[ { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7162193484", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.20354735", "title": "Rail vs. Truck: The Real Modal Split", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-23", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Daniel Rosehill", "Gemini 3.1 (Flash)", "Chatterbox TTS" ], "first_author": "Daniel Rosehill", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "Episode summary: A single freight train can replace 300 trucks, yet most overland freight still moves by road. This episode breaks down the global modal split between rail and truck — from China's 50% rail share to the US's 8% — and explores the real-world economics behind the choice. We cover the 500-mile break-even distance, the drayage penalty, Precision Scheduled Railroading, and why Europe's fragmented networks struggle despite ambitious Green Deal targets. If you've ever wondered why your package didn't come by train, this is the episode for you. Show Notes Rail freight is three to four times more fuel-efficient than truck per ton-mile, yet its global modal share varies wildly. In the United States, rail carries about 8% of freight ton-kilometers; in the EU, 18%; in China and Russia, roughly 50%. The same physics applies everywhere — steel wheel on steel rail is inherently more efficient than rubber on asphalt — but infrastructure, geography, and industrial structure produce completely different outcomes. The economics hinge on a simple break-even: below 500 miles, truck almost always wins on total door-to-door cost and transit time. Between 500 and 1,500 miles, rail becomes competitive, especially for heavier cargo. Above 1,500 miles, rail has a clear cost advantage — but only if the route exists. The catch is the drayage penalty: rail requires trucking at both ends, adding 1–2 days and 15–25% to total cost for most shipments under 500 miles. A logistics manager moving auto parts from Detroit to Dallas might save 30% by rail — but transit time more than doubles, and a just-in-time assembly line can't tolerate that risk. Bulk commodities tell a different story. Coal, grain, ore, and chemicals make up 60–70% of US rail tonnage because unit trains run direct from mine to plant with no transshipment. For those flows, trucking is economically impossible. Meanwhile, Precision Scheduled Railroading has made US Class I railroads highly profitable but less responsive to shippers, pushing some cargo to truck. In Europe, fragmented national networks with different gauges, signaling, and electrification standards keep cross-border freight trains crawling at an average 18 km/h. The EU's 30% rail share target under the Green Deal remains aspirational — the trend line is flat at 18% — but the decarbonization logic is sound: rail produces 75% fewer CO2 emissions per ton-mile than truck, though that advantage depends heavily on electrification, which covers 60% of EU rail but only 1% of US rail. Listen online: https://myweirdprompts.com/episode/rail-vs-truck-modal-split", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Rail freight transport", "Modal", "Train", "Rail network", "Freight trains", "Rail transit" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20354735" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4408195036", "doi": "10.26650/jtl.2025.1609155", "title": "Two-Echelon Location Selection and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Assisted Vehicle Routing Problem", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-06", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Tolga Gedikli", "İsmail Karaoğlan" ], "first_author": "Tolga Gedikli", "venue": "Journal of Transportation and Logistics", "publisher": "Istanbul University", "abstract": "In recent years, the potential use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology in logistics processes and the rapid developments in this field have made UAV-assisted routing problems an important research topic. In this paper, we consider a two-echelon location selection and UAV-assisted vehicle routing problem. In this problem, trucks leave from the main depot with their packages and UAVs, move through potential service points (mobile depot), and return to the main depot. At each mobile depot, UAVs are launched from the truck to service the customers, and the trucks wait for the UAVs to complete their service and return. The UAVs are capable of making multiple trips between the mobile depot and customers, carrying only one package at a time. The objective is to minimize the maximum tour time. In this paper, a new problem, which involves a multi-truck structure and multiple launches of UAVs from a mobile depot, is investigated for the first time to the best of our knowledge in the literature. A mixed integer linear programming model is proposed to solve the problem. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed mathematical model, the number of trucks is determined as one and two, experimental analyses are performed and the results are reported in detail.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Operations research", "Aeronautics", "Artificial intelligence", "Engineering", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.26650/jtl.2025.1609155" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4226333468", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2204.01335", "title": "Logistics in the Sky: A Two-phase Optimization Approach for the Drone Package Pickup and Delivery System", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-04-04", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Fangyu Hong", "Guohua Wu", "Qizhang Luo", "Huan Liu", "Fang, Xiaoping", "Witold Pedrycz" ], "first_author": "Fangyu Hong", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "The application of drones in the last-mile distribution is a research hotspot in recent years. Different from the previous urban distribution mode that depends on trucks, this paper proposes a novel package pick-up and delivery mode and system in which multiple drones collaborate with automatic devices. The proposed mode uses free areas on the top of residential buildings to set automatic devices as delivery and pick-up points of packages, and employs drones to transport packages between buildings and depots. Integrated scheduling problem of package drop-pickup considering m-drone, m-depot, m-customer is crucial for the system. We propose a simulated-annealing-based two-phase optimization approach (SATO) to solve this problem. In the first phase, tasks are allocated to depots for serving, such that the initial problem is decomposed into multiple single depot scheduling problems with m-drone. In the second phase, considering the drone capability constraints and task demand constraints, we generate the route planning scheme for drones in each depot. Concurrently, an improved variable neighborhood descent algorithm (IVND) is designed in the first phase to reallocate tasks, and a local search algorithm (LS) are proposed to search the high-quality solution in the second phase. Finally, extensive experiments and comparative studies are conducted to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Experiments indicate that the proposed SATO-IVND can reduce the cost by more than 14% in a reasonable time compared with several other peer algorithms.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Computer science", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Pickup", "Simulated annealing", "Last mile (transportation)", "Real-time computing", "Mathematical optimization", "Simulation", "Algorithm", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.01335" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413942015", "doi": "10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101600", "title": "Urban freight Electrification: Total cost of ownership comparison of medium-duty BEVs and ICEVs in Thailand", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-03", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Pornthep Anussornnitisarn", "Atiphat Sumitpaibul", "Kampanart Silva", "Naraphorn Paoprasert" ], "first_author": "Pornthep Anussornnitisarn", "venue": "Case Studies on Transport Policy", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Electrification", "Business", "Duty", "Agricultural economics", "Natural resource economics", "Environmental science", "Economics", "Electricity", "Engineering", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101600" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4308080862", "doi": "10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9922062", "title": "Routing of Heterogeneous Fleets for Flash Deliveries via Vehicle Group Assignment", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-10-08", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Maximilian Kronmueller", "Andrés Fielbaum", "Javier Alonso–Mora" ], "first_author": "Maximilian Kronmueller", "venue": "2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper presents a novel approach to route heterogeneous fleets for flash delivery operations. Flash deliveries offer to serve customers' wishes in minutes. We investigate a scenario that allows to pick up orders at multiple depots with a heterogeneous vehicle fleet leveraging different modes of transportation. We propose the Heterogeneous Vehicle Group Assignment (HVGA) method, which, given a problem state, identifies potential pick-up locations, calculates potential trips for all modes of transportation and last chooses from the set of potential trips. Experiments to analyze the proposed method are executed using a fleet featuring two modes of transportation, trucks and drones. We compare to a state-of-the-art method. Results show that HVGA is able to serve more orders while requiring less total traveled distance. Further, the effects of the fleet size and fleet composition between drones and trucks are examined by simulating three hours of a flash delivery operation in the city center of Amsterdam.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Computer science", "TRIPS architecture", "Flash (photography)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Fleet management", "Transport engineering", "Vehicle routing problem", "State (computer science)", "Drone", "Duration (music)", "Operations research" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:add17ec7-acf4-40c7-8823-765dc279d92b" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W610248004", "doi": null, "title": "FROM IMPROBABLE TO PIONEERING : MIKE HAVERTY, J.B. HUNT PROVE SEEMINGLY STRANGE BEDFELLOWS CAN BE THE BEST INTERMODAL PARTNERS", "year": 2001, "publication_date": "2001-04-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jeff Stagl" ], "first_author": "Jeff Stagl", "venue": "Progressive railroading", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Describes the alliance formed in 1989 between trucking company J.B. Hunt and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, the first genuine intermodal, premium rail/truck service. It was based on the facts that trucks are railroad's biggest customers, and trains can haul trailers with a fraction of the manpower. The service profits from rail's inter-line abilities and trucking's door-to-door capabilities and direct contact with customers. Describes entry of containers and likelihood that rising fuel prices and driver shortages will spur more intermodal use.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Train", "Economic shortage", "Service (business)", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Alliance", "Business", "Marketing", "Automotive engineering", "Political science", "Law" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/684807" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7162206555", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.20354736", "title": "Rail vs. Truck: The Real Modal Split", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-23", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Daniel Rosehill", "Gemini 3.1 (Flash)", "Chatterbox TTS" ], "first_author": "Daniel Rosehill", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "Episode summary: A single freight train can replace 300 trucks, yet most overland freight still moves by road. This episode breaks down the global modal split between rail and truck — from China's 50% rail share to the US's 8% — and explores the real-world economics behind the choice. We cover the 500-mile break-even distance, the drayage penalty, Precision Scheduled Railroading, and why Europe's fragmented networks struggle despite ambitious Green Deal targets. If you've ever wondered why your package didn't come by train, this is the episode for you. Show Notes Rail freight is three to four times more fuel-efficient than truck per ton-mile, yet its global modal share varies wildly. In the United States, rail carries about 8% of freight ton-kilometers; in the EU, 18%; in China and Russia, roughly 50%. The same physics applies everywhere — steel wheel on steel rail is inherently more efficient than rubber on asphalt — but infrastructure, geography, and industrial structure produce completely different outcomes. The economics hinge on a simple break-even: below 500 miles, truck almost always wins on total door-to-door cost and transit time. Between 500 and 1,500 miles, rail becomes competitive, especially for heavier cargo. Above 1,500 miles, rail has a clear cost advantage — but only if the route exists. The catch is the drayage penalty: rail requires trucking at both ends, adding 1–2 days and 15–25% to total cost for most shipments under 500 miles. A logistics manager moving auto parts from Detroit to Dallas might save 30% by rail — but transit time more than doubles, and a just-in-time assembly line can't tolerate that risk. Bulk commodities tell a different story. Coal, grain, ore, and chemicals make up 60–70% of US rail tonnage because unit trains run direct from mine to plant with no transshipment. For those flows, trucking is economically impossible. Meanwhile, Precision Scheduled Railroading has made US Class I railroads highly profitable but less responsive to shippers, pushing some cargo to truck. In Europe, fragmented national networks with different gauges, signaling, and electrification standards keep cross-border freight trains crawling at an average 18 km/h. The EU's 30% rail share target under the Green Deal remains aspirational — the trend line is flat at 18% — but the decarbonization logic is sound: rail produces 75% fewer CO2 emissions per ton-mile than truck, though that advantage depends heavily on electrification, which covers 60% of EU rail but only 1% of US rail. Listen online: https://myweirdprompts.com/episode/rail-vs-truck-modal-split", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Rail freight transport", "Modal", "Train", "Rail network", "Freight trains", "Rail transit" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20354736" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7138919291", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6348258", "title": "The Single Truck and Drone Trailer Routing Problem", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Alexander Rave" ], "first_author": "Alexander Rave", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Trailer", "Drone", "Truck", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Vehicle routing problem" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6348258" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4416904850", "doi": "10.3390/futuretransp5040181", "title": "A Heuristic Approach for Truck and Drone Delivery System", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sorin Ionut Conea", "Gloria Cerasela Crişan" ], "first_author": "Sorin Ionut Conea", "venue": "Future Transportation", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "In the rapidly evolving landscape of logistics and last-mile delivery, optimizing efficiency and minimizing costs are paramount. This paper introduces a novel heuristic approach designed to enhance the efficiency of a truck-and-drone delivery system. Our method addresses the complex challenge of coordinating the movements of a truck, which serves as a mobile depot, and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV or drone), which performs rapid, short-distance deliveries. Our system proposes a two-step heuristic. For truck routes, we utilized the Concorde Solver to determine the optimal path, based on real-world road distances between locations in Bacău County, Romania. This data was meticulously collected and processed as a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) instance with precise geographical information. Concurrently, a drone is deployed for specific deliveries, with routes calculated using the Haversine formula to determine accurate distances based on geographical coordinates. A crucial aspect of our model is the integration of the drone’s limited autonomy, ensuring that each mission adheres to its operational capacity. Computational experiments conducted on a real-world dataset including 93 localities from Bacău County, Romania, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage heuristic. Compared to the optimal truck-only route, the hybrid truck-and-drone system achieved up to 15.59% cost reduction and 38.69% delivery time savings, depending on the drone’s speed and autonomy parameters. These results confirm that the proposed approach can substantially enhance delivery efficiency in realistic distribution scenarios.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Heuristic", "Solver", "Truck", "Travelling salesman problem", "Controller (irrigation)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7590/5/4/181/pdf?version=1764555856" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2166983944", "doi": "10.1109/cscwd.2015.7230941", "title": "Mono-objective and multi-objective models for the pickup and delivery problem with time windows", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-05-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ahlem Askri", "Mansour Rached", "Sadok Ben Yahia" ], "first_author": "Ahlem Askri", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we introduce models for the optimization of the door-to-door freight transportation. The main thrust of these models stand in the allowance to forecast of freight amounts that will be transported daily considering capacity as well as time constraints (e.g. time availability of retailers and customers). We also have integrated real-world constraints to meet practical difficulties that may actually face transportation (e.g., fixed number of working hours of drivers, availability of vehicles). The transportation scheme is characterized by a consolidation center. We assumed, also, that freight transportation is mutualized. Thus, we have split the FDPTW (Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows) into two problems: (i) is a Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) with Pickup; (ii) is a VRPTW with Delivery. The proposed models are solved by LINGO. The output results are the optimal trucks in each model. Lastly, one of the elaborated models (VRPTW with delivery) is tested with Solomon's benchmark and for the other models we propose different numerical experiments to validate our contributions.", "keywords": [ "Pickup", "Vehicle routing problem", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Truck", "Allowance (engineering)", "Computer science", "Consolidation (business)", "Operations research", "Scheme (mathematics)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Mathematical optimization", "Transport engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd.2015.7230941" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3126266104", "doi": "10.14569/ijacsa.2021.0120170", "title": "An Adaptive Genetic Algorithm for a New Variant of the Gas Cylinders Open Split Delivery and Pickup with Two-dimensional Loading Constraints", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Anouar Annouch", "Adil Bellabdaoui" ], "first_author": "Anouar Annouch", "venue": "International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications", "publisher": "Science and Information Organization", "abstract": "This paper studies a combination of two well-known problems in distribution logistics, which are the truck loading problem and the vehicle routing problem. In our context, a customer daily demand exceeds the truck capacity. As a result, the demand has to be split into several routes. In addition, it is required to assign customers to depots, which means that each customer is visited just once by any truck in the fleet. Moreover, we take into consideration a customer time windows. The studied problem can be defined as a Multi-depots open split delivery and pickup vehicle routing problem with two-dimensional loading constraints and time windows (2L-MD-OSPDTW). A mathemat-ical formulation of the problem is proposed as a mixed-integer linear programming model. Then, a set of four class instances is used in a way that reflects the real-life case study. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm is proposed to solve a large scale dataset. Finally, preliminary results are reported and show that the MILP performs very well for small test instances while the genetic algorithm can be efficiently used to solve the problem for a wide-reaching test instances.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Pickup", "Truck", "Vehicle routing problem", "Genetic algorithm", "Context (archaeology)", "Mathematical optimization", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Set (abstract data type)", "Integer programming", "Algorithm", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume12No1/Paper_70-An_Adaptive_Genetic_Algorithm_for_a_New_Variant.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3036377493", "doi": "10.1109/informatics47936.2019.9119301", "title": "A Simulation Study of Depot with Multiple Temperature Modes: Maximum Flow Estimation", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-11-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Marie Nedvědová", "Alena Pozdílková", "Jaroslav Marek", "Michael Bažant" ], "first_author": "Marie Nedvědová", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The aim of this paper is to make a truck loading simulation in a large area with several warehouses each with a given temperature mode of stored goods (frozen, refrigerated, and unrefrigerated goods). When loading goods in different temperature modes, time delays occur when trucks are crossing between ramps (ramps for various temperature modes are separated). The problem is that if the number of ramps is insufficient, queues may arise. The aim of the paper is to quantify the dependence of the loading time on the number of loaded pallets where we consider usually achievable loading area limits of trucks when planning multiple trips. We assume that customer order quantities are given by a Beta distribution. Knowledge of this density estimate allow us to assess the maximum flow through the depot. Arena software is used for the simulation.", "keywords": [ "Pallet", "Truck", "Queue", "Simulation software", "Computer science", "Flow (mathematics)", "Mode (computer interface)", "Automotive engineering", "Software", "Simulation", "Transport engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/10195/75111" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7155874815", "doi": "10.3389/fanim.2026.1757779", "title": "Thermal variability across truck decks and at off-truck rest periods influences rumen temperature in transported Bos indicus cattle", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-27", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Malcolm Tree", "Emma J. Dunston-Clarke", "Rachel O'Reilly", "Anne L. Barnes", "Ebony Schoonens", "L. Pannier", "Teresa Collins" ], "first_author": "Malcolm Tree", "venue": "Frontiers in Animal Science", "publisher": "Frontiers Media", "abstract": "Assessing cattle responses to commercial long-distance road transport is challenging. Physiological effects of environmental conditions and long-distance transport on rangeland-sourced beef cattle in Western Australia (WA) were examined. The rumen temperature of 131 Bos indicus cows (≥343.0 kg, condition score >2.5) and environmental ambient wet bulb temperature (WBT) were recorded across the journey of seven trials. Each four-day trial consisted of cattle being transported through varying climatic zones in WA over a 2,427 km multi-stage journey consisting of regulated rest stops, vehicle reconfiguration, and overnight off-truck rest prior to slaughter. Rumen temperature monitoring revealed pronounced temperature decreases during the off-truck period, reaching as low as 35.8 °C, presumed to indicate water intake at the Depot yards. The WBT varied substantially throughout the journey, with daytime peaks of 21.2˚C and night-time lows below freezing. Notably, trends in WBT differences between truck decks suggested location on the truck may contribute to variable thermal conditions for cattle. More than half of the animals were pregnant, emphasizing the need for further welfare considerations. Adjusted rumen temperature (T AR ) modelling confirmed a significant 0.82 °C (95% CI: -1.12 to -0.53; p < 0.001) decrease during off-truck rest compared to when cattle were at Holding Yards prior to transport. While WBT generally had limited direct association with rumen temperature, a significant effect was noted when cattle were offloaded into the Depot Yards, with cattle experiencing a 0.03 °C increase in T AR per 1 °C increase in WBT (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.06; p = 0.005) compared to when cattle were at the Holding Yards prior to the start of the journey. The findings highlight the complex relationship between environmental conditions, transport logistics, and animal physiology, and reinforces to industry the value of incorporating structured off-truck rest, improved truck design, and broader welfare indicators into transport management strategies.", "keywords": [ "Rumen", "Beef cattle", "Air temperature", "Ruminant", "Dairy cattle", "Rest (music)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/animal-science/articles/10.3389/fanim.2026.1757779/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4401277593", "doi": "10.26905/jiv.v6i1.12326", "title": "Analisis Sistem Antrian Gudang Cross-dock dengan menggunakan Sistem Antrian (M/M/S) Pada Industri Perakitan Mobil", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-05-31", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Adi Fitra", "Suhendra Suhendra", "Tri Ngudi" ], "first_author": "Adi Fitra", "venue": "Journal of Industrial View", "publisher": "Universitas Merdeka Malang", "abstract": "AbstractThe car assembly industry continues to grow, especially in Indonesia. Logistics is one of the fields that supports the car assembly industry such as the Cross-dock warehouse. The Cross-dock warehouse itself has a capacity limit in receiving queues of containers received in the truck unloading waiting area. Queue analysis was carried out at the Cross-dock company in the car assembly industry in Cikarang using the Queue method (M/M/S). Where the current container receiving capacity is obtained at a maximum of 12 containers per hour and the unloading capacity of 2 containers per hour will not exceed the waiting capacity for container unloading as many as 8 containers, if it is found that the arrival of containers exceeds 12 containers, it will result in the container being outside the Cross-dock system and must be outside the Cross-dock warehouse. AbstrakIndustri perakitan mobil terus berkembang khususnnya di Indonesia. Logistik adalah salah satu bidang yang mensupport industri perakitan mobil seperti adanya gudang Cross-dock. Gudang Cross-dock sendiri mempunyai batasan kapasitas dalam menerima antrian container yang diterima di area tunggu bongkarang truk. Analisa antrian dilakukan pada perusahaan Cross-dock di Industri perakitan mobil di Cikarang dengan menggunakan metode Antrian (M/M/S). Dimana didapatkan kapasitas penerimaan container saat ini sudah maksimal dengan 12 container perjam dan kapasitas bongkaran 2 kontainer perjam tidak akan melebihi dari kapasitas tunggu bongkaran kontainer sebanyak 8 kontainer jika didapati kedatangan kontainer melebihi dari 12 kontainer maka akan mengakibatkan container berada diluar dari system Cross-dock dan harus berada di luar dari gudang Cross-dock.", "keywords": [ "DOCK", "Geology", "Physics", "Engineering", "Marine engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/jiv.v6i1.12326" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4409457811", "doi": "10.1080/01605682.2025.2489130", "title": "A load and time-dependent hazardous materials distribution problem in urban areas", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-15", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Eleni Karouti", "Konstantinos N. Androutsopoulos", "Konstantinos G. Zografos" ], "first_author": "Eleni Karouti", "venue": "Journal of the Operational Research Society", "publisher": "Palgrave Macmillan", "abstract": "The objective of this paper is to model and solve the hazardous materials distribution problem in which a set of orders is serviced by a heterogeneous fleet of tank trucks. The objective of the problem is to determine the delivery routes of the trucks so that all the orders are serviced at the minimum traversed distance and transportation risk. A new transportation risk measure is proposed, which takes into account: (i) the population exposed within a load-dependent, impacted area around the truck, and (ii) the travel speed of the vehicle. Moreover, the proposed problem incorporates the effect of the scheduling of the loading operations performed at the depot into the routing problem. The proposed problem is modeled by a bi-objective vehicle routing and scheduling problem, which apart from determining delivery routes, deals simultaneously with the scheduling of the loading operations at the depot. To address the bi-objective routing and scheduling problem, we have developed an NSGA-II algorithm, known as a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, with various novel features. The results of the performed experiments indicate that the proposed risk measure substantially reduces the duration that the population stays under the risk of a HazMat shipment.", "keywords": [ "Hazardous waste", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Environmental science", "Civil engineering", "Engineering", "Waste management", "Operations management", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/229153/1/A_Load_and_Time_dependent_Hazardous_Materials_Distribution_Problem_in_Urban_Areas_6_Final_1_.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3180835469", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-70594-7_10", "title": "Neural Models to Quantify the Determinants of Truck Fuel Consumption", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alwyn Jakobus Hoffman", "Schalk J. Rabe" ], "first_author": "Alwyn Jakobus Hoffman", "venue": "Studies in computational intelligence", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Fuel efficiency", "Profitability index", "Ranking (information retrieval)", "Shrinkage", "Payload (computing)", "Automotive industry", "Sample (material)", "Regression analysis", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering", "Artificial neural network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70594-7_10" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4408595353", "doi": "10.20944/preprints202503.1101.v1", "title": "Implementation of Modular Depot Concept for Switchgrass Pellet Production in the Piedmont", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-17", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jonathan P. Resop", "John S. Cundiff", "Shahabaddine Sokhansanj" ], "first_author": "Jonathan P. Resop", "venue": "Preprints.org", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Raw biomass (low bulk density) is converted to pellets (high bulk density) in several pellet depots. The distribution of these depots across the production area has impact of the total truck operating hours (raw biomass hauling to a depot + pellet hauling from the depot to the biorefinery) required to delivery feedstock for annual operation of the biorefinery. This study examines the distribution of depots across five production areas. The number of depots were 1, 2, and 4 depots per production area for a total of 5, 10, and 20 depots. Increasing from 5 to 10 reduced raw biomass hauling hours by 14% and increasing from 5 to 20 reduced these hours by 30%. Total hours (raw + pellets) were reduced less than 1% from 5 to 10 and about 11% from 5 to 20.", "keywords": [ "Pellet", "Depot", "Production (economics)", "Modular design", "Business", "Environmental science", "Agricultural engineering", "Engineering", "Computer science", "Economics", "Materials science", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202503.1101.v1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2740137867", "doi": null, "title": "EVALUATING PETROLEUM DEPOT OPERATIONS WITH SCENARIOS PLANNING AND ECONOMIC SIMULATION-OPTIMIZATION", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ali Naba Sayl", "Waleed Khalid Abduljabbar" ], "first_author": "Ali Naba Sayl", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Oil terminals are widely used to store various liquids and gases. The refinery scheduling problem is one of the most challenging problems in operational research due to the complexity of the refinery scheduling operations and the corresponding process models. In this paper, we present a model by which a decision maker should be able to choose the optimal number of tanks, tank size and truck arrival rate to maximize average total profit per week for an oil terminal operation. One of the refineries procedures is used to determine which combination of levels. Of number of tanks, tank size and truck arrival rate will result in highest average total profit per week. We started the estimation process, for 180 weeks with 20 weeks of warmup period with ten replications were conducted for four different scenarios and the total profit week ($) for each run was compiled in spread tables. Given an oil flow rate into the Terminal, tank and truck fill rate and a cost and revenue structure, the model is able to predict with 99% confidence a set of factor levels that yields the highest average total profit per week.", "keywords": [ "Oil refinery", "Truck", "Refinery", "Profit (economics)", "Revenue", "Net profit", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Engineering", "Operations research", "Total revenue", "Operations management", "Transport engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/UploadFolder/IJITMIS_06_02_003/IJITMIS_06_02_003.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413218145", "doi": "10.1080/23249935.2025.2543488", "title": "Real-time coordinated vehicle-drone path planning for urban healthcare delivery services", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-11", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Xintong Li", "Mingzhi Lyu", "Wei Liu", "Ang Li" ], "first_author": "Xintong Li", "venue": "Transportmetrica A Transport Science", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "abstract": "Drone-assisted delivery applications in healthcare services have been implemented/tested in various cities. To support drone-assisted healthcare delivery applications, this paper examines the real-time path-planning problem for a heterogeneous fleet of drones and trucks, given a set of depots respectively hosting a fleet of parallel-working trucks and drones. We consider both deterministic scheduled demand and dynamic new demand, and optimise the routing and scheduling for the truck-drone fleets in real-time. We introduce a rolling horizon framework, where the demand information and the status of the drones and the trucks are updated at each epoch as new demands emerge. The operator can re-optimise the routing and scheduling of all vehicles (including en-route vehicles) to meet demand as far as possible and save operating cost. To tackle this problem, we develop a mixed-integer linear programming model that allows multi-visit and multi-trip in a journey of a planning horizon for the drones and trucks. The model also considers the decision on service split (among vehicles) at demand sites to address the payload capacity limitation of a single drone or a single truck. A tailored Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) heuristic is then developed to efficiently solve large-scale instances in computationally tractable time. We also conduct a large-scale case study based on Hong Kong blood product delivery instances to showcase the applicability of the proposed approach, as well as the impact of the number of dynamic demands generated in a planning period and their spatial distribution features on the cost outcomes.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Time horizon", "Payload (computing)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Transport engineering", "Operations management", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23249935.2025.2543488" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7203559340", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.21956100", "title": "Could Flexible Pipelines Reduce Reliance on Tanker Trucks?", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-15", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Aqeel Ganem" ], "first_author": "Aqeel Ganem", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "This technical concept note explores the potential use of spoolable, flexible pipeline systems for selected petroleum-product transport applications. The concept considers flexible pipelines as a practical option for suitable connections between refineries, storage depots, and nearby distribution facilities where route characteristics, operating conditions, and project economics justify pipeline infrastructure. The note draws on the author’s previous research on composite materials and their applications in the oil and gas industry.", "keywords": [ "Pipeline transport", "Pipeline (software)", "Gas industry", "Petroleum industry", "Fossil fuel", "Petroleum" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21956100" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7203537817", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.21956101", "title": "Could Flexible Pipelines Reduce Reliance on Tanker Trucks?", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-15", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Aqeel Ganem" ], "first_author": "Aqeel Ganem", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "This technical concept note explores the potential use of spoolable, flexible pipeline systems for selected petroleum-product transport applications. The concept considers flexible pipelines as a practical option for suitable connections between refineries, storage depots, and nearby distribution facilities where route characteristics, operating conditions, and project economics justify pipeline infrastructure. The note draws on the author’s previous research on composite materials and their applications in the oil and gas industry.", "keywords": [ "Pipeline transport", "Pipeline (software)", "Gas industry", "Petroleum industry", "Fossil fuel", "Petroleum" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21956101" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2736021300", "doi": null, "title": "Distribution Planning for Rail and Truck Freight Transportation Systems", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-06-21", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yazhe Feng" ], "first_author": "Yazhe Feng", "venue": "VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)", "publisher": "Virginia Tech", "abstract": "Rail and truck freight transportation systems provide vital logistics services today. Rail systems are generally used to transport heavy and bulky commodities over long distances, while trucks tend to provide fast and flexible service for small and high-value products. In this dissertation, we study two different distribution planning problems that arise in rail and truck transportation systems. In the railroad industry, shipments are often grouped together to form a block to reduce the impact of reclassification at train yards. We consider the time and capacity constrained routing (TCCR) problem, which assigns shipments to blocks and train-runs to minimize overall transportation costs, while considering the train capacities and shipment due dates. Two mathematical formulations are developed, including an arc-based formulation and a path-based formulation. To solve the problem efficiently, two solution approaches are proposed. The sequential algorithm assigns shipments in order of priority while considering the remaining train capacities and due dates. The bump-shipment algorithm initially schedules shipments simultaneously and then reschedules the shipments that exceed the train capacity. The algorithms are evaluated using a data set from a major U.S. railroad with approximately 500,000 shipments. Industry-sized problems are solved within a few minutes of computational time by both the sequential and bump-shipment algorithms, and transportation costs are reduced by 6% compared to the currently used trip plans. For truck transportation systems, trailer fleet planning (TFP) is an important issue to improve services and reduce costs. In this problem, we consider the quantities and types of trailers to purchase, rent, or relocate among depots to meet time varying demands. Mixed-integer programming models are developed for both homogeneous and heterogeneous TFP problems. The objective is to minimize the total fleet investment costs and the distribution costs across multiple depots and multiple time periods. For homogeneous TFP problem, a two-phase solution approach is proposed. Phase I concentrates on distribution costs and determines the suggested fleet size. A sweep-based routing heuristic is applied to generate candidate routes of good quality. Then a reduced mathematical model selects routes for meeting customer demands and determines the preferred fleet size. Phase II provides trailer purchase, relocation, and rental decisions based on the results of Phase I and relevant cost information. This decomposition approach removes the interactions between depots and periods, which greatly reduces the complexity of the integrated optimization model. For the heterogeneous TFP problem, trailers with different capacities, costs, and features are considered. The two-phase approach, developed for the homogeneous TFP, is modified. A rolling horizon scheme is applied in Phase I to consider the trailer allocations in previous periods when determining the fleet composition for the current period. Additionally, the sweep-based routing heuristic is also extended to capture the characteristics of continuous delivery practice where trailers are allowed to refill products at satellite facilities. This heuristic generates routes for each trailer type so that the customer-trailer restrictions are accommodated. The numerical studies, conducted using a data set with three depots and more than 400 customers, demonstrate the effectiveness of the two-phase approaches. Compared to the integrated optimization models, the two-phase approaches obtain quality solutions within a reasonable computational time and demonstrate robust performance as the problem sizes increase. Based on these results, a leading industrial gas provider is currently integrating the proposed solution approaches as part of their worldwide distribution planning software.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/8a0c801f-d8a7-4af2-ad0b-940979bc8123/download" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2302525183", "doi": null, "title": "Evaluation of wood productivity rate in primary and secondary transportation in Nekachub region", "year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ali Eghtesadi" ], "first_author": "Ali Eghtesadi", "venue": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Wood transportation from cutting areas to saw mills includes two phases; 1) transport of logs from cutting areas to road side (primary transportation) by skidder and 2) wood hauling by logging tracks from road side to saw mills (second transportation). The goal of the current study was to evaluate the total time skidding and wood transportation and production rate of skidder and logging trucks and effective factors of logging operation in Nekachoub area, north of Iran. In this study, based on data from continuous time studies for different phases, 45 and 60 turns were recorded on skidder and logging trucks, respectively. Collected data were analyzed by mathematical model of skidding time by TAF skidder, including winching distances, slope, number and volume of logs and hauling time, hauling distances, number and volume of logs. The results showed that submitted models were valid for skidding and hauling times. Thus, logging cost would be calculated. In this research, production rate for TAF skidder, wood transportation by logging trucks from road side (landing in forest) to saw mill depot by truck were 10.26 m³/hr and 5.79 m³/hr, respectively.", "keywords": [ "Primary (astronomy)", "Primary productivity", "Productivity", "Agricultural economics", "Business", "Transport engineering", "Forestry", "Environmental science", "Natural resource economics", "Geography", "Economics", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doaj.org/article/2c236092d31549afb074fb4ec23b3d7e" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3180233789", "doi": null, "title": "Economic and Environmental Impacts of Drone Delivery", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Juan Zhang" ], "first_author": "Juan Zhang", "venue": "IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri–St. Louis)", "publisher": "University of Missouri–St. Louis", "abstract": "Motivated by the potentially huge economic and environmental benefits of drone delivery, this dissertation developed mathematical models using the continuous approximation methodology to quantify the cost and emissions savings that drone delivery can provide relative to conventional truck delivery on multi-stop routes for a range of operating characteristics, delivery environments, and carbon intensities of power generation. This research considers two types of drone delivery: drone-only delivery and truck-drone delivery. In drone-only delivery, drones travel out-and-back from a depot to make each delivery. In truck-drone delivery, a truck and drone tandem make deliveries in parallel with the drone being launched and recovered at the truck. The research suggests that the delivery cost and emissions savings relative to conventional truck delivery can be substantial, but strongly depend on drone operating cost and emissions rates and their interrelationship. Because drone emissions depend on both the drone energy consumption rate and the electricity generation, Chapter 3 classifies five fundamental drone energy consumption models, and documents wide variability in the published drone energy consumption rates, due to different drone types, operating conditions and fundamental modeling assumptions. Chapters 4 and 5 provide continuous approximation models for the cost and the emissions with truck-only delivery and the two drone delivery services (drone-only and truck-drone), and show how the savings with drones depend on key characteristics of the drone and the operational setting. Chapter 6 examines the cost and emissions tradeoffs with optimal use of drone-only delivery and truck-drone delivery and shows the importance of the drone operating cost and energy consumption rates, as well as the delivery density and truck capacity. Results show that replacing truck-only delivery with drones can provide both cost and environmental benefits, with drone-only delivery preferred when drone operating cost and emissions rates and/or delivery density are very low and truck-drone delivery preferred when drone operating cost and emissions rates, truck-drone capacity, and/or delivery density are not very low. Results also show there can be a large tradeoff between cost and emissions when the ratio of drone operating cost rate to drone emissions rate differs from the ratio for trucks.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Business", "Aeronautics", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/1052" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4406175617", "doi": "10.1049/icp.2024.1911", "title": "Integration of heavy-duty trucks into the high-voltage grid", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Andreas Bong", "Chris Martin Vertgewall", "Simon G. Braun", "Andreas Ulbig" ], "first_author": "Andreas Bong", "venue": "IET conference proceedings.", "publisher": "Institution of Engineering and Technology", "abstract": "Current trends suggest that heavy-duty trucks will be at least partially replaced by battery-electric vehicles in the future. These vehicles place an additional burden on the electricity grid. This paper presents a method for positioning heavy-duty trucks in the power grid and determining the charging behaviour at the depot. The charging behaviour is determined by using stay profiles, which are generated by random draws based on historical mobility data. The influence of the grid integration of heavy-duty trucks on an exemplary German high-voltage grid is then analysed. This involves varying the number of heavy-duty trucks and the maximum permitted power per heavy-duty truck. The results show that the utilisation of the grid is significantly influenced by a high penetration of heavy-duty trucks. Depending on the charging strategy approach, power peaks can be prevented, thereby reducing grid utilisation.