[ { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4389692531", "doi": "10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.472", "title": "Challenges of adopting the principles of circular economy in sparsely populated areas: Finnish case study on organizing straw supply for cellulose production", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ville Hinkka", "Rosa Palmgren" ], "first_author": "Ville Hinkka", "venue": "Transportation research procedia", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "This paper examines the possibilities to recycle residue material from farm production. The review is based on a case study on using straw as a raw material for cellulose. The focus is on organizing the logistics related to collecting straw from fields and transporting it to a cellulose processing plant in Finland. When developing the logistics system, the aim is to use existing machinery and infrastructure as much as possible. Farmers oversee the logistics from farm to local depot themselves with the aid of baling service providers. Two options are provided: 1) transport of bales to the cellulose production plant on HCT trucks or 2) pretreatment during which the material is extracted, cutting the transport need between the local depot and the cellulose factory by 70%. The most reasonable option depends on the pretreatment technology used and the distance between local depot and plant.", "keywords": [ "Cellulose", "Straw", "Supply chain", "Production (economics)", "Raw material", "Business", "Truck", "Waste management", "Operations management", "Engineering", "Economics", "Chemistry" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.472" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2069635489", "doi": "10.1109/icsssm.2011.5959442", "title": "Multi-period vehicle routing problem with recurring dynamic time windows", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-06-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Feng Zhen" ], "first_author": "Feng Zhen", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper discusses a new practical variant of the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW), which originated from the regional transportation planning for oil products at a China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) branch in a northwest province of mainland China. Tanker trucks are scheduled to serve each oil station in multiple periods according to a recurring and dynamic time window setting. Refilling at an oil depot is always required after visiting an oil station, so it is safe to assume that the vehicles are uncapacitated. The problem is formulated into a mixed-integer programming model and shown to be NP-Hard. We found that the mixed-integer programming model is only solvable for very small impractical cases using exact methods, e.g., branch and cut, which is employed by the state-of-the-art commercial solver ILOG CPLEX. Moreover, due to the floating time windows imposed on the nodes, traditional local search-based heuristics with node interchange operators are not applicable. Thus, we adapt and propose an iterative time window partitioning heuristic that discretizes time windows into multiple time points with dynamic partition widths. Experiments show good quality solutions can be achieved for problem cases with practical sizes.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Vehicle routing problem", "Heuristics", "Integer programming", "Solver", "Mathematical optimization", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Heuristic", "Partition (number theory)", "Dynamic programming", "Operations research", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2011.5959442" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161709014", "doi": "10.1016/j.exis.2026.101957", "title": "Beyond extraction sites: A corridor political ecology of truck-based sand supply in West Africa", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-19", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Merano Habonimana" ], "first_author": "Merano Habonimana", "venue": "The Extractive Industries and Society", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Political ecology", "Politics", "Extraction (chemistry)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2026.101957" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4308416857", "doi": "10.2495/cr220181", "title": "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT USING A FASTER AND MORE ECO-FRIENDLY MODE", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-11-03", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hamad R. Almujibah" ], "first_author": "Hamad R. Almujibah", "venue": "WIT transactions on the built environment", "publisher": "WIT Press", "abstract": "Especially in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia, when considering an increase in rail lines it is vital to examine the freight sector's sustainable development.The aim is to transfer freight from slow modes of transport (trucks) to the faster and more eco-friendly mode of rail.This paper predicts two economic impacts from the transfer: less wear on the pavement structure of the highways, and changes in terms of time, cost, infrastructure capacity, and so on, compared to shipment by heavy trucks.Using rail can prevent damage to roads and the costs relating to heavy trucks, as well as accidents and air pollution.Various parameters are considered, such as loading and the longitudinal tire forces of trucks, the materials used in the construction of roads (e.g.asphalt) and their thickness.In this case, a 950-km length of the Riyadh-Jeddah line is used as a case study, determining the cost and time taken both before and after introducing a freight rail system.This method can be applied to the military sector to move heavy haulage and to transport minerals all over Saudi Arabia.In this case, the just-in-time (JIT) or door to door (DTD) method of delivery services is adopted, as trucks still have to drive the first and/ or last few kilometers of each railway journey.It is based on a comparative model to calculate and compare total shipping costs and transport time for road and rail transport.As a result, the total cost of transporting military vehicles/freight by rail transport is about $11,423, resulting from $1,272, $8,695, and $1,456 of fuel, labor wages, and drivers' wages, respectively, which is lower than by road transport of about $12,634, resulting from $606, $661, $8,695, and $2,672 for the fuel cost, road user charge/express tolls, labor wages, and drivers' wage, respectively.", "keywords": [ "Haulage", "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Mode of transport", "Sustainable transport", "Sustainable development", "Environmentally friendly", "Road transport", "Mode (computer interface)", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2495/cr220181" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2320265578", "doi": "10.1061/40996(330)64", "title": "The Technological and Economical Analysis on the Bulk Chemical Cargo Containerization", "year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-01-05", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Limin Tang", "Cuilian Liu", "Chen Chen", "Zeming Fu" ], "first_author": "Limin Tang", "venue": "Logistics", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "\"Bulk Cargo Containerization\" means that bulk materials are put into standard containers directly without packing and transported by container ships, trucks or trains. This kind of transport mode can realize low-lot and door-to-door logistics service. It doesn't operate cargos directly so as to avoid pollution and leakage. This paper uses technological and economical analysis to compare different kinds of transport mode of a certain bulk chemical material, and makes clear that there is great technological feasibility and economic necessity to use tank container multi-mode transport instead of the current traditional transport mode. If this new kind of logistics operation mode is promoted, it can improve the degree of chemical-logistics' standardization. Besides, this model is safe, environmental protection, saving resource and reduces losses. It can also decrease the inventory level of chemical material or products on the supply chain.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Containerization", "Container (type theory)", "Standardization", "Supply chain", "Mode (computer interface)", "Train", "Logistics center", "Computer science", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Operations research" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1061/40996(330)64" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4405767843", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2412.17299", "title": "Routing mobile health clinics: An integrated routing and resupply plan based on synchronization", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-12-23", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Faisal Alkaabneh", "Sam Jotham Sutharson" ], "first_author": "Faisal Alkaabneh", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "As an important means of providing medical services in developing countries and remote areas, Mobile Health Clinics (MHCs) focus on distributing medical supplies and providing basic health needs to underserved communities. In this paper, we propose a new model for the mobile health clinics with resupply from a truck and heterogeneous demand. In addition to the traditional routing decisions, our model also establishes en-route resupply plan. Adding the en-route resupply plan adds complexities to this problem as more constraints need to be added to accommodate for the synchronization between a fleet of MHCs and a resupply truck. We model this problem as a vehicle routing problem with multiple synchronization constraints and heterogeneous demand (VRPMSC-HD) and formulate a mixed integer linear programming (MILP). We propose a metaheuristic based on adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) with new operators to solve large-scale instances of the model. To demonstrate the value of the synchronization approach, we compare the total distance traveled by the mobile health clinics and the resupply truck and the arrival of the last mobile health clinic to the depot against a model where mobile health clinics are allowed to perform multiple trips to resupply from the depot. Our results reveal that despite the increase of 6.79% in traveled distance under the synchronization approach, the reduction in the latest arrival time is 16.06% on average. Implying that the utilization of the fleet of mobile health clinics can be significantly improved at the cost of extra traveling time when combining the traveling time of all the mobile health clinics and the resupply truck.", "keywords": [ "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Plan (archaeology)", "Synchronization (alternating current)", "Computer science", "Health plan", "Computer network", "Business", "Health care", "Geography", "Economics", "Economic growth" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.17299" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4285263096", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4096498", "title": "On a Pickup to Delivery Drone Routing Problem: Models and Algorithms", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alfredo Candia-Véjar", "Javier E. Gómez-Lagos", "Benjamín Rojas-Espinoza" ], "first_author": "Alfredo Candia-Véjar", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Travelling salesman problem", "Computer science", "Pickup", "Vehicle routing problem", "Mathematical optimization", "Job shop scheduling", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Solver", "GRASP", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Distributed computing" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4096498" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2033738284", "doi": "10.1080/15568310802470117", "title": "Economic and Risk Implications in the Distribution of Petrol Products to Service Stations under Retailer Managed and Vendor Managed Inventories", "year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-12-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chiara Bersani", "R. Minciardi", "Roberto Sacile" ], "first_author": "Chiara Bersani", "venue": "International Journal of Sustainable Transportation", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "abstract": "Retailer inventory management is the common approach that is used by oil companies in the distribution of petrol products to service stations. Service station retailers send orders to the oil company vendor according to their own perception of inventory and of the future demand. The oil vendor consequently optimizes the deliveries by solving a related capacitated-vehicle routing problem. Nowadays, the technological possibility to monitor remotely the level of the underground storage tanks in the service stations allows a new formulation of the problem, planning deliveries based on the actual level of the inventory and on a prediction of future demand, that is, shifting also the inventory management on the vendor side. From a sustainable viewpoint, the centralization of the management of the retailer inventories has an economic impact, that in the case of petrol products is also related to risk impact, that has not yet been evaluated. Under this perspective, a comparison between the two approaches is described, where the vendor inventory management is proposed according to an original formulation of the problem integrating both the inventory and the routing costs in the objective function of the related mathematical programming formulation. This formulation has been implemented, tested and compared with respect to a simple simulated retailer inventory procedure in a series of random trials. In addition, the evaluation has been applied to an actual case study, related to the Nice (France) district, to evaluate the improvements of the performance of the distribution of petrol products by tank trucks when the central depot can receive the levels of the underground storage tanks in real-time. The results show that the proposed approach would have allowed a reduction in the number of deliveries and in the overall amount of kilometers necessary for the deliveries themselves, that is with a certain related economic impact. As a consequence, it is also shown that risk in the transportation of petrol products also decreases in the territory affected by this transportation, thus improving both the economic and the risk sustainability of this transport.", "keywords": [ "Vendor", "Vendor-managed inventory", "Truck", "Service (business)", "Operations research", "Vehicle routing problem", "Operations management", "Inventory theory", "Business", "Service level", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 7, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15568310802470117" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2348872799", "doi": null, "title": "Improve the Repair Stations Dealing with Faults 70 t Class Truck Repair Facilities and Faults Countermeasures", "year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Xu Lin" ], "first_author": "Xu Lin", "venue": "Railway Locomotive & Car", "publisher": null, "abstract": "With the 70-ton truck a large number of vehicles in use,the new situation and new problems have been exposed.This requires that we have to pay a great importance to carefully analyze and take effective measures to ensure the safety of vehicular traffic to facilitate timely improvements in the maintenance overhaul.We take more than 200 70-ton trucks of the two depots belong to Nanchang Railway Bureau in the station to repair the repair of minor faults the Provisional statistics information as an example.This paper attempts to explore the solution to the current 70-ton truck into the station vehicles and temporary repair of the minor amendments found in the issue of fault and repair facilities is analyzed.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Engineering", "Transport engineering", "Fault (geology)", "Forensic engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-TDJC200906023.htm" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W68491167", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-60550-5_50", "title": "Optimale Linienführung und Routenplanung in Verkehrssystemen", "year": 1997, "publication_date": "1997-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "de", "authors": [ "Achim Bachem", "Anja Hamacher", "Ch. Moll", "G. Raspel" ], "first_author": "Achim Bachem", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Computer science", "Vehicle routing problem", "Mathematical optimization", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Context (archaeology)", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Mathematics", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60550-5_50" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415008014", "doi": "10.33915/etd.12985", "title": "Customer Segmentation and Fuel Economy Prediction using Telemetry Data from Heavy-Duty Trucks", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Batishahe Selimi" ], "first_author": "Batishahe Selimi", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Heavy-duty trucks constitute only a modest fraction of on-road vehicles, yet their intensive duty cycles and high fuel demands yield a disproportionately large share of transportation fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions. Addressing this imbalance requires data-driven tools that capture the realities of fleet operation and translate complex telemetry into actionable insight. This dissertation introduces a unified machine-learning framework that operates exclusively on high resolution time-series data collected from fifty-nine diesel trucks deployed across Southern California. It begins by constructing a multi-modal feature space that blends statistical summaries of key engine signals, static vehicle descriptors, and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, thereby providing a compact yet expressive encoding of temporal and structural behavior. An unsupervised clustering pipeline based on Ward-linkage agglomerative clustering then partitions the fleet into semantically coherent operational segments, revealing groupings such as long-haul freight, urban delivery, and construction service trucks. Within these segments, the study investigates several predictive architectures, including feed-forward neural networks, Long Short-Term Memory models, and a hybrid design that couples LSTM-derived temporal embeddings with Gradient-Boosting regression. Empirical evaluation shows that aligning model training with the discovered behavioral clusters substantially improves fuel economy prediction accuracy, particularly under high-variance duty cycles, while preserving the interpretability required for operational decision making. Beyond methodological innovation, the proposed framework supports practical benefits: fuel-use forecasting, scheduling and maintenance planning, and establishes a scalable foundation for anomaly detection and emissions reporting as environmental regulations tighten. Collectively, the work advances intelligent transportation analytics by bridging complex real-world telemetry and sustainable fleet management, charting an interpretable and extensible path toward lower emissions and higher operational efficiency in heavy-duty trucks.