{ "review_title": "UAV and Truck-Based Urban Logistics: A PRISMA Systematic Review of the State of the Art", "protocol_version": "1.0.0", "last_updated": "2026-09-29", "reporting_guideline": "PRISMA 2020 (Page et al., BMJ 2021;372:n71)", "design_note": "Two INDEPENDENT thematic streams are searched and screened separately (per author decision: trucks and drones as parallel, non-integrated lines). Each included study is later assigned to exactly one stream during synthesis. A study touching both streams is tagged BOTH but counts once in the PRISMA totals.", "syntax_note": "CRITICAL: OpenAlex title_and_abstract.search requires EVERY multi-word term to be double-quoted. Unquoted 'aerial delivery' is tokenized as 'aerial OR delivery' and inflated query UAV-3 from 377,164 spurious hits to a usable precision. Single words are quoted anyway for uniformity. Scopus TITLE-ABS-KEY accepts the same syntax.", "expected_scale": "VERIFIED 2026-09-29 with fully quoted phrases. OpenAlex / Scopus reported totals: UAV-1 2173/1623, UAV-2 1676/1467, UAV-3 1674/1038, TRUCK-1 1510/1158, TRUCK-2 1298/846, TRUCK-3 1866/1160. A result an order of magnitude ABOVE these means a quoting regression, not real literature. A result far BELOW means the phrase set was over-constrained - check for over-quoting.", "streams": [ { "id": "UAV", "label": "UAV / Drone-based urban logistics", "queries": [ { "id": "UAV-1", "title_abstract": "(\"unmanned aerial vehicle\" OR \"UAV\" OR \"drone\" OR \"drones\" OR \"drone delivery\") AND (\"last mile\" OR \"last-mile\" OR \"urban logistics\" OR \"city logistics\" OR \"parcel delivery\" OR \"postal delivery\")", "rationale": "Core concept set: aerial vehicle + urban/last-mile delivery context." }, { "id": "UAV-2", "title_abstract": "(\"UAV\" OR \"drone\" OR \"drones\") AND (\"vehicle routing\" OR \"routing problem\" OR \"fleet sizing\" OR \"delivery fleet\")", "rationale": "Covers the routing/operations decision literature for drone fleets." }, { "id": "UAV-3", "title_abstract": "(\"aerial delivery\" OR \"drone-based delivery\" OR \"drone transportation\" OR \"drone hub\" OR \"vertiport\")", "rationale": "Captures infrastructure and hub/network terminology." } ] }, { "id": "TRUCK", "label": "Truck-based urban freight and logistics", "queries": [ { "id": "TRUCK-1", "title_abstract": "(\"truck\" OR \"trucks\" OR \"lorry\" OR \"lorries\" OR \"heavy goods vehicle\" OR \"freight vehicle\") AND (\"urban logistics\" OR \"city logistics\" OR \"urban freight\" OR \"last-mile delivery\" OR \"last mile delivery\")", "rationale": "Core concept set: road freight vehicle + urban logistics context." }, { "id": "TRUCK-2", "title_abstract": "(\"urban freight\" OR \"city logistics\" OR \"urban distribution\" OR \"urban delivery\") AND (\"vehicle routing problem\" OR \"vehicle routing\" OR \"routing\")", "rationale": "Captures the classic VRP/urban-freight formulation literature." }, { "id": "TRUCK-3", "title_abstract": "(\"truck\" OR \"truck fleet\" OR \"electric truck\" OR \"delivery truck\") AND (\"urban delivery\" OR \"door-to-door\" OR \"cross-docking\" OR \"depot\")", "rationale": "Fleet composition, electrification and terminal operations." } ] } ], "databases": [ { "id": "openalex", "name": "OpenAlex", "endpoint": "https://api.openalex.org/works", "auth": "none (polite pool via mailto)", "abstracts": true, "notes": "Primary source for abstracts, keywords and language. Filter used: title_and_abstract.search" }, { "id": "scopus", "name": "Scopus", "endpoint": "https://api.elsevier.com/content/search/scopus", "auth": "X-ELS-APIKey header", "view": "STANDARD", "abstracts": false, "notes": "IMPORTANT: institutional subscription does NOT include view=COMPLETE/META_ABS (returns 401 AUTHORIZATION_ERROR). STANDARD view returns metadata + cited_by_count but NO abstract. Scopus therefore enriches citation counts and coverage; abstracts must come from OpenAlex.", "service_level_limits": { "count_max": 25, "start_max": 4000, "cursor_allowed": false, "max_records_per_query": 