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Heavy duty", "Grid", "Automotive engineering", "Electrical engineering", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Environmental science", "Geology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2024.1911" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W616454036", "doi": null, "title": "Heterogeneous truck routing policies with tour routing time restriction", "year": 2010, "publication_date": "2010-03-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ada Suk-Fung Ng", "Mei Khing Ong" ], "first_author": "Ada Suk-Fung Ng", "venue": "The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)", "publisher": "The University of Sydney", "abstract": "We study a heterogeneous full-truckload vehicle routing problem based on the case of a trucking company in Malaysia, where trucks originate from a depot and are dispatched to various parts of the service area. Each order defines an origin-destination pair for pickup and delivery locations. Goods have to be picked up or delivered within the pre-specified pickup and delivery time windows. Besides, we consider a restriction on tour routing time, i.e. the total time taken from the time each truck leaves the depot, servicing a number of orders, to the time it returns to the depot. Our objective is to minimize total deadhead costs. Four integer programming solution policies are proposed. Three of the policies identify the set of homebound trucks before assigning jobs to trucks, while the last policy is a one-off algorithm that assigns job routes to all the trucks and makes sure that each truck will not exceed the total route time limit when it returns to the depot. Crosssectional computation results show that the one-off policy is the best amongst the four. Cumulative analysis results show that all four policies do better than the company’s original assignment in terms of deadhead costs and truck utilization.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Integer programming", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Dynamic programming", "Set (abstract data type)", "Limit (mathematics)", "Computation", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19279" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2359449309", "doi": null, "title": "Graph-based modeling method for container truck transportation problems", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ruiyou Zhang", "Dingwei Wang", "Yun Won Young" ], "first_author": "Ruiyou Zhang", "venue": "Systems Engineering - Theory & Practice", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "A graph-based modeling method of container truck transportation problems between terminals and final shippers/receivers was proposed in this paper.The graph can formulate not only the transportation of import/export full/empty containers,but also the transportation resource attribute of empty containers. The graph denotes determinate activities with vertexes and denotes indeterminate activities with arcs.Therefore,it is named as determinate-activities-on-vertexes(DAOV) graph.Based on the proposed graph,the basic case,multi-depot multi-terminal case,and the case with given number of empty containers on depots,of the container truck transportation problems were mathematically modeled.They fall into the multiple traveling salesman problem with time windows(m-TSPTW),multi-depot m-TSPTW,and m-TSPTW with resource constraints,respectively.Furthermore,the modeling method can be extended to more general cases of the problems,which indicates the validity of the presented graph-based modeling method.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Travelling salesman problem", "Graph", "Computer science", "Container (type theory)", "Mathematical optimization", "Mathematics", "Algorithm", "Theoretical computer science", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-XTLL201108017.htm" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7213982819", "doi": "10.1007/978-981-92-0971-2_3", "title": "Truck-Drone-Based Package Delivery in Mountain Areas", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-02", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chang Guo", "Jianchen Hu", "Meng Zhang", "Chengshuai Wu", "Bo Fan", "Chao-Bo Yan" ], "first_author": "Chang Guo", "venue": "Lecture notes in networks and systems", "publisher": "Springer International Publishing", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Field (mathematics)", "Work (physics)", "Data collection", "Key (lock)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-0971-2_3" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4288518410", "doi": "10.1038/s41370-022-00454-5", "title": "Clean fleets, different streets: evaluating the effect of New York City’s clean bus program on changes to estimated ambient air pollution", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-07-20", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Gina S. Lovasi", "Christian A. Treat", "Dustin Fry", "Isha Shah", "Jane Ellen Clougherty", "Alique G. Berberian", "Frederica P. Perera", "Marianthi‐Anna Kioumourtzoglou" ], "first_author": "Gina S. Lovasi", "venue": "Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": "Abstract Background Motor vehicles, including public transit buses, are a major source of air pollution in New York City (NYC) and worldwide. To address this problem, governments and transit agencies have implemented policies to introduce cleaner vehicles into transit fleets. Beginning in 2000, the Metropolitan Transit Agency began deploying compressed natural gas, hybrid electric, and low-sulfur diesel buses to reduce urban air pollution. Objective We hypothesized that bus fleet changes incorporating cleaner vehicles would have detectable effects on air pollution concentrations between 2009 and 2014, as measured by the New York City Community Air Survey (NYCCAS). Methods Depot- and route-specific information allowed identification of areas with larger or smaller changes in the proportion of distance traveled by clean buses. Data were assembled for 9670 300 m × 300 m grid cell areas with annual concentration estimates for nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and black carbon (BC) from NYCCAS. Spatial error models adjusted for truck route presence and total traffic volume. Results While concentrations of all three pollutants declined between 2009 and 2014 even in the 39.7% of cells without bus service, the decline in concentrations of NO and NO2 was greater in areas with more bus service and with higher proportional shifts toward clean buses. Conversely, the decline in BC concentration was slower in areas with more bus service and higher proportional clean bus shifts. Significance These results provide evidence that the NYC clean bus program impacted concentrations of air pollution, particularly in reductions of NO2. Further work can investigate the potential impact of these changes on health outcomes in NYC residents. Impact Statement Urban air pollution from diesel-burning buses is an important health exposure. The New York Metropolitan Transit Agency has worked to deploy cleaner buses into their fleet, but the impact of this policy has not been evaluated. Successful reductions in air pollution are critical for public health.", "keywords": [ "Air pollution", "Environmental science", "Public transport", "Truck", "Clean Air Act", "Metropolitan area", "Compressed natural gas", "Ultra-low-sulfur diesel", "Pollution", "Environmental engineering", "Transport engineering", "Criteria air contaminants" ], "cited_by_count": 15, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-022-00454-5.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2793866004", "doi": "10.18178/ijesd.2017.8.11.1056", "title": "Vehicle Routing Optimization for Improving Fleet Fuel Efficiency: A Case Study in Sydney, Australia", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hoda Karimipour", "Vivian W.Y. Tam", "Helen Burnie", "Khoa Nguyen Le" ], "first_author": "Hoda Karimipour", "venue": "International Journal of Environmental Science and Development", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a classic combinatorial optimization problem involved in many applications.VRP is even a big concern when the vehicle is a garbage truck, which travels approximately 100 km/day with the average consumption of 1 litre/km.For this reason, a small improvement in collection activities may result in significant savings in overall cost, fuel and therefore greenhouse-gas emissions.The primary goal of this research is to find ways to reduce overall travel distance for collection and transport of municipal solid waste from residential homes within the Blacktown City Area in order to reduce the fuel consumption and therefore greenhouse-gas emissions.Esri's ArcGIS 10.3 Network Analyst extension has been used in this study.To calculate optimal routes for solid waste collection, several inputs to the ArcGIS Network Analyst solver have been used including: collection points represented the depot start point, the home rooftops where the garbage is collected and the unload point.The results of this study show that: Using an optimized route instead of a regular route can reduce the total travelled distance by 8 km/day on the pilot site.The optimized route will reduce that individual truck's emissions by 5.5 kg CO2 per day for that collection area.This represents a reduction of about 8% for that particular collection.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Environmental science", "Transport engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 8, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.ijesd.org/vol8/1056-D54.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4389566505", "doi": "10.7737/jkorms.2023.48.4.023", "title": "Delivery Position Clustering & RGSO Parallel Truck-Drone Scheduling", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-11-30", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sung-Soo Kim", "Min-Seop Shin" ], "first_author": "Sung-Soo Kim", "venue": "한국경영과학회지", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The objective of this paper is to propose two steps truck and drone delivery model based on Parallel Drone Scheduling TSP (PDSTSP) to minimize the completion time that is the time at which the truck and drones return to the depot. In step 1, all delivery positions are clustered based on the relative distance rate of each delivery position and distance between central position data of each cluster. The average of all delivery positions of clusters can be the centroid for tentative drone station to overcome the flight range limitation of drone. The truck and drone station depart from depot to the centroid of each cluster. The truck and drone station are separated each other and the drone station is established in the centroid of each cluster. In step 2, Routing Group Search Optimization (RGSO) is used to find the best schedule and routing of the truck and drone from each centroid to better balance vehicle and drone delivery which can complement drone and truck delivery services. After finishing the deliveries, the truck and drone station are combined and return to depot. Our simulation results show that our methodology is very effective based on the several experiments and analysis.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Computer science", "Cluster analysis", "Centroid", "Schedule", "Cluster (spacecraft)", "Real-time computing", "Engineering", "Operations management", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.7737/jkorms.2023.48.4.023" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163923011", "doi": "10.4271/2026-37-0019", "title": "Optimal Charging Planning with Energy Consumption Simulation for Battery Electric Long-Haul Trucks", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-09", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Michail Perdikopoulos", "Stylianos Doulgeris", "Georgios Livitsanos", "Thomas Kazakis", "Giorgos Mellios", "Leonidas D. Ntziachristos" ], "first_author": "Michail Perdikopoulos", "venue": "SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Vehicle fleet decarbonization is a key objective for the coming years, with electrification representing the primary pathway to achieving the targets set by the European Union. The share of battery electric trucks in new registrations has been gradually increasing especially in light and medium size trucks. The replacement rate of diesel long-haul trucks with zero emission trucks is still low due to challenges posed by added complexity and limitations of battery charging. Depot overnight charging is not sufficient to cover the energy needs of a truck covering large distances and careful planning of the route using public charging infrastructure is crucial for an optimized route minimizing extra costs and range anxiety. The current work aims to develop a methodology to propose the optimal charging locations for a given route of a battery electric truck based on nearby stations along the route. Our study uses an open-source optimization algorithm for the fixed route vehicle charging problem coupled with a powertrain simulation model that is used to calculate the energy consumption and the electric range of the vehicles. A variety of constraints, such as initial State of Charge, lowest allowed State of Charge threshold, maximum trip duration, distance deviation, have been implemented in different scenarios from real world locations with a goal to investigate the impact of planning constraints and charging infrastructure in the optimal planning of electric truck routing. The results of our analysis indicate that the integration of an accurate energy consumption calculation model to a route and charging optimisation algorithm can be proven beneficial for minimizing the time penalty due to charging.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Electrification", "Battery (electricity)", "Powertrain", "Driving range", "Range (aeronautics)", "Energy consumption", "Electric vehicle", "State of charge" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4271/2026-37-0019" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W31276481", "doi": null, "title": "A SIMPLE APPROACH TO LINEHAUL-BACKHAUL PROBLEMS: A GUIDED LOCAL SEARCH APPROACH FOR THE VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM", "year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yuan Zhong", "Michael H. Cole" ], "first_author": "Yuan Zhong", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This report develops a heuristic algorithm and prototype software for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls and Time Windows (VRPBTW). The problem differs from the well known VRP in that customers can demand either delivery (linehaul) or pickup (backhaul), and each customer has a service window. In words, the VRPBTW is as follows - Given: 1. Single depot; 2. Set of customers with known demands (pickups and/or deliveries); 3. Customer service time windows consisting of a ready time (earliest time allowed for truck arrival) and a due time (latest time allowed for truck arrival); 4. Homogenous fleet of vehicles (trucks) of fixed capacity; Find: Set of vehicle routes that minimize the number of vehicles and the total distance traveled (a surrogate for total cost); Subject To: 1. Each customer's demand (pickup or delivery) must be satisfied; 2. A customer's demand may not be split between different vehicles; 3. Customer time window are hard - they may not be violated; 4. Fleet size (number of vehicles) is unconstrained; and 5. Customer precedence (whether or not linehauls must precede backhauls).", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Truck", "Computer science", "Pickup", "Backhaul (telecommunications)", "Operations research", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Set (abstract data type)", "Transport engineering", "Mathematical optimization", "Engineering", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/717952" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171809292", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.21701219", "title": "mattiasingelstrom/hd-ev-charging-profiles: v1.2.0 — Empirical depot stop-time distributions", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-30", "type": "software", "language": null, "authors": [ "Mattias Ingelström", "Elina Strömberg" ], "first_author": "Mattias Ingelström", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "Reproducibility package for charging demand profiles of heavy-duty electric trucks in the Skåne region of southern Sweden, produced by an agent-based MATSim transport simulation of a fully electrified long-haul fleet. Of the 83 simulated iterations, ITER7–ITER10 are excluded due to a truncated vehicle population, leaving 79 usable runs (earlier release notes saying “78 usable” or “iterations 5–9 excluded” were miscounts). New in v1.2.0 Station-level data supporting the companion conference paper (IEEE VPPC 2026): station_profiles_fast.csv / station_profiles_depot.csv — hourly profile statistics (mean, P10, P90 over the 79 runs) for the 23 fast en-route stations and 66 depot locations. features.csv — complete station-level feature tables (simulation-derived, local open-data, and route-based groups). labels_fast.csv / labels_depot.csv — demand-profile archetype labels with assignment stability. medoids_fast.csv / medoids_depot.csv — representative 24-hour profile per archetype. features_per_run.csv — per-run daily aggregates for the fast stations. README.md — column definitions, units, and provenance for the files above. All new files are station-level aggregates keyed by anonymous station IDs; the release contains no per-event records, no link-level volumes, and no station coordinates. Base dataset Hourly charging demand profiles (normalized and scaled to MW), percentile bands, and battery-capacity breakdowns for public fast and depot charging, aggregated over the 79 runs. Python plotting scripts. Version history v1.2.0 — station-level supplement for the VPPC 2026 paper; run-count correction (79 usable runs). v1.1.0 — depot profiles regenerated with LP-optimised scheduling using empirical stop-time distributions from TRV survey data, in connection with a revision of the journal article. v1.0.0 — initial release. Companion papers M. Ingelström, A. Callanan, F. J. Márquez-Fernández, “Investigating the Impact of Public En-Route and Depot Charging for Electric Heavy-Duty Trucks Using Agent-Based Transport Simulation and Probabilistic Grid Modeling,” World Electric Vehicle Journal, 17(4):172, 2026. doi:10.3390/wevj17040172 M. Ingelström, E. Strömberg, F. J. Márquez-Fernández, “A Clustering and Classification Framework for Heavy-Duty Truck Charging Demand Profiles,” IEEE VPPC 2026, to appear.", "keywords": [ "Depot", "Truck", "Percentile", "USable", "Python (programming language)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21701219" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2796126237", "doi": null, "title": "[City workers standing in front of the old MKT and Texas & Pacific Depot]", "year": 1970, "publication_date": "1970-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Denton" ], "first_author": "Denton", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Photograph of workers who have been cleaning out the old power plant station in Denton, Texas and are transferring items to freight cars. Workers stand between two trucks. Cars are parked around the lot. The old MKT and Texas & Pacific Depot is in the background right. The depot was built in 1881 and the office was closed in 1983. The building was torn down in 1999.", "keywords": [ "Depot", "Front (military)", "Truck", "Geography", "Engineering", "Archaeology", "Meteorology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth833945/m1/1/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4206208524", "doi": "10.11361/journalcpij.29.73", "title": "A Cooperative Delivery Depot that Reduces and Smooths Goods Distribution in Urban Areas", "year": 1994, "publication_date": "1994-10-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ying Ping Deng", "Kunimichi Takada", "Tsukasa Michiyoshi" ], "first_author": "Ying Ping Deng", "venue": "Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan", "publisher": null, "abstract": "THIS PAPER FOCUSES ON GOODS DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO THE CO2 EMISSION AND IS ONE OF THE CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING. IT ALSO INVESTIGATES HOW TO MAKE A GOODS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN URBAN AREAS, WHICH HAS A LOWER CO2 EMISSION LEVEL, AND AIMS AT ESTABLISHING A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM CAPABLE OF REDUCING CO2 EMISSION. FOR THIS SYSTEM WE PROPOSE A COOPERATIVE DELIVERY DEPOT, REDUCING TRUCK VOLUMES AND LENGTH OF DISTANCE, AND AN EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF GOODS IN URBAN AREAS.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Depot", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Environmental science", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/journalcpij/29/0/29_73/_pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2993537214", "doi": null, "title": "Truck-tractor drawing a trailer - one or two motor vehicles?", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-02-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Dirk Lambrechts" ], "first_author": "Dirk Lambrechts", "venue": "Servamus online duty/Servamus", "publisher": null, "abstract": "A reader sketches the following scenario followed by a question:“A truck driver regularly picks up loaded trailers at one depot and drops them at other depots, while only using one “horse” (“truck-tractor”) of which he is the owner. On a specific day he is pulled over by the police who examine the combination (“horse and trailer”) and inform him that the semi-trailer is stolen. The driver has a reasonable explanation for how and why he came into possession of the trailer and has paperwork for the load. Should only the trailer be impounded by the police for further investigation or must the driver be arrested and the entire combination be impounded?”", "keywords": [ "Trailer", "Truck", "Tractor", "Possession (linguistics)", "Automotive engineering", "Aeronautics", "Engineering", "Transport engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://journals.co.za/content/journal/10520/EJC-4fb1379aa" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1566611511", "doi": null, "title": "On yard space allocation for export and import containers", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Meiling Feng", "Wenying Yue", "Junqing Sun" ], "first_author": "Meiling Feng", "venue": "Chinese Control Conference", "publisher": null, "abstract": "In this paper the yard space allocation problem of container terminals is addressed. Firstly a mixed integer model which is applied to allocate depot space for export and import containers is established. The model aims to determine the storage bay for the arriving containers with the objective of minimizing the moving distance of trucks and balancing the workload of gantry cranes in the different yard area of the front/rear yard. Considering facilitating the practical operation of the yard, buffer zones are respectively established in the front and rear yard in order to accelerate the loading /unloading operation for vessels and improve the utilization of storage space. Then the optimization software lingo is employed to solve a simulating data case of the problem. The result shows that the method proposed in this paper can not only minimize the total travelling distance of container trucks in the terminal, but also guarantee balancing the workload of gantry cranes in the different yard area of the front/rear yard.", "keywords": [ "Yard", "Truck", "Container (type theory)", "Workload", "Computer science", "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Engineering", "Simulation", "Automotive engineering", "Computer network", "Operating system" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.ieee-000006001358" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128795545", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18631296", "title": "mattiasingelstrom/hd-ev-charging-profiles: v1.2.0 — Empirical depot stop-time distributions", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-30", "type": "software", "language": null, "authors": [ "Mattias Ingelström", "Elina Strömberg" ], "first_author": "Mattias Ingelström", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "Reproducibility package for charging demand profiles of heavy-duty electric trucks in the Skåne region of southern Sweden, produced by an agent-based MATSim transport simulation of a fully electrified long-haul fleet. Of the 83 simulated iterations, ITER7–ITER10 are excluded due to a truncated vehicle population, leaving 79 usable runs (earlier release notes saying “78 usable” or “iterations 5–9 excluded” were miscounts). New in v1.2.0 Station-level data supporting the companion conference paper (IEEE VPPC 2026): station_profiles_fast.csv / station_profiles_depot.csv — hourly profile statistics (mean, P10, P90 over the 79 runs) for the 23 fast en-route stations and 66 depot locations. features.csv — complete station-level feature tables (simulation-derived, local open-data, and route-based groups). labels_fast.csv / labels_depot.csv — demand-profile archetype labels with assignment stability. medoids_fast.csv / medoids_depot.csv — representative 24-hour profile per archetype. features_per_run.csv — per-run daily aggregates for the fast stations. README.md — column definitions, units, and provenance for the files above. All new files are station-level aggregates keyed by anonymous station IDs; the release contains no per-event records, no link-level volumes, and no station coordinates. Base dataset Hourly charging demand profiles (normalized and scaled to MW), percentile bands, and battery-capacity breakdowns for public fast and depot charging, aggregated over the 79 runs. Python plotting scripts. Version history v1.2.0 — station-level supplement for the VPPC 2026 paper; run-count correction (79 usable runs). v1.1.0 — depot profiles regenerated with LP-optimised scheduling using empirical stop-time distributions from TRV survey data, in connection with a revision of the journal article. v1.0.0 — initial release. Companion papers M. Ingelström, A. Callanan, F. J. Márquez-Fernández, “Investigating the Impact of Public En-Route and Depot Charging for Electric Heavy-Duty Trucks Using Agent-Based Transport Simulation and Probabilistic Grid Modeling,” World Electric Vehicle Journal, 17(4):172, 2026. doi:10.3390/wevj17040172 M. Ingelström, E. Strömberg, F. J. Márquez-Fernández, “A Clustering and Classification Framework for Heavy-Duty Truck Charging Demand Profiles,” IEEE VPPC 2026, to appear.", "keywords": [ "Python (programming language)", "Truck", "Percentile", "Scripting language", "Public transport", "Peak demand", "Travel time" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18631296" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2943573100", "doi": null, "title": "STREET WASHING TRUCK ROUTING WITH INTERMEDIATE REFILL FACILITIES", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-01-03", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ching‐Jung Ting", "Han-Shiuan Tsai" ], "first_author": "Ching‐Jung Ting", "venue": "International journal of industrial engineering", "publisher": "University of Texas at El Paso", "abstract": "The capacitated arc routing problem (CARP) is to determine a set of tours that traverse a set of required arcs with capacitated limitation on vehicles. There are many practical applications for variants of the CARP, including street washing and snow removal. The aim of this paper is to discuss the street washing truck routing problem with intermediate refill points (SW R PIR), a variant of the capacitated arc routing problem. Routes for street washing trucks are normally planned in advance and must be designed to take into account the vehicle capacity. Street washing vehicles could refill water at intermediate refill points without going back to the depot to save time. Due to that SWRPIR is an NP-hard problem, we proposed an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm to solve the problem. The ACO is tested with benchmark instances and real world cases. The results indicate that our ACO is competitive in benchmark instances with compared algorithms and can reduce the total distance for the washing vehicles for real world cases.", "keywords": [ "Arc routing", "Truck", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Ant colony optimization algorithms", "Vehicle routing problem", "Set (abstract data type)", "Traverse", "Engineering", "Computer network", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journals.sfu.ca/ijietap/index.php/ijie/article/view/3700" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2747598641", "doi": "10.24200/sci.2016.3856", "title": "Modeling of location-distribution considering customers with different priorities by a lexicographic approach", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-04-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mahdi Bashiri", "Hamid Hasanzadeh" ], "first_author": "Mahdi Bashiri", "venue": "Scientia Iranica", "publisher": "Sharif University of Technology", "abstract": "In this paper a multi-echelon location-distribution problem is modeled considering customer priorities.A lexicographic approach is implemented to determine the most preferred distribution path according to the customers’ priorities.Predetermined number of trucks moved from depots and satellitesis considered in the proposed model. The results show that the proposed approach can better consider the customers with different priorities while more important customers will have less total costs compared tothe classic approach. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis has been donefor discovering of related parameters effects in the model.", "keywords": [ "Lexicographical order", "Truck", "Sensitivity (control systems)", "Computer science", "Path (computing)", "Operations research", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Location model", "Mathematical optimization", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3856_e3fdc708c0eee4e34d288430708f2d2c.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W574281534", "doi": null, "title": "TRAVEL TIME VARIABILITY AS A NEW QUALITY INDICATOR", "year": 1996, "publication_date": "1996-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Phj Van Der Mede", "Henri Palm", "H Flikkema" ], "first_author": "Phj Van Der Mede", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The effect of traffic management measures may be improvement of travel time reliability. Reliability may be increased by a reduction of travel time but also by a reduction of travel time variability. Travel time variability incorporates both travel time delays and uncertainty in travel time. It may be expected that objectively measured travel time variability differs from the subjective experience and expectations of this variability. Furthermore, traffic information may influence the experience of travel time variability without influencing the objective travel time variability. To arrive at a tool suited to assess changes in travel time variability on a national scale, Goudappel Coffeng carried out a study for the Dutch Ministry of Transport. In this study travel time variability is operationalised from both an objective and subjective point of view. Objectively measured variations in travel time and subjective experience and expectations of travel time variability in trips are measured. This is done for trips by cars and trucks from door-to-door. Different data collection techniques are used (a driver panel study using trip-diaries, black-box data from trucks and questionnaires). For the covering abstract, see IRRD 889965.", "keywords": [ "Travel time", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Transport engineering", "Ministry of Transport", "TRIPS architecture", "Kilometer", "Data collection", "Scale (ratio)", "Truck", "Travel behavior", "Statistics", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/575148" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4360860538", "doi": "10.3390/su15075638", "title": "A Branch and Price Algorithm for the Drop-and-Pickup Container Drayage Problem with Empty Container Constraints", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-03-23", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yujian Song", "Yuting Zhang", "Wanli Wang", "Ming Xue" ], "first_author": "Yujian Song", "venue": "Sustainability", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "This paper addresses the drop-and-pickup container drayage problem with empty container constraints. In this problem, a truck is allowed to drop off the container at the customer and then leave. After the container has been packed/unpacked, the truck returns to pick it up. The problem is further complicated by the fact that empty containers at the depot are often limited in number. This container drayage problem is of great practical importance but seldom investigated. In this paper, we first formulate the problem as a directed graph and then mathematically model it as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) with the objective of minimizing total travel costs. To solve the MILP effectively, we devise a branch and price algorithm that incorporates several performance enhancement strategies, including three versions of the bi-directional label setting algorithm, preprocessing of time windows and a heuristic for high-quality upper bounds. The experimental results indicate that (1) the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms CPLEX in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, (2) an average cost saving of 9.95∼12.25% can be achieved from the drop-and-pickup mode and (3) the benefit of drop-and-pickup mode increases when the customer density and the fixed cost increase.", "keywords": [ "Pickup", "Container (type theory)", "Truck", "Mathematical optimization", "Preprocessor", "Computer science", "Heuristic", "Algorithm", "Drop (telecommunication)", "Mathematics", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/7/5638/pdf?version=1679567002" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4238202791", "doi": "10.1016/s1464-2859(08)70335-3", "title": "CTC to integrate Hydrogenics units into Crown lift trucks for DoD", "year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [], "first_author": null, "venue": "Fuel Cells Bulletin", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "Canadian-based Hydrogenics has been awarded a contract by Concurrent Technologies Corporation (CTC) in Pennsylvania to supply 20 Fuel Cell Power Packs for integration into Crown lift trucks to be deployed at the Defense Distribution Depot Warner Robins Georgia (DDWG).", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Engineering", "Lift (data mining)", "Aeronautics", "Automotive engineering", "Transport engineering", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1464-2859(08)70335-3" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4210669318", "doi": "10.1109/icmt53429.2021.9687142", "title": "The Control of the Metering Valve for the Petroleum Depot Based on the Trapezoidal Flow Rate Algorithm", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-12-18", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hoang Vinh Nguyen", "Phan Minh Quang Tran", "Thanh Luan Bui" ], "first_author": "Hoang Vinh Nguyen", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Automating the control of petrol depots for tank trucks is a requirement today. The automation system will reduce manual operations, improve productivity and avoid operator errors. In this paper, an algorithm to control the metering valve for petroleum depots outputting tank trucks based on the trapezoidal flow rate algorithm is introduced. To implement the control algorithm, the paper also proposes a solution to automatically control the pump, control the valve, receive feedback on temperature and the actual number of liters output. This control algorithm has been tested and applied in practice at the western petroleum depot at Tra Noc Industrial Park, Can Tho city, Vietnam. This algorithm has worked well and helped the petrol depot for tank trucks to be more flexible, convenient, and accurate.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Metering mode", "Automation", "Engineering", "Control valves", "Depot", "Petroleum", "Control (management)", "Algorithm", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering", "Control engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/icmt53429.2021.9687142" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7167892715", "doi": "10.3390/logistics10070157", "title": "Techno-Economic Optimization and Life Cycle Assessment of Heavy-Duty Truck Electrification for Regional Logistics", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-10", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Leon Döhler", "Alexander Grahle", "Michael Görges", "Marius Held", "Volkmar Lüthen", "Diego Fadranski", "Dietmar Göhlich" ], "first_author": "Leon Döhler", "venue": "Logistics", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Background: Road transport accounts for 73% of transport-related greenhouse gas emissions within the EU, 27% of which are attributable to heavy-duty vehicles. In order to reduce emissions in the area of heavy-duty commercial vehicles, electrifying the fleet offers a perspective. As part of a cooperation between TU Berlin, Siemens and BLG Logistics within the Mobility2Grid research campus, an analysis was carried out to determine how an exemplary BLG depot for regional logistics transport with six diesel trucks can be converted to battery–electric trucks. Methods: This analysis was conducted under a fixed depot schedule with defined dwell times and charging opportunities, with the aim of developing practical recommendations for the acquisition of suitable vehicles and infrastructure. To this end, simulations were carried out using the eFlips consumption and depot simulation software developed at TU Berlin. Results and Conclusions The results show that electrification for regional logistics transport can already be fully implemented with the current state of the art technology and that neither very large batteries nor very high charging powers are required for technically feasible and economically balanced operation. Notably, the cost-optimal battery capacities identified (approximately 200–230 kWh) are currently smaller than those of commercially available 40 t electric trucks, revealing a gap between the model-optimal configuration and present market offerings. Based on the identified optimal configuration, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of fleet electrification. Over a 10-year lifetime, the battery–electric fleet reduces cumulative greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 53% compared to the diesel baseline, with operational-phase savings clearly outweighing higher production-related emissions. The combined techno-economic and environmental assessment provides a structured decision basis for depot-centered fleet electrification.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Electrification", "Greenhouse gas", "Schedule", "Life-cycle assessment", "Diesel fuel", "Fuel efficiency", "Electricity", "Consumption (sociology)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10070157" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7160919665", "doi": "10.1121/10.0040570", "title": "Groundborne vibration isolation of a recycling depot to protect sensitive laboratory equipment", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-01", "type": "conference-abstract", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Brian Howe", "Wilson Byrick" ], "first_author": "Brian Howe", "venue": "The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America", "publisher": "Acoustical Society of America", "abstract": "A post-secondary institution conducting medical research was operating a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer installed on grade in an early-20th-century building, located immediately adjacent to the university’s recycling depot. Groundborne vibration generated by trucks dropping large recycling containers onto the concrete surface caused periodic disruptions to the imaging research. To enable uninterrupted operation of the NMR, a fourfold reduction in vibration amplitude was required at a critical frequency of 16 Hz. To address this, a novel vibration isolation platform was developed to support the recycling containers and mitigate vibration transmission associated with their movement and placement. This paper presents the field vibration data collected from the mock-up phase through to final implementation, outlines the design concepts behind the platform, and shares key lessons learned during the process.", "keywords": [ "Vibration isolation", "Vibration", "Truck", "Shaker", "Isolation (microbiology)", "Transmission (telecommunications)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0040570" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2981526498", "doi": "10.1109/icmsao.2019.8880352", "title": "Genetic Algorithm for a Stochastic Programming Model of the Green Household Waste Transportation Problem", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-04-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Haifa Jammeli", "Majdi Argoubi", "Hatem Masri" ], "first_author": "Haifa Jammeli", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The main objective of this paper is to develop a new model for the Green Household Waste Transportation Problem in the city of Sousse, in which several vehicles located at the depot are used to collect waste from many bins and bring them back to the depot. The suggested model is a mono-objective stochastic program that minimizes transportation cost subject to some technical, economical and ecological constraints. To solve this issue, we used genetic algorithm for the certainty equivalent program. A real case study is applied for the municipality of Sousse. Our results indicate that this algorithm proved to be accomplishing on solving vehicle routing problem with 734-location bin nodes. The model ameliorated significantly the total cost roads by all the trucks distance on all results in the practice (the cost obtained using GA reduces by 29 % compared to the previous solution).The final result of our case study determine that substantial time/cost/energy savings can attain by using the proposed model and solution method.