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Cluster analysis", "Fleet management", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Key (lock)", "Interpretability", "Pipeline (software)", "Anomaly detection" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.12985" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2338579667", "doi": null, "title": "Multi-agent system design for automated docking of semi-trailers by means of autonomous vehicles", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Berry Gerrits" ], "first_author": "Berry Gerrits", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "In this thesis we develop a generic automated planning and control system based on agent technology for the pick-up and docking of semi-trailers by means of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) in a collision- and conflict free environment. To design a comprehensive Multi-Agent System (MAS) we (i) decompose the system into a functional specification, (ii) design agents based on the functional specification, (iii) develop the required interactions between the agents and the environment and (iv) develop the decision capabilities of the agents. We then put our design to work using a case study provided by logistics service provider Rotra through the RAAK-PRO project Intelligent Truck Applications in Logistics (INTRALOG). The case study provides a pilot location where a new cross-dock will be built in the near future. We focus on this pilot location where the handling of semi-trailers should be done autonomously where we use yard tractors (YTs) as AGVs. We validate our design by building a discrete-event simulation model tailored to the pilot location.", "keywords": [ "DOCK", "Truck", "Systems engineering", "Yard", "Automated guided vehicle", "Engineering", "Computer science", "Event (particle physics)", "Collaborative design", "Software engineering", "Transport engineering", "Simulation" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://essay.utwente.nl/69511/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4394676867", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-45565-0_7", "title": "Green Network Design and Facility Location", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Josué C. Velázquez-Martínez", "Jan C. Fransoo" ], "first_author": "Josué C. Velázquez-Martínez", "venue": "Springer series in supply chain management", "publisher": "Springer International Publishing", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Facility location problem", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Operations research" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/1af168e1-132e-439f-883e-fde4e3b8ac49" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7203871481", "doi": "10.17073/2500-0632-2025-05-965", "title": "Comparison of travel route optimization algorithms performance for fuel truck routing problem in open pit mines", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-21", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Kürşat Hasözdemir", "Muhammet Mustafa Kahraman", "Ö. E. Özalp" ], "first_author": "Kürşat Hasözdemir", "venue": "Gornye nauki i tekhnologii = Mining Science and Technology (Russia)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Fuel distribution is a critical bottleneck in open-pit mining operations, where unplanned equipment downtime due to fuel depletion directly increases operational costs and disrupts production continuity. Optimizing fuel truck routing under real-time, dynamic conditions, accounting for equipment locations, fuel levels, and refueling priorities, remains an insufficiently addressed problem in the existing vehicle routing literature. This study evaluates and compares three algorithmic approaches for solving the priority-constrained fuel truck routing problem in open-pit mining: Brute Force (BF), Branch and Bound with a Reduced Matrix Approach (B & B), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The algorithms are tested on two datasets from a North American coal mine, a primary dataset of 14 equipment units and a supplementary dataset of 38 units, using geodesic distances and a three-tier priority structure based on real-time fuel levels. A modified B & B formulation employing matrix reduction and dummy variables is applied to enforce priority group constraints without premature depot returns. ACO parameters are tuned for the priority-constrained routing environment with a fixed depot start. On the primary dataset, BF yields the optimal path of 54.39 km in 1.68 seconds, B & B produces a near-optimal path of 55.01 km in 1.41 seconds, and ACO achieves a heuristic path of 55.01 km in 0.22 seconds. Scalability analysis shows that BF becomes computationally infeasible beyond 17 equipment units, B & B beyond 29 units, while ACO consistently delivers near-optimal solutions across all tested scales within approximately 1 second. ACO is identified as the most suitable algorithm for real-time fuel truck routing in large-scale open-pit mining operations, offering the best balance between solution quality and computational efficiency, with a deviation of 1.13% from the optimal path.", "keywords": [ "Open-pit mining", "Truck", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Optimization algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/download/965/584" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7138919056", "doi": "10.56065/icebm2025.240", "title": "Comparing Distance- and CO2-Optimized Heuristics and Metaheuristics for the Multi-Depot Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem in Agricultural Logistics", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-16", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Giacinto Angelo Sgarro", "Domenico Santoro", "Francesco Colasanto", "Luca Grilli", "C. J. Russo", "Giulio Mario Cappelletti", "Marsia Cusenza", "Antonio Vairo" ], "first_author": "Giacinto Angelo Sgarro", "venue": "INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ECONOMICS BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT", "publisher": null, "abstract": "In this study, we tested three algorithms to solve a real-world agricultural logistics problem based on real geographic data. The task involves optimizing the collection and delivery of agricultural containers across multiple depots, using a fleet of capacity-constrained trucks. Two optimization scenarios were investigated. In the first, edge weights represented distances between points in kilometers. In the second, they represented emissions of CO2 equivalent per route, calculated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) according to the Global Warming Total (fossil + biogenic) impact category of the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF), following the IPCC methodology. Each algorithm — a greedy heuristic (Eu) and two Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)-based metaheuristics (Meta 1 and Meta 2) — was executed under both distance-based and CO2-based scenarios. The heuristic, being deterministic, was run once per matrix, while each metaheuristic was executed ten times per scenario. Total distance and CO2 emissions were computed for each solution, and results were compared through boxplots and summary tables. Although differences between the two optimization criteria were minimal, CO2-based optimization slightly outperformed distance-based optimization, yielding marginally lower total distances and emissions. Both ACO-based metaheuristic algorithms consistently outperformed the greedy heuristic, confirming their superior robustness. These findings suggest that, in this context, optimizing routes for CO2 emissions or distance leads to comparable results, indicating that ecological and efficiency objectives may align in real-world logistics scenarios.", "keywords": [ "Metaheuristic", "Heuristics", "Ant colony optimization algorithms", "Vehicle routing problem", "Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution", "Greedy algorithm", "Heuristic", "Task (project management)", "Facility location problem" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.56065/icebm2025.240" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3041670834", "doi": "10.1249/01.mss.0000678720.11656.03", "title": "Cardio-respiratory Fitness And Vigorous Physical Activity In Australian Truck Drivers Prior To A Hiit Intervention", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-07-01", "type": "conference-abstract", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nicholas David Gilson", "Grégore Iven Mielke", "Jeff Scott Coombes", "Mitch J. Duncan", "Guy Wallis", "Wendy J. Brown" ], "first_author": "Nicholas David Gilson", "venue": "Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise", "publisher": "Lippincott Williams & Wilkins", "abstract": "‘Truck-Fit’ is a cluster randomised controlled trial designed to test the efficacy of a 12-week high intensity interval training (HIIT) program delivered at driver depots. PURPOSE: To assess program need, this study examined baseline physical health (BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure), cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF), and vigorous physical activity (VPA) profiles of the Australian drivers recruited to the program. METHODS: Participants (n=31 men; mean [SD] age=44.5 [10.5] years) visited the University of Queensland exercise laboratory (June-August 2019) for clinical screening prior to intervention or control group allocation. Height, weight, waist circumference and resting blood pressure were measured using standard protocols. CRF (VO2peak) was assessed during a graded exercise test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. In the week proceeding their visit, drivers wore an accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X) on the non-dominant wrist for 24 hours x 7 days, and kept a log recording daily wear time; raw acceleration was extracted and open-source software (GGIR) used to calculate VPA across this time period. RESULTS: Mean (SD) body mass index (31.9 [6.8] kg/m2) and waist circumference (108.4 [17.4] cm) scores were high; 45% (n=14) of drivers were hypertensive, with three medicated for high blood pressure. CRF was ‘below percentile 25’ relative to age and sex in 52% (n=16) of drivers (mean [SD] VO2peak= 29.7 [7.5] mL.kg-1.min-1); 23% (n=7) of drivers ranked ‘below percentile 5’ compared to VO2peak normative data. Accelerometer data (5.3 [1.6] valid days) indicated drivers did very little high intensity physical activity (mean [SD] VPA=3.1 [2.8] minutes/day; range of 0.4-9.7 minutes/day). CONCLUSIONS: The study findings strongly support the need for intervention in this driver sample. Implementation of ‘Truck-Fit’ is particularly warranted, given strong beneficial associations between HIIT, CRF improvement and reduced mortality risk in low fit, obese groups.", "keywords": [ "Waist", "Medicine", "Cardiorespiratory fitness", "Percentile", "Blood pressure", "Physical therapy", "Circumference", "Body mass index", "Internal medicine", "Statistics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000678720.11656.03" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2274855134", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-00795-3_78", "title": "Heuristic Strategies for a Multi-Allocation Problem in LTL Logistics", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-11-27", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Uwe Clausen", "J. Fabian Meier" ], "first_author": "Uwe Clausen", "venue": "Operations research proceedings", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Heuristic", "Mathematical optimization", "Integer (computer science)", "Integer programming", "Set (abstract data type)", "Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Point (geometry)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Operations research" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00795-3_78" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7202352357", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2608.11641", "title": "Energy-Aware Wind-Resilient Routing for Truck-Assisted Multi-UAV Delivery under Wind Uncertainty", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-12", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Tianshun Li", "Yanggang Sheng", "Hongliang Lu", "Zhongzhen Wang", "Haoang Li", "Xinhu Zheng" ], "first_author": "Tianshun Li", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Energy feasibility under wind uncertainty is a critical safety issue for low-altitude air-ground delivery. In truck-UAV systems, UAVs complete assigned deliveries and safely return to a mobile truck or depot, while wind-induced propulsion costs vary online and are only partially observable. Existing routing methods often rely on static or deterministic energy models, which may underestimate headwind, crosswind, battery-voltage, and return-feasibility risks. This paper proposes Energy-Aware Wind-Resilient Routing (EWR), an online risk-sensitive planning framework for wind-aware and energy-safe UAV routing. The delivery environment is represented as a time-dependent directed energy graph whose edge costs are updated using delayed noisy wind estimates, payload states, and conservative uncertainty margins. Experiments using synthetic delivery graphs with replayed wind logs from a public truck-UAV delivery dataset show that EWR improves mission success rates and reduces wind-induced return failures.", "keywords": [ "Payload (computing)", "Wind power", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Truck", "Time horizon", "Propulsion", "Energy (signal processing)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.11641" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3049247260", "doi": "10.1109/ccdc49329.2020.9164044", "title": "Modeling and Optimization of a Drayage Problem with Foldable and Standard Containers", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-08-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chao Huang", "Ruiyou Zhang" ], "first_author": "Chao Huang", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "A scenario of container drayage problem involving both foldable and standard containers is studied. Resource constraint about the limited number of empty foldable containers at depot has to be considered. The optimizing criterion is minimization of the total working time of trucks in operation. Based on the activity-change of truck handling containers, a mathematical formulation is established, and a reactive tabu search algorithm is designed to solve the problem. A number of computational experiments based on randomly generated instances are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Compared with common scenario of using standard containers, the introduction of foldable containers to drayage operation can save transportation costs to some extent.", "keywords": [ "Tabu search", "Container (type theory)", "Truck", "Minification", "Mathematical optimization", "Constraint (computer-aided design)", "Computer science", "Resource (disambiguation)", "Algorithm", "Engineering", "Mathematics", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc49329.2020.9164044" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165040616", "doi": "10.3390/drones10060466", "title": "Time-Efficient Routing and Speed Control for Truck Drone Delivery Under Non-Linear Energy Constraints", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-17", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yuxuan Ji", "L Y Liu", "Yong Wang", "Xi Vincent Wang", "Lihui Wang" ], "first_author": "Yuxuan Ji", "venue": "Drones", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Existing truck–drone collaborative routing models predominantly assume fixed flight speeds, overlooking the non-linear coupling among speed, payload, and energy consumption, which limits urban delivery efficiency. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes the multiple flying sidekick traveling salesman problem with variable drone speed (mFSTSP-VDS). Formulating drone cruising speed as a continuous variable under strict non-linear energy constraints, we design a hybrid algorithm (ALNS-SA-VND) to jointly optimize routing, task allocation, and speed. Empirical analysis of Wuhan’s road network demonstrates the VDS strategy’s robustness. Specifically, VDS reduces the system makespan by up to 17.5% compared to rigid maximum-speed strategies, with consistent stability across varying load scenarios. By adaptively trading permissible battery capacity for temporal synchronization, VDS effectively mitigates unnecessary truck waiting times at rendezvous nodes. This study quantitatively validates the impact of sortie-specific speed adaptation on time efficiency, providing an exploratory theoretical baseline for tactical-level planning in smart logistics networks.