4000, "verified_errors": { "count>25": "400 INVALID_INPUT Exceeds the maximum number allowed for the service level", "start>=5000": "400 INVALID_INPUT Exceeds the number of search results", "cursor": "403 ENTITLEMENTS_ERROR Use of the cursor parameter is restricted", "transient": "400 INVALID_INPUT Error translating query (retries successfully; handled with backoff)" }, "implication": "Offset pagination only; the ceiling is 4000 records per query. All current queries are far below it, so no truncation is expected - but verify truncated=false in scopus_manifest.json." } } ], "execution": { "page_size": 200, "max_records_per_query": 20000, "max_retries": 12, "backoff_ms": 10000, "user_agent": "PRISMA-UAV-Truck-Review/1.0 (mailto:ricardo.palma@ingenieria.uncoyo.edu.ar)", "notes": "OpenAlex periodically returns HTTP 503 'Search temporarily unavailable'. The fetcher retries with exponential backoff and records per-query status so the PRISMA count log stays honest. Never silently drop a failed query. Pacing: ~1.5s between OpenAlex requests; 429 Rate limit exceeded is common on shared IPs and is retried with exponential backoff. Scopus page size is capped at 25 by service level, so a Scopus query of ~1600 records needs ~65 sequential requests (~1-2 min). Set expectations accordingly; do not kill the run early. max_records_per_query was raised from 2000 to 20000 after a silent truncation: UAV-1 reported 2173 but only 2000 were retrieved because the page loop was hard-capped at 10 pages (10 x 200 per-page). The page cap is now derived from max_records_per_query instead of hardcoded. Pacing raised to 4s between requests with 8s base backoff after OpenAlex began returning sustained HTTP 429 (2026-09-29). A full 6-query OpenAlex run then takes ~15-25 min. Let it finish; killing it mid-query leaves that query marked error. fetchJson honours the Retry-After header (OpenAlex returns ~30-40s); that matters more than exponential backoff when the IP is throttled. max_retries=12.", "inter_request_delay_ms": 3000, "scopus_page_size": 25, "openalex_quota_note": "2026-09-29: OpenAlex returned x-ratelimit-remaining=0 with retry-after ~28000s after the initial retrieval. Daily credits reset roughly every 24h. UAV-1 is therefore short by 174 records (2000 of 2174). Remediation after reset: node code_r/search_openalex.mjs UAV && node code_r/rebuild_manifest.mjs && node code_r/merge_dedupe.mjs" }, "deduplication": { "primary_key": "doi_lowercase", "fallback_key": "normalized_title_first_100_chars", "merge_rule": "Union of records. Prefer OpenAlex metadata; attach Scopus cited_by_count and EID when a DOI matches. Preserve per-database provenance for the PRISMA identification count." }, "observed_totals": { "_comment": "Reported totalResults per query as returned by each API on 2026-09-29. Used by code_r/rebuild_manifest.mjs to reconstruct the PRISMA query log from disk after an interrupted run.", "openalex/UAV-1": { "reported": 2174, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" }, "openalex/UAV-2": { "reported": 1676, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" }, "openalex/UAV-3": { "reported": 1674, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" }, "openalex/TRUCK-1": { "reported": 1510, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" }, "openalex/TRUCK-2": { "reported": 1298, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" }, "openalex/TRUCK-3": { "reported": 1866, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" }, "scopus/UAV-1": { "reported": 1623, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" }, "scopus/UAV-2": { "reported": 1467, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" }, "scopus/UAV-3": { "reported": 1038, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" }, "scopus/TRUCK-1": { "reported": 1158, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" }, "scopus/TRUCK-2": { "reported": 846, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" }, "scopus/TRUCK-3": { "reported": 1160, "observed_on": "2026-09-29" } } }