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Genetic algorithm", "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Total cost", "Transportation theory", "Mathematical optimization", "Operations research", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/icmsao.2019.8880352" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2187705180", "doi": null, "title": "Modeling and Optimal Solution of Open Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (Ocvrp) in Garbage Transportation in Kecamatan Seberang Ulu I Kota Palembang (Peer Review)", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Irmeilyana Irmeilyana", "Fitri Maya Puspita", "Indrawati Indrawati", "Amrina Rizta" ], "first_author": "Irmeilyana Irmeilyana", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Garbage transportation system in Palembang (Irmeilyana et al., 2007) usually been done in many phases. Garbage collected from homes usually been collected to the nearest temporary garbage collection place (TPS). This garbage will be delivered to final garbage collection place (TPA). This system divides into working area (WK). The garbage truck, in this case, does not go back to the depot (TPA) after accomplishing its job. The driver usually takes the truck with him. This happens since it is more efficient to bring the truck home and the route will be simpler. In this problem, we deal with open capacitated vehicle routing problem (OCVRP). In this paper, all OCVRPs obtain its initial integer solution so we cannot apply branch and cut algorithm. But for symmetric capacitated vehicle routing problem (SCVRP) the optimal solution yields non integer solution so we have to apply branch and cut algorithm. In Kecamatan Seberang Ulu I, all of initial optimal solution yield integer solution, but this solution is not valid so we have to add new constraints (adding constraints) to obtain valid optimal solution.", "keywords": [ "Garbage collection", "Vehicle routing problem", "Garbage", "Truck", "Integer programming", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Integer (computer science)", "Mathematical optimization", "Mathematics", "Engineering", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://repository.unsri.ac.id/29243/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2566344592", "doi": null, "title": "Night-Time delivery as a potential option in Belgian urban distribution: a stakeholder approach", "year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sara Verlinde", "Cathy Macharis", "Wanda Debauche", "Annelies Heemeryck", "Ellen Van Hoeck", "Frank Witlox" ], "first_author": "Sara Verlinde", "venue": "VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)", "publisher": "Vrije Universiteit Brussel", "abstract": "This paper investigates the public support for night-time delivery in Belgian cities. Encouraging, or even imposing night-time deliveries are possible measures for governments in order that urban traffic does not get jammed completely and that goods still can be delivered efficiently. But there are also some downsides to delivering at night such as noise nuisance caused by loading and unloading trucks, the need for an increased availability of the receiver and some liability issues. Therefore assessing the attitude of all stakeholders involved towards shifting urban deliveries to the off-peak hours is useful in order for the policy-makers to decide what position to take in respect to night deliveries. This paper presents the multi-actor multi-criteria analysis (MAMCA) (Macharis, 2004) as the appropriate tool for measuring public support for night-time delivery in urban surroundings as it enables to incorporate the views of different stakeholders, in this case the receiver, the transport sector, society as a whole and the employee, and their criteria. These stakeholders were interviewed on their attitude towards five different scenarios in which the time periods for deliveries and/or the accompanying measures differ. The findings suggest that the public support for an overall implementation of night-time deliveries is rather low. But at the same time, the research shows there is some room for implementation in Belgian cities, but only if the time period, the type of business and the accompanying measures are carefully selected.", "keywords": [ "Order (exchange)", "Stakeholder", "Liability", "Truck", "Business", "Position (finance)", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Finance", "Public relations", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 6, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/nighttime-delivery-as-a-potential-option-in-belgian-urban-distribution-a-stakeholder-approach(13efa442-b7c6-44fe-a9ae-5afd6381b5d4).html" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4405088511", "doi": "10.36227/techrxiv.173337325.51455942/v1", "title": "A brief market analysis of available electric powertrains for vocational trucks", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-12-04", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ezazul Haque Sabuz" ], "first_author": "Ezazul Haque Sabuz", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Of all the vehicles on the road, medium and heavy-duty trucks and buses are largely to blame for fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Despite making up less than 5% of all operating vehicles in the US, they are driven more miles on average and use a lot more fuel per mile than passenger cars. These heavy and medium-duty vehicles include tractor-trailers, vocational vehicles, buses, and heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans. Although they make up only a small portion of the operating vehicles, these vehicles are responsible for 32% of emissions of NOx [1]. NOx is a dangerous chemical that reacts in the atmosphere to produce air toxics, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and ground-level ozone, also known as smog. Furthermore, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles released 456.6 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in 2019, which accounts for approximately 25% of the transportation sector’s overall CO 2 emissions in the United States [1]. Out of all heavy-duty trucks, only 10% need to have an operating range of more than 500 miles, while approximately 70% only need to be within 100 miles. Vocational trucks make up a major portion of these short-distance vehicles. Additionally, these trucks have fixed routes, regular shift schedules, and a propensity to operate out of a single depot. As a result, they make excellent candidates for electrification. In order to recharge, short-haul trucks frequently spend lengthy and regular off-shift dwell times—typically overnight—at a central location like a depot, warehouse, or vehicle yard. Therefore, it is not anticipated that these vehicles will be dependent on a vast network of high-power public charging infrastructure. Fleets should ideally handle all charging at their depots, where it is easy to control, inexpensive, and convenient. As short-haul vocational trucking is gaining popularity for electrification, it is important to understand the trend in terms of powertrain application, battery usage, mileage, and adoption of the newest technology. This study analyzed the electric vocational trucks ranging from class 6 to class 8.", "keywords": [ "Powertrain", "Truck", "Vocational education", "Business", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering", "Economics", "Physics", "Economic growth" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.173337325.51455942/v1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7164644726", "doi": "10.1016/j.energy.2026.141609", "title": "Comparative optimization of replenishment modes for electric freight depots with on-site solar power", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chunlan Zhao", "Zhuoqian Yang", "Ke Han" ], "first_author": "Chunlan Zhao", "venue": "Energy", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Photovoltaic system", "Electrification", "Electricity", "Energy storage", "Battery (electricity)", "Electric vehicle", "Electricity price", "Scheduling (production processes)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2026.141609" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128719878", "doi": "10.26180/4670446", "title": "Increased transport efficiency using shared depots and transfers for collaborative freight", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": null, "authors": [ "Richard Adam Kelly" ], "first_author": "Richard Adam Kelly", "venue": "Monash University", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This thesis focuses on transport efficiency in supply chains. Transport is a major cost especially in Australia and has a significant impact on the environment. Transport efficiency can be improved by optimisation of routing and scheduling in a supply chain or by integrating components of different supply chains. This thesis addresses both forms of transport efficiency. A core driver of the research is the introduction of shared depots that allow multiple logistics companies to combine resources. By designing improved vehicle routes to effectively use these shared depots a sharp reduction in the number of truck kilometres can be achieved. The two optimisation problems have never been addressed in an integrated way. Typically depot placement is performed before vehicle routing for a single supply chain. Finding solutions to both optimisation problems in an integrated way is a novel challenge because the techniques for depot placement and vehicle routing techniques are very different.", "keywords": [ "Supply chain", "Vehicle routing problem", "Truck", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Supply chain management", "Economic efficiency", "Core (optical fiber)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.26180/4670446" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128504326", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6211648", "title": "LIFT: A User-friendly and Scalable Technoeconomic Energy System Simulation Tool for Fleet and Depot Electrification", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Anna Paper", "Brian Dietermann", "Philipp Rosner", "Fabian Mayer", "Markus Lienkamp" ], "first_author": "Anna Paper", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Electrification", "Truck", "Depot", "Status quo", "Scalability", "Energy consumption", "Greenhouse gas" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6211648" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2590111849", "doi": "10.4225/03/58abcc34e5a0b", "title": "Increased transport efficiency using shared depots and transfers for collaborative freight", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Richard Adam Kelly" ], "first_author": "Richard Adam Kelly", "venue": "Figshare", "publisher": "Figshare (United Kingdom)", "abstract": "This thesis focuses on transport efficiency in supply chains. Transport is a major cost especially in Australia and has a significant impact on the environment. Transport efficiency can be improved by optimisation of routing and scheduling in a supply chain or by integrating components of different supply chains. This thesis addresses both forms of transport efficiency. A core driver of the research is the introduction of shared depots that allow multiple logistics companies to combine resources. By designing improved vehicle routes to effectively use these shared depots a sharp reduction in the number of truck kilometres can be achieved. The two optimisation problems have never been addressed in an integrated way. Typically depot placement is performed before vehicle routing for a single supply chain. Finding solutions to both optimisation problems in an integrated way is a novel challenge because the techniques for depot placement and vehicle routing techniques are very different.", "keywords": [ "Supply chain", "Vehicle routing problem", "Truck", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Transport engineering", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Operations research", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Business", "Automotive engineering", "Operations management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4225/03/58abcc34e5a0b" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2487389137", "doi": "10.1007/978-1-349-01182-7_5", "title": "Automotive Diesel Engines", "year": 1971, "publication_date": "1971-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "W. G. Westwell" ], "first_author": "W. G. Westwell", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The prime advantage of the diesel engine is fuel economy. The average diesel powered road transport vehicle will return better than 33% improved fuel economy over an equivalent gasoline powered truck. This, coupled with greater reliability, is the main attraction for the compression ignition engine. The economies vary according to the fuel taxation policies of various countries. Even where the cost of diesel fuel is almost identical to that of gasoline, there is still substantial cost saving to be made in operating diesel powered trucks. Typical performance curves are shown in Fig.1. An additional advantage is the reduced fire risk, not only to the vehicle itself but to fuel storage facilities at truck depots where the precautions necessary are not so stringent as those for storing gasoline.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Diesel fuel", "Automotive engineering", "Gasoline", "Petrol engine", "Carbureted compression ignition model engine", "Automotive industry", "Environmental science", "Waste management", "Engineering", "Diesel cycle", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01182-7_5" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7168037584", "doi": "10.1016/j.softx.2026.102843", "title": "LIFT: A user-friendly and scalable technoeconomic energy system simulation tool for fleet and depot electrification", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-11", "type": "software-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Anna Paper", "Brian Dietermann", "Philipp Rosner", "Fabian Mayer", "Markus Lienkamp" ], "first_author": "Anna Paper", "venue": "SoftwareX", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "Fleet electrification is essential for achieving the European Union’s heavy-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, aiming for a 90% reduction by 2040 compared to 2019. However, the transition from internal combustion engine to battery electric trucks often requires adapting both fleet and depot infrastructure, presenting significant economic challenges for logistics companies. Logistics Infrastructure and Fleet Transformation (LIFT) is an open-source Python tool supporting planning for heavy-duty vehicle fleet electrification and the depot energy system’s accompanying upgrade. Through a web-based graphical user interface, users define both the status quo of fleet and depot, as well as an electrification/expansion scenario. An energy system simulation backend then calculates key techno-economic KPIs for both scenarios and compares them, enabling quick insights into the effects of intended measures and allowing for preliminary expansion planning of the depot extension to be derived. Optional direct access to the backend ensures scalability. This publication presents both LIFT’s setup and its application in three illustrative hypothetical freight forwarding depot electrification examples.", "keywords": [ "Electrification", "Truck", "Depot", "Scalability", "Status quo", "Python (programming language)", "Greenhouse gas", "Performance indicator" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352711026003353/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2507016876", "doi": "10.1021/ba-1960-0025.ch006", "title": "Functional Aspects of Hydrocolloids in Controlling Crystal Structure in Foods", "year": 1960, "publication_date": "1960-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nat H. Nash" ], "first_author": "Nat H. Nash", "venue": "Advances in chemistry series", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "abstract": "F ood processors have become increasingly conscious of the factors that influence the popular acceptance of their products in line with changing consumer tastes and preferences. The methods of processing, distribution, storage, and merchandising of foods have changed considerably in the past two decades. The American housewife is ready to accept \"easy to prepare\" foods and factory-packaged processed foods, which she previously made at home. She has storage facilities available at home, which results in less frequent shopping tours. Many characteristics such as flavor, color, texture, density, separation properties, and shelf life exert a profound influence on consumer acceptance. Many carefully processed foods must travel a long path before reaching the consumer's table and must still retain their original goodness. Many foods are processed, then stored in warehouses, coolers, or freezers; shipped in trailers to distributing depots; again stored and then trucked to retailers. Here the product is stored in", "keywords": [ "Housewife", "Business", "Product (mathematics)", "Consumer demand", "Factory (object-oriented programming)", "Marketing", "Advertising", "Computer science", "Mathematics", "Economics", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 5, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ba-1960-0025.ch006" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128705592", "doi": "10.26180/4670446.v1", "title": "Increased transport efficiency using shared depots and transfers for collaborative freight", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": null, "authors": [ "Richard Adam Kelly" ], "first_author": "Richard Adam Kelly", "venue": "Monash University", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This thesis focuses on transport efficiency in supply chains. Transport is a major cost especially in Australia and has a significant impact on the environment. Transport efficiency can be improved by optimisation of routing and scheduling in a supply chain or by integrating components of different supply chains. This thesis addresses both forms of transport efficiency. A core driver of the research is the introduction of shared depots that allow multiple logistics companies to combine resources. By designing improved vehicle routes to effectively use these shared depots a sharp reduction in the number of truck kilometres can be achieved. The two optimisation problems have never been addressed in an integrated way. Typically depot placement is performed before vehicle routing for a single supply chain. Finding solutions to both optimisation problems in an integrated way is a novel challenge because the techniques for depot placement and vehicle routing techniques are very different.", "keywords": [ "Supply chain", "Vehicle routing problem", "Truck", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Supply chain management", "Economic efficiency", "Core (optical fiber)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.26180/4670446.v1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7160332306", "doi": "10.1016/j.trip.2026.102019", "title": "Experiences, Drivers, and barriers of Zero-Emission Trucks: Lessons learned from Norway", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Simen Rostad Sæther", "Daniel Ruben Pinchasik", "Erik Figenbaum", "Hampus Karlsson" ], "first_author": "Simen Rostad Sæther", "venue": "Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "• Experiences of early adopters of zero-emission trucks in Norway analysed. • Operational challenges and strategies for zero-emission trucks investigated. • Cost and price premium analysis of battery-electric versus diesel trucks. • Insights for policy-makers for accelerating zero-emission truck adoption. This article examines the structural conditions, experiences, and decision-making processes of early adopters of zero-emission trucks (ZETs), particularly battery-electric trucks (BETs), in Norway. The study showcases the early stages of the ZET transition, its progress, and implications for future adoption and policy. It combines insights from interviews with early adopters, industry stakeholders, authorities, and leasing and financing actors, alongside quantitative analyses of price and cost premium developments for BETs versus diesel trucks (DTs) from 2021 to 2024. The analysis reveals that BET adoption is primarily driven by larger firms pursuing strategic objectives, reinforced by procurement requirements and customer expectations. Although BET prices have declined, with price ratios falling from up to 3.2 in 2021 to 2.0–2.6 by 2023–2024, BETs remain significantly more expensive than DTs, partially offset by improved vehicle specifications. Profitability depends heavily on operational and charging setup, with depot-based slow charging generally preferred, while many current setups remain unprofitable, particularly for smaller operators. Infrastructure emerges as a critical barrier, as insufficient charging availability at depots and along transport corridors limits operational flexibility, compounded by grid constraints, permitting delays, and site availability. Policy measures including investment subsidies, toll exemptions, and favourable procurement frameworks have been instrumental in enabling early adoption, but stakeholders stress the need for more coordinated and predictable long-term policymaking to meet ambitious climate targets. Broader adoption further depends on increased willingness to pay among transport buyers. The findings provide new insights into experiences, barriers, drivers, and policy considerations for accelerating zero-emission trucking in Norway and beyond.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Procurement", "Profitability index", "Early adopter", "Investment (military)", "Toll", "Offset (computer science)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2026.102019" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4410035551", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-83611-4_14", "title": "Modified Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Drone and Truck Routing Problem", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "İlayda Aral", "Ömer Özkan", "Damla Kızılay" ], "first_author": "İlayda Aral", "venue": "Lecture notes in mechanical engineering", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Simulated annealing", "Drone", "Truck", "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Algorithm", "Environmental science", "Mathematical optimization", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83611-4_14" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4394054432", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.1487844", "title": "Problem instances for integrated truck and workforce scheduling problem", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-11-14", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Giorgi Tadumadze", "Nils Boysen", "Simon Emde", "Felix Weidinger" ], "first_author": "Giorgi Tadumadze", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "We randomly generated in total 500 problem instances for the integrated truck and workforce scheduling (ITWS) problem which is proposed in the article \"Tadumadze, G., Boysen, N., Emde, S., and Weidinger, F. (2019): Integrated truck and workforce scheduling to accelerate the unloading of trucks. European Journal of Operational Research, 278(1), 343-362, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.04.024\". The problem instances are generated for two representative truck scheduling settings: distribution center (ITWS-DC) cross-docking terminal (ITWS-CD). The instance size is defined by the number of dock doors for inbound operations |D|, the number of inbound trucks |J| (and the number of outbound trucks |O| for the ITWS-CD setting) and they are dubbed as follows: XS: |D| = 5; |J| = 20; (|O| = 5) S: |D|= 15; |J| = 50; (|O| = 15) M: |D|= 25; |J| = 100; (|O| = 25) L: |D|= 50; |J| = 200; (|O| = 50) For each setting the instances are divided in sets \"computational study\" and \"managerial insights\". For each setting, the dataset \"computational study\" is divided into two parts (“part 1” and “part 2”) consisting of 80 and 60 instances which vary in problem size (XS, S, M and L) and the expected relative width of the trucks' time windows (Ω_{max}). The dataset \"managerial insights\" consists of problem instances that vary in acceleration effect of trucks' processing times by additional logistics workers (κ) and scenarios of the workforce size |W|. The notations for the workforce scenario have following meanings: plentiful workforce: |W|=2 ⋅ |D| scarce workforce |W|=|D|. For each setting (i.e., ITWS-DC and ITWS-CD) subset “part 1” of \"managerial insights\" contains 100 instances (50 with scarce workforce scenario and 50 with plentifull workforce scenario) and “part 2” - 10 instances. The instances are labeled according to the following naming convention: \"[problem]_[setting]_[size]_[Ω_{max}]_[κ]_[ID]\" where ID is a running index of instance of the same parameter constellation. As instances in “part 1” of the dataset “managerial insights” vary in workforce scenarios the instance names are extended by [scenario] from ahead so that following naming convention is applied: \"[scenario]_[problem]_[setting]_[size]_[ Ω_{max}]_[κ]_[ID]\". For detailed instance generation scheme see Section 4.1 of the above mentioned work. The file for the problem ITWS-DC are structured as follows: |J| = ; T = ; K_j = ; |W| = ; |D| = ; rho_{jk} = <|J|*K_{max} matrix (with K_max=max_{j∈J}{K_j}): each entry in k-th column and j-th row corresponds to the processing time of truck j if it is unloaded by k logistics workers (the elements in k-th column and j-th row where k ; a_j = ; d_j = ; alpha_j = ; beta_j = ; gamma_j = ; delta_j = ; The file for the problem ITWS-CD are extended by following additional parameters: |O| = ; FI_{jo} = <|J|*|O| matrix: each entry in o-th column and j-th row corresponds to the weight, of a shipment delivered by inbound truck j dedicated to outbound truck o>; dep_o = vector with |O| elements: the o-th element corresponds to the departure time for outbound truck o>; fi_{go} = <|D|*|O| matrix: each entry in o-th column and g-th row corresponds to the transfer time for moving goods from dock g to outbound truck o>;", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Workforce", "Computer science", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Operations research", "Operations management", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1487844" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163700132", "doi": "10.1016/j.trpro.2026.04.022", "title": "Reliability Based-model for Optimizing Routing of Truck-drone Delivery System", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ahmed Ghaithan", "Awsan Moahmmed", "Ahmed M. Attia", "Mohamed Noomane Darghouth" ], "first_author": "Ahmed Ghaithan", "venue": "Transportation research procedia", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "This study develops a reliability-based optimization model for routing of truck-drone delivery systems, where trucks transport goods from a central warehouse to depots and drones perform last-mile deliveries. Drone failures are modeled as exponentially distributed events that may result in partial or complete loss of customer demand. An optimization model is formulated to identify feasible routes that minimize expected demand loss and optimizes truck depot assignments to ensure overall system reliability. A demonstrated example with two depots, three drones, two trucks, and six customers was conducted. Initially, 41 feasible paths were evaluated. Then, three paths were determined with a minimum expected loss of 0.1999, with a total travel time of 50.207 minutes. When optimizing for travel time, only one depot was selected to serve all the six customers using two drones, yielding a total travel time of 46.55 minutes and an expected loss of 0.2179. The results demonstrate that considering reliability of the delivery system significantly influence the routing decisions.", "keywords": [ "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Truck", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Travel time", "Depot" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2026.04.022" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4391305417", "doi": "10.3390/math12030416", "title": "A Matheuristic Approach for the Multi-Depot Periodic Petrol Station Replenishment Problem", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-27", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Pasquale Carotenuto", "Stefano Giordani", "Alessio Salvatore" ], "first_author": "Pasquale Carotenuto", "venue": "Mathematics", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Planning petrol station replenishment is an important logistics activity for all the major oil companies. The studied Multi-Depot Periodic Petrol Station Replenishment problem derives from a real case in which the company must replenish a set of petrol stations from a set of depots, during a weekly planning horizon. The company must ensure refuelling according to available visiting patterns, which can be different from customer to customer. A visiting pattern predefines how many times (days) the replenishment occurs during a week and in which visiting days a certain amount of fuel must be delivered. To fulfill the weekly demand of each petrol station, one of the available replenishment plans must be selected among a given set of visiting patterns. The aim is to minimize the total distance travelled by the fleet of tank trucks during the entire planning horizon. A matheuristic approach is proposed, based on the cluster-first route-second paradigm, to solve it. The proposed approach is thoroughly tested on a set of realistic random instances. Finally, a weekly large real instance is considered with 194 petrol stations and two depots.", "keywords": [ "Depot", "Gasoline", "Computer science", "Mathematical optimization", "Operations research", "Environmental science", "Mathematics", "Engineering", "Waste management", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/3/416/pdf?version=1706341231" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4388732241", "doi": "10.3390/su152215992", "title": "Integrated Location Selection and Scheduling Problems for Inland Container Transportation", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-11-16", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Wenchao Wei", "Zining Dong", "Jinkui Fan" ], "first_author": "Wenchao Wei", "venue": "Sustainability", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Well-organized network configuration is the key to the success of inland container transportation systems. In this study, we firstly propose an integrated framework for the location selection of inland container depots (ICDs) and the scheduling of containers and trucks. The objective is to minimize the total cost of setting up the ICDs and transportation cost associated with trucks and containers. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to solve the proposed problem. The computational studies show that the proposed decision approach is effective and can reduce the total operating costs of ICDs and transportation costs of containers. Sensitivity analysis on the impact of customer distributions and the number of ICDs on the total cost are conducted to reveal the characteristics of the problem. The utilization of ICDs can significantly improve the efficiency of the transportation network, i.e., the total cost is reduced by at least 27% for the proposed instances, and the transportation distance of empty containers is reduced by at least 4%. Finally, managerial insights and future research directions are provided.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Container (type theory)", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Total cost", "Integer programming", "Transport engineering", "Flow network", "Key (lock)", "Mathematical optimization" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/22/15992/pdf?version=1700104497" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1493182257", "doi": null, "title": "Evaluation of Republic Steel Ground Mat for Use in Depot Open-Storage Areas.", "year": 1967, "publication_date": "1967-11-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hugh L Green", "Gordon L. Carr" ], "first_author": "Hugh L Green", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The report describes an investigation to evaluate Republic Steel ground mat for use in open-storage areas. The corrugated panels, which are 11-1/2 ft long, 3 ft 1-5/8 in. wide, 1 in. thick, and weigh 105 lb each, are connected by overlapping the corrugations and bending tabs into slots. Two test series were run. In test series I, traffic was applied with two forklifts, both carrying various pay loads on three different subgrades, two heavy clay and one sand. In test series II, double layers of mat were placed in two patterns over wet and dry sand. Individual layers were not interlocked. The test sections were trafficked with a forklift, a 2 1/2 ton truck, and a 5 ton truck. Results are discussed.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Ton", "Bending", "Test site", "Engineering", "Environmental science", "Geotechnical engineering", "Structural engineering", "Mining engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Geography", "Archaeology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0738838" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4403210470", "doi": "10.1109/ictle62418.2024.10703905", "title": "Reshaping Urban Logistics: Route Planning Strategies for Collaborative Delivery Using Autonomous Vehicles and Passenger-Freight Combined Buses", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-08-23", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Xueyan Zhou", "Cheng Zhao", "Fengjie Xie" ], "first_author": "Xueyan Zhou", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "In recent years, the rapid growth of e-commerce has led to a surge in demand for urban logistics. The traditional truck-based delivery model, characterized by high energy consumption and limited delivery efficiency, is increasingly inadequate for urban express delivery requirements. This study proposes a collaborative delivery route planning model that integrates autonomous vehicles with passenger-freight combined buses to optimize urban express delivery routes, enhance delivery efficiency, and reduce logistics costs. Additionally, a single-parent genetic algorithm was developed for path optimization within this model. This algorithm evaluates delivery route quality by comprehensively considering factors such as delivery time, operational costs, and energy consumption. Finally, a case study conducted in Hanzhong City demonstrates that the collaborative delivery model, compared to the traditional truck-based delivery model, reduces operational costs for courier companies by Ɏ624.75, decreases travel distance by 13.48 kilometers, and increases daily net revenue for bus companies by Ɏ347.2. This study validates the efficiency and economic viability of the collaborative delivery model in modern urban logistics, providing robust support for optimizing urban delivery systems.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Traffic management", "City logistics", "Computer science", "Passenger transport", "Business", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/ictle62418.2024.10703905" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3048509160", "doi": "10.1145/3408066.3408083", "title": "A Cost Function of Relay Delivery in Vehicle Routing Problem on Transportation between Multi Depots", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-06-22", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sakuya Nakamura", "Masaomi Kimura" ], "first_author": "Sakuya Nakamura", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "In Multi Depots Vehicle Routing Problem(MDVRP), the trucks deliver their items to the multiple customers near their depots. When the stocks of the depots are shortage, they need to bring the items from other depots or some warehouses. If the depots are far from the other depots, the truck cannot deliver all items like MDVRP because of the limitation of the truck working time. Nevertheless, the trucks should load some items in which destinations are near their depots to deliver the items instead of the other trucks. The trucks optimally relay their items to the other trucks in order to prevent them from working outstanding and the small amount of their cargo. Thus, we needed the method to get an efficient route. In this study, we propose a cost function to calculate efficiently the delivery cost between the multiple depots.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Economic shortage", "Relay", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Function (biology)", "Transport engineering", "Vehicle routing problem", "Order (exchange)", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3408066.3408083" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4285821908", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4165926", "title": "Time-Dependent Two-Echelon Truck and Drone Routing Problem", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ebrahim Teimoury", "Reza Rashid" ], "first_author": "Ebrahim Teimoury", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Aeronautics", "Business", "Engineering", "Computer network", "Automotive engineering", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4165926" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1906921543", "doi": "10.1002/nav.21640", "title": "Synchronization in hub terminals with the circular arrangement problem", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-08-26", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nils Boysen", "Simon Emde", "Konrad Stephan", "Markus R. Weiss" ], "first_author": "Nils Boysen", "venue": "Naval Research Logistics (NRL)", "publisher": "Wiley", "abstract": "Abstract Hub terminals are important entities in modern distribution networks and exist for any transportation device, that is, cross docks and parcel distribution centers for trucks, container ports for ships, railway yards for trains, and hub airports for aircraft. In any of these hubs, the mid‐term planning task of synchronizing the transshipment of goods and passengers when servicing the transportation devices has to be solved, for which many different solution approaches specifically tailored to the respective application exist. We, however, take a unified view on synchronization in hubs and aim at a general building block. As a point of origin, a basic vertex ordering problem, the circular arrangement problem (CAP), is identified. We explain the relation between the CAP and hub processes, develop suited algorithms for solving the CAP, and extend the basic CAP by multiple additions, for example, arrival times, limited storage space, and multiple service points, make the problem adaptable to a wide range of hub terminals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 454–469, 2015", "keywords": [ "Synchronizing", "Container (type theory)", "Computer science", "Truck", "Synchronization (alternating current)", "Transshipment (information security)", "Operations research", "Block (permutation group theory)", "Computer network", "Telecommunications", "Engineering", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.21640" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W619907530", "doi": null, "title": "Developing Safety Risk Index for Truck Preferred Arterial Corridor", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Xiao Dong Qin", "Most Afia Sultana", "Madhav Chitturi", "David A. Noyce" ], "first_author": "Xiao Dong Qin", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Truck safety has been of great interest to transportation officials, engineers and researchers for many years because of the amount of freight transported by trucks, the safety impact of trucks in traffic, and trucks’ invaluable contribution to the country’s economic growth. Connecting between traffic generators, arterial streets are key links for door-to-door deliveries. It is imperative to study and evaluate truck safety impact on arterial streets in response to the continued strong growth of truck traffic. This project provided a comprehensive analysis of truck-related crashes that occurred on arterial streets. By collecting extensive roadway geometries, pavement conditions, traffic data on selected arterial corridors heavily traveled by trucks, truck crash frequency and injury severity contributing factors have been identified. Statistical models have been tested with different combinations of datasets, with and without access parameters. Without the access related variables, truck miles traveled, annual average daily traffic (AADT), signal density, shoulder width, pavement service index (PSI) and its standard deviation are statistically significant factors for predicting the crash frequency. After incorporating access information, commercial driveway design related variables exhibit statistical significance while the previously significant variables such as AADT, PSI and its standard deviation are no longer statistically significant. This noticeable change of the statistical models warns that a spurious relationship may be formed if a causal relationship cannot be sufficiently supported via the data collected. For crash severity prediction, twelve contributing factors such as posted speed limit, lane width, number of lanes, pavement condition index, and undivided roadway portion were identified. Subsequently, the corridors safety performance measured by a truck crash severity index (CSI) as a function of crash frequency and injury severity has been established. It is anticipated that the findings in the study will not only benefit state and local agencies in planning, designing, and managing a safe arterial corridor for trucks and other motorists, but also help motor carriers to optimize their routes from a safety perspective.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Crash", "Index (typography)", "Engineering", "Standard deviation", "Statistics", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/27721" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3200972976", "doi": null, "title": "The profitable single truck and trailer routing problem with time windows", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-07-30", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Henrique Favarini Alves da Cruz" ], "first_author": "Henrique Favarini Alves da Cruz", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "We investigate in this work the Profitable Single Truck and Trailer Routing Problem with Time Windows. In this problem, a fleet of trucks and trailers is given, along with a set of customers, that reward a profit if their demand is collected by a vehicle. Trailers can be attached to trucks in order to increase vehicle capacity, at the expense of reducing vehicle speed and increasing travel costs. Some customers can only be served by decoupled trucks, which may give rise to routes in which a trailer is decoupled from the truck at given satellite depots. The truck can, therefore, travel parts of the route detached, after which it returns to the point where the trailer was parked, and the load collected by the truck is transfered to the trailer. The goal is to find a choice of vehicle and route for which the collected profit minus the route cost is maximum. We propose an Integer Programming formulation for the problem, along with valid inequalities, that enforce Linear Programming Relaxation bounds for the formulation. The formulation developed employs binary variables only and ensures that capacity, time windows and synchronization for decoupling, load transfer and coupling operations are observed through Combinatorial Benders cuts. From our research, this is the only formulation that is compact in the variable space to allow multiple subtours from the same satellite vertex. Previous works have studied different variations of the Truck and Trailer Routing Problem (TTRP). These variations are characterized by some key characteristics of the problem being considered or not, such as customer time windows, dedicated satellite depots, heterogeneous fleet and load-dependent transfer times. Our model deals with all these aspects, plus considering different speed values for vehicles in the fleet, and a decrease in truck speed when it is attached to a trailer. To our knowledge, this modeling aspect has not been handled in the literature for TTRPs. We develop an exact Branch-and-Cut algorithm for the problem and present computational results. The experiments suggest that the valid inequalities introduced not only improve dual bounds, but also result in better Branch-and-Cut algorithms.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Trailer", "Integer programming", "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Profit (economics)", "Operations research", "Mathematical optimization", "Engineering", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Transport engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/36239/1/Disserta%c3%a7%c3%a3o%20-%20Henrique%20Favarini.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2899307889", "doi": "10.13016/m2v698g3x", "title": "HYBRID ROUTING MODELS UTILIZING TRUCKS OR SHIPS TO LAUNCH DRONES", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Stefan Poikonen" ], "first_author": "Stefan Poikonen", "venue": "University Libraries (University of Maryland)", "publisher": "University of Maryland, College Park", "abstract": "Technological advances for unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly referred to as drones, have opened the door to a number of new and interesting applications in areas including military, healthcare, communications, cinematography, emergency response, and logistics. However, limitations due to battery capacity, maximum take-off weight, finite range of wireless communications, and legal regulations have restricted the effective operational range of drones in many practical applications. Several hybrid operational models involving one or more drones launching from a larger vehicle, which may be a ship, truck, or airplane, have emerged to help mitigate these range limitations. In particular, the drones utilize the larger vehicle as both a mobile depot and a recharging or refueling platform. In this dissertation, we describe routing models that leverage the tandem of one or more drones with a larger vehicle. In these models, there is generally a set of targets that should be visited in an efficient (usually time-minimizing) manner. By using multiple vehicles, these targets may be visited in parallel thereby reducing the total time to visit all targets. The vehicle routing problem with drones (VRPD) and traveling salesman problem with a drone (TSP-D) consider hybrid truck-and-drone models of delivery, where the goal is to minimize the time required to deliver a set of packages to their respective customers and return the truck(s) and drone(s) to the origin depot. In both problems, the drone can carry one homogeneous package at a time. Theoretical analysis, exact solution methods, heuristic solution methods, and computational results are presented. In the mothership and drone routing problem (MDRP), we consider the case where the larger launch vehicle is free to move in Euclidean space (the open seas) and launch a drone to visit one target location at a time, before returning to the ship to pick up new cargo or refuel. The mothership and high capacity drone routing problem (MDRP-HC) is a generalization of the mothership and drone routing problem, which allows the drone to visit multiple targets consecutively before returning to the ship. MDRP and MDRP-HC contain elements of both combinatorial optimization and continuous optimization. In the multi-visit drone routing problem (MVDRP), a drone can visit multiple targets consecutively before returning to the truck, subject to energy constraints that take into account the weight of packages carried by the drone.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Aeronautics", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Transport engineering", "Computer network", "Aerospace engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.13016/m2v698g3x" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W5045811", "doi": null, "title": "Freight Transport, a Key Element of the Urban Economy Guidelines for Practitioners", "year": 2010, "publication_date": "2010-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Lætitia Dablanc" ], "first_author": "Lætitia Dablanc", "venue": "Transportation Research Board 89th Annual MeetingTransportation Research Board", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This article aims to provide guidelines to urban freight transport practitioners in cities around the world, including those in developing countries. This paper will present data on freight transport and its impact on local communities, based on which the author will make recommendations for cities seeking a more efficient and environmentally friendly freight system. The principle underlying all these recommendations is that freight transport must serve the local economy. (1) Assessing the needs of the economy. Cities have to assess the needs and challenges of their economy by conducting surveys and setting up a Freight Forum to negotiate with private stakeholders. These can be low cost actions with great benefits to businesses. (2) Serving urban growth and providing value added logistics services. Serving urban growth by enhancing the quality and added value of goods distribution is an important objective for policy-makers. Key priorities include the promotion of local initiatives and the provision of modern logistics facilities and training programs. (3) Making cities safer and more liveable. Land use and planning policies have to integrate logistics activities. Cleaner and quieter modes of transport must be (re) introduced on city streets. Environmental standards for truck access contribute to reducing pollutant emissions. (4) Facilitating deliveries and providing better labor conditions for delivery personnel. Governments can take decisive action to improve working conditions and skills in the urban freight sector, which is often the least considered in the trucking industry. Fair competition must be guaranteed through increased enforcement of transport regulations. Well-designed on-street and off-street delivery areas must be provided to make urban deliveries easier and faster. This article is based on work done for the World Bank as part of the “Freight transport for development initiative, which examines how freight transport operations contribute to development. This paper's analyses are based on a rather comprehensive review of the current literature on urban freight along with some surveys and reports provided by local governments.", "keywords": [ "Business", "Enforcement", "Negotiation", "Truck", "Competition (biology)", "Traffic management", "Promotion (chess)", "Goods and services", "Environmental planning", "Transport engineering", "Economics", "Economy" ], "cited_by_count": 10, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=909727" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2374831109", "doi": null, "title": "Analysis of Information Construction and Prospect for Repair of Freight Wagons in Chengdu North Depot", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yongdong Huang" ], "first_author": "Yongdong Huang", "venue": "Railway Locomotive & Car", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper analyzed the common problems and proposed the improved methods and strategies in production and information construction situation in the railroadrepairshop of Chengdu East Railway Station.Then the informatization management process matching the intensive production organization of Chengdu North Depot was fully combed and analyzed.Finally,the recurrence of a series of production operation process including truck precheck and prepare,monitor and management of working process,quality inspection over entire maintenance,management and material delivery and so on were realized in this paper.", "keywords": [ "Informatization", "Truck", "Engineering", "Transport engineering", "Production (economics)", "Depot", "Quality (philosophy)", "Process (computing)", "Operations management", "Manufacturing engineering", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-TDJC201203031.htm" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7152242972", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0344897", "title": "Rural first-mile pickup and last-mile delivery: A bus-assisted heterogeneous-drone model", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-08", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Song Jin", "Lu Wang", "Yunpeng Gong", "Jingyu Hu" ], "first_author": "Song Jin", "venue": "PLoS ONE", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "abstract": "With the rapid expansion of rural e-commerce, widely dispersed demand and limited road infrastructure have made conventional truck-based first-mile pickup and last-mile delivery increasingly unsustainable, creating an urgent need for alternative logistics models. We introduce a bus-assisted heterogeneous-drone scheme that treats fixed-route rural buses as mobile hubs while dispatching drones with complementary ranges and payloads for door-to-door service. A mixed-integer programming model captures bus schedules, drone heterogeneity, time-window constraints, and battery limits. To solve this model efficiently, we develop a two-stage framework-bus-stop clustering followed by an Improved Black-Kite Algorithm (IBKA). IBKA incorporates four enhancements: opposition-based learning, adaptive attack probability, random boundary shrinkage, and a Differential Evolution hybrid operator. Numerical experiments on adapted Solomon instances show the proposed method outperforms Gurobi, a standard Genetic Algorithm (GA), an Eel and Grouper Optimizer (EGO), and the original Black-Kite Algorithm (BKA) in terms of cost, stability, and convergence. On average, IBKA reduces total delivery cost by 5% relative to GA, 9% relative to EGO, and 13% relative to BKA, and enhances stability by 23%, 55%, and 23%, respectively. Sensitivity tests highlight the pivotal influence of drone payload and bus headway. A real-world study on the Xunyang-Tongqianguan line in Shaanxi Province further demonstrates substantial cost savings and operational advantages over both truck-only and homogeneous-drone delivery modes, underscoring the practical value of bus-drone collaboration for rural logistics.