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Variable (mathematics)", "Truck", "Bridge (graph theory)", "Energy (signal processing)", "Stability (learning theory)", "Baseline (sea)", "Rendezvous", "Scheduling (production processes)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/10/6/466/pdf?version=1781706588" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2181457622", "doi": null, "title": "Survey of effective Parameters in People participation in Sorting the Waste (case study Tehran, IRAN, Region 1)", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Monireh Majlessi", "Aida Vaezi", "Shahid Beheshti" ], "first_author": "Monireh Majlessi", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "At present the solid waste of district 1 of Tehran with approximate daily weight of 2678 tons is collected by a contracting company equipped with 24 pickup trucks from door to door, also 17 prefabricated connex chambers have been placed in various locations in district, to receive the solid waste recyclable being delivered by the residents, the approximate daily weight of the solid waste is 103 tons. In this research the participation and cooperation of the district residences for separation and sorting of solid waste from outset have been assessed and their feedback concerning their training, their level of satisfaction on the position, volume and quality of the waste containers, the efficiency of mechanized collection, the information and the knowledge of residents about the implementation of the overall plan, its flaws and its advantages, have been fully studied. The results indicate that the degrees of citizens participation in separation and sorting of solid waste depend on their knowledge and awareness, the practical capabilities of the contraction, their satisfaction of mechanized collection, and the training rendered.", "keywords": [ "Municipal solid waste", "Truck", "Sorting", "Position (finance)", "Waste management", "Solid waste management", "Plan (archaeology)", "Operations management", "Business", "Engineering", "Computer science", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.isca.in/IJBS/Archive/v3/i12/15.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-140.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204450903", "doi": "10.1299/jamdsm.2026jamdsm0044", "title": "Mixed integer programs of routing and scheduling of minimizing a generalized makespan for a truck-drone parcel delivery system", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kim Cuc Vo Thi", "Yoshiyuki Karuno" ], "first_author": "Kim Cuc Vo Thi", "venue": "Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design Systems and Manufacturing", "publisher": "Japan Society Mechanical Engineers", "abstract": "We treat an issue of routing and scheduling for a parcel delivery system, which is composed of a single carrier truck and multiple identical drones. The carrier truck basically plays the role of a mobile depot of drones, and the drones perform the last-mile delivery of a parcel from the carrier truck at a stop to each of all the drone-served customers and of some flexible customers. The carrier truck also brings a parcel directly to such a customer that either can be or must be served by the carrier truck, i.e., it is either a flexible customer or a truck-served customer. The carrier truck delivers a parcel to a flexible customer if the direct delivery is more advantageous than the last-mile delivery by a drone. We propose a mixed integer program of this issue, which is an extended version of an existing formulation for a fixed truck route model of such a truck-drone system. The objective is to minimize the sum of the total duration over available truck stops and a weighted travel time of the carrier truck, i.e., it is to minimize a generalized makespan. We also demonstrate the solution quality of the proposed mixed integer program empirically by utilizing a mixed integer programming solver, and we observe an effect of the weight in the objective function and an effect of the existence of flexible customers in the numerical results.", "keywords": [ "Job shop scheduling", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Integer programming", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Integer (computer science)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jamdsm/20/5/20_2026jamdsm0044/_pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2102373392", "doi": "10.17134/sbd.17165", "title": "Ulaştirma Uygulamalarina Yönelik Çok Modlu Model Önerisi", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "tr", "authors": [ "Danışment Vural", "Cevriye Gencer", "Doğan Karadoğan" ], "first_author": "Danışment Vural", "venue": "DergiPark (Istanbul University)", "publisher": "Istanbul University", "abstract": "Every transportation mode has its own advantage based upon cost, speed, service, reliability and security. Exploiting the advantage of each transportation mode, multi mode transportation systems have begun to be used frequently today. In multimode transportation Freight or passenger is carried by at least two different modes but regarded as an integrated unique process. In this study, based on the multimode transportation, within three scenarios, three different materials are delivered by both trains and trucks in the problem, which consists of one main depot, fifteen depots and twenty nine customers. The problem is modelled as location routing problem and comparisons are made within scenarios and the actual situation.", "keywords": [ "Train", "Truck", "Mode (computer interface)", "Transport engineering", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Computer science", "Process (computing)", "Service (business)", "Operations research", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Engineering", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dergipark.gov.tr/khosbd/issue/19221/204274" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2743787756", "doi": null, "title": "The Use of RFID technology in Intermodal Transport", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Frane Mitrović", "Dean Sumić", "Dario Medić" ], "first_author": "Frane Mitrović", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Inter-modal transport represents freight transport ˝from door to door˝ using at least two branches of transport without the change of freight unit. Recently in inter-modal transport there is a greater use of radio-frequency identification – RF-ID technology that enables electronic monitoring of inter-modal freight during the entire transport time, loading trucks or wagons with freight, loading ships with the same freight to the port of unloading and transport continuation to the destination. The results of its use for private companies are reflected on monitoring the flow of freight and the higher market delivery speed, higher productivity and efficiency (which inevitably causes production process improvement), while for the countries it is important to improve national security, reduce traffic congestion etc. With regard to given facts, this paper shows the importance of RF-ID technology for the development of inter-modal transport and it answers some of the crucial questions regarding its application.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Modal", "Radio-frequency identification", "Productivity", "Port (circuit theory)", "Process (computing)", "Rail freight transport", "Business", "Engineering", "Computer science", "Computer security" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.iiis.org/CDs2011/CD2011SCI/MEI_2011/PapersPdf/MA234XX.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4402112505", "doi": "10.47233/jpst.v3i3.1984", "title": "Penentuan Rute Pengambilan Sampah Dengan Menggunakan Metode Clarke & Wright Algorithm Saving Heuristic Di Perusahaan Daerah Kebersihan Untuk Wilayah Bandung Timur", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-08-15", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jatmiko Agung Nugroho" ], "first_author": "Jatmiko Agung Nugroho", "venue": "Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Teknologi", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Trash problem in Capital City like Bandung City is became concern problem especially by West Java Government that relocating final waste disposal site from Sarimukti located in Padalarang Bandung Barat to final waste disposal site Legoknangka located in East Bandung, but final waste disposal site Legoknangka still in under construction, so the Government of Bandung City made temporary final waste disposal site located in Gedebage on Bandung City, because the distance between final waste disposal site Sarimukti and temporary final waste disposal site are far enough so need to be an assessement for disposal trucking route especially disposal truck various Dump Truck with maximum capacity 12 m³. The purpose for this research is to know, assessment, and analyze result from formation for route with VRP model (Vehicle Routing Problem) which is one of the methods are Saving Heuristic, the main focus on this methods is a big Savings distance, so that the result of distance is the shortest route but still concern maximum truck capacity. The result of this research is change route for truck disposal in East Bandung Area become 3 trucks with total travel distance 98.945 meters or ± 35.000 meters/truck from depot/pool to final waste disposal site, with this occur a savings from total trucks, total travel distance. Where is East Bandung Area usually needs 7 Dump Trucks for service this area, with only 1 truck serve 1-2 temporary dumping ground for travel distance 40.000 meters/truck for serve from temporary dumping ground this time not included travel distance and time travelling for truck to final waste disposal site.", "keywords": [ "Wright", "Algorithm", "Computer science", "Physics", "Mathematics", "Programming language" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://jurnal.minartis.com/index.php/jpst/article/download/1984/1703" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4394906076", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2404.10230", "title": "Urban Water Sprinkler Routing: A Multi-Depot Mixed Capacitated Arc Routing Problem Incorporating Real-Time Demands", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-04-16", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hongtai Yang", "Liu, Luna", "Ke Han", "Boyi Lei" ], "first_author": "Hongtai Yang", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Fugitive road dust (FRD), as one of the major pollutants in the city, poses great harm to the environment and the physical health of citizens. A common countermeasure adopted by government agencies is employing on-road water trucks (sprinklers) to spray water (sprinkle) on urban streets to reduce the FRD. Currently, the traveling routes of sprinklers are usually planned based on drivers' experience, which may lead low operation efficiency and could not respond to the real-time sprinkling demands. To address these issues, this study formulates the routes planning of sprinklers as a multi-depot mixed capacitated arc routing problem with real-time demands with the aim of minimizing the sprinklers' travel distance. We develop an improved adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm that incorporates a tabu-list and a perturbation mechanism to solve this problem. Furthermore, a problem-specific acceleration mechanism is designed to reduce unnecessary search domains to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Empirical experiments are conducted based on various scenarios and the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm generates solutions that are superior or at least comparable to the solutions generated by the traditional ALNS algorithm but with significantly lower computation time. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to explore the effects of relevant parameters on the results. This study is the first to incorporate real-time FRD pollution information, gathered through multiple data sources via IoT technology, into urban sprinkling operations, extending the traditional CARP from a tactical planning to a real-time operational environment. A real-world implementation case is also presented.", "keywords": [ "Arc routing", "Depot", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Arc (geometry)", "Mathematical optimization", "Operations research", "Environmental science", "Computer network", "Engineering", "Mathematics", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.10230" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3167614490", "doi": "10.26083/tuprints-00017583", "title": "Integrating Workforce Scheduling Aspects into Daily Operations at Trailer Terminals with a Special Focus on Loading and Unloading of Trucks", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Giorgi Tadumadze" ], "first_author": "Giorgi Tadumadze", "venue": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "publisher": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "abstract": "The cumulative dissertation at hand consists of four research papers, three of which have already been published in scientific journals. The fourth is under review to be published in another international journal. All four articles deal with the combinatorial optimization problems that arise through integrating personnel scheduling factors into operative planning at cargo handling facilities. More precisely, the considered planning problems are related to trucks' unloading and loading processes at massive transshipment terminals, crucial nodes for many modern transportation networks. Examples for such large trailer terminals can be distribution centers or cross-docks (e.g., in the food or automotive industry), hub terminals in the postal sector, etc. At such cargo facilities, hundreds of trucks are coordinated daily. In particular, goods are unloaded from incoming trucks, possibly stored for a while, consolidated, and loaded into outgoing trucks. Typically, a terminal building of such cargo facility consists of several gates (or dock doors), where trucks are docked while goods are unloaded or loaded into the trailer. One crucial planning problem at such facilities is to schedule trucks' loading and unloading processes at the terminal gates. The planning problem that determines on at which door and in which time interval each truck has to be (un-)loaded is called truck scheduling problem. Although trailers' (un-)loading activities at the gates usually require worker's involvement, the integration of personnel planning aspects into truck scheduling problems has only received little attention in the scientific literature. The focus of this thesis is to integrate workforce planning into truck scheduling problems. The planning problems proposed in the presented articles differ in spatial aspects where the respective operations take place. They include activities at the gates in both the receiving and the shipping areas of the facility as well as activities within the terminal yard, i.e., outside the terminal building. Furthermore, as discussed below, these four papers apply different methodologies to solve the corresponding optimization problems. The first paper focuses on inbound operations, i.e., in the receiving area of the cargo facility. We introduce a novel integrated workforce and truck scheduling problem, where incoming trucks with strict arrival and departure times are unloaded at the dock doors by a varying number of terminal employees. The duration of the trailer's unloading depends not only on the specific truckload but also on the number of workers jointly unloading it. It is worth mentioning that most existing models widely ignore the latter phenomenon by assuming constant handling times for each truck. That represents the case where a fixed number of employees are preassigned to each dock door in advance. In practice, however, terminal managers have additional flexibility in assigning a diverse number of employees to each truck, depending on the degree of its actual urgency. Since a higher number of employees speeds up the handling time, it is reasonable to solve the personnel assignment and truck scheduling problem holistically. We examine the integrated planning approach for two representative truck scheduling settings: a conventional distribution center and a cross-docking terminal. The resulting two optimization problems differ from each other in their objectives. The former's objective is to minimize the total flow-time (i.e., the total time a truck spends at the terminal, including the waiting time before the actual unloading process). In the cross-docking environment, the goods are directly moved towards the corresponding outbound trucks without any (extended) intermediate storage in the terminal. Hence, the latter problem aims to schedule the incoming trucks at the inbound gates in such a way that the unloaded goods can be transferred to the corresponding outbound trucks on time. More precisely, the truck scheduling problem in the cross-docking setting minimizes the number of delayed shipments that cannot reach the dedicated outbound trucks before the scheduled departure time. After formalizing the planning problems as mathematical optimization problems, we develop a mixed-integer linear optimization programming model for each setting. Moreover, we provide an alternative problem reformulation as the interval scheduling problem. Based on this, we design various heuristic solution procedures, which are different in terms of the interval generation process in the model preparation phase. We test the algorithmic performance of the proposed solution approaches using newly generated problem instances. Thereby, one of the proposed strategies proves to be very successful, obtaining (near-to-)optimal solutions in a reasonable computational time for the problem instances of realistic size. Furthermore, we compare the novel integrated truck and workforce scheduling approach with existing successive methods that solve the personnel assignment and the truck scheduling problem sequentially. The results show that compared to the existing approaches, the novel integrated planning approach can significantly improve the terminal's performance for both representative settings. The second article focuses on operations in the shipping area and deals with the loading and scheduling of outbound trucks. More precisely, the planning problem deals with the following decisions: assigning shipments with varying sizes to outgoing trucks considering the trailers' limited loading capacity, and scheduling the trucks' loading processes at the gates considering the given time windows and limited terminal workforce—required to load the shipments into trucks. Such a planning problem arises at cargo facilities where the goods are consolidated on the outbound side. An important example of such facilities is dispatch warehouses of part suppliers (e.g., in the automotive industry), from which multiple trucks ", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Trailer", "Focus (optics)", "Workforce", "Engineering", "Transport engineering", "Operations management", "Business", "Automotive engineering", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/17583/1/Dissertation_Tadumadze_TUprints.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4286611449", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6880928", "title": "THE TRAVELLING SALESMAN PROBLEM SOLUTION BY MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING IN MATLAB CODE", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-06-30", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jaromír Zahrádka" ], "first_author": "Jaromír Zahrádka", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "This article introduces one more specific solution of the travelling salesman problem. The seller has to distribute, using his truck, goods from the depot (warehouse) to n customers. Each customer point of delivery is given by GPS coordinates. This problem can be called the travelling salesman problem. The objective of the solution is to select the sequence of delivery points so that firstly the travel distance and subsequently the total travel time are minimal. The seller visits all delivery points and returns to the depot. In this article, one general solution is presented using the branch-and-bound method and by using mixed integer linear programming implemented in Matlab code. The created algorithm can be used for any number n of customers.", "keywords": [ "Travelling salesman problem", "Integer programming", "MATLAB", "Code (set theory)", "Integer (computer science)", "Linear programming", "Computer science", "Mathematical optimization", "Mathematics", "Parallel computing", "Algorithm", "Programming language" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6880928" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2973620990", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-31140-7_18", "title": "A Facility Allocation-Location Approach to Analyze the Capability of the State-Owned Mexican Petroleum Company to Respond to the Closure of Pipelines", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Santiago‐Omar Caballero‐Morales", "José Luis Martínez Flores" ], "first_author": "Santiago‐Omar Caballero‐Morales", "venue": "Lecture notes in computer science", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Pipeline transport", "Truck", "Economic shortage", "Gasoline", "Computer science", "Oil refinery", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Government (linguistics)", "Supply chain", "Petroleum", "Closure (psychology)", "Storage tank" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31140-7_18" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413955993", "doi": "10.18535/sshj.v9i09.1972", "title": "Evaluating Port-to-ICD Logistical Bottlenecks and Their Impact on Customs Clearance Delays at EX NASACO Inland Container Depot, Tanzania", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-03", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Oscar Nguvumali", "Eliamini Kasembe" ], "first_author": "Oscar Nguvumali", "venue": "Social Science and Humanities Journal", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Inland Container Depots (ICDs) extend seaport capacity but often shift congestion inland. This study investigates how port-to-ICD logistical bottlenecks prolong customs-clearance at EX NASACO ICD in Dar es Salaam. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, 80 stakeholders (customs officers, freight forwarders, depot managers, traders) completed a five-item logistical-inefficiency survey (Cronbach’s α = .82). Descriptive statistics showed high means for arrival-pattern variability (µ = 4.16) and coordination gaps (µ = 4.03). Pearson’s correlation linked inefficiency to clearance time (r = .66, p < .01), and an OLS regression found each one-point inefficiency increase adds 0.28 days (~6.7 hours) to dwell time (β = .28, p = .001; adjusted R² = .56). Fifteen semi-structured interviews revealed fragmented scheduling, agency silos, and yard under-utilization as key delay drivers. Triangulation confirms that asynchronous release-note uploads and misaligned truck-slot assignments generate systemic delays that equipment investments alone cannot solve. The study recommends implementing a shared digital slot-booking dashboard, establishing a joint operations centre for real-time coordination, and adopting a port community system to synchronize workflows measures projected to cut average clearance by one-third and enhance regional trade facilitation.", "keywords": [ "Tanzania", "Container (type theory)", "Port (circuit theory)", "Depot", "Business", "Geography", "Engineering", "Environmental planning" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://sshjournal.com/index.php/sshj/article/download/1972/829" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2142185379", "doi": null, "title": "Solving continuous replenishment inventory routing problems", "year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-08-22", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Samuel Fomundam" ], "first_author": "Samuel Fomundam", "venue": "University Libraries (University of Maryland)", "publisher": "University of Maryland, College Park", "abstract": "This research investigates the problem of resupplying points of dispensing (PODs), which will dispense medications to millions of people in case of a bioterrorist attack such as anthrax. After receiving an initial but limited supply of medication, the PODs will operate continuously. Vehicles will resupply the PODs continuously from a central depot that has a stockpile of medication. Each vehicle will repeatedly follow the same route and will deliver at each POD enough medication to replace what was consumed since the last visit. Because the number of drivers and trucks may be limited during an emergency, we wish to minimize the number of vehicles used to resupply the PODs. This thesis presents heuristics and a branch-and-bound approach for solving this NP-hard problem and evaluates their performance. We also analyze a special case in which all of the PODs have the same demand.", "keywords": [ "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Operations research", "Computer science", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8601" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4386806481", "doi": "10.4102/jamba.v15i1.1444", "title": "Applying network flow optimisation techniques to minimise cost associated with flood disaster", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-09-15", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Simon D. Okonta", "John Olutunji Olaomi" ], "first_author": "Simon D. Okonta", "venue": "Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies", "publisher": "AOSIS", "abstract": "Flooding disasters in most parts of the world has become worrisome to the government and to the humanitarian emergency organisations. In this article, the authors proffer a mathematical solution to minimise the cost of rescue operations, using stochastic programming of a multicommodity and multimodel network flow. In the formulation, the authors considered four supply depots: national centre depot (NCD), three local distribution centres (LDCs) and six points of distribution (PODs). Two vehicle types were helicopters by air and trucks by land. Three basic types of emergency relief materials include food, water and medical items. Three basic scenarios were mild, medium and severe situations with associated probabilities of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.25, respectively. The formulated model was solved using the LINGO software. The results show that the formulated model effectively reduced the cost of distribution during emergency rescue operation, as there was a thin line between demand and met demand. For the scope of this model, a minimised cost of about $1016673.37 is sufficient to carry out successful rescue operations. Contribution: The estimated amount of $1016673.37 becomes a benchmark for the government, research agencies and other developmental agencies for the purpose of planning. By using the air and road transport modes, and allowing direct and indirect transportation to the PODs, it saved time, resulting in many lives being saved.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Scope (computer science)", "Operations research", "Flood myth", "Transport engineering", "Government (linguistics)", "Total cost", "Computer science", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Flooding (psychology)", "Emergency management", "Flow network" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://jamba.org.za/index.php/jamba/article/download/1444/2667" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165810442", "doi": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128265", "title": "Prioritizing uncertainty-robust indicators to inform proactive substation upgrades for charging electric heavy-duty trucks", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-24", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Fletcher H. Passow", "Ram Rajagopal" ], "first_author": "Fletcher H. Passow", "venue": "Applied Energy", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Upgrade", "Heavy duty", "Grid", "Electric power", "Transmission (telecommunications)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128265" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165055570", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6956675", "title": "Optimizing E-commerce Same-Day Fulfillment: Truck-Drone Routing with Forward Warehouses and Order Splitting", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Tianze Chi", "Bing Han", "Jie Zhang" ], "first_author": "Tianze Chi", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Bidding", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Service (business)", "Trailer", "Payload (computing)", "Order (exchange)", "Order fulfillment" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6956675" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W29497252", "doi": null, "title": "Synchronization in Simultaneous Vehicle and Crew Routing and Scheduling Problems with Breaks", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-03-02", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Thomas R. Visser" ], "first_author": "Thomas R. Visser", "venue": "Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)", "publisher": "Utrecht University", "abstract": "In this thesis, we investigate a practical simultaneous vehicle and crew routing and scheduling problem arising in distribution transportation: goods need to be delivered from a central depot to customers using trailers and truck+driver combinations. Trailers may need to be reloaded by other personnel at the depot during the planning. Allowing drivers to switch trailers during reloading has great savings potential but difficult synchronization constraints arise. The problem becomes even more complex if social legislation on driving times for drivers is considered. We solve this problem by two-stage decomposition: first generation of trailer routes and then as- signment of route sections (trips) to truck+driver resource shifts, including a simplified driving rule for break planning in both stages. Different resource assignment solution methods able to handle synchronization constraints (temporal interdependencies) are investigated and compared, including construction heuristics and column generation methods with exact and heuristic pric- ing. The exact pricing problem is modelled as an ESPPRC with additionally linear node costs and it is solved exactly by a labelling algorithm. Mathematical properties can be used to sig- nificantly speed-up this exact pricing method. Further, different (predictive) break scheduling strategies during the trailer routing stage are investigated. Computational experiments on both modified benchmark instances (100–200 customers) and real-world data from a major Australian distributor show ~10–25% less truck+drivers are needed when switching trailers during reloading is allowed.", "keywords": [ "Column generation", "Heuristics", "Vehicle routing problem", "Truck", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Operations research", "Computer science", "Crew scheduling", "Reservation", "Mathematical optimization", "Trailer", "Interdependence" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/308690" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4313185763", "doi": "10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.086", "title": "Dynamical Analysis of (r, Q) Inventory Policy in Multi-Modal Distribution Systems with Uncertain Goods Delivery Time", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Przemysław Ignaciuk" ], "first_author": "Przemysław Ignaciuk", "venue": "IFAC-PapersOnLine", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "As a result of recent pandemic restrictions, logistic systems undergo severe disruptions in the provision of requested goods. To leverage the delivery uncertainty, diverse channels may be used, leading to multi-modal distribution systems. In the paper, the (r, Q) inventory policy is formally investigated as a tool to control the resupply process of a remote depot that answers market demand, whose parameters are not known a priori and may arbitrarily change in time. The goods are shipped via multiple channels with diverse properties concerning lot size and transportation delay uncertainty, e.g., trucks, or a train line. A dynamic model of the supplier-depot interaction is constructed and used to evaluate the policy properties in a robust control framework. It is explicitly shown how to select the policy parameters to obtain full demand realization, thus eliminating backorders, irrespective of the pattern of delay and demand fluctuations. It is also discussed how to assign the warehouse space at the depot so that emergency storage will not be required even though deliveries from a few periods may arrive simultaneously, or out of order.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Leverage (statistics)", "Operations research", "Modal", "Computer science", "Inventory control", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.086" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W654319696", "doi": null, "title": "NEW UNDERGROUND FREIGHT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS. IN: EXPERT MEETING AND SYMPOSIUM ON THE SEMINAR ON FUTURE ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND INFRASTRUCTURES IN URBAN AREAS, JUNE 4-6, 1991, CHIBA, JAPAN", "year": 1991, "publication_date": "1991-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Masaki Koshi", "E Taniguchi", "Takahiro Kono" ], "first_author": "Masaki Koshi", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper proposes a new underground freight transport system. The system was studied for coping with traffic problems in large cities like Tokyo. Recently some problems with freight transport in Japan have been: (1) severe congestion in urban roads, (2) environmental problems especially caused by large trucks, (3) shortage of truck drivers and increase of their average age, (4) energy problems, and (5) shortage of land for terminal facilities. After analyzing the characteristics of freight transport in Tokyo, it was found that goods of smaller weight increased and the frequency of their transport also increased. A proposed new underground freight transport system for Tokyo has an underground network of about 300 km in length with about 150 depots.