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Pickup", "Cluster analysis", "Payload (computing)", "Sensitivity (control systems)", "Scheme (mathematics)", "Boundary (topology)", "Genetic algorithm", "Transit (satellite)", "Toll" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344897" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W647489760", "doi": null, "title": "New service urges hauliers to find trucks/loads online", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-02-16", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "J Semple" ], "first_author": "J Semple", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "UK company Transport Exchange Group, which operates the successful online site Courier Exchange, is moving into the mainstream with the creation of Haulage Exchange. Members are accredited with company details displayed. Members build star ratings based on feedback from other subscribers. Complaints result in suspension or removal. The exchange posts loads and vehicle capacity, including the length of load deck available if the vehicle is part loaded. Rates are negotiated between subscribers. The system notifies subscribers automatically of posts that match their postcode. Shippers are excluded from the system, but hauliers, forwarders and contracted freight managers can join. Subscription rates for haulage are #1000 a year per depot. Transport Exchange Group has joined Fret Alliance, which has independent freight exchanges in France, Spain and Italy.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Business", "Haulage", "Service (business)", "Alliance", "Transport engineering", "Advertising", "Operations management", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Marketing", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/795355" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4410975944", "doi": "10.1093/imaman/dpaf022", "title": "New saving-based formulae for the truck–drone routing problem", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-03", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Batool Madani", "Malick Ndiaye", "Saı̈d Salhi" ], "first_author": "Batool Madani", "venue": "IMA Journal of Management Mathematics", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "abstract": "Abstract Accepted by: M. Zied Babai This study investigates the hybrid truck–drone routing problem with an emphasis on last-mile delivery. To address this challenge, novel savings rules are developed by extending the classical Clarke and Wright savings formula, and these are incorporated into an adapted savings-based heuristic. In contrast to the traditional Clarke and Wright algorithm, the drone launch and retrieval points are not predetermined but instead depend on the truck’s route, resulting in greater complexity and flexibility. Consequently, nine distinct configurations are identified, each associated with a specific savings formulation. These contribute to the development of an enhanced Clarke and Wright-based heuristic, further augmented with a computational acceleration mechanism. For comparative evaluation, a sweep-based algorithm is also implemented to handle larger problem instances. The proposed savings-based heuristic (MSH) demonstrates superior performance over the sweep-based method, effectively capturing the operational structure of a moving depot. While the new savings equations remain relatively simple, they offer analytically rigorous and computationally efficient solutions that can serve as a strong foundation for future hybrid or metaheuristic approaches.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Vehicle routing problem", "Operations research", "Aeronautics", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpaf022" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2553773224", "doi": "10.1080/15367967.2016.1250000", "title": "Reengineering storage logistics", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-10-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Christian H. Poehlmann" ], "first_author": "Christian H. Poehlmann", "venue": "Journal of Access Services", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "abstract": "The University at Albany investigated process improvements for transferring or withdrawing large numbers of books from its stacks. Based on this investigation, this article offers best practices and processes, including finding efficiencies in workflow and implementing ILS batch processing of Excel worksheets containing record metadata, rather than individual processing of titles. Other suggested best practices are a variant of cross-docking, where the processed materials are removed from the shelf to a truck, the barcode scanned into a comma-delimited file for batch processing, and materials directly discarded or transported to storage for immediate shelving, depending on planned final disposition.", "keywords": [ "Barcode", "Workflow", "Database", "Truck", "Computer science", "Metadata", "sync", "Batch processing", "Operating system", "Engineering", "Telecommunications" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15367967.2016.1250000" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4308759034", "doi": "10.15480/882.4694", "title": "Workload Forecasting of a Logistic Node Using Bayesian Neural Networks", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-09-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Emin Nakilcioglu", "Anisa Rizvanolli", "Olaf Rendel", "Wolfgang Kersten", "Carlos Jahn", "Thorsten Blecker", "Christian M. Ringle" ], "first_author": "Emin Nakilcioglu", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Purpose: Traffic volume in empty container depots has been highly volatile due to external factors. Forecasting the expected container truck traffic along with having a dynamic module to foresee the future workload plays a critical role in improving the work efficiency. This paper studies the relevant literature and designs a forecasting model addressing the aforementioned issues. Methodology: The paper develops a forecasting model to predict hourly work and traffic volume of container trucks in an empty container depot using a Bayesian Neural Network based model. Furthermore, the paper experiments with datasets with different characteristics to assess the model's forecasting range for various data sources. Findings: The real data of an empty container depot is utilized to develop a forecasting model and to later verify the capabilities of the model. The findings show the performance validity of the model and provide the groundwork to build an effective traffic and workload planning system for the empty container depot in question. Originality: This paper proposes a Bayesian deep learning-based forecasting model for traffic and workload of an empty container depot using real-world data. This designed and implemented forecasting model offers a solution with which every actor in the container truck transportation benefits from the optimized workload.", "keywords": [ "Workload", "Container (type theory)", "Truck", "Computer science", "Artificial neural network", "Operations research", "Bayesian probability", "Transshipment (information security)", "Artificial intelligence", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.04976" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4312596516", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4278827", "title": "Fuzzy Multi-Objective Truck Scheduling in Rail-Road Physical Internet Hubs", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Fatma Essghaier", "Tarik Chargui", "Tienté Hsu", "Abdelghani Bekrar", "Hamid Allaoui", "Damien Trentesaux", "Gilles Gonçalves" ], "first_author": "Fatma Essghaier", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Scheduling (production processes)", "The Internet", "Business", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Operations management", "World Wide Web" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4278827" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4318615124", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4326523", "title": "A Coordinated Truck-and-Drone Dss for Improving Wildfire Detection Coverage", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Maryam Momeni", "Hamed Soleimani", "Shahrooz Shahparvari", "Behrouz Afshar-Nadjafi" ], "first_author": "Maryam Momeni", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Business", "Computer science", "Aeronautics", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4326523" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165647828", "doi": "10.3390/drones10070477", "title": "Reinforcement-Learning-Based Hybrid Truck–Drone Delivery Optimization", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-23", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Youyao Gao", "Tongchang Liu", "Huan Jin" ], "first_author": "Youyao Gao", "venue": "Drones", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "This paper studies large-scale last-mile delivery using a heterogeneous fleet of trucks, onboard drones in a hybrid truck–drone mode, and independent drones. Orders are first screened by a feasibility check; feasible orders are then assigned to one of the three modes by a delivery mode selection policy and routed using mode-specific planning algorithms. The delivery mode selection policy is trained with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), warm-started by behaviour cloning from heuristic decisions. For route planning, we use a five-step procedure for the hybrid mode and simple depot round trips for independent drones. Experiments on Solomon VRPTW benchmarks and extended instances (100/200/400 customers; R/C/RC distributions) show lower total cost than representative heuristic baselines and metaheuristics, with practical runtime. Sensitivity analysis over fleet sizes further indicates competitive performance across a range of truck and drone configurations, especially for medium and large fleets.", "keywords": [ "Heuristic", "Truck", "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "Mode (computer interface)", "Range (aeronautics)", "Drone", "Sensitivity (control systems)", "TRIPS architecture" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10070477" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4390205986", "doi": "10.1007/s10479-023-05752-1", "title": "Modeling and solving the fuel distribution problem with unloading precedence and loading sequence considerations", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-12-26", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Konstantinos N. Androutsopoulos", "Konstantinos G. Zografos" ], "first_author": "Konstantinos N. Androutsopoulos", "venue": "Annals of Operations Research", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": "Abstract This paper presents a real-world liquid fuel distribution problem involving a heterogeneous fleet of multi-compartment vehicles servicing a set of orders of different fuels. Two new features are introduced that affect significantly the performance of the fuel distribution process in terms of safety and efficiency: (i) loading trucks so that the payload remains balanced throughout each phase of a delivery route, and (ii) sequencing the requests for loading trucks at the depot loading facilities. A Mixed Integer Programming formulation is presented and an Adaptive Large Neighbourhood Search algorithm with various novel features is developed and benchmarked. A new loading model is formed and solved for allocating the ordered items (fuel) to vehicle compartments, as part of constructing/repairing delivery routes. The computational performance of the proposed solution approach has been tested on a series of benchmark problems. Moreover, a series of experiments were performed in order to assess the effect of the balanced loading constraints on the traveled distance. The results indicate that the effect of this type of constraint on the total traveled distance is kept at a reasonable level, reaching a maximum increase of 4.37%. The computational tools presented in this work may accommodate the dispatchers’ work in producing efficient and safe delivery routes while managing efficiently any potential bottleneck in the truck loading facilities.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Bottleneck", "Computer science", "Theory of computation", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Integer programming", "Set (abstract data type)", "Payload (computing)", "Mathematical optimization", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-023-05752-1.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4401031794", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-658-45196-7_6", "title": "The Journey to Regular Operation of a Fully Automatic Terminal Tractor at a Depot in Mixed Operation", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Rüdiger Meyer" ], "first_author": "Rüdiger Meyer", "venue": "Proceedings", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Depot", "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Tractor", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Computer network", "Geography", "Archaeology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-45196-7_6" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3124397546", "doi": "10.1109/icecocs50124.2020.9314571", "title": "Dynamic Route Optimization For Waste Collection and Monitering smart bins Using Ant colony Algorithm", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-12-02", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Abdullah Alwabli", "Ivica N Kostanic", "Saeed Faisal Malky" ], "first_author": "Abdullah Alwabli", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The paper delves into the use of smart bins to solve the problem of on time delivery and continuous monitoring of bins to ensure that they are only collected when they are filled. The purpose of this study revolves around establishing a suitable dynamic route optimization algorithm for vehicles carrying waste material. The algorithm is intended to solve the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) for a typical urban environment. The research study's setting is Alawali District in Mecca with 52 waste collection points (nodes) counting both depot and final delivery point (dump). Data collected included the coordinates of the nodes to determine the accurate distance between one point to another. This was analyzed to determine the shortest and efficient vehicle routes that minimize waste management costs. The study leverages the use ant colony algorithm to determine the shortest route between the filled bins and the continuous addition of the other bins as they are filled. The smart bin problem is a solution used in smart cities to further cut on the costs of waste collection by truck drivers.", "keywords": [ "Ant colony optimization algorithms", "Truck", "Shortest path problem", "Computer science", "Vehicle routing problem", "Waste collection", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Point (geometry)", "Bin", "Operations research", "Algorithm", "Municipal solid waste" ], "cited_by_count": 5, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/icecocs50124.2020.9314571" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2016904415", "doi": "10.1136/bmj.2.5605.596", "title": "Brucella abortus in fresh cream and cream products.", "year": 1968, "publication_date": "1968-06-08", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "G. I. Barrow", "D. C. Miller", "DUANE L. JOHNSON", "C. W. Hingston" ], "first_author": "G. I. Barrow", "venue": "BMJ", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Nasal Cancer in Woodworkers-Acheson et al.MEDIBRLJOSHRNAL Case 203.-Born in 1911.Started work as a carrier in 1924 for a firm loading lime, cement, tea, and sugar.In 1926 moved to work as storeman to a builder's merchant.Again exposed to lime and cement dust.From 1936 to 1964 worked principally as a plasterer.The histology of this tumour is not known.He never took snuff.Case 204.-Born in 1898.After working as a packman's boy and an apprentice slaughterer , and serving in the Army , he worked as a labourer for grain merchants and was exposed to the dust of cereals and beans.From 1946 to 1961, when an anaplastic carcinoma was diagnosed, he worked in the quarry of a cement works but was not much exposed to dust.He never took snuff.Case 205.-Born in 1896.Started work as a baker's assistant in 1908 and was exposed to flour dust until he left to work at an Army depot in 1914.After service in Army worked at a power station unloading coal trucks (1919-25) and later as boilerman, stoker, and storeman (1925-60), when he was exposed to coal dust and ash.A transitional cell tumour was diagnosed in 1960.He never took snuff.The Oxford Regional Cancer Registry was the principal source of the data reported in this paper and we gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Miss C. Hunt and her staff.We are also grateful to the following for supplying valuable information: Mr. G. Rose, Secretary of the High Wycombe Furniture Manufacturers' Asso- ciation; H.M. Medical Inspectorate of Factories; the Registrars of Births, Deaths, and Marriages for High Wycombe and Banbury; the Registrars General for England and Wales; and the directors and managers of several furniture factories in the area.We also wish to acknowledge the help of the staff of the Birmingham Cancer Register, the South-West Regional Cancer Register, the North-East and North-West Metropolitan Cancer Registers, and the Register of the South-West Metropolitan Cancer Region.Finally we wish to thank the patients and their relatives who took time and trouble to supply occupational histories.", "keywords": [ "Snuff", "Lime", "Coal dust", "Coal", "Toxicology", "Medicine", "Engineering", "Waste management", "Metallurgy", "Biology", "Materials science" ], "cited_by_count": 12, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/2/5605/596.full.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3210703422", "doi": "10.26418/elkha.v13i2.48896", "title": "Development of Integrated Distribution and Inventory System Simulation Model Using Mobile Depot", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-10-22", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Noveicalistus H. Djanggu" ], "first_author": "Noveicalistus H. Djanggu", "venue": "ELKHA", "publisher": "Tanjungpura University", "abstract": "Distribution activities are carried out to move an item from one point to another. Product distribution activities are conducted from the production area to the distribution or warehouse area, then from the warehouse to the retailer or consumer. Distribution activities can be established using various modes of land, river, ocean, and air transportation. Land transportation is greatly influenced by road conditions. River and sea transportation excels in carrying capacity which leads to the reduction of distribution costs. The disadvantages of water transportation are longer moving duration and dependence on weather. A warehouse is a typical facility used to accommodate inventory. Inventory system will generate holding costs. River transportation with a large carrying capacity can be used as a distribution medium and temporary warehouse. The land route in the West Kalimantan region is suitable for trucks with a moderate carrying capacity. River routes in West Kalimantan can reach several strategic areas, and river conditions have appropriate specifications for transportation mode with large capacities. The distribution and inventory system integration model using a mobile depot has been proposed in previous studies. Therefore, this research focuses on developing a simulation model for the aforementioned system. The results of this study are expected to provide information about the optimal value of the model configuration and strategy.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Transport engineering", "Carrying capacity", "Product (mathematics)", "Environmental science", "Warehouse", "Mode (computer interface)", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Business", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/Elkha/article/download/48896/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3042848046", "doi": "10.35631/jistm.516003", "title": "MODEL OF THE OFF-DOCK DEPOT CONGESTION PROBLEM: VALIDATION THROUGH DELPHI TECHNIQUE", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-03-15", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Rosmaizura Mohd Zain", "Ainon Ramli" ], "first_author": "Rosmaizura Mohd Zain", "venue": "Journal of Information System and Technology Management", "publisher": null, "abstract": "World trade has grown over the last two decades and has led to increasing demand for containers. As such, container transport by truck is growing either inside or outside the port terminal. This study aims to gain expert confirmation of the clarity and practicality of the 'congestion problem model in empty container depots' through the Delphi technique. This technique is carried out in two rounds by several experts who have knowledge and experience in container management. Overall, the Delphi analysis shows that the average value exceeds 75%, proving that the model of the congestion problem chain has been approved by the panel of experts. Finally, all panel of experts has the same view regarding the development of this model that it is able to provide a clear understanding of the factors involved in congestion problems outside of the port. Therefore, this model can also serve as a guideline for stakeholders to reduce delays especially during the operation of empty container pick-up and drop-off.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Delphi method", "Truck", "Operations research", "Computer science", "Delphi", "Port (circuit theory)", "BARGE", "Transport engineering", "Operations management", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.35631/jistm.516003" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7105847419", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5620790", "title": "Operations Management in EV Infrastructure Projects: A Case Study of the Denker EV Truck Microgrid", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Karun Mani" ], "first_author": "Karun Mani", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Microgrid", "Energy management", "Management system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5620790" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3096304271", "doi": "10.1016/b978-0-12-823377-1.50202-0", "title": "Integrated Planning of Industrial Gas Supply Chains", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yena L. Lee", "Alba Carrero‐Parreño", "Lazaros G. Papageorgiou", "Sivaraman Ramaswamy", "Mathew John Jose" ], "first_author": "Yena L. Lee", "venue": "Computer-aided chemical engineering/Computer aided chemical engineering", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Time horizon", "Purchasing", "Truck", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Supply chain", "Integer programming", "Production planning", "Operations research", "Schedule", "Linear programming", "Supply chain management", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10120749/1/208Lee_ESCAPE30.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4249514125", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-540-77303-0_5", "title": "Case studies – Part I: Innovative Technologies in European Freight Transport", "year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-04-28", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [], "first_author": null, "venue": "RWTHedition", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Sect", "Transport engineering", "Process (computing)", "Engineering", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Political science", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77303-0_5" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4405120725", "doi": "10.35633/inmateh-74-09", "title": "DESIGN OF AN UNMANNED TRANSFER VEHICLE LOOP DETECTION SYSTEM FOR GRAIN DEPOT SCENARIOS", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-12-04", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Boqiang Zhang", "Dachao Li", "Tianzhi Gao", "Kunpeng Zhang", "Jinhao YAN", "Xuemeng Xu" ], "first_author": "Boqiang Zhang", "venue": "INMATEH Agricultural Engineering", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The grain depot scenario is critical for grain logistics and transportation, and it is also a key setting for the efficient operation of intelligent grain logistics platform vehicles. A large number of repetitive and specific building structures, along with low-textured walls, characterize the grain depot scene. Loopback detection is an essential module in visual SLAM, and an efficient system can eliminate accumulated errors. While traditional systems rely on manually designed features, which struggle to adapt to the unique grain depot environment, this paper proposes a deep learning-based loopback detection system for grain transfer trucks. Leveraging a custom dataset capturing both grain depot environments and loopback scenarios, the system employs convolutional neural networks for identifying building equipment and door numbers, edge extraction for robust feature matching, and image template matching for efficient loopback verification. Extensive testing on the grain depot loopback dataset demonstrates that the system significantly improves loopback detection accuracy and efficiency, paving the way for reliable autonomous navigation in grain depots.", "keywords": [ "Convolutional neural network", "Truck", "Feature (linguistics)", "Computer science", "Depot", "Feature extraction", "Real-time computing", "Artificial intelligence", "Engineering", "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-74-09" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4400407859", "doi": "10.1007/s11590-024-02134-9", "title": "A faster heuristic for the traveling salesman problem with drone", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-07-08", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Pedro Henrique Del Bianco Hokama", "Carla Négri Lintzmayer", "Mário César San Felice" ], "first_author": "Pedro Henrique Del Bianco Hokama", "venue": "Optimization Letters", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Travelling salesman problem", "Drone", "Computational intelligence", "Heuristic", "Computer science", "Traveling purchaser problem", "Mathematical optimization", "Swarm intelligence", "2-opt", "Artificial intelligence", "Mathematics", "Algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-024-02134-9" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2949414699", "doi": "10.1051/ro/2019063", "title": "A bi-objective model for robust local container drayage problem", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-06-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jintao You", "Canrong Zhang", "Zhaojie Xue", "Lixin Miao", "Bin Ye" ], "first_author": "Jintao You", "venue": "RAIRO - Operations Research", "publisher": "EDP Sciences", "abstract": "Local Container Drayage Problem (LCDP) refers to the optimization of the process of planning and scheduling container trucks between a terminal and customers to offer door-to-door service to customers in a local area. The time required for (un)packing containers at customers’ sites are often relatively long and uncertain due to the current (un)packing work level and unexpected deviations in operational situations, which has a significant influence on the planning and scheduling of the container transportation process. This paper examines the LCDP with Separable tractors and trailers, and additionally with consideration of (un)packing time Uncertainties (LCDPSU). A proactive strategy is employed to tackle the uncertainty by proposing a “model robust” bi-objective optimization model to balance the tradeoff between operational cost, which includes traveling cost and tractor deployment setup cost, and robustness, which is represented as an exponential expression of the time buffer between two stages of each individual task. The deterministic version of our problem is proved to be NP hard, and an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) scheme is therefore proposed to search for feasible solutions in which the Zoutendijk feasible direction algorithm is embedded in order to tackle the nonlinearity brought in by the robustness of the model. Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the efficiencies and effectivenesses of the proposed models and methods, and managerial implications are drawn from the numerical results.", "keywords": [ "Robustness (evolution)", "Mathematical optimization", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Operations research", "Computer science", "Container (type theory)", "Software deployment", "Packing problems", "Job shop scheduling", "Truck", "Nonlinear system", "Ant colony optimization algorithms" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.rairo-ro.org/articles/ro/pdf/2021/01/ro190009.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2076358740", "doi": "10.2190/iq.31.4.e", "title": "Commercial Charcoal Production in the Ibarapa District of Southwestern Nigeria: Forestry Dividends and Welfare Implications", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-10-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kabiru K. Salami", "William R. Brieger" ], "first_author": "Kabiru K. Salami", "venue": "International Quarterly of Community Health Education", "publisher": "SAGE Publishing", "abstract": "Logging activities have long provided both wood fuel and charcoal for household and commercial use in rural and urban communities in developing countries. However, logging problems range from deforestation to threatened household air quality from burning wood and charcoal. This exploratory case study triangulated 15 in-depth interviews among charcoal bulk buyers and the workers, observations of workers at two èédú (charcoal) commercial depots in Igbo-Ora and of workers in the forest, and review of studies in academic database. Three categories of people are working in the business ranging from the producers in the forests (alaake) to the bulk buyers (olowo) in the middle and the wholesalers (ajagunta) in the city. A small team of 4-8 people can produce three pickup truck loads of charcoal in 2 weeks, and a large team between 7-8 loads. The olowo and the alaake have associations, membership cards, and meet to discuss business progress and regulate members' economic behavior. Close to 35,000 bags of charcoal of 450 pickup trucks may make the journey weekly from Ibarapa. Overall, the charcoal business is informal, and the local people also frown at cutting any useful indigenous trees ascertaining that an individual's actions may affect the whole community. The role of community health educators is important in the dissemination of effects of deforestation through charcoal production.", "keywords": [ "Charcoal", "Deforestation (computer science)", "Business", "Indigenous", "Welfare", "Logging", "Socioeconomics", "Geography", "Forestry", "Sociology", "Economics", "Ecology" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2190/iq.31.4.e" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7202069755", "doi": "10.3390/a19080666", "title": "Grid-Aware Bi-Level Optimization for Truck–Drone Routing: Integrating Grid Feasibility and Shadow Pricing", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-10", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Heictor Alves de Oliveira Costa", "Fernando José Von Zuben" ], "first_author": "Heictor Alves de Oliveira Costa", "venue": "Algorithms", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Electric trucks operating as mobile depots for delivery drones are promising for last-mile logistics, yet fleet electrification makes depot charging a critical issue governed by distribution-grid limits. Existing truck–drone routing formulations omit the electrical network, treating energy as exogenous, while grid-aware routing models overlook the combinatorial structure of mobile-depot drone synchronization. This paper introduces an energy-aware bi-level framework for the truck–drone routing problem that closes this gap. A distribution-grid leader solves slot-wise alternating current (AC) optimal power flow (OPF) under time-varying base loads and line deratings, returning a grid-feasible energy headroom and shadow prices. A logistics follower then co-optimizes truck routes, drone sorties, and ramp-constrained charging against this effective price, within a multi-objective cost structure. A damped fixed-point iteration couples the two levels, communicating grid scarcity through a single price signal without the logistics layer solving power-flow equations. On a Tokyo-inspired 100-customer instance with a stressed IEEE 33-bus feeder, the framework confines charging to slots with genuine headroom, reaching at most 81% loading and returning the fleet fully charged, whereas a grid-blind baseline reaches 109% loading. This comparison validates shadow pricing as an effective coordination mechanism.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Grid", "Truck", "Electrification", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Electricity pricing", "Electricity", "Power flow", "Demand response" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/a19080666" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4295787878", "doi": "10.32469/10355/91688", "title": "Hybrid truck-drone systems for last-mile delivery logistics", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-05-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mohamed Salama" ], "first_author": "Mohamed Salama", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "[EMBARGOED UNTIL 6/1/2023] With growing consumer demand and expectations, companies are attempting to achieve cost-efficient and faster delivery operations. The integration of autonomous vehicles, such as aerial and ground drones, in the last-mile network design, could curtail many operational challenges and provide a competitive advantage. This dissertation deals with the problem of delivering orders to a set of customer locations using multiple drones that operate in conjunction with a single truck. Four variants of the problem are considered. The first variant takes advantage of the drone eet by parallelizing the delivery tasks via concurrently dispatching the drones from a truck parked at a focal point (ideal drone launch location) to the nearby customer locations. The key decisions to be optimized are the partitioning of delivery locations into small clusters, identifying a focal point per cluster, and routing the truck through all focal points such that the customer orders in each cluster are fulfilled either by a drone or truck. The first problem variant restricts each focal point to one of the customer locations, while the second addresses the same delivery problem when allowing truck viii stops to be anywhere in the delivery area (i.e., a customer or non-customer location). Mathematical programming models are developed to jointly optimize both the clustering and routing decisions. The third variant suggests allowing the usage of non-customer locations (referred to as exible sites) as truck stops for drone launch and recovery operations (LARO). This relaxes a common constraint in the literature restricting the drone LARO to customer locations. The proposed variant also accounts for three key decisions - (i) assignment of each customer location to a vehicle, (ii) routing of truck and UAVs, and (iii) scheduling drone LARO and truck operator activities at each stop, which are always not simultaneously considered in the literature. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to jointly optimize the three decisions. Furthermore, to handle large problem instances, we develop an optimization-enabled two-phase search algorithm by hybridizing simulated annealing and variable neighborhood search. The fourth variant in this dissertation proposes utilizing a network of docking stations and repositioning of drones to enhance the efficacy of delivery operations. In particular, such stations are used for drone docking before and after delivery operations to avoid both loading all required drones to the truck at the depot and waiting of the truck on its route to recover drones. A MILP model is formulated to optimize the management of this setting of facilities and delivery operations. Finally, extensive computational experiments are conducted in this dissertation for the four variants to obtain several insights aiding the logistics practitioners in decision making.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Last mile (transportation)", "Computer science", "Cluster analysis", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Operations research", "Mile", "Engineering", "Computer network", "Geography", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/91688" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4417066762", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5871916", "title": "A Bi-Level Heuristic Approach for the Truck-Drone Last-Mile Delivery Problem with Dynamic PID Control", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Heictor Costa", "Fernando José Von Zuben" ], "first_author": "Heictor Costa", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Control theory (sociology)", "Heuristic", "Control (management)", "Control system", "PID controller", "Optimal control" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5871916" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W10915948", "doi": null, "title": "Development of a Reliability Analysis for Gasoline-Engine-Driven Fork-Lift Trucks.", "year": 1971, "publication_date": "1971-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "John Peter McCormick" ], "first_author": "John Peter McCormick", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "A six-month study of gasoline-engine-driven (GED), warehouse-type fork-lift trucks was performed. It resulted in the preparation of reliability records for the family of GED fork-lift trucks and for the 6000-pound truck, as well as a failure modes, effects, criticality, and avoidance analysis for the fork-lift truck family. This report describes the data-collection effort and identifies the types of data on fork-lift trucks and other materials-handling equipment that are available at various CONUS depots and can be used for similar reliability analyses. It outlines the mission-profile development for the GED fork-lift truck and documents the approach used. The report also presents the results of the reliability analyses and gives recommendations for using the data so obtained to improve fork-lift-truck management. (Author)", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Fork (system call)", "Lift (data mining)", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Computer science", "Structural engineering", "Data mining" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA054891" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161459740", "doi": null, "title": "Computational Methods for Truck and Resource Orchestration in Logistics Terminals: A Systematic Literature Review", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-14", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Marcus Vinicius Santos da Silva" ], "first_author": "Marcus Vinicius Santos da Silva", "venue": "OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)", "publisher": "Center for Open Science", "abstract": "The review focuses on dynamic and uncertainty-aware decision support for truck scheduling and physical-resource orchestration in logistics terminals, especially cross-docking systems and container terminals. The supplementary files were organized to improve transparency and reuse by exposing the staged review protocol, preserved search string, recoverable quality-assessment information, figure sources, and extracted reference material. The current package corresponds to the anonymous submission stage and should remain private during double-blind review unless venue rules explicitly allow disclosure.", "keywords": [ "Orchestration", "Truck", "Systematic review", "Reuse", "Transparency (behavior)", "Resource (disambiguation)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://osf.io/dtqg2" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1593406634", "doi": "10.31387/oscm0190130", "title": "Improvements in Movement of Empty Containers: The Case of the Port of Gothenburg", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-03-05", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Violeta Roso", "Nils Andersson", "Joakim Widstrand", "Kenth R. Lumsden" ], "first_author": "Violeta Roso", "venue": "Operations and Supply Chain Management An International Journal", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Capacity increase only at seaport facilities without improvements in seaports' inland access is not enough for the entire container transport chain to function properly.With constantly growing container transports, efficiency of rail and flexibility of road are increasingly needed for inland access to/from the seaports, however not always sufficient.Therefore the purpose of this study is to compare movement of empty containers by barge and long and heavy vehicles (LHV) to the reference situation done by regular trucks, on the case of port of Gothenburg and one of its nearby depots; with regard to economy, environment, flexibility and time efficiency.Currently the transportation of containers between the container terminal in the port of Gothenburg and the container depot located 6,5 km at Risholmen is carried out by trucks of a maximum capacity of three TEUs.The data for the study were collected through interviews, observation and literature review.The literature in general claims that barge is a very cost efficient and low polluting mode of transportation but in which circumstances?The findings of the study are focusing on how the studied modes are performing with respect to suggested criteria and show LHV to be the most suitable mode of transport for given route.Not only that the proper choice of the mode has an economic effect, but it also has an environmental impact due to reduced fuel consumption resulting in lower emissions.", "keywords": [ "BARGE", "Truck", "Port (circuit theory)", "Container (type theory)", "Transport engineering", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Business", "Engineering", "Marine engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journal.oscm-forum.org/journal/journal/download/20150305024851_Paper_4_Vol._8_No_._1,_2015_.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W146763564", "doi": null, "title": "Strategic decisions in truck routing for a retail chain : an analysis of deliveries, return logistics, and backhauls", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "J.C. Bolhaar" ], "first_author": "J.C. Bolhaar", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "In this report we try to minimize transportation costs for PLUS. At the moment four transport flows are the main logistic cost drivers for PLUS:\r\n1. DC to a store (normal deliveries)\r\n2. Store to a DC (returns: such as containers, beer crates, bottles etc.)\r\n3. Supplier to a DC (including cross-dock, backhaul, and normal deliveries)\r\n4. DC to DC (incidentally, low volumes)\r\nIn this research we define three scenarios which change the handling of the 2nd and 3th flow:\r\nScenario 1:\r\nIn Scenario 1 a truck delivers goods to the store on the traditional way. After store delivery PLUS tries to fit in backhauls within the delivery trucks. The pallets from the supplier are together in the truck with return goods form the stores such as containers and crates. If a backhaul is available, fits in the available truck capacity, and contributes a profit, the backhaul is accepted. Scenario 2:\r\nIn Scenario 2 the retrieval of return goods is separated from the deliveries to the store. This way PLUS makes separate trips just for the collection of returns. The second type of routes is the normal deliveries. After the delivery a truck can perform a backhaul at a nearby supplier. Another option is to negotiate with the logistic service provider (LSP) on lower prices for an empty return route. The LSP could for example use the truck for own purposes after delivery, with both LSP and PLUS sharing the benefits.\r\nScenario 3:\r\nPLUS could also retrieve the return goods after the regular delivery at stores. This has an advantage over Scenario 2, since trucks are already present in the regions. For example: A truck first delivers 2 stores and then collects the returns at 3 other stores. The trucks that deliver those 3 stores are empty after delivery. These empty trucks perform a backhaul or may be charged a lower price from the LSP (as in Scenario 2).\r\nSince the transport and routing strategy is a long term choice at PLUS, we analyse the routing on the following aspects: Inter-DC deliveries, location and number of DCs, number of return containers and crates, choice for goods to transport, choice for truck capacity, and choice for the number of delivery moments.