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Economic shortage", "Transport engineering", "Transport system", "Traffic congestion", "Traffic management", "Civil engineering", "Engineering", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/363836" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4401455998", "doi": "10.1155/2024/1203246", "title": "Two‐Echelon Pickup and Delivery Problem Using Public Transport in City Logistics", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shuai Wang", "Xiaoning Zhu", "Pan Shang", "Wenqian Liu", "Lin Wei Xiao", "Lóránt Antal Tavasszy" ], "first_author": "Shuai Wang", "venue": "Journal of Advanced Transportation", "publisher": "Hindawi Publishing Corporation", "abstract": "The rapid increase in e‐commerce and the emergence of combined passenger/freight systems in urban areas have raised the question of how best to integrate public transport services into door‐to‐door deliveries. This paper develops a variant of the pickup and delivery problem, called the two‐echelon pickup and delivery problem using public transport (2E‐PDP‐PT). In the 2E‐PDP‐PT, the transportation network is split into two echelons. Different vehicles are utilized across the first and second echelons to ensure distribution efficiency. Parcels are delivered by public transport with free capacity or via trucks between satellites in the first echelon, and logistics vehicles are operated in the second echelon. The satellites are located at the echelon borders to transfer commodities between echelons. The 2E‐PDP‐PT aims to minimize total delivery costs and improve public transport capacity utilization. We formulate a new mathematical model based on a space‐time network and adopt an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm for the 2E‐PDP‐PT. The effectiveness of the ALNS algorithm is validated using newly generated small‐scale instances. Furthermore, we investigate large‐scale instances based on the Beijing Yizhuang transportation network. The computations show that an average total delivery cost savings of 4.5% is feasible. In addition, we analyze the impact of demand distributions and compare the ALNS algorithm and the LNS algorithm. Finally, we conclude that dynamically integrating public transport into freight transport services can benefit both logistics companies and public transport operators.", "keywords": [ "Pickup", "City logistics", "Public transport", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Business", "Engineering", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/2024/1203246" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W775209513", "doi": "10.1007/978-1-349-19833-7_11", "title": "Transport and communications", "year": 1989, "publication_date": "1989-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "T.W. Price" ], "first_author": "T.W. Price", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Fortrex plc is a large public company which produces lifting equipment, including fork-lift trucks. It has customers all over the UK and is developing a large overseas market, especially in Africa, India and the Far East, Fortrex’s main factory is in Swindon, Wiltshire, but it also has other offices and depots in Leeds and London. The company uses all available means of transport both to obtain materials for its products and to distribute its finished product. The directors of the company and its managers have to do a good deal of travelling, both in this country and abroad. The particular mode of transport which the company uses will depend upon several factors: Economy — A company like Fortrex knows that costs of transport are added to costs of production and, therefore, they try to keep costs down as much as possible. Cost is an important consideration when choosing a method of transport. Speed — It is often important to transport goods or employees as quickly as possible. Speed can be a key factor in choosing a method of transport, therefore. However, the quickest method may be the most expensive, so the factor of economy must be balanced against the need for speed.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Factory (object-oriented programming)", "Lift (data mining)", "Business", "Product (mathematics)", "Public transport", "Engineering", "Mode of transport", "Fork (system call)", "Commerce", "Telecommunications", "Transport engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19833-7_11" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7169836029", "doi": "10.4314/jasem.v30i7.33", "title": "Evaluation of Gum Content in Automotive Gas Oil Collected from Various Oil Depots in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "K. S. Ayodele", "O. J. Abayeh", "IP Okoye", "D. I. Nwokediri", "O. B. Chukwu", "O. M. Onyema", "R.U. Duru" ], "first_author": "K. S. Ayodele", "venue": "Journal of applied science and environmental management", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Gasoil (D2 Diesel) is a medium-distillate, standard, and high-energy-density petroleum product, commonly used for high-speed industrial engines, trucks, buses and marine applications. It is the second distillate from crude oil, often used for power generation and heavy machinery due to its reliability and relatively low sulfur content. The presence of gum in D2 diesel is an indication of improper refining process and may lead to the blockage of fuel lines in diesel engines. Consequently, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the gum content in D2 Diesel (Gasoil) collected from various oil depots in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. The UV-Vis analysis of the AGO samples had a maximum absorption at 395 nm. A linear calibration graph (y = 0.323x + 0.0644) was also achieved for gum concentration analysis. The estimated gum concentrations of 4.75 g/100 mL and 1.00 g/100 mL were determined for the analyzed samples, which were in good agreement with the ASTM D381 standards (4.52 g/100 mL and 1.05 g/100 mL) with deviations of less than 7%. The data clearly indicate that UV-Vis spectrophotometry is a precise and fast technique for estimating gum concentration in diesel fuel.", "keywords": [ "Diesel fuel", "Fuel oil", "Refining (metallurgy)", "Petroleum", "Distillation", "Petroleum product", "Oil refinery", "Port (circuit theory)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/download/329575/309914" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2465352653", "doi": null, "title": "Complexity and worst-case analysis of some network and routing problems", "year": 1990, "publication_date": "1990-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chung‐Lun Li" ], "first_author": "Chung‐Lun Li", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The problem of finding disjoint paths in a network arises in routing non-interfering messages through communication networks. In this document, we first consider the problem of finding disjoint paths between two given points in a network such that some objective function is minimized. This includes minimizing the length of the longest path and minimizing the sum of the cost of the paths. The disjoint path problem with non-uniform cost structure is also considered.\r\nWe next discuss two problems which are related to the disjoint path problem, namely, the point-to-point delivery and point-to-point connection problems. A point-to-point delivery network is a network containing terminal vertices and distribution centers. All traffic originates at and is destined for terminal vertices, while distribution centers are vertices for intermediate transshipment. The objective is to use trucks to ship one item of a single good from each source vertex, and to have one item reach each destination vertex, so as to minimize the total transportation cost, subject to a constraint on truck capacity. The point-to-point connection problem is to find a minimum cost arc subset containing paths connecting each source-destination pair. This connection problem is closely related to the point-to-point delivery problem with large truck capacities.\r\nThe capacitated vehicle routing problem is a basic model in vehicle routing. In this problem, a set of customers has to be served by a fleet of identical vehicles each of which has a limited capacity and is initially located at a given depot. A well known heuristic for the single-depot capacitated vehicle routing problem is the tour partitioning heuristic which is based on partitioning a traveling salesman tour through all the customers. In this dissertation, we generalize the tour partitioning heuristic to the multi-depot case. We also discuss the vehicle routing problem with constraints on the total distance traveled by each vehicle.\r\nThe approach we use to analyze these problems is a combinatorial approach, which includes computational complexity analysis and worst-case analysis.", "keywords": [ "Disjoint sets", "Vertex (graph theory)", "Computer science", "Path (computing)", "Mathematical optimization", "Shortest path problem", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Point (geometry)", "Point-to-point", "Truck", "Constraint (computer-aided design)", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=918188" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4210363482", "doi": "10.1016/b978-008044654-7/50185-0", "title": "IEC 61131-3 based implementation of PN supervisors", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Francesco Basile", "Pasquale Chiacchio", "Domenico Teta" ], "first_author": "Francesco Basile", "venue": "Elsevier eBooks", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Disjoint sets", "Partition (number theory)", "Truck", "Graph", "Computer science", "Combinatorics", "Set (abstract data type)", "Mathematics", "Engineering", "Programming language" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044654-7/50185-0" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4389063782", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4645274", "title": "Nth-Plant Scenario for Blended Pellets of Miscanthus, Switchgrass, and Corn Stover Using Multi-Modal Transportation: Biorefineries and Depots in the Contiguous U.S", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Tasmin Hossain", "Daniela Jones", "Edward Godfrey", "Daniel E. Saloni", "Mahmoud A. Sharara", "Damon S. Hartley" ], "first_author": "Tasmin Hossain", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Miscanthus", "Corn stover", "Stover", "Bioenergy", "Pellets", "Environmental science", "Agronomy", "Modal", "Pulp and paper industry", "Biofuel", "Waste management", "Chemistry" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4645274" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2044585922", "doi": "10.3182/20060517-3-fr-2903.00168", "title": "A LOCATION-DISTRICTING HEURISTIC FOR ARC ROUTING PROBLEMS", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Luc Muyldermans" ], "first_author": "Luc Muyldermans", "venue": "IFAC Proceedings Volumes", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Partition (number theory)", "Disjoint sets", "Heuristic", "Combinatorics", "Graph", "Truck", "Arc routing", "Mathematical optimization", "Set (abstract data type)", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3182/20060517-3-fr-2903.00168" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3123623417", "doi": "10.1115/lemp2020-8510", "title": "A Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Approach Considering Workload Balancing for Vehicle Assignment and Routing Problem", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-09-03", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Takuma Kawashima", "Tatsuhiko SAKAGUCHI", "Naoki Uchiyama" ], "first_author": "Takuma Kawashima", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract In recent years, due to the globalization of the market and the expansion of e-commerce, logistics optimization attracts keen interest from manufacturing companies and service providers. The service area expands wider and the number of customers increases rapidly, thus logistics service providers need to determine the customer assignments and the routes for their trucks considering not only the efficiency of logistics but also the balance of workload for each truck. Therefore, in this study, we propose a customer assignment and vehicle routing algorithm based on the saving method and the simulated annealing. The algorithm first determines the customer assignment and initial route for each truck based on the saving method to balance the workload consisting of the number of customers, the demand of the customers, and distance. Then the initial route is improved by applying the simulated annealing. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted computational experiments. In experiments, we solved the waste collection vehicle routing problem in a Japanese city where the wastes generated from over 1000 customers are collected by 10 trucks starting from 1 depot. We evaluated the total cost consisting of the number of waste collecting points, the amount of waste, and the distance for this case study.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Workload", "Simulated annealing", "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Operations research", "Heuristic", "Supply chain", "Transport engineering", "Computer network", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8510" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2201016852", "doi": "10.5348/c01-2015-1-ra-1", "title": "The challenge of solid waste collection in precarious settlements in São Paulo, Brazil", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-07-10", "type": "paratext", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Polzer, Veronica", "Justi Pisani, Maria Augusta" ], "first_author": "Polzer, Veronica", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This article aims to analyze the problems and possible solutions to the implementation of a basic sanitation infrastructure, especially the solid waste collection in poor class occupations in the city of São Paulo. The manner in which the urban accesses are structured in the Favela of Heliopolis, with dimensions and configuration insufficient, do not allow access to motorized vehicles, leading to unconventional solutions in legally urbanized areas of the city. The collection of the waste is adapted to existing conditions. Local workers collect waste door to door and transfer the material to a large container accessible to trucks. The method used for this study considers the literature survey, obtaining primary data from the Municipality of São Paulo and field surveys. The results provide technical and practical information that will help other needy communities with the processes of implementation of a solid waste management plan, covering the activities of collecting recyclables, organic waste, sorting and proper disposal of materials for reusing, recycling, composting and recovering energy. The recommendation of this study is that only the refuse should be destined to final disposal of landfills.", "keywords": [ "Municipal solid waste", "Human settlement", "Geography", "Informal settlements", "Archaeology", "Waste management", "Engineering", "Economic growth", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": true, "open_access_url": "http://www.edoriumjournals.com/ej/wm/archive/2015-archive/100001W01VP2015-polzer/100001W01VP2015-polzer.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4387194589", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4587355", "title": "A Novel Solid Waste Instance Creation for an Optimized Capacitated Vehicle Routing Model Using Discrete Smell Agent Optimization Algorithm", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ahmed salawuddeen", "Olusesi Ayobami Meadows", "Muhammed Bashir Mu’azu", "Basira Yahaya" ], "first_author": "Ahmed salawuddeen", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Mathematical optimization", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Routing algorithm", "Optimization algorithm", "Algorithm", "Mathematics", "Embedded system" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4587355" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2022716901", "doi": "10.9744/jti.13.1.11-18", "title": "Penentuan Rute Pengiriman Pupuk Urea Bersubsidi di Karanganyar", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-06-11", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yusuf Priyandari", "Yuniaristanto Yuniaristanto", "Yahuda Patria Christiawan" ], "first_author": "Yusuf Priyandari", "venue": "Jurnal Teknik Industri", "publisher": "Petra Christian University", "abstract": "This paper develops a vehicle routing problem (VRP) model for determining the routes in urea fertilizer distribution from a depot to retailers. The distribution is done in work days which uses trucks, each truck can serve more than one route (multiple trips), and each retailer has a time window. The vehicle routing model is built in a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and the objective function is minimizing total transportation cost. The distances from the distributor to retailers and inter-retailers do not use Euclidian approach but the road network on a digital map in order to make the route solution is more realistic. Historical distribution data was used to test the model. The result shows that the model can minimize the cost about 2.28% which is compared to the original routes.