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Backhaul (telecommunications)", "Business", "Profit (economics)", "TRIPS architecture", "Reverse logistics", "Computer science", "Operations management", "Transport engineering", "Operations research", "Supply chain", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://essay.utwente.nl/66139/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161064280", "doi": "10.1080/23249935.2026.2669862", "title": "Optimising the efficiency of logistics using hybrid truck-drone collaborative delivery", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shih-Hao Lu", "CHIA-CHEN CHANG", "Rohit Raj", "Yun-Hsin Lin" ], "first_author": "Shih-Hao Lu", "venue": "Transportmetrica A Transport Science", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "abstract": "Due to an increasing in online package orders, delivery providers need to determine how to reduce driver overtime while maintaining on-time delivery. To address this, our research introduces the Hybrid Helper Dispatching Problem with Drone (HHDPD), which aims to reduce the truck's return time to the depot and ensure the simultaneous return of both the driver and the drone. This study utilises the OR-Tools package and a greedy algorithm to address the routing problem and selection of drone service areas. Computational experiments are carried out to evaluate the best possible solution among four cases: TSP (Travelling Salesman Problem) without a driver helper, standard helper (including one driver, one independent helper, and one truck), HHDP (Hybrid-Helper Dispatching Problem), and HHDPD. Results demonstrate that the HHDPD model can significantly reduce the overall time spent, minimise idle resource wastage of driver helper and improve package delivery efficiency.", "keywords": [ "Component (thermodynamics)", "Key (lock)", "Process (computing)", "Production (economics)", "Work (physics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23249935.2026.2669862" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7138844012", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.19113330", "title": "mattiasingelstrom/hd-ev-charging-profiles: v1.1.0 — Empirical depot stop-time distributions", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-19", "type": "software", "language": null, "authors": [ "Mattias Ingelström" ], "first_author": "Mattias Ingelström", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "What's changed Depot charging profiles updated to reflect empirical stop-time distributions for long-haul trucks at depots, based on TRV survey data (Svenska and Utländska fjärrtransport). This change was made in connection with a revision of the associated journal article. Data changes Depot profiles regenerated using LP-optimised scheduling with sampled stop durations drawn from TRV empirical distributions (replacing a fixed stop-time assumption) All depot_normalized_*.csv and depot_scaled_MW_*.csv files updated Other changes Removed redundant plot_demand_curves.py (functionality covered by plot_normalized_profiles.py) Updated reference constants and README statistics", "keywords": [ "Depot", "Truck", "Connection (principal bundle)", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Constant (computer programming)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19113330" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2028801976", "doi": "10.1007/s12597-012-0085-2", "title": "The oil tankers dispatching problem", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-06-27", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nazimuddin Ahmed", "S. Das", "S. Purusotham" ], "first_author": "Nazimuddin Ahmed", "venue": "OPSEARCH", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Schedule", "Operations research", "Computer science", "Dynamic programming", "Bulk cargo", "Integer programming", "Lexicographical order", "Environmental science", "Transport engineering", "Marine engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12597-012-0085-2" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3133500437", "doi": "10.1088/1757-899x/1072/1/012006", "title": "Modelling tank truck routing for city park watering problems in Surabaya", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-02-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nuskha Ilma Arini", "Nurhadi Siswanto", "Ahmad Rusdiansyah" ], "first_author": "Nuskha Ilma Arini", "venue": "IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering", "publisher": "IOP Publishing", "abstract": "Abstract Surabaya City Government tries to have 20% public and 10% private green open space to obey regulation of Indonesian Law No. 26/2007, so that the City Government is actively increasing the number of public green space by creating city parks. With the ever-increasing amount of green open space, maintenance activities are needed, one of which is to do routine watering every day. The problem often faced by the City Government is determining the truck routes to optimize traveling time. Many variables can affect this traveling time, among others, demand, number of vehicles, vehicle capacity, time windows, operating hours and vehicle routes. In practice, a large number of watering locations, irregular routes, and uneven service area assignments often result in overtime which impacts the next shift working hours. The water truck routing problem can be categorized as NP Hard so that the process of scheduling and determining routes use Ant Colony. The objective of this study is to develop a model that can minimize the total routing time and the number of vehicles in the process of filling and watering from the depot to the park. The scenarios developed provides savings in terms of time minimization and distribution of assignments.", "keywords": [ "Overtime", "Government (linguistics)", "Truck", "Park and ride", "Transport engineering", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Indonesian", "Public transport", "Vehicle routing problem", "Business", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Minification" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1072/1/012006/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4402799224", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4966127", "title": "Optimizing the Efficiency of Logistics Using Hybrid Truck-Drone Collaborative Delivery", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shih‐Hao Lu", "R. Thundil Karuppa Raj", "Yun-Hsin Lin" ], "first_author": "Shih‐Hao Lu", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Computer science", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Aeronautics", "Engineering", "Aerospace engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4966127" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413839508", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5418654", "title": "Arc Routing Problems with Multiple Trucks and Drones: A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Abhay Sobhanan", "Hadi Charkhgard", "Changhyun Kwon" ], "first_author": "Abhay Sobhanan", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Arc routing", "Arc (geometry)", "Truck", "Drone", "Vehicle routing problem", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Genetic algorithm", "Algorithm", "Engineering", "Computer network", "Aerospace engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5418654" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3043645560", "doi": "10.35631/jistm.516004", "title": "ANALYSIS OF THE CONGESTION FACTORS AT THE OFF-DOCK DEPOT, MALAYSIA: ANALYTIC HIERARCHICAL PROCESS APPROACH", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-03-15", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Rosmaizura Mohd Zain", "Ainon Ramli" ], "first_author": "Rosmaizura Mohd Zain", "venue": "Journal of Information System and Technology Management", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The growth of container handling in the maritime industry has led to rapid growth in the transport services sector. Transportation is one of the most important logistics activities for the movement of goods if needed by the customer. However, the encouraging growth of container volume has caused congestion and adversely affected truck access to the container terminal or storage area. Therefore, this study aims to determine the ranking of the congestion factors, as well as the stakeholders that mostly influence this issue through the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) technique. In the AHP analysis, the shipping line (43%) represented the highest percentage which affected the congestion problems, and operational handling (34%) was the main contributor among the five factors. Finally, future studies can be carried out by taking into account the factors and stakeholders involved to minimize congestion problems.", "keywords": [ "Analytic hierarchy process", "Container (type theory)", "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Ranking (information retrieval)", "Traffic congestion", "Process (computing)", "Operations research", "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Business", "Computer science", "Operations management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.35631/jistm.516004" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2982022736", "doi": "10.1007/978-981-13-9718-9_55", "title": "A Research on Vibration Performance of Light-Duty Truck Doors Based on Road Load Spectrum", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-10-25", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Xinping Yan", "Di Jiang", "Yangyang Bai", "Weitian Yi", "Zhenyu Guo", "Zhaochuan Jiang" ], "first_author": "Xinping Yan", "venue": "Lecture notes in electrical engineering", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Doors", "Truck", "Vibration", "Frame (networking)", "Displacement (psychology)", "Engineering", "Structural engineering", "Computer science", "Response spectrum", "Automotive engineering", "Mechanical engineering", "Acoustics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9718-9_55" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4411572777", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5317463", "title": "A Shared Framework of Unpairing Truck-Drone Coordination with Cross-Fleet Reallocation", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yuhang Han", "Yuxuan Sun", "Wang Li", "Dong Sasha" ], "first_author": "Yuhang Han", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Computer science", "Transport engineering", "Aeronautics", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5317463" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1989612371", "doi": "10.4141/a06-048", "title": "Effect of sunflower seed supplementation on the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue of pasture-fed and feedlot finished beef", "year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "J. A. Basarab", "P. S. Mir", "Jennifer Lynn Aalhus", "Md Ashrafuzzaman Shah", "Vern S. Baron", "E. K. Okine", "Wayne M. Robertson" ], "first_author": "J. A. Basarab", "venue": "Canadian Journal of Animal Science", "publisher": "Canadian Science Publishing", "abstract": "This study examined the effects of whole sunflower seed (WSS) supplementation on pasture and in finishing diets on the fatty acid profile of muscle [gastrocnemius (GN), longissimus thoracis (LT), intercostals (IC)] and adipose tissue [subcutaneous (SQ), intermuscular (IM)]. Ninety-six yearling steers averaging 410 kg were randomly allocated to three pasture (P) dietary treatments: (1) supplemented with WSS (P-WSS, n = 48); (2) supplemented with cracked barley grain (P-BAR, n = 24), and (3) not supplemented (P-CON, n = 24). Steers rotationally grazed meadow bromegrass-alfalfa pasture for 66 d. After 66 d on pasture, half the steers from each dietary treatment were trucked to a feedlot where they were adjusted to finishing diets. The remaining 48 steers continued with their dietary treatment on stockpiled pasture for an additional 47 d (SD = 11) until they were slaughtered directly off pasture. In the feedlot, half the steers from each pasture dietary treatment were fed either a control (83% rolled barley, 10% alfalfa hay, 5% barley silage, 1% molasses and 1% vitamin/mineral premix; F-CON) or a WSS supplemented diet (68% rolled barley, 15% WSS, 10% alfalfa hay, 5% barley silage, 1% molasses and 1%; F-WSS). Provision of WSS to steers grazing pasture for 113 d followed by direct slaughter increased cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in the muscles by 17.0 to 29.1% (GN, 0.570 vs. 0.467; LT, 0.515 vs. 0.399; IC, 0.531 vs. 0.454 mg 100 mg-1 fat) and in adipose tissue by 32.0% in IM (0.636 vs. 0.482 mg 100 mg-1 fat) and 40.3% in SQ (0.839 vs. 0.598 mg 100 mg-1 fat) fat depots compared with control steer slaughtered directly off pasture. On pasture supplementation of WSS also increased C18:1 trans-11 content in muscle by 20.1 to 40.8% and in IM adipose tissue by 55.0%. The inclusion of WSS in finishing diets increased CLA cis-9 trans-11 content in muscle by 31.5 to 209.0% and in adipose tissue by 40.7% in the SQ fat and 25.6% in the IM fat. It also increased C18:1 trans-11 content in muscle by 80.0 to 207.3% and in adipose tissue by 181% in the IM fat and 224% in the SQ fat. Strong, positive relationships were observed between tissues in the concentration of CLA cis-9 trans-11, C18:1 trans-11 and C18:3 (R2, 0.69–0.88; P < 0.0001). The results indicate that increasing the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in beef cattle diets increased the levels of CLA cis-9 trans-11 and C18:1 trans-11 in muscle and fat tissues. Key words: Beef, pasture, feedlot, fatty acid profile, conjugated linoleic acids, vaccenic acid", "keywords": [ "Feedlot", "Pasture", "Hay", "Silage", "Animal science", "Adipose tissue", "Grazing", "Beef cattle", "Biology", "Tenderness", "Agronomy", "Endocrinology" ], "cited_by_count": 22, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.4141/A06-048" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7140337616", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2603.23135", "title": "The relief distribution problem with trucks and drones under incomplete demand information", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-24", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Aaron Neugebauer", "Alena Otto", "Marie Schmidt" ], "first_author": "Aaron Neugebauer", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Disaster relief operations often take place under uncertainty regarding the extent of damage across locations. In this paper, we study the delivery of relief aid in the aftermath of disasters when delivery vehicles are assisted by surveillance drones and the demand for relief supplies is initially unknown. We introduce a stylized problem that arises in many emergency supply delivery settings -- the relief distribution problem (RDP). In RDP, emergency vehicles, referred to as trucks, must distribute relief supplies on a network, starting from the depot to potential delivery locations, whose demand is initially unknown. The trucks are assisted by surveillance drones, which cannot deliver relief supplies, but scout delivery locations to see whether relief supplies are needed or not. The objective is to visit all location by any vehicle, deliver supplies to all damaged ones, and minimizing the completion time of the relief operation. We study two natural policies for the online problem RDP which we evaluate in two ways: the competitive ratio quantifies the performance in comparison to an optimal solution obtained under full information on damages, the drone-impact is the ratio of the algorithm's performance to the best outcome achievable without drones. Through theoretical analysis and computational experiments, we characterize the operational trade-offs between these policies and derive insights for the effective deployment of drones in disaster response.", "keywords": [ "Emergency relief", "Stylized fact", "Truck", "Software deployment", "Drone", "Emergency management", "Natural disaster" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.23135" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4403279940", "doi": "10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.09.257", "title": "Energy-Optimized Truck Door Assignment Problem (TDA): Scalability and Capacity Analysis", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Amna Altaf", "Adnen El Amraoui", "François Delmotte", "Christophe Lecoutre" ], "first_author": "Amna Altaf", "venue": "IFAC-PapersOnLine", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "The Energy-Optimized Truck Door Assignment Problem (TDA) addresses the optimization of truck assignments to doors in cross-docking facilities with the aim of minimizing energy consumption and operational costs. In this paper, we propose a scalable optimization model for the TDA and evaluate its capacity to handle varying numbers of trucks and doors. The model integrates mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) techniques to formulate the assignment problem, considering constraints such as truck arrival times, door capacities, and energy-efficient routing strategies. Through a comprehensive analysis, we assess the scalability and effectiveness of the TDA model in optimizing truck door assignments and promoting energy-efficient logistics operations. Results indicate promising performance and highlight opportunities for further research in sustainable logistics management.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Scalability", "Computer science", "Mathematical optimization", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering", "Mathematics", "Database" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.09.257" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4400033060", "doi": "10.31274/cc-20240624-44", "title": "A Hybrid Delivery Planning Platform Considering Truck, Robot, and Crowdsourced Delivery", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-05-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sina Aghakhani" ], "first_author": "Sina Aghakhani", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The growing demand for advanced solutions in last-mile logistics is critical to reduce delivery expenses, ease traffic in urban areas, and minimize environmental pollution. In response, this paper explores a promising concept: a two-echelon truck-based robot-crowdsourced delivery system featuring en-route and parking charging for last-mile delivery in logistics operations. The focus is on addressing operational challenges faced by logistics service providers, specifically optimizing routes for vehicles transporting customer parcels from depots to selected optimal parking locations. From these locations, an optimal number of autonomous devices, such as robots, are dispatched from vehicles to perform last-mile deliveries. Additionally, the system embraces the efficiency of crowdsourced delivery, where regular people drivers contribute to the timely and efficient delivery of orders, further enhancing the adaptability and resilience of the logistics network. Utilizing the period when trucks transport robots offers the opportunity to recharge the robots, contributing to the improved efficiency of the distribution system. This paper introduces a comprehensive multi-objective optimization model designed for the cost-efficient routing of a truck-and-robot system specifically tailored for last-mile deliveries with time windows. The model aims not only to minimize overall delivery costs but also considers penalty costs for late deliveries, and optimizing the total system delivery efficiency. This innovative solution demonstrates its potential in significantly reducing costs and traffic, making it a valuable contribution to the ongoing discourse on sustainable urban logistics. To make sure our proposed model is effective and valid, we perform a sensitivity analysis using the LP-metric method. Additionally, we speed up the process of finding the model's pareto front for smaller instances by applying an augmented epsilon constraint method.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Food delivery", "Robot", "Computer science", "Delivery system", "Human–computer interaction", "Simulation", "Engineering", "Business", "Artificial intelligence", "Aerospace engineering", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/105742" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4362583657", "doi": "10.58837/chula.the.2020.112", "title": "Lagrangian relaxation method for integrated vehicles and drones routing model", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Perawit Charoenwut", "Manoj Lohatepanont", "Shin-ei Takano" ], "first_author": "Perawit Charoenwut", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Nowadays, e-commerce increases parcel transportation demand year by year. Many companies are seeking the way to improve performance of delivery service and cost-efficiency. One among many solutions is using a drone attached with a truck for the last mile delivery. A drone can be launched from either depot or truck and returned to the depot or wait for the truck to take them back from the docking station around the delivery area. The vehicle routing problem with drones considers truck- and drone-route simultaneously. It is an enormous problem that cannot be solved by a normal linear programming method. This research proposes the Lagrangian relaxation technique, in conjunction with the Branch-and-Price technique, to estimate the lower bound of the solution in each iteration of the Branch-and-Price. The lower bound from the Lagrangian relaxation is tighter than the solution from the Column generation which can improve the total solution time. The bound use in Branch-and-Price as a fathom condition, these help the search tree not to explore unnecessary nodes. The computational experiment includes randomly generated instances and real-world instances. Moreover, the operation cost of truck-based and truck-drone-based are compared to point out the benefit of using drones.", "keywords": [ "Lagrangian relaxation", "Drone", "Truck", "Column generation", "Vehicle routing problem", "Branch and price", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Branch and bound", "Lagrangian", "Upper and lower bounds", "Operations research" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://cuir.car.chula.ac.th/bitstream/123456789/77162/1/6170231921.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171775806", "doi": "10.1007/s10951-026-00879-y", "title": "Launching drones from a vessel: routing unmanned aerial vehicles from a linearly moving depot", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-30", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nils Boysen", "Helmut Sedding" ], "first_author": "Nils Boysen", "venue": "Journal of Scheduling", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": "Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (or drones) are expected to free urban areas from the negative impacts of traditional last-mile delivery by trucks and vans. To overcome one of the major operational challenges of drones, their limited range, existing concepts propose to launch them either from decentralized depots or trucks moving through the city center. Both solutions have drawbacks, so recent ideas suggest using river barges as mobile launch platforms. These ships act as linearly moving depots for drone launches, and this paper investigates the resulting routing problem when serving a given set of customers. First, we formulate the basic optimization problem and derive some structural properties through an in-depth computational complexity analysis. Based on these insights, we derive appropriate methods to attain exact, $$\\rho $$ ρ -approximative, or heuristic solutions, and apply them to evaluate the potential savings of delivery vans (benchmarked as a standalone delivery option and as a van-drone tandem) if, instead, drones are launched from ships or trains.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Heuristic", "Vehicle routing problem", "Set (abstract data type)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-026-00879-y" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7212289434", "doi": "10.1108/jhlscm-10-2025-0201", "title": "Dynamic truck UAV location inventory routing for postdisaster humanitarian logistics", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-11", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yong Jin Lee" ], "first_author": "Yong Jin Lee", "venue": "Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management", "publisher": "Emerald Publishing Limited", "abstract": "Purpose This study aims to develop and evaluate a dynamic, multi-item, multiperiod location–inventory–routing model for postdisaster relief that jointly determines day-by-day distribution center (DC) activation under an exogenous availability calendar, inventory buffering, truck line-haul replenishment, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) last-mile service and inter-DC UAV redeployment. This study also benchmarks flexible and restricted operating policies; examines sensitivity to demand surges, UAV speed, sortie capacity, holding cost and road detours; and evaluates rolling-horizon reoptimization under progressively revealed demand, facility and UAV-availability disruptions. Design/methodology/approach The author formulates a mixed-integer linear program on a time-expanded two-echelon truck–DC–UAV network. Using an earthquake-response benchmark, the baseline (BS) policy is compared with cross-dock-only, always-open, static-open and no-redeployment variants. Sensitivity analyses vary demand surges, UAV speed, daily sortie limits, inventory-holding costs and road-detour factors. A separate six-day rolling-horizon experiment compares ORACLE, ROLLING and nonadaptive execution across four structured disruption classes, with 30 replications per class, to evaluate adaptive performance under progressively released information. Findings The flexible BS consistently achieves the lowest cost; under demand surges from 2× to 10×, total cost rises from 8,233 to 18,541. Most speed-related savings occur between 40 and 60 km/h, while the main sortie-capacity gains occur around 4–6 sorties per UAV per day in this benchmark. BS remains least costly across road-detour factors from 1.0 to 4.0. In rolling-horizon tests, ROLLING closely matches ORACLE’s total cost and planned-network/emergency-supply split, although both rely substantially on emergency/external supply under deliberately severe disruptions. Originality/value This study integrates four features rarely considered together in humanitarian logistics: time-varying DC usability, an explicit multiperiod horizon, hybrid truck–UAV two-echelon distribution and interperiod UAV redeployment while also incorporating multi-item inventory carryover. Beyond static policy comparison, it shows how these flexibilities perform under demand surges, road inefficiency and progressively revealed disruptions. The framework therefore links facility operability, inventory positioning, line-haul replenishment, UAV dispatch and adaptive reoptimization within one decision-support model, providing a structured basis for resilient postdisaster truck–DC–UAV planning.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Baseline (sea)", "Sensitivity (control systems)", "Total cost", "Service (business)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Service level", "Vehicle routing problem" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-10-2025-0201" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1568490743", "doi": "10.2495/ut050581", "title": "A web-based support tool to coordinate logistic activities in dense populated areas using auctions", "year": 2005, "publication_date": "2005-03-22", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Matthias Stickel", "Kai Furmans" ], "first_author": "Matthias Stickel", "venue": "WIT transactions on the built environment", "publisher": "WIT Press", "abstract": "In the context of research project MOSCA (MOSCA: Decision Support System for Integrated Door-To-Door Delivery: Planning and Control in Logistic Chains, IST 2000-29557), promoted by the European Union, a prototype of a web-based support tool (web-portal) was developed. Its purpose was to improve communication and coordination between participants of the traffic system. These participants were divided into two segments: the supply-side and the demand-side. The supply-side consists of cities and municipalities which supply the traffic infrastructure. On the other hand, the senders and receivers of goods (companies, stores) use (demand) this traffic infrastructure. The starting point is the rising extent of utilization of the traffic system in urban areas, which today has already reached its capacity limits. In order to work against this, the city of Lugano in Switzerland examined whether it is meaningful to limit the entry of trucks into the city. Only vehicles that can show proof of an existing parking bay will be granted admission into the city center. Thereby the possibility of dynamic pricing of parking areas and the assignment of parking bays by means of auctions were investigated. The suggested web-portal represents a technical possibility to implement such an access restriction. By publishing information of open capacities, all participants are able to realize more efficient plans of city-logistic activities in dense populated areas, since this information can be used in logistic planning algorithms. For the covering abstract see ITRD E129315.", "keywords": [ "Context (archaeology)", "Transport engineering", "Truck", "Business", "Order (exchange)", "Supply and demand", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Geography", "Economics", "Finance" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/UT05/UT05058FU.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7214336728", "doi": "10.1287/trsc.2025.0523", "title": "Return of the Robots: The Truck-and-Robot Routing Problem with Robot Reuse and Reallocation", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Tobias Huf", "Manuel Ostermeier" ], "first_author": "Tobias Huf", "venue": "Transportation Science", "publisher": "Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences", "abstract": "Retailers and logistics providers must adapt and extend their delivery systems to address the constantly increasing challenges in last-mile delivery. Reverse logistics tasks add to these challenges as about 45% of orders involve product returns. Consequently, efficient integration of delivery solutions with innovative return strategies is becoming a basic requirement for ensuring sustainable and resilient operations. Such delivery systems must enhance customer experience while mitigating delivery costs, congestion, and emissions in urban areas. This study proposes a concept that addresses key challenges in last-mile delivery using the innovative setting of collaborative truck and robot operations. The proposed concept fully leverages the collaborative system’s advantages and enables efficient handling of deliveries and return shipments. It extends existing frameworks by incorporating new features, such as robot reallocations and reuse, while also addressing practical limitations, such as limited robot depot capacities and robot return routing strategies. We formalize the arising routing problem that integrates truck and robot routing, requiring synchronization between both vehicle types while determining stop locations, visit frequencies, and robot movements. We develop a recombination-based matheuristic based on a genetic algorithm and a compact integer program for robot routing referred to as the robot routing problem with autonomous reallocation, reuse, and returns. Numerical experiments demonstrate the algorithm’s efficiency, reducing runtime by up to 93% compared with a benchmark while also improving solution quality. Furthermore, the advanced robot movements ensure feasible operations where previous concepts made simplifying assumptions. Operational costs can be reduced by up to 27% by reallocating and reusing more than half of the robots deployed. The extended and independent robot movements within the collaborative system substantially increase flexibility, constituting a promising alternative for sustainable and efficient last-mile delivery in the future. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on Climate-Resilient, Smart Transportation of People and Goods. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2025.0523 .", "keywords": [ "Robot", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Reuse", "Truck", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Synchronization (alternating current)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2025.0523" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3201550086", "doi": "10.1016/j.socl.2021.100019", "title": "A fuzzy optimization model for methane gas production from municipal solid waste", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-09-20", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Abbas Al‐Refaie", "Ahmad Al-Hawadi", "Natalija Lepkova" ], "first_author": "Abbas Al‐Refaie", "venue": "Soft Computing Letters", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "The availability of non-renewable fossil fuels in Jordan continues to decrease, which increases reliance on energy sources, such as, methane gas produced from municipal solid waste (MSW). Furthermore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, solid wastes were significantly increased, especially in lockdown periods and this increase requires an immediate response to this global emergency by improving MSW management system. Unfortunately, little previous research efforts have been directed to propose optimization models that optimize concurrently economic and environmental aspects with the utilization of the available resources from transportation trucks of different types and capacities. This research, therefore, develops an optimization model for efficient MSW management system to increase the percentage of waste transported from multiple depots to anaerobic digestion plants (ADP) or recycling centers. The objective function of the optimization model is two-fold; maximizing quantities of transported waste and minimizing both transportation costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated from different types of transport trucks over a six-day period. A case study was presented, where the optimization results showed that on average 1236.36 mega Watt-hour (MWh) of energy potential at a minimal average processing cost of 165.22 $/ton could be generated from transported 3540 tons of waste over six days. Such energy can be utilized to promote sustainability and develop an eco-city powered by renewable energy. In conclusion, the proposed model is found efficient in enhancing the performance of the existing MSW and results in significant reductions in environmental impacts and transportation costs and maximizing trucks and facilities utilizations.", "keywords": [ "Greenhouse gas", "Truck", "Municipal solid waste", "Waste management", "Fossil fuel", "Renewable energy", "Environmental science", "Waste-to-energy", "Landfill gas", "Anaerobic digestion", "Total cost", "Environmental engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666222121000095/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4401441430", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4921329", "title": "The Two-Tier Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Robot Stations and Time Windows", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Giovanni Campuzano", "Eduardo Lalla‐Ruiz", "Martijn Mes" ], "first_author": "Giovanni Campuzano", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Depot", "Computer science", "Robot", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer network", "Artificial intelligence", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4921329" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7172244450", "doi": "10.21256/zhaw-37220", "title": "Launching drones from a vessel : routing unmanned aerial vehicles from a linearly moving depot", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-30", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nils Boysen", "Helmut Sedding" ], "first_author": "Nils Boysen", "venue": "Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften digital collection (Zurich University of Applied Sciences)", "publisher": "ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Depot", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Cruise missile", "Mobile robot" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/11475/37220" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163585391", "doi": "10.3390/logistics10060128", "title": "Development of an Integrated Optimization Model for Container Relocation and Truck Appointment Scheduling (TAS)", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-04", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yosi Agustina Hidayat", "Fariz Affandi Harahap" ], "first_author": "Yosi Agustina Hidayat", "venue": "Logistics", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Background: The rise in global throughput has created major challenges for container terminals and depots, especially in managing limited storage space and unsynchronized truck pickup schedules from different companies. These conditions complicate the organization, retrieval, and relocation of containers, especially when target containers are located in the middle of stacks. This study aims to develop an integrated optimization model that combines Truck Appointment Scheduling (TAS) and Restricted Block Relocation Problem (RBRP) to minimize container relocations, coordinate pickup schedules, and improve operational efficiency. Methods: An integer programming model is formulated to integrate relocation and scheduling decisions by considering practical operational constraints, including maximum stack capacity, queue length, crane movement capacity, relocation validity, prevention of redundant movements, and efficient slot utilization. Two solution schemes are evaluated, simultaneous RPRP-TAS approaches and sequential TAS-then-RBRP approaches, to minimize relocations. Results: The results show that the simultaneous approach produces fewer relocation and more stable than the sequential approach. Sensitivity analysis also confirms that the simultaneous scheme is more robust to variations in the number of containers and crane movement capacity, while maintaining comparable pickup time-shift performance. Conclusions: The simultaneous integration of RBRP and TAS provides coordinated, practical, and efficient decision support for depot and terminal operations.", "keywords": [ "Relocation", "Pickup", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Truck", "Container (type theory)", "Queue", "Integrated business planning", "Integer programming", "Queueing theory" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics10060128" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2565378177", "doi": "10.1109/uksim.2016.22", "title": "A Heuristic Approach for Vehicle Scheduling Problem with Time and Capacity Constraints", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-04-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mohamed Masoud", "Sanghoon Lee", "Saeid O. Belkasim" ], "first_author": "Mohamed Masoud", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Vehicle Scheduling Problem (VSP) with time and capacity constraints is a real life logistic open problem that is difficult to model and hard to solve. A typical case of study of this category is the Ready Mixed Concrete Delivery Problem (RMCDP), in which the objective of the delivery operation adheres to strict time and capacity constraints. In Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) delivery process, there is a need to predetermine the sites-trips assignments according to the problem objective and the available resources in a feasible and optimal way. In this paper, we developed a heuristic-based modeling approach for simulating and optimizing the RMCDP. This approach combines dynamic programming with tailored heuristic technique to handle all constraints. Our proposed algorithm provides efficient scheduling solution for the single depot RMCDP that maximizes the number of sites to be serviced by minimizing both of the resource-assignment to each site and the truck waiting time at the depot.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Mathematical optimization", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Job shop scheduling", "Heuristic", "Truck", "Dynamic priority scheduling", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/uksim.2016.22" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2249231008", "doi": null, "title": "New Planning Benchmarks: Vehicle Routing Problem Variants", "year": 2010, "publication_date": "2010-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Peter J. Gregory" ], "first_author": "Peter J. Gregory", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a classical problem in Operations Research. It is a generalisation of the Travelling Salesman Problem in which a set of locations must be visted by one of a number of vehicles. All vehicles start and end at a depot location. The aim of the problem is to minimise the total distance covered by the trucks. There are many different variants of the VRP. For example, Capacitated VRP, VRP with Time Windows, VRP with Multiple Depots and VRP with Pickup and Delivery. All of these variants are interesting planning problems, as they deal with resource management, time windows, routing, etc. In this work, we model some of the variants of VRP in PDDL. We provide this as an intersting new benchmark set for planning. Already, many planning benchmarks are based in some way on transportation. Modelling VRP directly allows access to a great quantity of existing benchmark instances. This has the benefit of posing difficult and realistic challenges to existing planners.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.369.9022" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4368248071", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4436902", "title": "A New Perspective on Carrier Collaboration: Collaborative Vehicle Utilization", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sahand Asgharieh Ahari", "Ilke Bakir", "Kees Jan Roodbergen" ], "first_author": "Sahand Asgharieh Ahari", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Perspective (graphical)", "Computer science", "Business", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4436902" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4367178008", "doi": "10.4324/9781003241478-30", "title": "Decarbonizing Road Freight and Alternative Fuels for Urban Logistics", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-04-27", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Geneviève Giuliano", "Sue Dexter" ], "first_author": "Geneviève Giuliano", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Road freight is a significant and growing source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. Globally the transport sector accounts for about 15% of all GHGs; the share is higher in high-income countries. This chapter examines the decarbonization of medium-duty (MD) and heavy-duty (HD) trucks. Trucks are the workhorse of surface goods movement; they transport two-thirds of all goods by weight in the United States and account for nearly all urban last-mile deliveries. The rise in direct consumer deliveries has changed the urban delivery landscape. Medium and heavy-duty trucks have different duty cycles depending on their use. HD trucks can carry liquid chemicals, shipping containers, or refrigerated groceries to a customer, while MD trucks may deliver packages or goods to numerous customers on a single tour. The chapter closes with a discussion of public policy and decarbonization of the vehicle fleet.", "keywords": [ "Business", "City logistics", "Transport engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003241478-30" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3198659488", "doi": "10.1016/j.procs.2021.07.067", "title": "Contribution of AI to improve planning gas stations replenishment: Synthetic Study", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Abderrahim Assahla", "Rachida Ait Abdelouahid", "Abdelaziz Marzak" ], "first_author": "Abderrahim Assahla", "venue": "Procedia Computer Science", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "In a constantly changing environment, the efficiency of a supply chain conditions the survival of the company. In the Petroleum Industry, the supply problem for gas stations is how to distribute products (mainly Petrol and Diesel) from a depot in an optimal manner. It is therefore necessary to determine, for each period of the planning horizon, the station to be visited, the routing and the trucks available to use, the quantity to be delivered of each product and their assignment to the truck compartments, ensuring that no customers are out of stock. The optimal planning of vehicle routing for gas stations replenishment is the objective of this article. As such, a study of the vehicle routing problem (VRP), more precisely on the variant (MC-VRP), was essential to elaborate an initial mathematical modeling of the problem by taking in account the constraints of the petroleum business, and finally in a world where everything is digital, we need the Artificial Intelligence (AI) to help us find a new way to approach the problem.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Computer science", "Vehicle routing problem", "Operations research", "Supply chain", "Time horizon", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Mathematical optimization", "Business", "Automotive engineering", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050921014691/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4406680038", "doi": "10.54389/jxsh5934", "title": "A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization – Travelling Salesman Problem for Efficient Multi Depot Vehicle Routing", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-12-04", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Seedevi Senevirathne", "Chathuri Samarasinghe" ], "first_author": "Seedevi Senevirathne", "venue": "˜The œproceedings of sliit international conference on advancements in science and humanities", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry faces increasing demand to optimize distribution networks to reduce costs. The company seeks to establish a proper redistribution route network, optimize truck allocation, and minimize warehouse operations, administration, and transportation costs while adhering to capacity and volume constraints. To achieve this, the study formulates the problem as a Multi -Depot Vehicle Routing Problem (MDVRP) with 3 depots. The proposed model with the addition of a particle swarm algorithm yields a substantial cost reduction of 21.41% compared to the existing system, demonstrating the potential of hybrid metaheuristic algorithms for addressing complex logistics challenges in the FMCG industry. Keywords: Multi -depot vehicle routing problem; K-Means Clustering; Gravity model; Particle Swarm Optimization; Travelling Salesman Problem", "keywords": [ "Travelling salesman problem", "Particle swarm optimization", "Depot", "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Mathematical optimization", "2-opt", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer network", "Mathematics", "Algorithm", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://rda.sliit.lk/bitstreams/ca372a99-f76b-41db-b60e-542381160ec3/download" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2108536567", "doi": "10.1109/aihas.1993.410551", "title": "An object-oriented multimodel approach to integrate planning, intelligent control and simulation", "year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-12-30", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "J.J. Lee", "WILLA NORRIS", "Paul A. Fishwick" ], "first_author": "J.J. Lee", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The areas of planning, intelligent control and simulation have each spawned their own representational structures. Deliberative planning approaches found within AI are often rule based and simulation is often function based. Intelligent control approaches and the perceived need to integrate reactive control with deliberative planning have suggested an integration of modeling techniques; however, well-formed integration techniques are scarce. The multimodel method for large-scale systems containing intelligent and nonintelligent objects is proposed. The initial results with planning and control within a truck depot show that, with multimodeling, current deliberative planning methods are extended to include a richer set of model types besides production rule systems. Moreover, reactive control is modulated by deliberative planning model structures so that the entire model is well-formed and easy to comprehend.>", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Control (management)", "Set (abstract data type)", "Function (biology)", "Object (grammar)", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/aihas.1993.410551" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2325100877", "doi": null, "title": "Approximation Algorithms for $k$-Delivery TSP", "year": 1995, "publication_date": "1995-08-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Prasad Chalasani", "Rajeev Motwani" ], "first_author": "Prasad Chalasani", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "We provide O(1) approximation algorithms for the following NP-hard problem called k-Delivery TSP: We have at our disposal a truck of capacity k, and there are n depots and n customers at various locations in some metric space, and exactly one item (all of which are identical) at each depot. We want to find an optimal tour using the truck to deliver one item to each customer. Our algorithms run in time polynomial in both n and k. The 1-Delivery problem is one of finding an optimal tour that alternately visits depots and customers. For this case we use matroid intersection to show a polynomial-time 2-approximation algorithm, improving upon a factor 2.5 algorithm of Anily and Hassin. Using this approximation combined with certain lower bounding arguments we show a factor 11.5 approximation to the optimal k-Delivery tour. For the infinite k case we show a factor 2 approximation.", "keywords": [ "Approximation algorithm", "Matroid", "Combinatorics", "Intersection (aeronautics)", "Mathematics", "Bounding overwatch", "Algorithm", "Running time", "Metric (unit)", "Computer science", "Discrete mathematics", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=891652" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1155598022", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-21266-1_10", "title": "Role of Cargo Weight and Volume: Minimizing Costs and CO2 Emissions in Container Transport", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-07-15", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Radoslav Rajković", "Nenad Zrnić", "Sanja Bojić", "Đorđe Stakić" ], "first_author": "Radoslav Rajković", "venue": "Lecture notes in logistics", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Truck", "Port (circuit theory)", "Transport engineering", "Sustainability", "Supply chain", "Containerization", "Business", "Multimodal transport", "Environmental economics", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 7, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21266-1_10" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4285472753", "doi": "10.7799/1787031", "title": "Heavy-Duty Electric Fleet Depot Charging Load Profiles & Substation Load Integration Assessment Results", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Brennan Borlaug", "Matteo Muratori", "Madeline Gilleran", "David Woody", "William E. Muston", "Thomas Canada", "Andrew John Ingram", "Hal Gresham", "Charlie McQueen" ], "first_author": "Brennan Borlaug", "venue": "OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)", "publisher": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information", "abstract": "This data set includes the 24-hour fleet depot charging load profiles (15-min. average demand) and substation load integration assessment results produced for the study, \"Heavy-Duty Truck Electrification and the Impacts of Depot Charging on Electricity Distribution Systems\", published in 2021 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00855-0). The code developed to generate these load profiles is publicly available at https://github.com/NREL/hdev-depot-charging-2021. Please cite as: Borlaug, B., Muratori, M., Gilleran, M., Woody, D., Muston, W., Canada, T., Ingram, A., Gresham, H., and McQueen, C., (2021). \"Heavy-Duty Truck Electrification and the Impacts of Depot Charging on Electricity Distribution Systems\". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00855-0.", "keywords": [ "Heavy duty", "Depot", "Automotive engineering", "Environmental science", "Heavy load", "Peak load", "Electrical engineering", "Engineering", "Geography", "Structural engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.7799/1787031" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2378296266", "doi": null, "title": "Characteristics of Straddle Type Monorail Railway and Its Application Prospects", "year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shengqian Wang" ], "first_author": "Shengqian Wang", "venue": "Zhongguo tiedao kexue", "publisher": "Chinese Academy of Railway Sciences", "abstract": "The straddle type monorail transit system consists of the track, vehicle system, mechanical and electrical facilities, car depot and the comprehensive maintenance base. The monorail track is a bridge structure that bears load as well as supports load and guide the vehicles. The vehicle uses rubber tire wheel that guides the direction and stabilizes the vehicle through the guide wheel and stabilizing wheel installed on both sides of the truck. The structure features make the running mechanism and wheel/rail interaction quite different from that of the regular metro or light rail systems. The main technical features are expressed in three areas, i.e. the truck, track, bridge and turnout. The running mechanism is completely different from that of the steel wheel and steel rail system and the track bridge bears quite great twisting load. The system uses less space, adapts to all kinds of topography, comfortable and environment friendly.", "keywords": [ "Monorail", "Straddle", "Truck", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Track (disk drive)", "Bridge (graph theory)", "Mechanism (biology)", "Structural engineering", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTK200401025.htm" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7157775703", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0346970", "title": "Research on emergency truck dispatching scheme for the high speed railway freight interruption", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shuaixin Guo", "Zhuojun Hu", "Su Zhao", "Jia Feng" ], "first_author": "Shuaixin Guo", "venue": "PLoS ONE", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "abstract": "Subject to the risk of disruptions in high-speed rail (HSR) logistics networks caused by natural disasters or equipment failures, this study proposes an emergency scheduling optimization framework based on truck transshipment. By establishing a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model that integrates vehicle deployment point selection, route planning, and timeliness constraints, it achieves, for the first time, multi-level collaborative decision-making covering \"vehicle deployment point selection - truck scheduling - goods transshipment\" following an HSR logistics disruption. An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) algorithm is designed, incorporating a dynamic strategy combining destroy operators (random/worst/Shaw/depot consolidation removal) and repair operators (greedy/regret-2/regret-3 insertion) to generate high-quality scheduling schemes. Using both the Zhengzhou-Qingdao Express Rail Line disruption case and multi-scale random instances, the model's effectiveness is validated: ALNS achieves solution quality comparable to CPLEX with a maximum gap of only 0.037% while substantially reducing computation time, and significantly outperforms GA in both solution quality and efficiency.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Software deployment", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Job shop scheduling", "Consolidation (business)", "Computation", "Dynamic priority scheduling", "Linear programming" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0346970" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4321448646", "doi": "10.1049/icp.2022.2709", "title": "Combining energy storage with EV fleet charging", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-11-30", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "A. Rutgers" ], "first_author": "A. Rutgers", "venue": "IET conference proceedings.", "publisher": "Institution of Engineering and Technology", "abstract": "Energy storage systems (ESS) are used to improve the feasibility and economics of adding loads to the grid, or in some cases for running totally islanded operations. Many of the analysis methods for looking at energy storage and microgrids assume a fixed load profile. EV smart charging, such as for a depot of electric buses or electric trucks, can adjust the load profile to the grid needs, providing similar values such as peak shaving and reduced energy costs as an ESS without needing any further hardware. This paper will look at a few of the key value drivers for energy storage combined with EV charging and presents simulation results comparing the solutions with and without EV smart charging. Peak Shaving / Capacity limiting, Load Shifting and Solar cases are discussed. Peak Shaving seeks to reduce the impact of peak tariffs, but EV charging can often be scheduled to avoid creating peaks it the first place, reducing the value. Keeping under an existing power limit is often necessary due to grid capacity constraints and smart charging can reduce the need for energy storage in this case, however, may not eliminate it. Load shifting reduces energy costs by moving energy consumption from expensive time periods to cheaper periods. However, EV smart charging can defer considerable energy consumption, relying on the existing vehicle batteries instead of supplementary energy storage. Storing solar energy can be accomplished with an energy storage system, but depending on the EV fleet load profile, much of the solar energy can potentially be directed immediately in to the EVs without needing further storage.", "keywords": [ "Energy storage", "Peaking power plant", "Automotive engineering", "Computer science", "Energy consumption", "Smart grid", "Grid", "Load profile", "Energy (signal processing)", "Load shifting", "Photovoltaic system", "Peak demand" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.2709" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2286414098", "doi": null, "title": "Analisis Rute Jalan Pengangkutan Sampah di Kota Makassar (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Tamalanrea)", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-08-20", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Rizky Hadijah Fahmi" ], "first_author": "Rizky Hadijah Fahmi", "venue": "Hasanuddin University Repository", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The rapid development of urban development in Indonesia, followed by an increase in migration of rural people to the cities most impact on increasing the number of urban dwellers is also comparable to the waste that will be generated. But not directly accompanied by an increase in waste infrastructure by the government, consequently there is no maximum services and a decline in the quality of the environment, especially on the problem of transporting municipal waste. This research is intended to study the transport of waste in the city of Makassar, particularly in District Tamalanrea. This type of research used in this study is a survey and investigation on the ground. Results of research in the field shows that the waste transportation system in District Tamalanrea Makassar done with 2 (two) ways: door to door and placement of garbage containers in TPS (Disposal meantime). Transporting waste that exists today in the District Tamalanrea Makassar is not effective yet. Where to dump truck DD 9037 AN only operate 1 rit/ day (5 hours) and the number of bins to be transported each day exceeds the capacity of the dump truck itself. As for the arm roll truck DD 9107 AB operates through the Makassar pioneering road axis which is the congestion points. Waste transportation route for effective and efficient arm roll truck heading TPS BTP Tamalanrea is to pass Jl. Tamangapa Raya, Jl. AMD, Jl. Moncongloe, Jl. Katimbang Raya and Jl. Tamalanrea Raya. Where the route is 1 mile shorter than the usual route traveled and can save time travel approximately half an hour. To maximize the performance of the dump truck DD 9037 AN rearrangement is necessary to do the service of transporting waste to the waste volume in 1 ritasi according to the capacity of the dump truck. With the rearrangement, it takes additional time per day operation. So in 1 day, dump trucks hauling trash can operate as much as 2 times ritasi. Needs of the waste hauler vehicles (dump trucks and truck arm roll) needed in Makassar is 10 units of 6 m3 capacity dump truck, and 3 units arm roll trucks capacity of 10 m3.", "keywords": [ "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://repository.unhas.ac.id/handle/123456789/5883" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7108455862", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5860543", "title": "Logic-Based Benders Decomposition approach to solve an Autonomous Drone-Truck Routing Problem", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Jahir Desaily Llagas Ortega", "Marcel Turkensteen", "Sanne Wøhlk" ], "first_author": "Jahir Desaily Llagas Ortega", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Swap (finance)", "Drone", "Benders' decomposition", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Decomposition", "Scheduling (production processes)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5860543" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7135072143", "doi": "10.36339/je.v10i1.491", "title": "Risk-Based Evaluation of Sanitation Hygiene at Drinking Water Refill Depot of PT Y, Surabaya", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-02-24", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Muhammad Ibnu Fauzi", "Aussie Amalia" ], "first_author": "Muhammad Ibnu Fauzi", "venue": "JATI EMAS (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The drinking water depot at PT. Y is crucial for employees to support their work and prevent dehydration and fatigue. However, if health standards are not optimally implemented, it can increase the possibility of contamination, which can impact water quality and employee health. Good drinking water is water that is free from physical, chemical, and microbiological contamination. This study aims to ensure that sanitation and hygiene standards at PT. Y are in good condition. This depot uses raw water from the mountains, transported by tanker trucks and treated through a silica filtration system, activated carbon, micron membranes, and ultraviolet light disinfection. The study used an observation and evaluation approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews. The hygiene and sanitation assessment refers to the Risk-Based Food Hygiene and Sanitation Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health in 2021. After conducting the analysis, the results showed that the drinking water depot at PT. Y generally complies with most sanitation and hygiene requirements, both for quality standard equipment and for handlers. This is evidenced by a very high inspection score of 96.4, indicating a low risk of non-conformity. However, there were minor deficiencies in the building and raw water aspects, for which there were no purchase receipts. These deficiencies can be used as evaluation points for improvements during future audits.", "keywords": [ "Sanitation", "Hygiene", "Christian ministry", "Raw water", "Water quality", "Work (physics)", "Water treatment" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://pdis-jatim.or.id/index.php/jatiemas/article/download/491/294" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413419758", "doi": "10.21872/2024iise_6367", "title": "A branch-and-price algorithm for emergency humanitarian logistics with a mixed truck-drone fleet", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-10-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Abhay Sobhanan", "Sasan Mahmoudinazlou", "Hadi Charkhgard", "Changhyun Kwon" ], "first_author": "Abhay Sobhanan", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Humanitarian aid distribution often prioritizes rapid relief operations or emergency services under time constraints, as opposed to commercial transportation problems, where the primary objective is to minimize operational costs. Drones can offer immense potential to achieve this goal by leveraging their aerial mobility. Specifically, drones can surpass ground transportation and navigate directly through disrupted or inaccessible roads, ensuring the quickest path to deliver aid where the ground vehicle may face obstacles. However, drones have limitations in terms of flying range and load capacity. To effectively provide time-sensitive emergency services, combining a ground vehicle with one or more aerial vehicles enhances coverage. Our approach integrates a truck as a mobile depot for multiple drones, where a drone battery is replenished on landing after a flight, and the fleet operates in tandem to serve the locations visited. We formulate a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to maximize the weighted sum of locations served by this mixed truck-drone fleet under time constraints. We further develop a branch-and-price algorithm to solve this problem, where the pricing subproblem is solved using dynamic programming recursions with dominance rules. Our results demonstrate the computational superiority of this method compared to a commercial optimization solver and its potential for expediting aid distribution during an emergency.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Aeronautics", "Computer science", "Humanitarian Logistics", "Operations research", "Business", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Operations management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.21872/2024iise_6367" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2004102135", "doi": "10.1353/jmh.2004.0085", "title": "Arizona's War Town: Flagstaff, Navajo Ordnance Depot, and World War II (review)", "year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-07-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "E.L. Berg" ], "first_author": "E.L. Berg", "venue": "The Journal of Military History", "publisher": "Society for Military History", "abstract": "Reviewed by: Arizona’s War Town: Flagstaff, Navajo Ordnance Depot, and World War II Erik Berg Arizona’s War Town: Flagstaff, Navajo Ordnance Depot, and World War II. By John S. Westerlund. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8165-2262-6. Maps. Illustrations. Photographs. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Pp. xvii, 304. $39.95. The Second World War was a turning point in the history of many western states. The rapid construction of numerous military installations brought an influx of government funding, military personnel, and civilian workers that transformed the social and economic structure of communities and laid the foundations for much of the growth and industrialization that characterizes the west today. In Arizona's War Town, retired army officer and historian John Westerlund explores these themes by examining the war's impact on the northern Arizona town of Flagstaff and the surrounding Navajo and Hopi Indian reservations. In January of 1942, the Army selected the nearby railroad stop of Bellemont as the site for one of sixteen major ordnance depots that would serve as centralized storage and staging areas for weapons, equipment, and munitions. The construction of over 800 storage bunkers and support buildings eventually brought in over forty-two million dollars in federal funding and a [End Page 996] wave of civilian workers that more than doubled the town's prewar population of five thousand. The resulting economic boom jolted the town out of the Depression, but introduced other challenges. Westerlund describes how patriotism, sacrifice, and hard work were mixed with profiteering, prostitution, racism, and labor troubles that the base commanders and the town's chamber of commerce often struggled to contain. When union leaders attempted to organize the bustling restaurants and bars in May 1942, the town's merchants \"went on strike\" (p. 209) and took the unusual step of briefly closing the entire town in protest. For many, the war also offered new opportunities for income and advancement. Women provided nearly half of the ordnance depot work force and quickly expanded into a variety of nontraditional roles, including forklift operators, truck drivers, mechanics, and munitions inspectors. A unique aspect of the depot's history is the central role played by Native Americans, and especially Navajos, whose contribution gave the installation its name. At times, nearly half of the over two thousand base employees were Indians, making it the war effort's \"largest single concentration of Native Americans at one location\" (p. 224). Language and cultural barriers produced many conflicts between the workers and their military and civilian supervisors until overcome by creative solutions. The author describes how the army built an entire village of Navajo cabins, or \"hogons,\" and even established a traditional trading post on base. The Navajo and Hopi workers themselves developed new processes, reporting structures, and nightly meetings; an experience that later helped many depot employees to achieve leadership roles on the postwar reservation. Although most of the book revolves around the impact of the ordnance depot, Westerlund also includes chapters on a local war hero, Colonel Arman Peterson, and on the naval cadets who trained at the Arizona State Teachers College (now Northern Arizona University) as part of the V-12 program. The author does a good job of balancing an academic analysis of the facts with personal descriptions of individual experiences and events, making the entire work both informative and readable. Although less dramatic than the violent events of the battlefield, Westerlund demonstrates that the often overlooked struggles of the home front were often no less important in both their contribution to the war effort and their lasting impact on our society. Erik Berg Phoenix, Arizona Copyright © 2004 Society for Military History", "keywords": [ "Navajo", "World War II", "Artillery", "Spanish Civil War", "History", "Patriotism", "Economic history", "Population", "Archaeology", "Sociology", "Law", "Politics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2004.0085" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4200595380", "doi": "10.33904/ejfe.1038669", "title": "Integrated Planning of Timber Extraction and Hauling Activities by using Network 2000 Program", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-12-26", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Abdullah Emin AKAY", "Nedimcan ŞEŞEN" ], "first_author": "Abdullah Emin AKAY", "venue": "European Journal of Forest Engineering", "publisher": "Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI)", "abstract": "Planning of forest transportation is a complex problem that requires effective and harmonious design and implementation of various forest operations including extraction, loading, and hauling of forest products. These operations constitute a significant part of the total cost of producing forest products; therefore, developing the most appropriate (minimum cost/maximum net profit) transportation plan has increasing importance for the economic aspect. Computer-aided models can be used to plan the transportation of forest products and systematically searching for the most suitable solution. In this study, a network analysis-based Network 2000 program was used to determine the optimum routes with minimum forest operation costs and maximum net profit of forest products considering two logging truck types (medium and large size). In the solution process, two farm tractors (4x2 and 4x4) for extraction operation and two loaders (tracked and rubber-tired) for loading operation were evaluated. The alternative with the minimum cost was determined using the Network 2000 program. The study was implemented in Kınık Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in the city of Bursa in Turkey, while considering five landing areas where various forest products (i.e. log, mine poles, industrial wood, and paper wood) were extracted from the six harvesting units and hauled to two forest depots. In the study, the optimum solution was searched for two scenarios where only the forest depot which is commonly used in the Kınık FEC was considered in the first scenario while the forest depot of the neighboring enterprise in the region was also evaluated in the second scenario. The results obtained from the first scenario indicated that using large-size tractor reduced the hauling cost by 8% which led to over 1000 TRY reduction in the total cost of forest operations. The hauling cost and total forest operation cost obtained in the second scenario was about 16% and 2% less than that of the cost obtained in the first scenario for the case of large-size truck. On the other hand, total net profit of the forest products received in the second scenario was about 35000 TRY more than that of the net profit received in the first scenario for the case of large-size truck. The optimum farm tractor for skidding operation was successfully selected by the Network 2000 program considering terrain conditions in the harvesting unit and availability of the equipment. Likewise, optimum loader was also determined by considering distribution of the forest products on the landing areas.", "keywords": [ "Forest road", "Truck", "Profit (economics)", "Logging", "Total cost", "Forest product", "Environmental science", "Forest management", "Transport engineering", "Agricultural engineering", "Computer science", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2140484" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4401896778", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4915810", "title": "A branch-and-price algorithm for emergency humanitarian logistics with a mixed truck-drone fleet", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Abhay Sobhanan", "Sasan Mahmoudinazlou", "Hadi Charkhgard", "Changhyun Kwon" ], "first_author": "Abhay Sobhanan", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Aeronautics", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Humanitarian Logistics", "Business", "Engineering", "Aerospace engineering", "Industrial organization" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4915810" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4312758149", "doi": "10.1109/access.2022.3211945", "title": "A Recycling Routing Problem of Broken Bikes With Incentives in Bike Sharing Systems", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Guoxun Xu", "An Zou" ], "first_author": "Guoxun Xu", "venue": "IEEE Access", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "abstract": "In recent years, the truck-based broken bike recycling mode (i.e., dedicated trucks deal with all transportation activities of broken bikes) in bike sharing systems (BSSs) has led to some problems in China, such as BSS operators have no willingness to collect broken bikes from a bike station in time. As a result, many BSSs are in bad condition due to an increase in the number of broken bikes. To solve this problem, many cities in China have started to introduce a new broken bike recycling mode, where some citizens (i.e., sanitation workers, freelancers, volunteers, etc.) are incentivized to participate in recycling activities. To deal with this new recycling mode, a recycling routing problem of broken bikes with incentives in BSSs is proposed, where the recycling operation is performed by citizen participants and a fleet of homogeneous trucks. Participants are incentivized to relocate broken bikes scattered in a BSS to transshipment stations in exchange for monetary rewards, and then these broken bikes are transported from transshipment stations to the depot by trucks. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model to minimize the total operation cost, and an efficient modified tabu search is developed to solve the proposed problem. Experimental results reveal the proposed broken bike recycling mode is beneficial for BSS operators to reduce the operation cost. Experimental results also show the proposed modified tabu search can generate high-quality solutions in short computing times.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Transshipment (information security)", "Computer science", "Incentive", "Vehicle routing problem", "Transport engineering", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Bike sharing", "Integer programming", "Tabu search", "Mode (computer interface)", "Linear programming" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3211945" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4312419610", "doi": "10.1063/5.0124332", "title": "On an active method for improving the adaptability of fire truck transmissions to winter operating conditions", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "N. Barbin", "Michel Savin", "O. Mokrousova", "Alexey I. Borisov", "V. Fedotov", "D. Zyryanov" ], "first_author": "N. Barbin", "venue": "AIP conference proceedings", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "abstract": "This work is a continuation of the study set forth in the article \"Passive method of increasing the adaptability of fire engine transmissions to winter operating conditions. In-deed, the thermal regime has a direct impact on the performance of power transmissions of fire engines (FE). Therefore, the present work proposes and experimentally investigated for efficiency a technical solution providing an increase in traction-speed qualities, durability, economy of fire vehicles in low-temperature conditions. The transmission oil of the drive bridge was heated by an electric heater (EH) from two autonomous batteries connected in series with a resulting voltage of 24 V. The homemade EH with a nominal power of 115 W was mounted in the plug of the drain hole of the crankcase of the front driving controlled bridge of the fire tanker WT-5,0-40 (URAL-3255). On the fire truck, oil temperature measuring equipment was installed, including a temperature sensor TS 014-50M.B3.20/3 and showing a device TPM501 located in the driver's cab. During the study, the main phases of carrying out the FE service in the calculation were modeled. As it is, it follows a typical route (transport mode of operation) at ambient temperature -20 °C, in parking lots as at the place of call (fire), as well as after the FE returns to the unit garage, i.e. when serving in standby mode in conditions of natural convection in calm air at a temperature of 15 °C. It was found that electric heating is very effective. The use reduces by one minute the time to overcome the FE route with a length of 3,6 km. EH significantly accelerates the process of heating oil in the leading bridge in the calm air of the depot, to a lesser extent when following special mobile equipment and very slightly when parking at the place of call.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering", "Electrical engineering", "Environmental science", "Voltage", "Work (physics)", "Marine engineering", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0124332" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4409006173", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-80881-4_1", "title": "Electric Cargo Bikes in Urban Logistics: Scenarios and Their Contribution to Sustainable Mobility", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Natalya Shramenko", "Christoph Hupfer", "Vladyslav Shramenko", "Piotr Trojanowski" ], "first_author": "Natalya Shramenko", "venue": "EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing", "publisher": "Springer International Publishing", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Business", "Sustainable transport", "Environmental planning", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Sustainability", "Ecology" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-80881-4_1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7164860374", "doi": "10.1109/fasta70174.2026.11548792", "title": "Joint Resource Allocation and Routing for Truck-Drone Collaborative Delivery in Complex Urban Environments", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-22", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Ze Li", "Zhenyu Gao", "Ge Guo" ], "first_author": "Ze Li", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper addresses the resource allocation and route coordination problem in a truck-drone collaborative delivery system (TDCDS) under complex urban environments, and a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization framework is developed to jointly optimize customer-to-vehicle assignment, truck routing on a directed road network with turn constraints, and drone task grouping. The proposed method integrates a truck path planner based on A* algorithm and an UAV path planner that groups drone-served customers into feasible sorties under payload and range limitations. By incorporating hard constraints such as parcel weight, and item fragility, the algorithm ensures operational feasibility while minimizing total system cost. Numerical experiments are conducted on a simulated urban delivery instance with 220 customers, and the results show that the proposed GA-based coordination strategy significantly outperforms the truck-only delivery scheme, reducing the total cost by 59.1 % and the mission time by 60.2 %. These findings verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in enabling efficient and scalable truck-drone collaboration.", "keywords": [ "Joint (building)", "Resource allocation", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Resource management (computing)", "Resource (disambiguation)", "Key (lock)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/fasta70174.2026.11548792" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7123291485", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18216890", "title": "e-Logistics: Sequential Dijkstra with Learning Bias for Efficient Truck Routing in Urban Areas", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Zine El Abidine Falouti" ], "first_author": "Zine El Abidine Falouti", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "This research studies the optimization and the generation of the most optimized paths in heavy-traffic urban transport for trucks using modified and dynamic short path algorithms. Logisticians are always in need of effective methods to reduce the cost in the distribution process within a supply chain, and also to determine the best incoterm for their trades, either for sales or acquisition, thus the objective of this research is to equip logisticians with e-Logistics tools and technologies to help them adapt and adjust their planification to gain the most from the incoterm of their choice during every trade. Our focus is to maximize the benefits of the chosen incoterms for each transaction, as this study focuses specifically on urban areas with heavy traffic, which consistently present challenges for logistics optimization, particularly for trucks navigating designated international transport routes or urban delivery points.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Process (computing)", "Supply chain", "Dijkstra's algorithm", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Focus (optics)", "Path (computing)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18216890" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7135330827", "doi": "10.82366/16", "title": "Routing of Hybrid Truck-Drone Delivery Systems: Mathematical Models and Solution Approaches", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-03-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Batool Madani" ], "first_author": "Batool Madani", "venue": "DSpace at AUS (American University of Sharjah)", "publisher": "American University of Sharjah", "abstract": "With the continuous growth of e-commerce, the responsibility of logistics providers for solving last mile delivery challenges is surging. The last mile delivery is the most polluting, most expensive, and least efficient part of the e-commerce supply chain. Therefore, logistics providers seek new solutions to improve delivery operations continuously. Drone advancements have paved the way for several applications in the field of logistics. However, restrictions such as battery and payload capacity have restricted the effective operational use of drones in many practical applications. To assist toward alleviating these operational limitations, several hybrid delivery models incorporating one or more drones launched from a larger vehicle have emerged. A recent research avenue is to integrate drones with traditional delivery methods such as trucks to form a hybrid truck-drone delivery system. The hybrid truck-drone delivery system (HTDDS) has received significant attention in the literature, due to its new operational challenges and the interdependency between the vehicles and their roles. Most of the literature considers a single customer visit per drone dispatch while launching and collecting the drone from customer nodes visited by the truck. In this research, three HTDDS models with drone multi-visits are introduced where the first model investigates the routing considerations of a truck acting as a moving depot for launching and collecting a drone at non-customer nodes. The second model permits flexibility in the drone’s launching and collecting operations by utilizing customer and non-customer nodes. The final model studies the extended version of the second model by employing several trucks in the delivery system as well as considering time-related constraints. For handling large instances of the proposed models, efficient solution approaches with novel strategies are introduced. In specific, a modified saving algorithm with neighborhood reduction schemes and variable neighborhood search frameworks with different neighborhood selection strategies are developed. In addition, a generalized nomenclature for defining the neighborhood structures is established, which can be applied to a variety of routing problems. Extensive computational analysis is performed to validate and test the performance of the proposed solution methods. Numerical findings indicate that the proposed solution methods outperform the basic approaches.", "keywords": [ "Mathematical model", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Work (physics)", "Automation" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.82366/16" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7172218069", "doi": "10.67656/njmse.2023.qyw8n8m6", "title": "Cost-Benefit and Safety Comparison of Road and Pipeline Transport for Petroleum Products in Kano Depot, Nigeria", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Muhammad Auwal Sani", "A. A. Alabi" ], "first_author": "Muhammad Auwal Sani", "venue": "Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The Nigerian downstream petroleum sector faces numerous challenges, including underutilised refineries, poorly maintained pipelines and storage facilities, vandalism, and inadequate transportation infrastructure, all of which hinder the efficient supply and distribution of refined petroleum products nationwide. Originally intended as a supplementary method, road transportation has largely replaced pipeline transport for petroleum product delivery. This descriptive study examines the supply sources, safety implications, costs, and socioeconomic impacts of shifting from pipeline to road truck transportation at the Kano Depot. Data were collected from primary sources through a questionnaire-based survey of 81 randomly selected participants from ten oil transport companies and secondary sources, including interviews, journals, articles, online resources, reports, and templates from relevant petroleum sector agencies. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results identify key supply sources and highlight safety challenges such as poor road conditions, accidents, mechanical failures, and human factors, with correlations indicating interrelationships among these constraints. Cost related issues, including delivery shortages and transportation expenses, were also quantified. The study further evaluates the positive and negative socioeconomic impacts of this transportation shift, with significant p-values derived from various analytical methods.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Pipeline transport", "Petroleum", "Descriptive statistics", "Product (mathematics)", "Pipeline (software)", "Petroleum product", "Economic shortage", "Supply chain" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://njmse.msn.ng/article/cost-benefit-and-safety-comparison-of-road-and-pipeline-transport-for-petroleum-products-in-kano-depot-nigeria.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2240991793", "doi": null, "title": "Safety Challenges Facing Tomorrow's Commercial Drivers and the Role of New Simulation Technology to Meet Them", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jerry A. Wachtel", "Konstantin Sizov", "Donald L. Fisher", "Ronald R. Mourant", "Christopher M Crean" ], "first_author": "Jerry A. Wachtel", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Psychologists talk about road safety as a combination of three components: the driver, the vehicle, and the roadway environment. Although the distinctions were once clear-cut, they have become increasingly blurred as technology continues to facilitate the integration of functions and features. Satellite navigation brings road signs into the vehicle; antilock brakes, intelligent cruise control, radar braking, and the like shift previous driver demands onto vehicle systems. Roadway sensors and cameras enable real-time traffic information to be made available by radio, cell phone, or onboard computer screens. It remains instructive to look at these components separately as contributors to safety, but there is concern that, for all that has been accomplished to bring down the crash and fatality rates in commercial vehicle operations over the years, developments are moving in directions that will pose increasing challenges to truck and bus safety in the years ahead. There is a bright future for simulation in the training and assessment of bus and truck drivers, and it lies not with costly, high-fidelity simulators, but with relatively low-cost, part-task simulators that can be available wherever and whenever needed. Such simulators can be located in the depots of truck and bus companies, at truck stops and highway rest areas, and in other locations that professional drivers frequent. These simulators could be placed into service as part of a larger, redesigned driver training and assessment environment that provides financial, psychological, and functional incentives for their use.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Cruise control", "Engineering", "Phone", "Transport engineering", "Radar", "Advanced driver assistance systems", "Aeronautics", "Control (management)", "Simulation", "Computer security", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/781324" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7123257916", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18216891", "title": "e-Logistics: Sequential Dijkstra with Learning Bias for Efficient Truck Routing in Urban Areas", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Zine El Abidine Falouti" ], "first_author": "Zine El Abidine Falouti", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "This research studies the optimization and the generation of the most optimized paths in heavy-traffic urban transport for trucks using modified and dynamic short path algorithms. Logisticians are always in need of effective methods to reduce the cost in the distribution process within a supply chain, and also to determine the best incoterm for their trades, either for sales or acquisition, thus the objective of this research is to equip logisticians with e-Logistics tools and technologies to help them adapt and adjust their planification to gain the most from the incoterm of their choice during every trade. Our focus is to maximize the benefits of the chosen incoterms for each transaction, as this study focuses specifically on urban areas with heavy traffic, which consistently present challenges for logistics optimization, particularly for trucks navigating designated international transport routes or urban delivery points.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Process (computing)", "Supply chain", "Dijkstra's algorithm", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Focus (optics)", "Path (computing)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18216891" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2412148746", "doi": null, "title": "Evaluasi sistem antrian pada depot minyak residu di PPT Migas Cepu", "year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "id", "authors": [ "Baskoro Nugroho S.", "MSc. Prof.Ir. Boma Wikan Tyoso" ], "first_author": "Baskoro Nugroho S.", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Penelitian dengan judul EVALUASI SISTEM ANTRIAN PAD ADEPOT MINYAK RESIDU ptt MIGAS CEPU, dilakukan oleh penulis dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh perusahaan ini telah menerapkan teori antrian, dan apakah perusahaan ini telah menerapkan .sistem antrian yang sesuai dengan baik dalam upayanya untuk memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik bagi konsumen-konswennya.\r Selain itu juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah fasilitas-fasilitas yang ada pada depot ini telah difungsikan oleh perusahaan dengan tingkat efisiensi yang tinggi. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini difokuskan pada pelayanan pengisian minyak residu jenis R - I dan minyak residu jenis R - 30. Dan truk tangki yang diamati adalah truk tangki yang hanya memiliki 1 manhole. Adapun prosedur penelitian yang dilakukan adalah test kecukupan data yaitu suatu test yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah data yang telah diambil sudah mencukupi atau belum, pengujian distribusi fi-ekwensi yaitu suatu uji untuk mengetahui jenis distribusi yang paling sesuai dengan data yang didapat, uji Goodness of Fit yaitu suatu pengujian terhadap persesuaian fiekwensi hasil pengamatan dengan fi-ekwensi teoritisnya dan pemakaian simulasi yaitu suatu sarana untuk memproyeksikan data yang telah diteliti tersebut dalam suatu model yang telah dibuat menyerupai dengan kondisi realita yang ada, dan pada akhirnya bisa dimodifikasikan untuk mendapatkan suatu kondisi baru yang % dianggap lebih efisien.\r Analisis sistem antrian yang dilakukan di dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara kwantitatif yaitu dengan teknik statistik dimana ditentukan dengan menggunakan tingkat ketlitian sebesar 95% dengan pertimbangan bahwa di dalam industri taraf nyata atau significant level sebesar 5% masih dapat diterima dan tidak memberikan penyimpangan yang dapat mempengaruhi jalannya produksi perusahaan. Dan dalam penelitian ini, untuk membuat keputusannya akan menggunakan tabel Kai Kwadrat (X2). Dan semua data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini memberikan nilai yang lebih besar dari nilai kritis yang telah ditentukan dengan menggunakan tabel Kai Kwadrat (X2) yang paling sesuai, sehingga distribusi-distribusi fi-ekwensi teoritik yang diperkirakan dalam penelitian ini tidak diterima.\r Had analisis dalam penelitian ini ,yang diperoleh dari hasil simulasi yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Arena Ver 3.01 menunjukkan bahwa sistem antrian yang diberlakukan di lingkungan PPT Migas Cepu terutama pada fasilitas loading yang berjumlah sebanyak 2 buah telah bekeja dengan tingkat , kesibukan sebesar 94,277 % yang kemudian mengakibatkan jumlah antrian akan semakin panjang yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai akhir sebesar 1 atau 100 % pada akhir simulasi yang telah dilakukan beberapa kali.\n\nThe research with title EVAUASI SISTEM ANTRIAN PADA DEPOT MINYAK RESIDU PPT MIGAS CEPU, written with purpose to know how the company implement the waiting line theory and is it work well in companies mission gives the best service for its customer. Beside that, the research has pqvosed to analyze the eficiency degree of company's facilities.\r The research will be focused in loading system only, especially in residual oil type R - I and R - 30. And the observation will be focused for truck with one manhole. Procedures in this research are: - Data sufficient test; the test is a tool to know number of data observation enough or not. Frequency distribution test; the test has purpose to how distribution type of observation data. Goodness of Fit test; the test is to know that observation data follow a theoretic distribution or not, and Simulation; it is a tool to apply data observation in a model that it is like a reality condition. Andfinally in this tool, we can modijkation for the best condition. - - ' -\r The waiting line analysis in this research is done using the quantitative method which using a statistical technique using a significant level 95%. Using Chi - Quadrate (2)ta ble, did the research decision. All data in this research have the higher value than the critical value, which had been determined by using the Chi - Quadrate (2)ta ble. The research analysis in this research by using Arena Ver 3.01 software shows that waiting line system in the company especially in loading facilities (2 units) have worked 94.277 % in a day.", "keywords": [ "Physics", "Humanities", "Art" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/9467" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3209358309", "doi": "10.54030/2788-564x/2021/v1i2a6", "title": "Socio-Environmental Effects of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Depot, Apata, Ibadan on the Adjoining Neighbourhoods", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-10-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Olayide Josiah Omirin" ], "first_author": "Olayide Josiah Omirin", "venue": "Journal of inclusive cities and built environment", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Nigeria, one of the major crude oil producing countries in the world, transports petroleum products through pipelines to several oil depots located across the country from where it is trucked to end users. Activities within these depots are known to have impact on their immediate environment due to the nature of operations and the externalities generated. This paper therefore examined the socio-environmental effects of the Nigerian National Petroleum Depot, Apata, Ibadan on its immediate neighbourhood. A case study approach utilising primary and secondary data collection was adopted in which 205 residential buildings and respondents were proportionally selected for sampling from four neighbourhoods within 500 metres radius of the facility. An environmental audit including ground water samples were randomly collected for testing and analysis from Adebisi stream and residential hand-dug wells. Findings revealed local access road incapacitation emanating from indiscriminate parking of fuel tankers and spiralling into constant traffic congestion on major roads. Desludging of fuel storage tanks (79.5%) resulting into regular effluent discharge into the Adebisi stream and fume emission (62.6%), were attested to by residents. Water quality analysis revealed a high concentration of lead (pb.0.06mg/l) above the maximum permissible limit of (0.01mg/l) for potable water. Other detected metals, Cadmium (0.003mg/l), Copper (0.006mg/l) and Zinc (3.0 mg/l) were all within the appropriate recommended limits. The study recommended a periodic environmental audit and regular dialogue with stakeholders of the host communities for socio-environmental sustainability.", "keywords": [ "Petroleum", "Environmental science", "Environmental engineering", "Environmental quality", "Environmental protection", "Geography", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journals.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/JICBE/article/download/2232/1936" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4312498981", "doi": "10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.09.516", "title": "Sustainable container distribution by alternatively fueled vehicles under customer and technical constraints", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sezgi Tekil-Ergün", "Erwin Pesch", "Katarzyna Anna Kuźmicz" ], "first_author": "Sezgi Tekil-Ergün", "venue": "IFAC-PapersOnLine", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "The scale of freight forwarding to the hinterland becomes an issue from the perspective of both – transport policy and cost efficiency of service providers. This problem is sharply visible in areas where ports, depots, inland intermodal terminals, exporters and importers are located, and full and empty containers satisfying demand and supply are frequently distributed creating a lot of traffic. Therefore solutions meeting the challenges of sustainable transport, responding to climate change and regulation of CO2 emissions are in need. In this paper, a variant of a Mixed Fleet Heterogeneous Dial-a-Ride Problem is proposed for optimal routing of trucks carrying full and empty 20-foot and 40-foot containers, with multiple pick-ups and deliveries. Transportation is performed by alternatively fueled vehicles (AFVs) for environmental reasons which causes a constraint of a limited driving range and a need of refueling. The main objective is minimising the total distance subject to matching the empty container demand and supply, necessary refueling of the trucks, and service time windows.