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Truck", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Integer programming", "Mathematical optimization", "Linear programming", "Mathematics", "Computer network", "Automotive engineering", "Algorithm", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.9744/jti.13.1.11-18" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7166877544", "doi": "10.3390/en19133123", "title": "Energy-Efficient Thermal Management of a Fuel-Cell Heavy-Duty Truck via Nonlinear Model Predictive Control", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Tarik Hadzovic", "Changying Mei", "Maximilian Bayerlein", "Niklas Kisseler", "Julius Hausmann", "Heiner Hans Heimes", "Achim Kampker" ], "first_author": "Tarik Hadzovic", "venue": "Energies", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "A methodology for the development of nonlinear model predictive control for thermal management of a 40-ton fuel-cell heavy-duty truck is presented, using the medium-temperature cooling circuit as a case study. The approach integrates control-oriented modeling, parameter estimation, and experimental validation based on drivetrain test bench measurements under controlled high-temperature ambient conditions. A lumped-parameter model of the medium-temperature circuit, including coolant, oil, electric motors, and power-electronics auxiliaries, is derived and implemented in a Simulink environment, with heat-transfer parameters calibrated from test bench data and radiator air-side resistance and fan characteristics derived from CFD simulations and manufacturer specifications, respectively. Model parameters are identified using a systematic estimation procedure and the resulting model is validated against long-duration roller test measurements, achieving coefficients of determination above R2 = 0.9 and normalized RMSE values below 10% for all key temperatures. The validated model is then used as the prediction model in a model predictive controller that manipulates radiator fan and coolant-pump speeds, while treating component heat losses, vehicle speed and ambient temperature as measured disturbances. The controller is evaluated in a model-in-the-loop environment for representative long-haul and urban driving cycles and different ambient temperatures, and its performance is benchmarked against conventional rule-based and PI-based control strategies. Depending on the driving cycle and ambient conditions, the proposed NMPC reduces cooling system energy consumption by up to 39.6% compared to a PI controller (VECTO Urban Delivery cycle, 35 °C ambient), with an average reduction of 16.6% across all investigated driving cycles and ambient conditions, without a significant increase in average or maximum coolant temperature. The proposed methodology provides a transferable workflow for developing predictive thermal management control in fuel-cell heavy-duty vehicles and other complex automotive cooling systems.", "keywords": [ "Radiator (engine cooling)", "Test bench", "Driving cycle", "Truck", "Model predictive control", "Controller (irrigation)", "Drivetrain", "Coolant", "Control theory (sociology)", "Nonlinear system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/en19133123" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171487771", "doi": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128517", "title": "TPIC: A temporal–spatial price-driven integrated coordination framework for routing, loading, and (dis)charging of electric freight trucks", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ximu Liu", "Yujian Ye", "Xi Zhang", "Goran Štrbac" ], "first_author": "Ximu Liu", "venue": "Applied Energy", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Bilevel optimization", "Market clearing", "Electricity", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Truck", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Grid", "Linearization", "Energy storage", "Electricity market" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128517" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1002839923", "doi": null, "title": "ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT AND E-COMMERCE LOGISTICS", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Elvira Nica" ], "first_author": "Elvira Nica", "venue": "Economics Management and Financial Markets", "publisher": null, "abstract": "ABSTRACT. The current study extends past research by elucidating sustainability as part of the improvement of firms' business schemes, the economic effect on environmental management decision, and logistics as a main challenge for e-commerce players. This research makes conceptual and methodological contributions to the environmental conduct of transport and logistics companies, sustainable performance in logistics, and socio-economic obstacles to sustainable transport.JEL codes: L81; Q56Keywords: sustainable transport; e-commerce logistics; environmental managementReceived 10 May 2014 * Received in revised form 14 October 2014Accepted 24 November 2014 * Available online 10 March 20151. IntroductionInternational business to consumer (B2C) e-commerce transactions have boosted lately, compelled by an increasing online community and modifications in customer conduct. The growth of physical retail capacity (StefanescuMihaila, 2015) may maintain swiftly together with a powerful growth in espending. Impressive expansion potential of e-retail will bring about substantial transformations (Popescu, 2014a) in retail logistics and physical delivery arrangements. Regarding the nature of the logistics base in numerous developing countries (Drumea, 2011), the transport base is better organized around and between the main cities, whereas outside of them the quality of the current depot constructions is rather poor (the physical merchandizing market is somewhat immature too). In developed countries, e-commerce is the newest significant determinant of change (Ionescu, 2014a) in selling logistics and physical delivery arrangements. In multi-channel merchandizing consumer interacts with retail merchant via separately handled routes, whereas in omnichannel merchandizing the routes are handled in a wholly unified manner to supply a coherent shopper experience. (JLL, 2013)2. The Environmental Behavior of Transport and Logistics CompaniesE-commerce has altered the purchasing customs and generated groundbreaking challenges for logistics suppliers, e.g. more significant quantities but smaller orders to be collected, parceled, arranged, and distributed, and more relevant volumes of returns, exchanges, and destroyed products. The conventional shop will be one of the numerous commercial routes accessible to retail firms, on an equivalent basis with stores, online shopping websites, and social and mobile websites. For less relevant retail merchants, e-commerce provides a straightforward manner to approach the international marketplace (Drumea, 2012a), and even concurrently via numerous routes. Environmental influence and traffic crowdedness, associated with the rising importance of e-commerce and home distribution, determines the necessity of having logistics strategies adjusted to the particular demands of urban zones. (DHL, 2014) The products delivered by China's logistics companies are being transported on a quickly enlarging distribution network. High fees can stimulate delivery firms to encumber their trucks and infringe security measures. The substantial financing of delivery infrastructure has left nearly every area of the country attainable by motorway and nearly all of it by rail. The less-advanced central and western areas are eventually proceeding to be connected by trustworthy delivery channels to the east border. Distribution firms undergo decreased cost-effectiveness and an incapacity to advance their significant functioning expenditures to the customer. Road delivery is extremely competitive, having been entirely open to all kinds of firm. As more businesses migrate toward the interior of the country seeking less expensive labor and land, a requirement is effective delivery connections to east and southern coastal regions. With rises to China's delivery infrastructure set up, officials are seeking to fortify the operational setting. Numerous global delivery and logistics firms concentrate on identifying and assisting shoppers choosing to pay a surcharge for quality and dependability of their services. …", "keywords": [ "Omnichannel", "Business", "Sustainability", "Supply chain", "Marketing", "Quality (philosophy)", "Customer base", "Industrial organization", "E-commerce", "Sustainable growth rate", "Environmental economics", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 16, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.ceeol.com/content-files/document-273894.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4386157309", "doi": "10.36501/0197-9191/23-014", "title": "Analysis of Drone-based Last-mile Delivery Systems under Aerial Congestion: A Continuum Approximation Approach", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-08-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ruifeng She", "Yanfeng Ouyang" ], "first_author": "Ruifeng She", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper presents a systematic analysis and design framework for a spectrum of last-mile delivery systems that leverage unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Four distinct modes are considered: (1) direct drone deliveries from a fixed depot; (2) drone deliveries from parked trucks that carry bulk parcels to customer neighborhoods; (3) drone deliveries from nonstopping trucks that tour customer neighborhoods; and (4) as a benchmark, traditional truck-based home deliveries. We present a new continuum-approximation approach that is used for analysis of both truck routing and aerial-UAV traffic. We compared the operational cost and efficiency of different delivery schemes to reveal how a certain scheme is the most efficient under various scenarios. We demonstrate the applicability of our model on expansive real-world roadway networks and further conduct analysis on grid networks, yielding key analytical insights. The drone-based delivery is demonstrated to be superior to conventional truck-only delivery, suggesting a significant potential for socioeconomic benefit. It is observed that when servicing a relatively low demand over a small area, dispatching drones directly from the distribution facility is the most efficient method. As the demand grows or spans a wider area, collaborative strategies are preferred, as they better cope with certain aspects, such as the long line-haul cost or the ramping aerial congestion, by striking a balance between efficiency and flexibility.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Last mile (transportation)", "Computer science", "Transport engineering", "Grid", "Operations research", "Computer network", "Mile", "Engineering", "Geography", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-014" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4289655580", "doi": "10.1109/itaic54216.2022.9836883", "title": "No-wait Drone Scheduling Traveling Salesman Problem Based on HAPGA", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-06-17", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Meng Cai", "Hongyan Qian" ], "first_author": "Meng Cai", "venue": "2022 IEEE 10th Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference (ITAIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we study the No-wait Drone Scheduling Traveling Salesman Problem (NW-DSTSP) based on Hybrid Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization-Genetic Algorithm (HAPGA). It is supposed that a truck sets out from a depot with some drones, and they need to arrive at several clustered customer locations. The NW-DSTSP seeks for a dynamic route of the truck and drones where all customer needs are met with minimal makespan (or operating costs). We construct a three-step solution to formulate NW-DSTSP as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and propose the HAPGA to obtain solutions for small and medium-sized instances. The model is compared with the K-means clustering and TSP models, while HAPGA is compared with PSO and GA. The results show that the model and algorithm we proposed are more effective.", "keywords": [ "Travelling salesman problem", "Drone", "Mathematical optimization", "Job shop scheduling", "Particle swarm optimization", "Computer science", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Cluster analysis", "Truck", "Genetic algorithm", "Vehicle routing problem", "Routing (electronic design automation)" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/itaic54216.2022.9836883" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2362529765", "doi": null, "title": "Interactively solving the vehicle routing problem for petroleum delivery", "year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Daoli Zhu" ], "first_author": "Daoli Zhu", "venue": "Journal of systems engineering", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": "This paper describes a vehicle routing problem for petroleum delivery with multi-depot,multi-warehouse,multi-commodity,multi-compartment,multi-type vehicle,precedence relations and time windows,which makes decision on tanker truck dispatching,loading and routing.And a two-phase heuristic algorithm with interactively solving is given.In the algorithm the field of local search,the current solution and the penalty function can be modified manually,and the resulted solution will be further improved by using the algorithm.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Truck", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Heuristic", "Mathematical optimization", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Mathematics", "Artificial intelligence", "Computer network", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-XTGC200906016.htm" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7134198103", "doi": "10.1016/j.cstp.2026.101776", "title": "Optimizing rural logistics: A bi-layer heuristic for the truck-drone location-routing problem with multiple drone stations", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-07", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Lirong Wu", "Hang Zhang", "Hang Zhang", "Zehao Wang", "Yuankai Zhang", "Suile Wang" ], "first_author": "Lirong Wu", "venue": "Case Studies on Transport Policy", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Heuristic", "Solver", "Truck", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Heuristics", "Ant colony optimization algorithms", "Genetic algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2026.101776" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4400012093", "doi": "10.56940/sc.v4.i2.8", "title": "ANALYSIS OF COST AND TIME EFFICIENCY IN CONTAINER DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN CONTAINER TRUCK AND FREIGHT TRAIN FROM INDUSTRIAL AREA TO PORT", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-06-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Universitas Indonesia", "Indah Imayanti", "Sutanto Soehodho", "Nahry Yusuf" ], "first_author": "Universitas Indonesia", "venue": "Smart City", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Jakarta International Container Terminal (JICT) in Tanjung Priok Port , which serves export and import containers, can serve up to 5500 TEUs daily. However, no more than 1% of the total containers are transported by freight trains, meaning that 99% of container distribution from industrial areas is carried by trailer trucks. This condition causes a long queue at the container terminal entrance, resulting in delays in the services as well. Currently, Tanjung Priok Port is connected to rail transportation from Cikarang dry port with the frequency of twice a day with 30 flatcars (FC) for each trip. The capacity of one series of freight trains from Cikarang dry port to Tanjung Priok Port can reach 30 Feus or 60 Teus. However, the container distribution using freight trains is still less optimal because of the double handling at the JICT emplacement which is located outside JICT and the use of trailer trucks to move the containers from the area to JICT. The cost of transporting export and import containers always increases year by year because of the slow transportation due to inefficiency of the container depot location in Tanjung Priok area. In this research, the method used to determine the efficiency of container transportation is divided into three scenarios. The first scenario is when the container is fully transported by truck from the industrial area. The second scenario is when the container is transported by train and handled twice while entering JICT. Finally, the third scenario is when the JICT emplacement is located inside the JICT area, changing the business process of containers coming in and out, needing no stacking in the JICT container yard, relocating the container depot placement, consolidating containers, and automating equipment at JICT to reduce the cost and time of containers for export and import. After analyzing the costs and time of the three scenarios, it was found that the third scenario could reduce travel costs and shorten container time when exporting and importing. The 3rd scenario can reduce the cost by almost 50% from the 1st and 2nd scenarios due to container consolidation.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Truck", "Port (circuit theory)", "Trailer", "Train", "Transport engineering", "Inefficiency", "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Rail freight transport", "Containerization", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.56940/sc.v4.i2.8" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3210391738", "doi": null, "title": "Factors Influencing Supply of Petroleum Products in Kenya: a Case of Kenya Pipeline Company Eldoret Depot, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Peter Ndegwa" ], "first_author": "Peter Ndegwa", "venue": "University of Nairobi Research Archive (University of Nairobi)", "publisher": "University of Nairobi", "abstract": "Petroleum products are typically in high demand in most economies around the globe with countries such as South Sudan, Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda rely on Kenya for petroleum products. Management of petroleum products has diverse effects on the supply chain. The research sort to establish the influence of storage capacity on the supply of petroleum; determine the influence of pipeline infrastructure on the supply of petroleum; establish the influence of regulations on the supply of petroleum products by Kenya Pipeline Company and to determine the role of quality control in the supply of petroleum products by Kenya Pipeline Company. The study used descriptive statistics to analyze obtained data. The study had a target population of 98 respondents which resulted in a sample size of 91 respondents by use of Yamane (1967). Data was collected by use of questionnaires which were tested and found reliable. Collected data was analyzed by use of SPSS and results presented inform of tables, frequencies, and percentages. From the findings of the study, storage capacity was found to be an issue that affected the supply of different petroleum products resulting to low throughput and increased lead time, infrastructure at the depot was found to be inadequate in meeting the supply-demand of different petroleum products needed by consumers. Regulations adopted by KPC Eldoret depot meet the consumer requirements and set standards but due to lack of enforcement have led to low standards in petroleum products handling. The quality of petroleum products availed at the depot meets the set quality standards but due to ignorance, quality at times is compromised leading to adulterated petroleum products being availed to consumers. The study concluded that, with increased storage capacity, lead time will be reduced hence increasing throughput, with an improved pipeline infrastructure, efficiency and effectiveness will be addressed leading to increased throughput and turnaround time, regulations adopted by KPC Eldoret depot were found to be effective which enhanced management of petroleum products but more enforcement was important. The researcher recommends that storage and loading capacity to be increased, reduce beauracratic structures in truck clearance and improvement on quality control measures to ensure quality products are supplied to consumers thus ensuring proper supply of petroleum products", "keywords": [ "Depot", "Petroleum", "Pipeline (software)", "Engineering", "Geography", "Geology", "Archaeology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11295/101746" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2012302483", "doi": "10.5394/kinpr.2011.35.6.523", "title": "A Study on Concealed Damage through Car-Ferry International Multimodal Transport between Korea and Japan", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-08-31", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sang-Kab Park", "Jung-Ho Kim" ], "first_author": "Sang-Kab Park", "venue": "Journal of Navigation and Port Research", "publisher": "Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research", "abstract": "급속한 세계화와 블록경제체제는 한 일간의 교역을 크게 확대시켜 취급품목도 경공업분야로부터 중공업분야까지 다양하게 증대되었다. 