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Container (type theory)", "Transport engineering", "Vehicle routing problem", "Constraint (computer-aided design)", "Service (business)", "Business", "Matching (statistics)", "Traffic management", "Supply chain", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.09.516" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3155780182", "doi": null, "title": "USING GIS-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING OPTIMUM ROUTING OF LOGGING TRUCKS", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-07-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Abdullah Emin AKAY" ], "first_author": "Abdullah Emin AKAY", "venue": "DergiPark (Istanbul University)", "publisher": "Istanbul University", "abstract": "Forest products are transported from landing areas to forest depots using logging trucks.Considerable amount of the total cost in the timber production in Turkey constitutes the costs of transporting forest products by logging trucks.Many alternative plans are evaluated using computer technology and optimization techniques to develop an optimum transportation planning.Network analysis, one of the operations research techniques, has been widely used to solve such transportation problems with various constraints.In recent years, computer-based techniques integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been implemented to solve transportation problems.Network analysis-based modules of ArcGIS software such as \"Network Analyst\" can be also used to solve transport problems.In addition, factors that directly affect the transportation cost, such as truck size, can be evaluated in the solution process.In this study, \"Network Analyst\" module of ArcGIS 10.4 program was used to investigate the optimum transportation routes that minimize the total transportation cost of forest products considering three truck types.In the implementation of the system, road network data in İclaliye Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in İnegöl Forest Enterprise Directorate (FED) was taken into consideration.In the model application, four forest harvesting units, three forest products (2nd quality Beech logs, 3rd quality Beech logs, and paperwood), three types of logging trucks (small, medium and large size) and a forest depot in İclaliye FEC were evaluated.The results of GIS-based decision support system showed that when using small, medium and large logging trucks, the total transportation cost was minimized at 16391 TRY (Turkish Lira), 14640 TRY and 10671 TRY, respectively.When using medium trucks instead of small trucks, the transportation cost of forest products decreased by 10.68% while the cost decreased by 34.90% when using large trucks.As a result, it was revealed that there is a close relationship between logging truck dimensions and transportation cost of forest products.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Logging", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Decision support system", "Decision system", "Computer science", "Environmental science", "Data mining", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Forestry", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/artgrid/issue/55737/755699" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4230386008", "doi": "10.37917/ijeee.12.2.1", "title": "Monitoring and Control the Supply of Fuel in Baghdad using RFID", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-12-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mohannad M. Hasan", "Fawzi M. Al-Naima" ], "first_author": "Mohannad M. Hasan", "venue": "Iraqi Journal for Electrical And Electronic Engineering", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Nowadays, there are no accurate records of the various quantities of fuel being dispensed at the Iraqi fuel stations. All such reports are usually paper-based and are missing the required precision to control this valuable commodity, which could lead to misuse or illegal sale of fuel. This paper presents a control system based on RFID technology to monitor the supply and dispensing of vehicle fuel in Baghdad. The system consists of RFID readers attached to fuel dispensers and pumps, and RFID tags assigned to the vehicles and the trucks used for delivering fuel to the fuel stations. A hardware part is connected to conventional fuel dispensers and machines, located at both the stations and the fuel refineries or depots, which makes them work under the control of the RFID system, without the need to rebuild new dispensers. The designed system database is a centralized one located on a cloud server, in order to allow fuel stations to communicate with it and do the required transactions. Throughout this system, different reports can be generated, which can give important online statistics about the movement of fuel supplies over the city.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Control (management)", "Fuel supply", "Automotive engineering", "Commodity", "Work (physics)", "Fuel efficiency", "Aircraft fuel system", "Computer security", "Fuel tank", "Computer science", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.12.2.1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2159449875", "doi": "10.1016/j.rce.2015.05.001", "title": "Consejo nutricional: herramienta efectiva en la lucha contra la desnutrición", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-06-18", "type": "article", "language": "es", "authors": [ "Clotilde Vázquez Martínez" ], "first_author": "Clotilde Vázquez Martínez", "venue": "Revista Clínica Española", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Initialization", "Crossover", "Computer science", "Truck", "Genetic algorithm", "Operations research", "DOCK", "Mathematical optimization", "Engineering", "Artificial intelligence", "Mathematics", "Machine learning" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rce.2015.05.001" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4377967017", "doi": "10.46254/na07.20220312", "title": "Optimization of Lubricant Distribution with Alternative Coordinates and Number of Warehouses Considering Truck Capacity and Time Windows", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-05-24", "type": "conference-abstract", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Taufik Rizkiandi", "Teuku Yuri M. Zagloel", "Andri D. Setiawan" ], "first_author": "Taufik Rizkiandi", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The contribution of the transportation and warehousing sector in Indonesia in 2020 decreased to rank eight at 3.81% compared to 2019 data at rank seven at 4.41%, according to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The decline in the transportation and warehousing business sector to the GDP contribution has resulted in oil and gas companies implementing a strategic advantage with cost leadership to achieve a strategic fit for efficient supply chain lubricants. The existence of service time limits in the warehouse for shipping and receiving lubricant products is essential in determining an efficient route. The addition of depot points as a solution to meet the demand for lubricants to the service level. The proposed depot point is obtained through K-Means Clustering and optimal route with limited truck capacity and service time in the warehouse using the CVRPTW (Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows) method. The data is used to realize shipments of lubricant products in 2019-2021 in state-owned oil and gas companies in Indonesia. The realization data for 2019 describes the demand for pre-covid 19 lubricants. The realization data for 2020 is the demand for lubricants during covid 19, and the realization data for 2021 describes the demand for lubricants post-covid-19. The results obtained two proposed hub points at coordinates -6. 59395726,107.47077792 and -7.388939,111.76971405. Furthermore, the increase in truck utility is 72%, and the total cost after adding a depot is 10% lower than the existing condition.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Computer science", "Lubricant", "Warehouse", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Automotive engineering", "Mathematics", "Engineering", "Mechanical engineering", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ieomsociety.org/proceedings/2022orlando/312.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2085675289", "doi": "10.3390/beverages1020055", "title": "Facility Location Problem of Beverage Distribution Considering Time Window and Land Use Plan Using GIS", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-04-20", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "EunSu Lee", "Alan Dybing", "Sumadhur Shakya" ], "first_author": "EunSu Lee", "venue": "Beverages", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "As the boundaries and population of urban areas expand, beverage distributors may seek to expand the capacity in their distribution centers. As a result, they may need to add new locations or increase the utilization of their existing center. This paper investigates the facility location problem through network space, considering traversable truck roads, thereby providing a strategic decision for identifying a depot location in consideration of vehicle routings from a real application. For the analysis, a geospatial tool, which is embedded in the commercial software ArcMap®, was used for routing and calibrating the model. Ten candidates from commercial and industrial zones in the cities of Fargo, West Fargo, and Moorhead were considered for future distribution centers. The candidate locations were analyzed to determine which site minimizes the total transportation costs and travel miles in consideration of time window, vehicle capacity, heterogeneous vehicle types, land use plan, and hours-of-service. Most attractive candidates are close to the intersections of major highways. From the analysis, the study recommends locating a distribution center at three alternatives based on the average ranking method. This study can be used by distributors as they consider new locations and extra depots to support strategic planning to deal with mid-term and long-term growth of demand in beverage markets. This study provides a ready-to-use example of how to adopt state-of-the-art spatial technology and operations research using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and bring it to state-of-practice.", "keywords": [ "Geospatial analysis", "Transport engineering", "Geographic information system", "Truck", "Plan (archaeology)", "Ranking (information retrieval)", "Service (business)", "Land use", "Computer science", "Strategic planning", "Operations research", "Population" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5710/1/2/55/pdf?version=1429597983" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7202189085", "doi": "10.3390/su18168230", "title": "Multi-Objective Queuing Optimization for Oil Depots Balancing Cost, Carbon Emissions and Customer Satisfaction", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-11", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Weiyan Kong", "Hanjie Yu", "Yang Lyu", "Bin Zhu", "Yajie Zhang", "Yunyun Huang", "Weidong Li", "Pengbo Yin" ], "first_author": "Weiyan Kong", "venue": "Sustainability", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Refined oil depots are critical nodes in energy supply chains. Tank truck queuing increases costs and idling carbon emissions while reducing customer satisfaction. This research proposes a modified finite capacity Markovian queuing system (M/M/c/N) with random service interruptions and establishes a multi-objective model covering expected cost, carbon emissions and customer satisfaction. We derive core metrics and formulate corresponding unit time objective functions. The Bayesian optimization-based NSGA-II (BO-NSGA-II) hybrid algorithm is adopted to solve the proposed model. Comparisons against four algorithms are conducted using four multi-objective evaluation metrics: hypervolume (HV), Inverted Generational Distance (IGD), generational distance (GD) and spacing, which confirm that BO-NSGA-II achieves a balanced overall performance. Its HV reaches 0.657, while IGD (0.0066), GD (0.0009) and spacing (0.0069) remain low, demonstrating broad Pareto front coverage, high convergence accuracy and uniform solution distribution. Trade-off analysis indicates that the algorithm entails a marginal expected cost increase of merely 1.15% compared with the minimum expected cost solution obtained by MOEA/D. Meanwhile, carbon emissions drop to 11.25 kgCO2/h and customer satisfaction rises to 0.9769, achieving coordinated economic, environmental and service benefits. Sensitivity analysis further identifies the optimal loading bay configuration range of 2 to 4. Insufficient allocation leads to congestion, while excessive allocation causes equipment idling and higher emissions. Blind expansion also raises the expected cost. This study provides methodological references for the collaborative optimization of oil depot resource allocation, low-carbon scheduling and service performance.", "keywords": [ "Queueing theory", "Customer satisfaction", "Bottleneck", "Multi-objective optimization", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Service level", "Greenhouse gas", "Carbon tax", "Total cost" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su18168230" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7130515377", "doi": "10.1201/9781003761563-10", "title": "Deployment of Vehicles from a Central Depot to Collection Sites when Each Vehicle Makes at the Most One Trip", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-02-02", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "R. Bappoo", "S. Sivaprasad Kumar" ], "first_author": "R. Bappoo", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This chapter deals with the optimum allocation of tasks to a fleet of vehicles of varying capacities dispatched from a central depot to a large number of collection sites. Applications of the truck dispatching problem is one aspect of the transport problem where extensive research has been carried out ( Dantzig and Ramser, 1959 ; Clark and Wright, 1964 ; Beltrami and Bodin, 1974 ; Bodin and Golden, 1981 ; Golden et al. , 1983 ; Bramel and Simchi-Levi, 1995 ). An efficient and well organized transport system in any organization reduces the operational costs involved. Some applications of the truck dispatching problem from a central depot include the delivery vehicles, the refuse collection vehicles, goods vehicles, etc.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Software deployment", "Depot", "Data collection", "Route planning", "Vehicle routing problem" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003761563-10" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1976726059", "doi": "10.2495/ut070101", "title": "Logistic net working to reduce cost and environmental impact for urban cargo deliveries", "year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-08-17", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Douglas Tacla", "Rui Carlos Botter", "Orlando Fontes Lima", "Satoshi Suyama" ], "first_author": "Douglas Tacla", "venue": "WIT transactions on the built environment", "publisher": "WIT Press", "abstract": "Cargo Delivery Operation in urban areas is a problem in all populous cities, and a critical problem in huge metropolitan areas.In the same way, if we think about central areas inside a commercial centre, it is a huge problem.The current prices of land in those areas can make it impossible to build adequate areas to receive large numbers of cargo vehicles, and to handle and unload cargo in commercial centers or malls.I addition, thousands of small and medium trucks circulating in the cities causes pollution, a lot more than necessary.How to balance it?Is it possible to keep controlled and adequate costs involved in unloading cargo, and at the same time help save the environment?The target of this paper is to reduce logistic costs and the environmental impact: optimizing vehicles, urban area and labor (commercial or malls).A consolidation site, at the entrance regions of the cities (or more than one), can receive cargo from industries and/or any other suppliers in small trucks, then operating a cross docking, consolidate cargo, plan optimized routes, and finally ship to the final destination.The additional costs generated for this cross docking site operation will be compensated for by the shipper's last mile of transportation and reduced costs for receiving and handling the cargo by the final customer (a mall for example).Non-planned logistics between shippers and receivers brings many more trucks than is reasonable; with them come more traffic, pollution, and other costs; this gap that we see frequently in the market provides an opportunity for this study that if implemented can provide a mitigation factor.Finally, this paper shows a numerical simulation with a real database to prove the proposal's study efficacy.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Metropolitan area", "Transport engineering", "City logistics", "Business", "Last mile (transportation)", "Consolidation (business)", "Plan (archaeology)", "Mile", "Engineering", "Finance" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/UT07/UT07010FU1.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1994309418", "doi": "10.1007/bf02380409", "title": "Cyclic-flowline technique for construction of embankment dams", "year": 1974, "publication_date": "1974-11-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Moiseev Si", "D. S. Agapov", "G. N. Tret'yakov" ], "first_author": "Moiseev Si", "venue": "Power Technology and Engineering", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Levee", "Geotechnical engineering", "Geology", "Environmental science", "Electricity generation", "Engineering", "Civil engineering", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Petroleum engineering", "Power (physics)" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02380409" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4387038948", "doi": "10.1049/icp.2023.1654", "title": "Emergency material supply in disaster relief operations based on truck-UAV collaborative distribution", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-08-22", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Cheng Zhang", "Ye Li", "Jiansong Zhang", "C. Wei", "Jicai Liang" ], "first_author": "Cheng Zhang", "venue": "IET conference proceedings.", "publisher": "Institution of Engineering and Technology", "abstract": "Given the urgency inherent in disaster relief operations, a supply mode for the distribution of emergency materials, utilizing collaboration between truck and drone transportation, is proposed. In this model, decisions concerning the supply method for each depot with specific material demands, the sequential ordering of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and the route planning for the trucks are integrated into a singular combinatorial optimization problem. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to minimize the overall delivery completion time. Two distinct algorithms are devised to solve this problem efficiently: a logic-based Benders decomposition algorithm and a hybrid genetic algorithm. Numerical experiments conducted on 40 instances demonstrate that the proposed model and algorithms robustly support the novel supply mode grounded in truck- UAV collaborative distribution. The results provide valuable insights for decision-makers seeking to develop efficient, accurate, and globally optimal supply solutions and carry significant theoretical and practical implications.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Computer science", "Integer programming", "Mode (computer interface)", "Decomposition", "Linear programming", "Operations research", "Genetic algorithm", "Emergency management", "Integer (computer science)", "Mathematical optimization", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2023.1654" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413346427", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5388230", "title": "Evaluating the Energy Savings from Truck-drone Hybrid Last-mile Delivery in Arbitrary Cities", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Seunghyun Baik", "Steven M. Willits", "Sebastian Scherer", "Junfeng Jiao", "Peter Yun Zhang" ], "first_author": "Seunghyun Baik", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Mile", "Drone", "Truck", "Last mile (transportation)", "Aeronautics", "Transport engineering", "Energy (signal processing)", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering", "Business", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5388230" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4408155680", "doi": "10.47760/ijcsmc.2025.v14i02.008", "title": "Revolutionizing Route Optimization Systems with Artificial Intelligence for a Smarter, Sustainable Logistics Ecosystem", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-02-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Khursheed Hussain" ], "first_author": "Khursheed Hussain", "venue": "International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data analytics are transforming the logistics industry, enabling more innovative, more efficient, and sustainable transportation solutions. Traditional logistics systems face significant challenges, including inefficient order consolidation, underutilized vehicle capacity, static route planning, and a high environmental impact. These inefficiencies increase operational costs, delivery delays, and elevated carbon emissions, undermining sustainability goals. This study presents a novel AI-driven approach to optimizing route planning and logistics management through reinforcement learning and cloud-based data platforms. The proposed system integrates real-time data from IoT-enabled devices, GPS tracking, traffic analysis, and weather forecasts to dynamically optimize delivery routes. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, the system can anticipate disruptions and make real-time adjustments, leading to a 98% on-time delivery rate and significant reductions in fuel consumption. One of the key innovations of this approach is multi-segment optimization, which allows vehicles to manage multiple deliveries within a single route. This optimization reduces empty truck mileage, improves vehicle utilization and enhances cost efficiency. Additionally, predictive and prescriptive analytics enhance decision-making by forecasting potential delivery delays, enabling proactive interventions. The system's architecture is built on a scalable cloud-native platform, ensuring seamless data integration and high processing capacity for large-scale logistics operations. Interactive dashboards and digital twin technology provide logistics teams with real-time insights and scenario-based simulations, further improving decision-making and operational efficiency. The implementation of AI-driven logistics optimization has demonstrated measurable improvements, including reduction in delivery times, decrease in fuel consumption, and substantial cost savings across operations. Beyond operational efficiency, the proposed AI-powered system significantly contributes to sustainability efforts. By minimizing fuel consumption and optimizing vehicle utilization, it directly supports carbon footprint reduction initiatives in the logistics industry. The adaptability of this system makes it suitable for various logistics networks, from urban delivery fleets to long-haul transportation, enhancing overall supply chain resilience. This research underscores the transformative potential of AI and reinforcement learning in modern logistics. The findings establish a new benchmark for AI-driven logistics operations and open avenues for future enhancements, such as deeper IoT integration, the adoption of autonomous delivery models, and the exploration of quantum computing for further optimization. The study demonstrates that intelligent automation and data-driven decision-making are key to achieving smarter, more sustainable logistics operations in the future.", "keywords": [ "Ecosystem", "Computer science", "Environmental resource management", "Business", "Environmental science", "Ecology", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 11, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2025.v14i02.008" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7167900111", "doi": "10.1007/s10288-026-00627-0", "title": "Bidirectional collaborative routing: synchronizing en-route transfers and robot-assisted delivery in heterogeneous multi-depot systems", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-10", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Tianyu Mao", "Mingrui Yang" ], "first_author": "Tianyu Mao", "venue": "4OR", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Synchronizing", "Key (lock)", "Synchronization (alternating current)", "Component (thermodynamics)", "Data transmission" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10288-026-00627-0" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4285272868", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-05359-7_25", "title": "Yard Management: Identification and Evaluation of Critical Sub-processes with AHP", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alina Müller", "Thomas Keuschen", "Matthias Klumpp" ], "first_author": "Alina Müller", "venue": "Lecture notes in logistics", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Yard", "Analytic hierarchy process", "Multiple-criteria decision analysis", "Truck", "Operations research", "Transport engineering", "Decision support system", "Service (business)", "Identification (biology)", "Engineering", "Computer science", "Process management" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/136845" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7148302439", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6512718", "title": "Telematics-Driven Charging Infrastructure Siting Framework: Truck Movement and Dwell Patterns in India", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Aviral Yadav", "Oscar F. Delgado" ], "first_author": "Aviral Yadav", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Software deployment", "Global Positioning System", "Fleet management", "Dwell time", "Transportation planning", "Emerging markets" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6512718" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4287903504", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2001.06456", "title": "Computational Approaches for Solving Two-Echelon Vehicle and UAV Routing Problems for Post-Disaster Humanitarian Operations", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-17", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Tasnim Ibn Faiz", "Chrysafis Vogiatzis", "Md. Noor‐E‐Alam" ], "first_author": "Tasnim Ibn Faiz", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Humanitarian logistics service providers have two major responsibilities immediately after a disaster: locating trapped people and routing aid to them. These difficult operations are further hindered by failures in the transportation and telecommunications networks, which are often rendered unusable by the disaster at hand. In this work, we propose a two-echelon vehicle routing framework for performing these operations using aerial uncrewed autonomous vehicles (UAVs or drones) to address the issues associated with these failures. In our proposed framework, we assume that ground vehicles cannot reach the trapped population directly, but they can only transport drones from a depot to some intermediate locations. The drones launched from these locations serve to both identify demands for medical and other aids (e.g., epi-pens, medical supplies, dry food, water) and make deliveries to satisfy them. Specifically, we present a decision framework, in which the resulting optimization problem is formulated as a two-echelon vehicle routing problem with trucks as the first echelon vehicles and for the second echelon vehicles, we consider two types of drones. Hotspot drones have the capability of providing a cell phone and internet reception and hence are used to capture demands. Delivery drones are subsequently employed to satisfy the observed demand. To handle demand uncertainty, we decompose the decision problem into two stages: providing telecommunications capabilities in the first stage thereby capturing demand precisely, and satisfying the resulting demands in the second stage. To solve the resulting models, we propose efficient computational approaches by designing a decomposition algorithm with column generation (CG)-based heuristics to identify optimal drone routes.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Vehicle routing problem", "Truck", "Column generation", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Population", "Humanitarian Logistics", "Computer security", "Engineering", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 7, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.06456" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7155004823", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6509139", "title": "Telematics-Driven Charging Infrastructure Siting Framework: Truck Movement and Dwell Patterns in India", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Aviral Yadav", "Oscar F. Delgado" ], "first_author": "Aviral Yadav", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Telematics", "Software deployment", "Global Positioning System", "Fleet management", "Dwell time", "Commercial vehicle", "Transportation planning" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6509139" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4403636228", "doi": "10.1007/978-94-007-6308-1_46", "title": "Biomass Supply Chain Logistics: Challenges and Technological Advancements", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "J. Richard Hess", "Jaya Shankar Tumuluru" ], "first_author": "J. Richard Hess", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Supply chain", "Biomass (ecology)", "Business", "Environmental science", "Natural resource economics", "Economics", "Ecology", "Biology", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 11, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6308-1_46" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4409295615", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5210954", "title": "Truck-Drone Tandem Delivery with Time Window: Its Efficiency, Cost Structure, and Carbon Emission", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "NA WU", "J. Z.", "Yuandong Liu" ], "first_author": "NA WU", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Window (computing)", "Tandem", "Drone", "Carbon fibers", "Environmental science", "Business", "Automotive engineering", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Aerospace engineering", "Operating system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5210954" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3127062587", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.3775721", "title": "Recipient-Dependent Deliveries in Last-Mile Logistics", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mehdi Nourinejad", "Opher Baron", "Oded Berman" ], "first_author": "Mehdi Nourinejad", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Stylized fact", "Status quo", "Dominance (genetics)", "Truck", "Business", "Parking space", "Operations management", "Industrial organization", "Economics", "Transport engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3775721" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3099180731", "doi": null, "title": "Truck congestion at the port gate: a case study of sapangar bay container port in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alexander Jiran" ], "first_author": "Alexander Jiran", "venue": "Universiti Utara Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Utara Malaysia)", "publisher": "Universiti Malaysia Perlis", "abstract": "Traffic congestion at the port gate is a frequently discussed issue face by large import or export terminals worldwide. Delayed cargo due to the congestion may cause a chain reaction impact which potentially hikes transportation cost that is finally borne by the consumer. This study attempted to identify the causes of truck congestion at the port gate in Sapangar Bay Container Port (SBCP). The qualitative research approach is used in conducting this study. Data is collected through an observation by site visit at the port gate and door-to-door interview which consists of five (5) observations. Collected data are then analysed by using content analysis technique. The findings have discovered that the main cause of the congestion at the port gate is due to trailers with improper or incomplete documents. An Improper or Incomplete Document Trailer (IDT) on average will take more than six (6) minutes for gate clearance, while a Proper Document Trailer (PDT) need less than 120 seconds", "keywords": [ "Trailer", "Port (circuit theory)", "Truck", "Container (type theory)", "Bay", "Transport engineering", "Traffic congestion", "Environmental science", "Automotive engineering", "Computer science", "Business", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/26432/1/alexander.PDF" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4405491504", "doi": "10.1109/isct62336.2024.10791258", "title": "Analysis and Control of Ammunition Transportation Risk Management at Explosive Storage Depots and Consumer (User Units) in the Indonesian Navy", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-08-13", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nunik Endah Sulistiyawati", "Bambang Syairudin", "Buana Ma’ruf" ], "first_author": "Nunik Endah Sulistiyawati", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The risk of ammunition transportation in explosive storage warehouses is very high, making safety and security management essential, considering potential impacts such as injury and fatality. This research aims to analyze the risks associated with ammunition transportation in storage warehouses, both active and expired, at the Naval Storage Depot. Transportation plays a crucial role in moving ammunition from one warehouse to another for storage rotation or readiness for consumer by the user units. So far trucks have been considered faster and more effective for transportation, but significant hazards such as shocks, impacts, vibrations, and road conditions increase the negative risks to ammunition, such as ammunition damage, chemical degradation due to shocks and vibrations, or gas leaks. In the past the use of trolley had a high safety level but practical constraints like transportation routes made them less feasible leading to their deactivation due to situational demands. Risk analysis is conducted through a systematic approach that includes identification, assessment, control, and risk management in the use of transportation tools between trucks and trolleys. This comparison is expected to control risk management and decision- making to provide an understanding of potential risks and the development of effective mitigation strategies contributing to improved safety and security during ammunition transportation.", "keywords": [ "Ammunition", "Explosive material", "Navy", "Indonesian", "Control (management)", "Aeronautics", "Fuze", "Engineering", "Computer science", "Computer security", "Materials science", "Chemistry" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/isct62336.2024.10791258" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4401520712", "doi": "10.1007/978-981-97-5937-8_19", "title": "Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem with a Drone Station: Using Multi-package Payload Compartments", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mahdi Moeini", "Do Thanh Dat Le" ], "first_author": "Mahdi Moeini", "venue": "Communications in computer and information science", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Travelling salesman problem", "Payload (computing)", "Drone", "Computer science", "Biology", "Computer network", "Botany", "Algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5937-8_19" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3217789384", "doi": "10.7939/r3-pmqh-6y20", "title": "OPTIMIZING SNOWPLOW ROUTES: FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shuoyan Xu" ], "first_author": "Shuoyan Xu", "venue": "ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta)", "publisher": "University of Alberta", "abstract": "In this thesis, a new methodological framework was proposed and developed to address several important issues pertaining to snowplow route optimization. The framework defined an extensible snowplow trucks plow-with-precedence problem and captured the impact of the service order of snowplow routes. The tabu search algorithm was used to search for near-optimal routing priority arrangements that balanced the workload between trucks efficiently. The efficiency of the proposed framework was then tested in two case studies: 1) snowplow route optimization in a simulated connected vehicle (CV) environment and 2) a real-world application of snowplow route optimization in Perth County. The first case study provides a proof of concept for snowplow route optimization in a simulated connected vehicle (CV) environment. In the CV environment, it was implicitly assumed that wireless communication technology can capture the traffic states on the road in real-time (e.g., the road users’ on-route strategies and dynamic travelling decisions), and allows for deep insight into designing user centric winter maintenance strategies. The goal was to minimize both the total travel time of the traffic system and the operating time of the longest truck route. A simulation-based approach was used to simulate real-time communications between the road users and the truck operators in the CV environment. The results suggest that the dynamic routing strategy could save 97.4 hours in total system travel time when compared to the no snow condition. The amount of reduction in the total system delay for a given number of trucks used in plowing operations. The amount of reduction in the total system traffic delay was reduced by 39.3 hours when the number of snowplow trucks in the fleet increased from one to two. As the fleet size increased, the marginal benefit decreased until it became negligible. Besides contributing to the theoretical expansion of winter maintenance operations, the second case study attempts to optimize snowplow routes by implementing realistic constraints on a real road network in Perth County, Ontario. The primary goal of this case study was to develop efficient plow routing strategies that could make the combined operations more efficient by sharing plow routes and by sharing, or eliminating, material storage yards while taking into account operational constraints. The results indicated that the average route length can be reduced by 3.2% without the changing service boundary or sharing depots. The results also found that by sharing depots, the county could retire 3 depots and 8 trucks without impacting their practical requirements.", "keywords": [ "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-pmqh-6y20" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2954201069", "doi": "10.21220/s2-xrxe-y041", "title": "Lookahead Scheduling In A Real-Time Context: Models, Algorithms, And Analysis", "year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ben Coleman" ], "first_author": "Ben Coleman", "venue": "W&M Publish (College of William & Mary)", "publisher": "William & Mary", "abstract": "Our research considers job scheduling, a special type of resource assignment problem. For example, at a cross-docking facility trucks must be assigned to doors where they will be unloaded. The cargo on each truck has various destinations within the facility, and the unloading time for a truck is dependent on the distance from the assigned door to these destinations. The goal is to assign the trucks to doors while minimizing the amount of time to unload all trucks.;We study scheduling algorithms for problems like the cross-docking example that are different from traditional algorithms in two ways. First, we utilize real-time, where the algorithm executes at the same time as when the jobs are handled. Because the time used by the algorithm to make decisions cannot be used to complete a job, these decisions must be made quickly Second, our algorithms utilize lookahead, or partial knowledge of jobs that will arrive in the future.;The three goals of this research were to demonstrate that lookahead algorithms can be implemented effectively in a real-time context, to measure the amount of improvement gained by utilizing lookahead, and to explore the conditions in which lookahead is beneficial.;We present a model suitable for representing problems that include lookahead in a real-time context. Using this model, we develop lookahead algorithms for two important job scheduling systems and argue that these algorithms make decisions efficiently. We then study the performance of lookahead algorithms using mathematical analysis and simulation.;Our results provide a detailed picture of the behavior of lookahead algorithms in a real-time context. Our analytical study shows that lookahead algorithms produce schedules that are significantly better than those without lookahead. We also found that utilizing Lookahead-1, or knowledge of the next arriving job, produces substantial improvement while requiring the least effort to design. When more lookahead information is used, the solutions are better, but the amount of improvement is not significantly larger than a Lookahead-1 algorithm. Further, algorithms utilizing more lookahead are more complex to design, implement, and analyze. We conclude that Lookahead-1 algorithms are the best balance between improvement and design effort.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Algorithm", "Context (archaeology)", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Mathematical optimization", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623445" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2474415631", "doi": "10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.318", "title": "Improving the Container Distribution by Rail into Swiss Sidings", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Dirk Bruckmann", "Patrik Dober", "Niklas Galonske", "Irmhild Saabel", "Ulrich Weidmann" ], "first_author": "Dirk Bruckmann", "venue": "Transportation research procedia", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "Nowadays a significant part of the maritime containers with origin or destination in Switzerland are distributed by rail into private sidings. The containers are transhipped in intermodal terminals from the long-distance shuttle-trains or barges to flat wagons of SBB Cargo. The wagons are distributed within the national single wagonload (SWL) network to the final recipients’ sidings. The SwissSplit nowadays has some weaknesses, which reduce the competitiveness compared to the container distribution by truck: The terminal structure in Switzerland is very dispersed with a multitude of small terminals. The actual business model covers only the rail transport from the terminal to the destination siding, this causes inefficiencies in the overall distribution process. The conventional platform wagons used for the SwissSplit are quite old and have reached the end of their economic lifetime. Within the ViWaS project HaCon, SBB Cargo, Wascosa and ETH Zurich developed several approaches to improve the SwissSplit. In general a new business model covering the entire transport chain from the terminal to the siding and back to the container depot was developed, the SWL production schemes were improved and an optimized terminal network that eases the transfer of the wagons into the SWL network was introduced. A major part of the improvements was the development of a new type of flat wagon to improve the loading and unloading processes in the sidings. The wagon was tested within the SwissSplit-network of SBB Cargo. This paper describes the findings of the development and the feasibility tests of the new SwissSplit-Wagon and the overall feasibility of the improved SwissSplit.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Engineering", "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Transport engineering", "Truck", "Train", "Bulk cargo", "Automotive engineering", "Mechanical engineering", "Telecommunications" ], "cited_by_count": 5, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352146516303246/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3100467610", "doi": "10.46783/smart-scm/2020-3-6", "title": "Models of zoning of urban territory for rational delivery in the microconsolidation system", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-10-30", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Lidiia Savchenko", "Volodimir Davydenko" ], "first_author": "Lidiia Savchenko", "venue": "Electronic Scientific Journal Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management #1 2020", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Urban logistics (or city logistics) is developing rapidly due to the strong growth of e-commerce. Accordingly, the last-mile urban logistics faces a significant number of orders that need to be fulfilled in a dense urban development, environmental constraints and permanent congestion. One of the possible systems of rational city delivery is the use of a network of consolidation centers at the micro level. Such a network provides for a two-tier system of urban delivery - 1) from the central warehouse or warehouses to the network of microconsolidation centers; 2) from microconsolidation centers to end consumers. This scheme is especially relevant in the presence of restrictions on the movement of trucks or heavy vehicles in certain areas of the city, as well as in significant congestion and the problem of parking trucks when unloading at the location of the client. Methods (research methodology). To create a rational delivery network through a microconsolidation system, the primary task is to determine the delivery zones (or geographical clusters) - their number, size, location. To solve this problem, optimization models are proposed based on several minimization criteria - delivery distance, time, cost and integrated distance-time criterion. Results. The result is the optimization models creation, based on those it is possible to divide urban consumers into several delivery zones. Delivery routes are planned within each zone of the respective centroid and minimize the cost of last-mile logistics. Delivery of goods to the centroids can be carried out by light or medium trucks, and within the zones should be dominated by delivery of environmentally friendly modes of transport (motorcycle or moped, bicycle, car, on foot delivery with the possibility of public transport usage). Conclusion. Thus, the article provides a mathematical apparatus for obtaining territorial zoning of existing customers of the city in order to minimize the cost (distance, time or their combination) for delivery within each zone. Perspectives. A perspective study may be an analysis of the costs of operating a network of urban consolidation centers and the delivery of goods from the central warehouse or warehouses to this network. Accordingly, the task of minimizing the total costs of the city freight delivery system should be solved, taking into account economic, environmental and social aspects.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Zoning", "City logistics", "Last mile (transportation)", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Facility location problem", "Traffic congestion", "Business", "Operations research", "Geography", "Mile" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://smart-scm.org/wp-content/uploads/3_20_titul_j_savchenko.