이러한 국제교역의 확대는 원활한 운송시스템을 필요하게 되었고, 특히 한 일간 기계류나 호화 요트와 같은 특수화물에 대한 운송수요로 카-훼리 국제복합운송체제가 발전하게 되었다. 카-훼리 국제복합운송은 \"문전에서 문전까지\"라는 하주의 욕구를 충족시켜 주지만 그로 인해 불명손해의 클레임을 야기시킨다. 본 논문의 목적은 한 일간 카-훼리 국제복합운송에 따른 불명손해의 원인과 문제점을 규명하여 합리적인 책임배분에 의한 대응방안을 모색해 한 일간 카-훼리 국제복합운송의 지속적인 발전을 도모함에 있다. The recent increase in international car-ferry lines between Korea and Japan as well as China brings needs for proper transportations of special cargo, such as machinery and luxury yacht, etc. International multimodal transport, especially international car ferry through truck-sea-truck system enables to fulfill shippers' needs for \"Door to Door Service\", of such special goods. However, this international multimodal transport of bulk cargo will cause a possible claim for concealed damages during such transportation. For this reason, this study aims to examine the liability system of the multimodal transport operator as well as to investigate liability for concealed damages theoretically and finally to seek proper measures for them. Futhermore, this paper intends to verify the claims for concealed damages to further the international multimodal transport by car ferries between Korea and Japan.", "keywords": [ "Multimodal transport", "Damages", "Truck", "Liability", "China", "Service (business)", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Business", "Automotive engineering", "Law", "Finance" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201129362563274.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3138878204", "doi": null, "title": "Optimization of Regional Empty Container Supply Chains to Support Future Investment Decisions for Developing Inland Container Terminals", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Satpal Singh Wadhwa" ], "first_author": "Satpal Singh Wadhwa", "venue": "NDSU Repository (North Dakota State University)", "publisher": "North Dakota State University", "abstract": "Containerized grain shipping has been increasingly used as a shipment option by U.S. exporters. Continued evolution and investment decisions in optimizing multimodal operations is a key in continued growth for the container transportation alternative. Agriculture is a leading sector in the Midwest economy. Grain production is particularly important to the natural resource-based economy of the upper Midwest. These increasing volumes of grain are being shipped in containers because containers offer opportunities to lower logistics costs and to broaden marketing options. Exporters are put at a competitive disadvantage when they are unable to obtain containers at a reasonable cost. Consequently exporters incur large costs to acquire these empty containers which are repositioned empty, from ports and intermodal hubs. When the import and export customers are located inland, empty repositioning generates excessive unproductive empty miles. To mitigate this shortage of empty containers and avoid excessive empty vehicle miles, this research proposes to strategically establish inland depots in regions with sufficiently high agriculture trade volumes. Mathematical models are formulated to evaluate the proposed system to determine the optimal number and location of inland depots in region under varying demand conditions. An agent-based model simulates the complex regional empty container supply chain based on rational individual decisions. The model provides insight into the role of establishing new depot facilities, have on reducing the empty repositioning miles while increasing the grain exports in the region. Model parameters are used to simulate the impact of train frequency and velocity, truck and rail drayage, demand changes at elevators and depot capacity. For the proposed system, stakeholders will be able to quantify the economic impacts of discrete factors like adjustments of the rail and truck rates and impacts of elevator storage capacity. The initial model is limited to a single state (MN) and export market. It could be enhanced to present a flexible logistical scenario assessment tool which is of great help to make investment decisions for improving the efficiency of multimodal transportation. The model can be applied similarly to other commodities and/or be used to analyze the potential for new intermodal points.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Business", "Supply chain", "Investment (military)", "Operations management", "Industrial organization", "Commerce", "Economics", "Engineering", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31730" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3107012103", "doi": "10.12955/peb.v1.23", "title": "OPTIMIZATION OF LOGISTICS PROCESS IN CONTEXT OF SMART LOGISTICS BY USING COMPUTER SIMULATION – CASE STUDY", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-11-16", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Patrik Grznár", "Milan Gregor", "Štefan Mozol", "Marek Schickerle", "Vladimír Vavrík", "Lucia Mozolová" ], "first_author": "Patrik Grznár", "venue": "Proceedings of CBU in Economics and Business", "publisher": null, "abstract": "In the conditions of shipment processing it is important to observe the timetable of dispatch in which the entire processing process is going on. Each element of the processing system is important and it is linked with others by time. This means that the delay of one element causes an avalanche effect. The use of computer simulation helps in optimizing processing processes as a whole. This helps to detect regularities and bottlenecks that have been previously overlooked. The concept of Smart Logistics as part of the Smart Factory using simulation as a tool to estimate the future behaviour of the system. The article describes its own system for determining the number of staff to perform the required activities within the processing process. On the basis of the actual number of shipments, the arrival times and the processing system data, a solution can be described using a simulation tool to determine the number of workers. The simulation helps us to design the number of workers so that they observe the times of truck departures from the processing depot. This guarantees compliance with the timetable at minimum labour costs.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Process (computing)", "Context (archaeology)", "Truck", "Data processing", "Factory (object-oriented programming)", "Industrial engineering", "Operations research", "Real-time computing", "Engineering", "Database", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ojs.cbuic.cz/index.php/peb/article/download/23/255" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4409647292", "doi": "10.24028/gj.v47i2.322465", "title": "Assessment of pollutants emissions into the atmosphere due to the fire at the Kalynivka oil depotcaused by a missile strike in March 2022", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-07", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Svitlana Boychenko", "Victor I. Karamushka", "Іe. Khlobystov" ], "first_author": "Svitlana Boychenko", "venue": "Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The study assessed the scale of atmospheric pollution as a result of the fire at the Ka-lynivka oil depot in March 2022 due to missile shelling, which led to the burning of 6124.6 tons of gasoline and diesel fuel. Using an approved method, the volumes of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere due to the fire were calculated, namely: CO2 (14.3 tons), particulate matter PM2.5, PM10 and soot (27.4 tons), NOₓ (5.8 tons), SO2 (0.05 ton) and also H2O (6.5 tons), etc. Burning truck tires additionally caused emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metalcompounds, and other toxic substances. Extinguishing the fire using fluorinated foam (AFFF, AFFF AR) caused additional emissions of fluorinated surfactants. The fire extinguishing area was about 1.4 hectares, and the volume of foam used was 12—15 thousand liters. The discharged substances pose serious risks to ecosystems, including toxicity, climate impacts, and threats to human health.", "keywords": [ "Missile", "Atmosphere (unit)", "Environmental science", "Pollutant", "Aeronautics", "Engineering", "Meteorology", "Aerospace engineering", "Forensic engineering", "Geography", "Chemistry" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v47i2.322465" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4402156264", "doi": "10.1109/icc51166.2024.10622718", "title": "Near-Optimal Battery Swapping Algorithm in Dockless Electric Bike Sharing Systems", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-06-09", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chun-An Yang", "Shih-Chieh Chen", "Yi-Hsuan Peng", "Yuwen Chen", "Jian-Jhih Kuo", "Ming-Jer Tsai" ], "first_author": "Chun-An Yang", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Dockless electric bike (E-bike) sharing has become a new urban modality of green transportation to offer convenient services. Typically, the service provider arranges a truck starting from the depot to visit multiple parking locations to replace low-energy batteries. However, visiting many parking locations may cause a considerable tour cost. One efficient way is to aggregate low-energy E-bikes together. Some incentive mechanisms are thus adopted to encourage E-bike users to move their bikes to suitable parking locations, but leading to an incentive cost. The service provider would like to balance the tour cost of the truck and the incentive cost of E-bike users. To address this problem, the paper formulates an optimization problem and then proposes an approximation algorithm. The simulation results with the real dataset show that our algorithm outperforms the other baselines.", "keywords": [ "Bike sharing", "Computer science", "Battery (electricity)", "Algorithm", "Algorithm design", "Engineering", "Transport engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc51166.2024.10622718" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4388895620", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4617827", "title": "Recipient-Dependent Last-Mile Delivery Routing with Autonomous Vehicle Applications", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Bahar D. Viniche", "Mehdi Nourinejad", "Opher Baron", "Oded Berman" ], "first_author": "Bahar D. Viniche", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Last mile (transportation)", "Mile", "Vehicle routing problem", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Business", "Computer network", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4617827" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4393973238", "doi": "10.1109/fists60717.2024.10485532", "title": "Using Autonomous Modular Vehicle Technology as an Alternative for Last-Mile Delivery", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-02-26", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Amir Shafiee", "Hanieh Rastegar Moghaddam", "Jane Lin" ], "first_author": "Amir Shafiee", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "With the rise of e-commerce, there is an increasing demand for efficient and timely delivery of goods. The emerging Autonomous Modular Vehicle Technology (AMVT) may provide a promising solution to achieving greater efficiency and agility in last-mile delivery. In this system, vehicles can be coupled together to form a train, optimizing operational costs by creating pods and traversing links as a train. This connection will decrease fuel consumption and also reduce the number of cars in a city, thereby decreasing congestion. These vehicles, or “pods,” will be dispatched to different zones and stations within specific time windows. Upon arrival, customers will be notified to pick up their packages. However, the efficiency of this technology and its benefits for last-mile delivery are not yet clear. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness and operational cost of the proposed system for package delivery. Additionally, the study aims to explore features that contribute to the cost reduction of this system in comparison to the current scenarios. A mixed-integer programming model is formulated to optimize pod use and determine optimal routes and schedules. Results show that using this system will add some waiting time to the system to allow a pod train to travel. However, it will decrease the overall operation cost of the system compared to classical depot-based methods where trucks deliver packages. Moreover, these cost savings are more significant in areas with higher demand variations and overall demand. Implementing this innovative approach can help delivery companies cut transportation costs while maintaining delivery times and service levels, promoting environmental sustainability to meet the demands of the growing e-commerce industry.", "keywords": [ "Last mile (transportation)", "Mile", "Modular design", "Computer science", "Embedded system", "Operating system" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/fists60717.2024.10485532" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4281650927", "doi": "10.31979/mti.2022.1952", "title": "Assessing Public Health Benefits of Replacing Freight Trucks with Cargo Cycles in Last Leg Delivery Trips in Urban Centers", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-06-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jennifer C. Hartle", "Ossama A. Elrahman", "Cara Wang", "Daniel A. Rodrı́guez", "Yue Ding", "Matt McGahan" ], "first_author": "Jennifer C. Hartle", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Increased urbanization, population growth, and demand for time-sensitive deliveries means increased freight movement in cities, which contributes to emissions, noise, and safety concerns. One innovative mode gaining widespread attention for urban deliveries is cargo cycles—bicycles adapted for freight delivery. Despite the recognized potential and possible success of transporting at least 25% of freight via cycle, research remains limited. This research investigates the potential of cargo cycle delivery for last mile freight in Oakland, California, with a focus on the West Oakland neighborhood. The data collection included interviews, focus groups, vehicle field observation and counts, and traffic simulation modeling. The traffic simulation examined scenarios where businesses converted different percentages of current deliveries to cargo cycles using a transfer hub as the starting point for their cargo cycle delivery. The best-case scenario—where the maximum percentage of deliveries were made with cargo cycle instead of motorized vehicles—resulted in reductions of 2600 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per day. In that case scenario, the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction is equivalent to a reduction in emissions of PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and reactive organic gas (ROG) of taking about 1000 Class 4 box trucks off the roads of West Oakland per day. In the worst-case scenario, with a significantly smaller percentage of motorized package deliveries converted to cargo cycles, there is a reduction of 160 VMT, equivalent to the removal of approximately 80 Class 4 box trucks off the roads of West Oakland per day. This potential reduction in air pollution and traffic congestion, as well as job creation, would benefit West Oakland residents.