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7212013203", "doi": "10.37256/est.72202610228", "title": "Simulation of Medium-Duty Truck Equipped with an Air-Assisted Hydraulic Hybrid Drive System", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-24", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Kadir Aydın" ], "first_author": "Kadir Aydın", "venue": "Engineering Science & Technology", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Heavy-duty commercial vehicles such as refuse trucks, urban delivery vans, transit buses and construction machinery are characterized by frequent stop-and-go duty cycles in which a significant share of the kinetic energy delivered by the prime mover is dissipated as heat at the friction brakes. The Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle (HHV) architecture stores this otherwise-wasted braking energy in a hydro-pneumatic accumulator and releases it during the subsequent acceleration phase, exploiting the very high-power density of fluid-power components compared with electrochemical batteries. This paper presents an updated review of HHV powertrain architectures, including parallel, series and power-split configurations, together with the dynamic models of their principal sub-systems: the diesel engine, the bent-axis variable-displacement pump/motor, the hydro-pneumatic accumulator, the air tank with pressure exchanger, and the multi-stage reciprocating compressor. A forward-facing closed-loop simulation environment developed in MATLAB/Simulink is used to evaluate the theoretical and real-world energy-recovery efficiency of a Class VI medium-duty truck (gross mass 7,340 kg) equipped with an air-assisted series hydraulic hybrid drive over the Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS). Theoretical recovery efficiencies of up to 0.89 and real (component-loss-corrected) values of up to 0.61 are obtained, with both metrics decreasing as the share of cruising relative to total cycle time increases. Recent peer-reviewed and demonstration data are reviewed: real-driving emissions tests reported in 2024 confirm fuel-consumption reductions of approximately 17% on urban routes, while Electro-Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles (EHHV) configurations combining a battery, an electric machine and a hydraulic accumulator are emerging as a promising response to the European Union 2024/1257 (Euro VII) and 2024 CO2 standards that mandate a 90% CO2 reduction for new heavy-duty vehicles by 2040. The discussion concludes that hydraulic hybridization remains the most cost-effective and durable pathway for vocational duty cycles dominated by high-power, short-duration transients and that further work should focus on intelligent supervisory control, plug-in air/oil pre-charging, and integration of the accumulator with battery-electric and fuel-cell powertrains.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Powertrain", "Prime mover", "Hydraulic accumulator", "Diesel fuel", "Accumulator (cryptography)", "Hybrid system", "Drivetrain", "Hydraulic machinery" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.37256/est.72202610228" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4387366590", "doi": "10.14569/ijacsa.2023.0140967", "title": "An MILP-based Lexicographic Approach for Robust Selective Full Truckload Vehicle Routing Problem", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Karim El Bouyahyiouy", "Anouar Annouch", "Adil Bellabdaoui" ], "first_author": "Karim El Bouyahyiouy", "venue": "International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications", "publisher": "Science and Information Organization", "abstract": "Full truckload (FTL) shipment is one of the largest trucking modes. It is an essential part of the transportation industry, where the carriers are required to move FTL transportation demands (orders) at a minimal cost between pairs of locations using a certain number of trucks available at the depots. The drivers who pick up and deliver these orders must return to their home depots within a given time. In practice, satisfying those orders within a given time frame (e.g., one day) could be impossible while adhering to all operational constraints. As a result, the investigated problem is distinguished by the selective aspect, in which only a subset of transportation demands is serviced. Furthermore, travel times between nodes can be uncertain and vary depending on various possible scenarios. The robustness subsequently consists of identifying a feasible solution in all scenarios. Therefore, this study introduces an MILP-based lexicographic approach to solve a robust selective full truckload vehicle routing problem (RSFTVRP). We demonstrated the proposed method’s efficiency through experimental results on newly generated instances for the considered problem.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Truck", "Lexicographical order", "Robustness (evolution)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Mathematical optimization", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Frame (networking)", "Operations research", "Computer network", "Automotive engineering", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume14No9/Paper_67-An_MILP_based_Lexicographic_Approach.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4406834129", "doi": "10.21015/vtcs.v12i2.1914", "title": "A Hybrid Approach for Simultaneous Effective Automobile Navigation with DE and PSO", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-10-06", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Syed Muhammad Daniyal", "Mohsin Mubeen Abbasi", "Dilbar Hussain", "Usama Amjad", "Abdul Basit Abro", "Mehwish Naeem" ], "first_author": "Syed Muhammad Daniyal", "venue": "VAWKUM Transactions on Computer Sciences", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Automobile Navigation is fundamentally an optimization challenge focused on transportation logistics between a depot and various clients. In this paper, we specifically address the complex variant of Automobile Navigation that involves simultaneous pickup and delivery tasks, which must be executed concurrently at clients' locations. This dual requirement introduces significant complexity, as traditional exact approaches struggle to rapidly identify near-optimal solutions due to the problem's NP-hardness. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a novel hybrid algorithm that integrates Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to effectively solve the Automobile Navigation problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery. The proposed method uses the nearest neighbor heuristic to initially produce results. It is based on the iterated local search paradigm. Variable neighborhood descent is used to improve the search process by adding random sequences to the neighborhood structures for improved search space intensification. Furthermore, exploration across various sections of the search space is made possible by the perturbation process. This method solves the problem of different truck loads on every client visit because it does the pickup and delivery at the same time, which makes the Navigation strategy more effective.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Particle swarm optimization", "Aeronautics", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering", "Machine learning" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://vfast.org/journals/index.php/VTCS/article/download/1914/1574" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3183469336", "doi": "10.1353/gss.2021.0022", "title": "The Taco Truck: How Mexican Street Food is Transforming the American City by Robert Lemon", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Solomon K. Smith" ], "first_author": "Solomon K. Smith", "venue": "Journal of global south studies", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Reviewed by: The Taco Truck: How Mexican Street Food is Transforming the American City by Robert Lemon Solomon K. Smith Lemon, Robert. The Taco Truck: How Mexican Street Food is Transforming the American City. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2019. Robert Lemon’s new book The Taco Truck: How Mexican Street Food is Transforming the American City represents the final product of two major projects. First, his dissertation, which traced how food practices both activated and altered the built environment within urban areas by investigating how the social practices of taco trucks morphed the cultural contours of three cities: Oakland (CA), Sacramento (CA), and Columbus (OH). While immersing himself into these communities, Lemon turned his interviews with local food truck owners and activists into two documentaries, Transfusión (2014) and ¿Tacos or Tacos? (2011). Both played at several film festivals and were considered for awards. Although it just came out, The Taco Truck has already won the John Brinckerhoff Jackson Prize from the American Association of Geographers. The Taco Truck begins with a brief history of Mexican street food and taco trucks. Crucial to this discussion is a study of taco trucks as social spaces along [End Page 243] city streets and how these spaces culturally fit into diverse urban environments. As time passes, the space inside and around taco trucks evolves as it engages diverse communities and is influenced by them as much as it influences. As Lemon notes, the study of the taco truck’s place within the city must “carefully evaluate how ethnicity, class, and culture operate across an urban environment” (4). The Taco Truck focuses on three distinct cities in the United States: the Bay Area, California; Sacramento, California; and Columbus, Ohio. The author chose these areas because they had histories with taco trucks and mobile food vending. Each chapter demonstrates how urban culinary culture and local politics influenced where and how taco trucks could operate. The first two chapters examine street food practices across the Bay Area, focusing on how street food vending reemerged in the 1990s in Latino districts. In Oakland, where the emergence of taco trucks was viewed as an expansion of immigrant culture and resisted by city officials, community activists fought for the right of the street vendors to sell the food and occupy public place within the city. San Francisco was completely different; economic developers wanted taco trucks to step in to help immigrant women turn their small informal businesses of vending food door-to-door to immigrants into thriving truck-based corporations that packaged and marketed street food for middle-class consumption. Chapters 3 and 4 examine the tension that developed between restaurants and food trucks over the right to practice culinary traditions in Sacramento, California. As the city was branding itself as “The Farm to Fork Capital of America,” and restauranteurs were revitalizing downtown to fit that image, city leaders heavily regulated taco trucks in order to remove them from downtown, despite the taco truck tradition of using fresh local ingredients. This placed the city’s code enforcement department into a mediator role between food trucks and restaurants, while driving traditional food trucks outside the city limits because they did not meet city leaders’ notions of what was respectable class, culture, cuisine, and viable economic gentrification. The remaining three chapters focus on the way traditional taco trucks and gourmet food trucks have transformed the urban image of Columbus, Ohio. Chapter 5 examines the emergence of taco trucks on the west side of the city in the early 2000s, and the struggle for them to move beyond the community’s initial negative perception in order to develop a positive relationship and place in this urban space. Chapter 6 expands on this by showing how the success of [End Page 244] taco trucks led to the growth of gourmet food trucks, which spread to new parts of the city and opened the door for taco trucks to follow them, although taco trucks failed to succeed in central city consumption spaces. Chapter 7 examines the various factors that led to this unusual spatial arrangement, where taco trucks could adapt their cuisine to become successful in poor sections of the city but were...", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Geography", "Sociology", "Cartography", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0022" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4389487271", "doi": "10.1177/03611981231211893", "title": "Estimation of the Effect of Self-Driving and En Route Preparation in Urban Parcel Delivery: The Case in Seoul", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-12-08", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Keyju Lee", "Dongjin Jeong", "Junjae Chae" ], "first_author": "Keyju Lee", "venue": "Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board", "publisher": "SAGE Publishing", "abstract": "Self-driving technology is on the verge of commercialization and is expected to be utilized in delivery services. At the same time, low efficiency and physical limitations of last mile robots (especially for non-standardized cargo, stairs, etc.) are being pointed out. In addition, as leading overseas companies design robots to complete delivery through interaction with the recipient, it may be difficult to implement the robots in delivery environments like South Korea, where most parcels are not delivered face-to-face. Therefore, this study considers a parcel delivery model in which a person, not a robot, is on-board an autonomous truck for door-to-door deliveries. This study takes three expected effects of a self-driving vehicle into consideration: (i) reduced travel time, owing to alleviation of traffic congestion; (ii) reduced service time, owing to relaxed parking restrictions; and (iii) benefits from en route preparation (planning and collecting in advance of arrival) that can be realized when a person is not required in the driver’s seat. The findings from a case study conducted in Seoul indicate that advanced self-driving capabilities and en route preparation can potentially lead to a doubling of the delivery capacity at a terminal, along with a reduction of over 40% in operating costs per box. As suggested in this study, the en route preparation activities are verified to bring benefits.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Truck", "Traffic congestion", "Stairs", "Robot", "Commercialization", "Service (business)", "Computer science", "Simulation", "Engineering", "Business", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231211893" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4231801556", "doi": "10.1596/0-8213-5185-0", "title": "Improving Rural Mobility", "year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-08-01", "type": "book", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Paul Starkey", "Simon Ellis", "John Hine", "Anna Ternell" ], "first_author": "Paul Starkey", "venue": "World Bank technical paper", "publisher": null, "abstract": "No AccessWorld Bank Technical Papers12 Aug 2013Improving Rural MobilityOptions for Developing Motorized and Nonmotorized Transport in Rural AreasAuthors/Editors: Paul Starkey, Simon Ellis, John Hine, and Anna TernellPaul Starkey, Simon Ellis, John Hine, and Anna Ternellhttps://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-5185-0SectionsAboutPDF (4.2 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract:Many inhabitants of rural areas in developing countries do not have adequate and affordable access to transport infrastructure services. Insufficient access to transport constrains economic and social development and contributes to poverty.This book focuses on improving rural mobility by facilitating the provision of affordable means of transport and transport services. It concentrates on the many and varied types of transport that provide mobility such as bus service, freight trucks, bush taxis, transport animals, bicycles, and handcarts. Previous bookNext book FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetailsCited byEnergy, Labor, and Soviet Aid: China's Northwest Highway, 1937–1941Modern China, Vol.317 November 2023Streamflow and flood prediction in Rwanda using machine learning and remote sensing in support of rural first-mile transport connectivityFrontiers in Climate, Vol.530 June 2023Rural-Urban ConnectivityInfluence of Socio-economic Attributes on Travel Behaviour in the Rural Areas of Nigeria: Towards a Sustainable Rural Planning and DevelopmentUrban, Planning and Transport Research, Vol.10, No.12 June 2022What affects bicycle use in rural and semi-urban settlements: Evidence from selected regions in IndiaCase Studies on Transport Policy, Vol.10, No.1Morphological identification of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting donkeys (Equus asinus) in Maputo Province, MozambiqueExperimental and Applied Acarology, Vol.86, No.211 February 2022Micro-Spatial Analysis of Rural Accessibility for Imbricating Regional Development: Exemplifying an Indian District17 November 2021Motorcycle three-wheelers in Pakistan: Low-cost rural transport services, crucial for women's mobilityTransportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Vol.12Is cheap fuel policy a (short-term) remedy for costly transportation in rural Indonesia?IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol.753, No.1Commuting and Gender27 July 2021Attributes of Rural Long Tail Public Service25 August 2021Assessing the surface material quality of unpaved rural roads to understand susceptibility to surface deterioration. A case study of four rural areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South AfricaPhysics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/CSpatially contextualized analysis of energy use for commuting in IndiaEnvironmental Research Letters, Vol.14, No.42 April 2019OPTIMIZATION OF RURAL ROADS NETWORK OF VIKARABAD BUS DEPOT TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONi-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, Vol.9, No.11 January 2019Configuration Parameters within Electric Vehicle Production Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa - the aCar mobility CaseProcedia CIRP, Vol.86Die Entwicklung eines Mobilit?tskonzepts f?r Sub-Sahara Afrika3 June 2017Rural transport health and safety in sub-Saharan Africa: Online survey snapshot of expert opinionDevelopment Southern Africa, Vol.33, No.527 July 2016Establishing an Evolutionary Learning Laboratory for Improving the Quality of Life of Vietnamese Women in Small‐scale Agriculture: Part II – Systemic InterventionsSystems Research and Behavioral Science, Vol.33, No.315 July 2015The role of motorized transport and mobile phones in the diffusion of agricultural information in Tanggamus Regency, IndonesiaTransportation, Vol.42, No.59 September 2015Sources of inequality in the cost of transport mobility in the city of Yaoundé, CameroonDevelopment Southern Africa, Vol.32, No.23 December 2014Transport Workers' Perspective on Indigenous Transport and Climate Change AdaptationTransportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol.2451, No.122 May 2018Adverse Incorporation and Microfinance among Cross-Border Traders in SenegalWorld Development, Vol.42Rural–urban spatial interaction in the global south: long‐distance mobility changes, desires and restrictions over two decades in rural philippinesGeografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, Vol.94, No.310 November 2016Brain Drain29 February 2012A Survey of Competitiveness in the Passenger Road Transport Sector in Nairobi-KenyaSSRN Electronic JournalBeyond the wheelchair: development of motorised transport for people with severe mobility impairments in developing countriesDisability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, Vol.5, No.423 March 2010Two-wheel tractors: Road safety issues in Laos and CambodiaSafety Science, Vol.48, No.5The Urban Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and OpportunitiesEnvironment and Planning C: Government and Policy, Vol.25, No.430 November 2016Local Economic Development in Sub-Saharan AfricaEnvironment and Planning C: Government and Policy, Vol.25, No.430 November 2016These roads were made for walking? The nature and use of rural public transport services in Garut Regency, West Java, IndonesiaSingapore Journal of Tropical Geography, Vol.28, No.221 July 2007Planning Roads for Rural CommunitiesTransportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol.1989-1, No.122 May 2018The World Bank and Transport12 February 2016 View Published: August 2002 ISBN: 978-0-8213-5185-7 Copyright & Permissions Related Regions Africa Related Countries Cambodia Central African Republic Ghana Madagascar Related Topics Transport KeywordsRURAL TRANSPORTPRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATIONNONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONSRURAL INFRASTRUCTURESTAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATIONRURAL WOMENTRANSPORT SECTOR MANAGEMENTTRAFFIC REGULATIONSBUSMEANS OF TRANSPORTPOPULATION DENSITIESRURAL MOBILITYRURAL TRANSPORTTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT PROBLEMSTRANSPORT RESEARCHTRANSPORT RESEARCH LABORATORYTRANSPORT SERVICES PDF DownloadLoading ...", "keywords": [ "Business", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 47, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-5185-0" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3000994737", "doi": null, "title": "A cluster randomised controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of a Structured Health Intervention for Truckers (SHIFT)", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-10-15", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Stacy A. Clemes", "Verónica Varela-Mato", "Yuling Chen", "Fehmidah Munir", "Mark Hamer", "Thomas E. Yates", "Charlotte L. Edwardson", "Laura J. Gray", "Gerry A. Richardson", "Jacqui Troughton", "James A. King" ], "first_author": "Stacy A. Clemes", "venue": "Figshare", "publisher": "Figshare (United Kingdom)", "abstract": "Introduction: Heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers’ exhibit higher than nationally\\nrepresentative rates of obesity, and obesity-related co-morbidities, in comparison to other\\noccupational groups. Their working environments are not conducive to a healthy lifestyle,\\nyet there has been limited attention to health promotion efforts. We have developed a\\nStructured Health Intervention For Truckers (the SHIFT programme), a multicomponent,\\ntheory-driven, health-behaviour intervention targeting physical activity, diet, and sitting in\\nHGV drivers. This paper describes the protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial\\ndesigned to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the SHIFT programme.\\nMethods and analysis: HGV drivers will be recruited from a logistics company in the UK.\\nFollowing baseline measurements, depots (clusters) will be randomised to either the\\nSHIFT intervention or usual-care control arm (12 clusters in each, average cluster size 14\\ndrivers). The 6-month SHIFT intervention includes a group-based interactive 6-hour\\neducation session, worksite champion support, and equipment provision (including a\\nFitbit® and resistance bands/balls to facilitate a ‘cab workout’). Objectively measured total\\ndaily physical activity (steps/day) will be the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes\\ninclude: objectively measured light-intensity physical activity and moderate-vigorous\\nphysical activity, sitting time, sleep quality, markers of adiposity, blood pressure, and\\ncapillary blood markers (HbA1c, LDL-HDL-cholesterol). Self-report questionnaires will\\nexamine fruit and vegetable intake, psychosocial and work outcomes, and mental health.\\nQuality of life and resources used (e.g. GP visits) will also be assessed. Measures will be\\ncollected at baseline, 6 and 12-months and analysed according to a modified intention-to treat principle. A full process evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted.", "keywords": [ "Medicine", "Psychosocial", "Cluster randomised controlled trial", "Physical therapy", "Randomized controlled trial", "Quality of life (healthcare)", "Intervention (counseling)", "Health promotion", "Gerontology", "Public health", "Nursing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/A_cluster_randomised_controlled_trial_to_investigate_the_effectiveness_of_a_Structured_Health_Intervention_for_Truckers_SHIFT_/11662500" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4417231646", "doi": "10.3390/wevj16120668", "title": "Assessing the Economic Viability and Reliability of Advanced Truck Powertrains: A California Freight Case Study", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-11", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Charbel Mansour", "Amarendra Kancharla", "Julien Bou Gebrael", "Michel Alhajjar", "Olcay Sahin", "Natalia Zuniga-Garcia", "Hoseinali Borhan", "Sylvain Pagerit", "Vincent Freyermuth" ], "first_author": "Charbel Mansour", "venue": "World Electric Vehicle Journal", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Heavy-duty trucking is central to the U.S. economy, and improving its long-term sustainability requires cost-effective, energy-efficient, and reliable operations. Emerging technologies—advanced powertrains, batteries, and alternative fuels—offer potential solutions, but their economic and operational viability remains uncertain. This study evaluates the performance of Class 8 battery electric (BEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV), fuel cell electric (FCEV), and diesel trucks in terms of energy use and the levelized cost of driving (LCOD) to determine when these technologies become competitive without compromising operational reliability. The analysis explores how evolving fuel prices and vehicle technology improvements in 2023, 2035, and 2050 influence the cost competitiveness of each powertrain. By comparing the results at both the technology level and the fleet level, the study demonstrates that powertrains that appear cost-effective on individual routes may not always scale to fleet-wide viability, and vice versa. The analysis is based on real-world data from over 15,700 Class 8 truck trips recorded in California in 2022, capturing diverse driving scenarios, payload conditions, and operational constraints. The results show that BEV250 can deliver cost-effective performance in short-haul operations (0–250 miles) under depot electricity prices below USD 0.34/kWh and maintain this advantage through 2050 as battery costs decline. In the 250–500-mile segment, the technology-level analysis indicates that BEV500 often achieves the lowest LCOD on individual tours, particularly under low electricity prices, while the fleet-level results show that FCEVs provide a more consistent cost performance across all tours, especially when the route variability is high. For long-haul operations (>500 miles), where BEVs are assumed to operate without en-route charging, FCEVs emerge as the most cost-effective non-diesel option by 2050, provided hydrogen prices fall below USD 6/kg. PHEVs show a limited long-term competitiveness and are mainly viable under transitional fuel price conditions. Overall, the findings underscore that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Powertrain adoption must be range-aware, infrastructure-sensitive, and fleet-structured. By integrating technology-level and fleet-level perspectives, this study provides actionable insights for fleet operators, policymakers, and industry stakeholders seeking to balance cost, reliability, and sustainability in heavy-duty freight.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Powertrain", "Electricity", "Battery (electricity)", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Sustainability", "Payload (computing)", "Total cost of ownership", "Cost of electricity by source", "Haulage" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/12/668/pdf?version=1765450739" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1581299371", "doi": "10.24843/spektran.2013.v01.i02.p04", "title": "MODEL PENGANGKUTAN SAMPAH DI KOTA BANGLI", "year": 1970, "publication_date": "1970-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Pande N Sari Saraswati", "I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma", "I Gst Ketut Sudipta" ], "first_author": "Pande N Sari Saraswati", "venue": "Jurnal Spektran", "publisher": "Udayana University", "abstract": "The garbage transportation in Bangli City is currently done using a direct individual pattern (door to door). The vehicles used are dump trucks which are not covered, so they pollute the areas they pass by. Most of the vehicles are in bad condition. This study was aimed at identifying the transportation routes, the number of vehicles needed, the temporary place of garbage disposal ‘Tempat Pembuangan Sementara’ (TPS), and the rate of garbage retribution. The research method included the sample of garbage from the place of residence and the place of non residence based on SNI-19-3964-1994 used as a reference. This model used five compactor trucks for carrying garbage from 283 container bins with capacity of 0.36 m3, and one armroll truck for carrying the market garbage from four loudhaul with capacity of 6 m3 per day. The amount of retribution is analyzed based on the calculation of investment feasibility for 10 years time at 18% MARR interest rate, with an assumption that there was subsidy from the government. It was found that the value of NPV (Net Present Value) was Rp. 35.673.540,99, the value of BCR (Benefit of Cost Ratio) was 1.021 and the value of IRR (Internal Rate of Return) was 19.11%. The monthly rates of retribution were Rp. 2,000.00/family, Rp. 20,000.00/school unit, Rp. 25,000.00/office unit, Rp. 8,000.00/shop unit, Rp. 20.000.00/restaurant unit, Rp. 2,000.00/hotel/accommodation unit, and Rp. 6,000.00/market trader.", "keywords": [ "Garbage", "Truck", "Unit (ring theory)", "Garbage collection", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Operations management", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Waste management", "Mathematics", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.24843/spektran.2013.v01.i02.p04" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7147108289", "doi": "10.3390/systems14040382", "title": "Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Intermediate Facilities for E-Commerce Logistics in Crowdsourcing Model", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Fuqiang Lu", "Zhiyuan Gao", "Hualing Bi" ], "first_author": "Fuqiang Lu", "venue": "Systems", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "This paper investigates a novel variant of the two-echelon vehicle routing problem (2E-VRP) within the context of modern e-commerce logistics. The model integrates time windows, occasional trucks, occasional drivers, heterogeneous regular vehicles, and two increasingly relevant types of intermediate facilities: transshipment nodes and parcel lockers. Goods are transported from a first-echelon depot to intermediate facilities via occasional trucks and heterogeneous regular trucks, then delivered to customers through occasional drivers and heterogeneous regular riders at the second echelon, or retrieved by customers from designated parcel lockers. Given significant disparities in service scope, vehicle attributes, delivery rules, and cost structures between the two echelons, the crowdsourcing model for the first echelon is redesigned, and new intermediate facilities are incorporated to expand application scenarios and further enhance the operational advantages of the crowdsourcing mode. The objective aims to minimize transportation costs and minimize customer dissatisfaction costs. This study constructed a two-echelon vehicle routing optimization model under the crowdsourcing mode with time windows and intermediate facilities and developed an improved multi-objective sparrow algorithm (IMOSSA) to solve it. Algorithm comparisons and extensive case studies validate the algorithm’s effectiveness and superiority. Scenario analysis investigates the impact of crowdsourced vehicles on routing decisions, experimentally demonstrates the crowdsourcing model’s advantages, and derives practical managerial insights.", "keywords": [ "Crowdsourcing", "Transshipment (information security)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Truck", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Context (archaeology)", "Service (business)" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/4/382/pdf?version=1775045809" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7169580249", "doi": "10.34726/hss.2026.132720", "title": "Bi-level Optimization for Congestion-Mitigating Heavy-duty Truck Charging in Distribution Networks", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Milica Kovacevic" ], "first_author": "Milica Kovacevic", "venue": "reposiTUm (TU Wien)", "publisher": "TU Wien", "abstract": "Der rasante Ausbau verteilter Energieressourcen und die Elektrifizierung des schweren Straßengüterverkehrs verstärken die Netzengpässe in Verteilnetzen. Diese Arbeit entwickelt einen bidimensionalen Optimierungsrahmen, in dem ein Verteilnetzbetreiber die Ladelast einer aggregierten batterie-elektrischen LKW-Flotte antizipiert und stündliche, engpassabhängige Netznutzungsentgelte festlegt. Das Flottenproblem wird mittels Karush–Kuhn–Tucker-Bedingungen eingebettet, wodurch eine Optimierungsproblem mit einer Zielfunktion entsteht, die als gemischt-ganzzahliges lineares Programm an einem IEEE-33-Knoten-Testnetz mit hoher PV-Durchdringung gelöst wird. Dynamische Netznutzungsentgelte fungieren als knappheitsorientierte, kritische Spitzensignale, die zusammen mit Spotmarkt-Strompreisen die Depotladepreise in Belastungsstunden bestimmen.Numerische Experimente zeigen, dass dynamische Netznutzungsentgelte Depotladeprofile signifikant glätten, gleichzeitige Spitzenlasten am Netzanschlusspunkt reduzieren und die Netzauslastung senken können. Für kleine und mittel-große LKW-Flotten induziert der Preismechanismus zuverlässig Lastverschiebungen und führt zu Entlastung der Netzengpässe; moderate Reduktionen der PV-Abregelung ergeben sich, wenn zusätzliche Ladungen die lokale Erzeugung absorbieren. Ein Sättigungseffekt zeigt sich: Nahe der Kapazität des Ladefensters nimmt das Potenzial für zeitliche Flexibilität ab, und die Wirksamkeit von Preissignalen verringert sich signifikant. Unter festgelegter Anschlusskapazität kann Flottenwachstum zu ungedecktem Ladebedarf führen oder höhere Engpassstrafen erzwingen; eine Skalierung der Kapazität oder die Einbeziehung von Netzverstärkungen erhält die Wirksamkeit der Tarife auch bei größerem Umfang.Zentrale Ergebnisse betreffen eine sogenannte Shortfall-Strafe, die entlohnte ungedeckte Ladeenergie im Zielfunktionsrahmen der Flotte monetarisiert. Diese Strafe fungiert als wirtschaftliche Nutzeneinbuße und beeinflusst die Bereitschaft der Flotte, Engpässe in Kauf zu nehmen, um hohe Netznutzungsentgelte zu vermeiden. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass bei niedrigen Strafwerten die Flotte tendenziell weniger lädt als ihr Bedarf; bei höheren Strafwerten wird die vollständige Deckung des Ladebedarfs stärker priorisiert, wodurch die Wirksamkeit von Tarifen auf den Gesamtladestrom abnimmt. Im Vergleich zu den Einnahmen aus dem Transportdienst wird deutlich, dass Flottenbetreiber weniger geneigt wären, ihre Depot-Ladung als Reaktion auf die Netznutzungsentgelte zu reduzieren. Zukünftige Arbeiten sollten das vorgeschlagene Framework mit der Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheiten, mit einem AC-Netzmodell, vermaschten Topologien sowie bidirektionalem Vehicle-to-Grid-Betrieb und größeren, heterogeneren Flottenkonfigurationen erweitern, um die technische Realitätsnähe vom Modell zu steigern.", "keywords": [ "Die (integrated circuit)", "Truck" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.34726/hss.2026.132720" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4327614118", "doi": "10.14416/j.asep.2023.03.002", "title": "Integration of Three Vehicle Fleet Types for Delivering Relief Supplies During a Natural Disaster", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-03-16", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Patchara Kitjacharoenchai", "Peerapol Sittivijan" ], "first_author": "Patchara Kitjacharoenchai", "venue": "Applied Science and Engineering Progress", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The combined use of trucks and drones in last-mile delivery offers a more efficient and faster way to make deliveries from an operational standpoint. In this paper, we propose a new routing model that combines different vehicle fleets, including hybrid trucks, traditional trucks, and large drones, to deliver packages from a depot to different destinations cooperatively. This research will give us a better understanding of this drone logistics application, particularly in routing optimization. It can be further implemented to mitigate the impacts of natural disasters, mainly earthquakes, flooding, and landslides. This research aims to study the possibility of using drones to deliver relief supplies such as food, water, and medicine for humanitarian purposes during natural disaster periods to find the best possible route to directly reach the destination and minimize the flying time in the air. We develop a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) formulation to solve the I-VRPD optimally on a simulated small-scale problem and conduct a case study in one of the most affected regions by natural disasters. The numerical analysis demonstrates an improvement in the delivery time using three experiments that include testing the model on a set of benchmark problems and a case study based on the real scenario. The results show that the delivery time of the proposed model with the integration of three types of vehicle fleets can outperform the operation performed by a single-vehicle fleet by a significant percentage.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Drone", "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Natural disaster", "Operations research", "Integer programming", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Transport engineering", "Flooding (psychology)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Humanitarian Logistics" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.03.002" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4220934131", "doi": "10.35631/ijscol.35002", "title": "GENERALIZED COST OF FREIGHT MULTIMODAL SYSTEM IN JAVA", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-03-06", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Larasari Tisno Suryawati", "Nahry Nahry", "Fitri Indriastiwi", "Sigit Pranowo Hadiwardoyo" ], "first_author": "Larasari Tisno Suryawati", "venue": "International Journal of Supply Chain Operation Management and Logistics", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The multimodal system in Indonesia requires development in order to create a more efficient and reliable freight transport and diminish the domination of road transport, i.e. trucks. The utilization of more than one mode in a multimodal system, where there is a door-to-door element, requires a network development concept that refers to the use of generalized costs, instead of costs incurred to use the system (out of pocket). Generalized cost is the concept of monetization of time, distance and cost variables into a certain unit value (time or cost). The aim of this study is to analyze the generalized cost model of freight transport in Java based on truck, train and ship modes. In this paper, the generalized cost variable used is based on the viewpoint from freight forwarders and shippers obtained through primary surveys and the AHP method cost, reliability and lead time. Monetization of reliability and lead time variables on costs is based on a stated preference survey, the results of which show that the truck mode has a time VOR Rp 1,181,771 and VOT Rp 174,079 (per delivery per hour). These values are the largest compared to the other modes considering that congestion and the unavailability of adequate infrastructure are the factors that cause delays. The results of the generalized cost show that the ship mode, which has the largest generalized cost value, is 1.29 times more expensive than the truck mode considering that the journey is heavily influenced by weather and has a need for further modes to the destination as well as additional handling equipment which increases transportation costs. The outcome are expected to be used by the government as a reference in determining multimodal transport development policies which will enable the system to compete in the logistics sector.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Monetization", "Unavailability", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Operations research", "Total cost", "Variable (mathematics)", "Variable cost", "Unit cost", "Mode (computer interface)" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.35631/ijscol.35002" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2767226362", "doi": null, "title": "Factors Influencing Supply of Petroleum Products in Kenya; A Case of Kenya Pipeline Company, Eldoret Depot, Kenya", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-10-29", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Peter Ndegwa Gicharu", "Yona Sakaja Mang’usho" ], "first_author": "Peter Ndegwa Gicharu", "venue": "American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Petroleum products are typically in high demand in most economies around the globe with countries such as South Sudan, Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda rely on Kenya for petroleum products. Management of petroleum products has diverse effects on the supply chain. The research sort to establish the influence of fuel supply function on the management of petroleum products in Kenya: a case of Kenya Pipeline Company, Eldoret depot. The study used descriptive statistics to analyze obtained data. The study had a target population of 98 respondents which resulted in a sample size of 91 respondents by use of Yamane (1967). Data was collected by use of questionnaires which were tested and found reliable. Collected data was analyzed by use of SPSS and results presented inform of tables, frequencies, and percentages. From the findings of the study, storage capacity was found to be an issue that affected the supply of different petroleum products resulting to low throughput and increased lead time, infrastructure at the depot was found to be inadequate in meeting the supply-demand of different petroleum products needed by consumers. Regulations adopted by KPC Eldoret depot meet the consumer requirements and set standards but due to lack of enforcement have led to low standards in petroleum products handling. The quality of petroleum products availed at the depot meets the set quality standards but due to ignorance, quality at times is compromised leading to adulterated petroleum products being availed to consumers.The study concluded that, with increased storage capacity, lead time will be reduced hence increasing throughput, with an improved pipeline infrastructure, efficiency and effectiveness will be addressed leading to increased throughput and turnaround time, regulations adopted by KPC Eldoret depot were found to be effective which enhanced management of petroleum products but more enforcement was important. The researcher recommends that storage and loading capacity to be increased, reduce beauracratic structures in truck clearance and improvement on quality control measures to ensure quality products are supplied to consumers thus ensuring proper management of petroleum products.", "keywords": [ "Petroleum", "Business", "Petroleum product", "Population", "Descriptive statistics", "Supply chain", "Operations management", "Agricultural science", "Engineering", "Environmental science", "Marketing", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/3510" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4387120991", "doi": "10.33714/masteb.1224099", "title": "Optimization for Green Container Shipping: A Review and Future Research Directions", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-09-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ercan Kurtuluş" ], "first_author": "Ercan Kurtuluş", "venue": "Marine Science and Technology Bulletin", "publisher": "Association of Food Technology, Turkey", "abstract": "Maritime freight transportation is one of the least emissions-producing transportation alternatives in terms of transported tonnage per distance. However, it produces a high amount of emissions as around 80% of international freight transportation is conducted through seas and 20% of maritime transportation is conducted through container shipping. This makes it crucial to reduce emissions in container shipping. In this regard, this study reviewed previous studies on the environmental optimization of container shipping and identified various future research directions. The results showed that in the sea segment of environmental optimization of container shipping, decisions which require further attention include resource allocation, emission reduction technology choice, disruption recovery, freight rate optimization, and shipment scheduling. The decisions that require future research in the port segment are related to internal transportation and handing operations in container terminals (i.e., yard crane deployment, yard truck deployment, yard truck scheduling, yard container stack allocation, yard container retrieval), renewable energy source installation, and emission reduction technology choice. Vessel scheduling and speed optimization decisions are the most frequently studied decisions in the sea segment, but they are rarely considered for inland shipping of containers. In the sea-port combined segment of container shipping, future studies are required in quay crane scheduling, vessel scheduling, container route allocation, ship route allocation vessel deployment, and emission reduction technology choice. The least studied decision in the door-to-door segment of container shipping includes hub location-allocation, empty container relocation, ship route allocation, vessel deployment, environmental taxation and subsidy scheme, emissions reduction technology choice, and speed optimization. It was also demonstrated that modeling of future studies should more frequently consider uncertainties and social sustainability parameters.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Container (type theory)", "Yard", "Software deployment", "Transport engineering", "Port (circuit theory)", "Shipyard", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Operations management", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2851827" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2749846309", "doi": null, "title": "Comprehensive Analysis of the Effects of Traffic, Geometrics and Access Management on Truck Crashes, an Arterial Corridor Perspective", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Most Afia Sultana" ], "first_author": "Most Afia Sultana", "venue": "Open PRAIRIE (South Dakota State University)", "publisher": "South Dakota State University", "abstract": "Truck safety has been of great interest to transportation officials, engineers, and researchers for many years because of the amount of freight transported by truck, the safety impact of trucks in traffic, and trucks’ invaluable contribution to the country’s economic growth. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), over 400,000 truck-related crashes occurred in 2009 with approximately 7,800 of those are fatal. Compared to the extensive studies conducted on freeway truck safety, the research on arterial streets is considerably disproportionate. Connecting between traffic generators, arterial streets are key links for door-to-door deliveries. It is urgent to study and evaluate truck safety impact on arterial streets in response to the continued strong growth of truck traffic. This study closes the gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of truck-related crashes occurred on arterial roads. Truck related crashes are expected to be reduced through the careful planning of the location, design and operations of driveways, median openings, intersections and street sections. By collecting extensive roadway geometric characteristics, pavement conditions, traffic data on selected arterial corridors heavily traveled by truck, truck crash frequency and severity contributing factors have been identified using the negative binomial model and multinomial logit (MNL) model, respectively. In particular,tremendous effort has been made to collect the access related information manually through Google earth and Google map. Statistical models have been tested with different combinations of datasets, e.g. with and without access parameters. Without the access related variables, truck miles traveled, annual average daily traffic (AADT), signal density, shoulder width, pavement service index (PSI) and its standard deviation are statistically significant factors for predicting the crash frequency. After incorporating newly collected access data, commercial driveway design related variables exhibited statistical significance while the previously significant variables such as AADT, PSI and its standard deviation were no longer statistically significant. This noticeable change of the statistical models composed of different variables warns us that the spurious relationship may be formed if a causal relationship does not exist. The engineering judgment and reasoning through improved data collection can help to distinguish statistical artifacts from meaningful statistical correlations. For the crash severity prediction MNL identified twelve contributing factors such as posted speed limit, lane width, number of lanes, pavement condition index, undivided roadway portion and the variables that also affect crash frequency. Subsequently, the arterial corridors safety performance measured via a truck crash severity index (CSI) as a function of crash frequency and injury severity has been established. It is anticipated that the findings in the study will not only benefit state and local agencies in planning, designing, and managing a safe arterial corridor for trucks and other motorists, but also help motor carriers to optimize their routes from the safety perspective.", "keywords": [ "Perspective (graphical)", "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Operations management", "Engineering", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1638" } ]