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Transport engineering", "TRIPS architecture", "Environmental science", "Public transport", "Population", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Environmental health" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1394&context=mti_publications" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2587113251", "doi": "10.5614/jts.2016.23.3.6", "title": "Penerapan Konsep Vehicle Routing Problem dalam Kasus Pengangkutan Sampah di Perkotaan", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-12-01", "type": "paratext", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Harun Al Rasyid Lubis", "Andrean Maulana", "Russ Bona Frazila" ], "first_author": "Harun Al Rasyid Lubis", "venue": "Jurnal Teknik Sipil", "publisher": "Jurusan Teknik Sipil Universitas Syiah Kuala", "abstract": "Abstrak. Kota-kota di negara berkembang masih mengoperasikan pengangkutan dan pengelolaan sampah secara tradisional di sisi jalan dan atau titik transfer di mana sampah dikumpulkan secara berkala oleh truk khusus, yang akhirnya akan dibawa ke tempat pembuangan akhir. Masalahnya semakin memburuk karena beberapa kota mengalami penurunan pelayanan angkutan sampah karena pengelolaan sistem yang tidak tepat, kapasitas fiskal untuk berinvestasi dalam armada kendaraan yang memadai dan juga karena tidak terkendali lokasi tempat pembuangan. Dalam makalah ini pengangkutan dan pengelolaan sampah dirumuskan berdasarkan Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Time Window Multiple Depo Intermediete Facility (CVRPTWMDIF). Setiap kendaraan ditugaskan untuk mengunjungi beberapa Tempat Pemrosesan Sementara (TPS), hingga truk penuh atau kapasitas angkut tercapai, kemudian sampah diangkut ke Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA). Akhirnya semua truk kembali ke depot menjelang akhir operasi setiap harinya. Awalnya solusi CVRPTWMDIF diperiksa pada permasalahan sederhana sebelum diperiksa ke dalam pengangkutan sampah yang nyata. Solusi yang ditemukan menggunakan CVRPTWMDIFdibandingkan dengan praktek angkutan sampah di Kota Bandung, ditemukan bahwa dengan jam operasi dan jumlah armada angkut yang sama CVRPTWMDIF dapat mengurangi volume sampah yang tak terangkut hampir setengahnya pada akhir operasi harian.Abstract. Cities in developing countries still operate a traditional waste transport and handling where rubbish were collected at regular intervals by specialized trucks from curb-side collection or transfer point prior to transport them to a final dump site. The problem are worsening as some cities experience exhausted waste collection services because the system is inadequately managed, fiscal capacity to invest in adequate vehicle fleets is lacking and also due to uncontrolled dumpsites location. In this paper problem of waste collection and handling is formulated based on Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Time Window Multiple Depo Intermediete Facility (CVRPTWMDIF). Each vehicle was assigned to visit several intermediate transfer points, until the truck loading or volume capacity reached then waste are transported to final landfill or dump site. Finally all trucks will return to a depot at the end of daily operation. Initially the solution of CVRPTWMDIF problem was tested on a simple hypothetical waste handling before being implemented into a real case problem. Solutions found using CVRPTWMDIF compared with the practice of waste transport and handling in the city of Bandung. Based on a common hours of operation and the same number of transport fleets, it was found that CVRPTWMDIF can reduce the volume of waste that is not transported by almost half by the end of the daily operations.", "keywords": [ "Physics", "Humanities", "Art" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": true, "open_access_url": "http://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jts/article/download/3584/1823" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3016406833", "doi": "10.1063/5.0000654", "title": "Modeling the best route and truck capacity for delivering ice cream product: Vehicle routing problem approach and estimating expected interruption cost approach", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Heryanti Ika Puspitasari", "Aries Susanty", "Singgih Saptadi" ], "first_author": "Heryanti Ika Puspitasari", "venue": "AIP conference proceedings", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "abstract": "Currently, the order processing of the studied company involves uploading the ice cream product into the truck and distributing it to various depots and stores after collected the orders. There were two problems faced by the studied company. The first problem is the distribution of products by drivers based on feelings and experience, so that the intended distance is not sequentially based on the closest and farthest. the second problem is the difference in truck capacity with delivery request for each depot, so it must be done twice at the time specified by each depot. The remaining product that cannot be delivered in regular hours, will be sent by overtime or will be postponed for the next day. Hence, based on this condition, the aims of this study is to find the optimal combination of the number of trucks related with their capacity and also to find a set of delivery regions and routes that satisfying some requirements or constraints and giving minimal total cost. as ice cream is a unique product that requires temperature -17 c, in order to minimize the transportation cost, this study prefer to find the optimal combination of the number of trucks rather than minimize the travel distance. Frequent opening of a truck door will cause sudden temperature increases, so the number of delivery locations for each truck cannot exceed three to prevent the products from melting. This study uses two approaches to resolve issues regarding delivery routes and truck capacity. This research uses a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) approach to consider the distribution scenario where a truck with specific capacity depart from the company, upload the ice cream products, and deliver them to a specific depot and store. This research also uses sensitivity analysis to see the impact of possible route failures on variable decisions, estimated costs and route reliability. Last, the research will use The Estimating Expected Interruption Cost (ECOST) method to estimate disruption cost that occurs in the distribution system. This study uses primary and secondary data collected from companies, namely the time required for distribution activities, distance and route from the company to various depots and stores, the number of depots and stores, the number of requests in each depot and store, the number of trucks needed for distribution needs and the number of employees involved in distribution activities. The results of this study are to get the best route from completing the mathematical formulation programming then a wide distribution will provide the best delivery from the company to various depots and stores that are carried out using trucks with a certain capacity, so that minimum costs are obtained.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Vehicle routing problem", "Product (mathematics)", "Upload", "Order (exchange)", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Transport engineering", "Total cost", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000654" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4399608235", "doi": "10.1061/9780784485521.004", "title": "Vehicle Miles Traveled and Environmental Impacts from On-Demand Delivery: A Literature Review", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-06-13", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Haishan Liu", "Hao Peng", "Shams Tanvir", "Anurag Pande", "Matthew Barth" ], "first_author": "Haishan Liu", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The boom of e-commerce and the increasing demand for fast and reliable delivery services have led to the thriving of on-demand delivery (ODD), which provides delivery services to food takeout, grocery, pharmacy, and other light-weighted goods. The operational efficiency of ODD is subject to many factors—access to curbside, delays at the pick-up and drop-off locations, order dispatching mode, vehicle routing schedule, and vehicle refueling needs. The fast-growing delivery orders coupled with operational inefficiencies of ODD may lead to higher vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and pollutant emissions. Policymakers as well as practitioners need to evaluate the VMT and emissions impact of ODD, given the consumer behavior, operational paradigm, and business models. This paper conducted a systematic review of the existing literature to synthesize and summarize the impacts of ODD with a specific focus on VMT and emissions. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guideline was employed to systematically search for related studies in multiple databases and to crystallize the review scope. The impact evaluation was delved into three aspects: customer shopping behavior (online shopping vs. in-store shopping), ODD operational strategy (truck/van vs. green vehicles, professional delivery vs. crowdsourcing), and business models (home delivery vs. depot/collection point). Overall, this study found that online shopping with coordinated ODD can achieve significant VMT and emissions reduction compared with in-store shopping. The reduction extent depends on the customer trip chaining, travel mode choice, residential area type, and the ratio of product return. The use of zero-emissions vehicles in ODD, such as electric van/truck/vehicle, cargo-bike, UAV, provides relatively higher emissions reductions, but also brings new issues such as charging needs or capacity limits. Collection points (e.g., parcel locker, retailer store, postal service point) can reduce the VMT and emissions if they are optimally distributed, and customers visit them in zero-emissions modes or through trip chaining.", "keywords": [ "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784485521.004" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3012333250", "doi": "10.1093/scan/soz169", "title": "Withdrawn as Duplicate: Competing for Jurisdiction: Practical Legitimation and the Persistence of Informal Recycling in Urban India", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-02-05", "type": "retraction", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Dana Kornberg" ], "first_author": "Dana Kornberg", "venue": "Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience", "publisher": "University of Oxford", "abstract": "How did informal garbage collectors, who had long provided the only door-to-door and recycling services in Delhi, manage to survive the introduction of formal garbage collection trucks? This question raises the larger problem of informal institutions-well-organized and socially recognized, but legally unauthorized and unregulated platforms for political and economic organization-have proven so persistent. I draw on evidence collected during 20 months of ethnographic research in Delhi, focusing on participant observation with informal collectors during their neighborhood routes and interviews with 50 informal collectors. Bringing together political and urban sociology, postcolonial urban studies, and institutional theory, the paper frames competition over city garbage and recycling as a relational matter. I argue that informal workers preserved their jurisdiction through practical legitimation, depending on everyday actions and social expectations rather than explicit laws or beliefs to secure legitimacy. I demonstrate how status-based relations, here based on caste and labor migration, can confer legitimacy and provide a source of regulation, as actors set out and meet implicit expectations for appropriate actions, relationships, and social boundaries.", "keywords": [ "Legitimacy", "Legitimation", "Garbage", "Ethnography", "Jurisdiction", "Caste", "Informal sector", "Politics", "Sociology", "Dowry", "Participant observation", "Fieldnotes" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": true, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/soz169" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4393494830", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.8428084", "title": "Container Logistics Object-centric Event Log", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-08-28", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Benedikt Knopp", "Nina Graves" ], "first_author": "Benedikt Knopp", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "General Description Our company sells goods overseas. After receiving an order, the shipment of goods is scheduled. According to this schedule, the goods are picked up from the local production site and brought to a terminal where a logistics service provider receives and ships them. This is an artificial event log according to the OCEL 2.0 Standard simulated using CPN-Tools. Both the CPN and the SQLite can be downloaded. Process Overview From a customer order perspective, the process begins when the order is registered at our company (register customer order). After registration, a transport document is created in which details of the further process are recorded (create transport document). Using this information, the logistics service provider is contacted to coordinate the transport of the ordered goods to the seaport. Twice a week, that provider sends a vehicle to a terminal, with a limited capacity for containers of ordered goods to be transported from the terminal to a seaport. For our company, available capacties vary from vehicle to vehicle, as we are not the only company booking spots. Once the logistics service provider receives our transport documents, they book capacities according to availability and container prioritizations in the upcoming weeks (book vehicles). Once the dates for transporting the goods to the terminal are set, our company contacts a container depot to reserve the required containers (order empty containers). When a container’s vehicle departure approaches, the goods are prepared, packed and shipped to the terminal. For this purpose, a truck is sent to the container depot (pick up empty container). Meanwhile, the ordered goods to be shipped are packed into handling units at the production site. After loading the handling units (load truck), the truck drives the full container to the terminal (drive to terminal). At the terminal, the container is picked up by a free forklift and weighed (weigh). Unless the vehicle departure is imminent, the container is placed in the storage location at the terminal (place in stock). Finally, it is moved to the vehicle (bring to loading bay, load to vehicle) which departs at a fixed time (depart). Despite careful planning, containers sometimes miss a vehicle’s departure. In this case, the container is rescheduled to the next possible vehicle (reschedule container) and kept near the loading ramp until then. Further information can be found at: https://www.ocel-standard.org/beta/event-logs/simulations/logistics/ General Properties An overview of log properties is given below. Property Value Event Types 14 Object Types 7 Events 35761 Objects 14013 Control-Flow Behavior The behavior of the log is described by a respective object-centric Petri net. Also, individual object types exhibit behavior that can be described by simpler Petri nets. See below. Container Transport Documents Customer Order Truck Forklift Vehicle Handling Unit Object Relationships During the process, object-to-object relations can emerge at activity occurrences as follows. Activity Source Object Type Target Object Type Qualifier Create Transport Document Customer Order Transport Document TD for CO Book Vehicle Transport Document Vehicle Regular VH for TD Book Vehicle Transport Document Vehicle High-Prio VH for TD Order Empty Containers Transport Document Container CR for TD Pick Empty Container Truck Container TR loads CR Load Truck Container Handling Unit CR contains HU Reschedule Container Transport Document Vehicle Substitute VH for TD Simulation Model The CPN used to create this event log can also be downloaded.To obtain simulated data, extract the linked ZIP file and play out the CPN therein, e.g., by using CPN Tools. The play-out produces CSV files according to the schema of OCEL2.0. This Python notebook can be used to convert these files to an SQLite dump. For a technical documentation of the simulation model, please open the attached CPN with CPN Tools and see the annotations therein. Acknowledgements Funded under the Excellence Strategy of the Federal Government and the Länder. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC-2023 Internet of Production - 390621612. We also thank the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Stiftung for supporting our research.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Event (particle physics)", "Object (grammar)", "Computer science", "Database", "Artificial intelligence", "Engineering", "Physics" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/8428084" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2801766256", "doi": "10.13031/trans.12631", "title": "Low-Moisture Switchgrass Bulk-Format Logistics Costs Based on Engineering Data", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alvin Ray Womac", "Mitch D. Groothuis", "Kelly H. Tiller", "Sam W. Jackson", "Clay Dye" ], "first_author": "Alvin Ray Womac", "venue": "Transactions of the ASABE", "publisher": "American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers", "abstract": "Abstract. Logistics costs that spanned harvest, transport, storage, preprocessing, and year-round delivery of 371,870 dMg year-1 of milled, low-moisture switchgrass (SG) to a local biorefinery were determined for bulk-format versus round-bale systems. Separate spreadsheet analyses were conducted for three diesel fuel prices ($0.53 L-1, $0.92 L-1, and $1.32 L-1) because of the wide range of fuel prices during the project. A detailed analysis scenario identified a common harvest period, equipment annual use, other equipment uses, and protected SG storage on gravel pad, along with equipment performances based on previously published tests primarily for commercially available equipment. The bulk-format system used a depot equipped with stacker/reclaimer technology for storage, whereas the round-bale system used field-side bale stacks for storage, with both systems assuming 6% losses, primarily attributed to storage. Results indicated total costs for bulk-format versus round-bale systems of $54.63 per dry Mg (dMg-1), $60.41 dMg-1, and $66.21 dMg-1 versus $54.59 dMg-1, $62.10 dMg-1, and $67.93 dMg-1 corresponding with diesel fuel costs of $0.53 L-1, $0.92 L-1, and $1.32 L-1, respectively. The most significant bulk-format system total cost of $22.79 dMg-1 was associated with a stacker/reclaimer, conveyance, and dust collection at the depot, which was 42% of total costs at a diesel fuel cost of $0.53 L-1. For the round-bale system, bale chopping total costs was highest and represented an average of 27% of total costs, with costs ranging from $14.63 dMg-1 to $19.08 dMg-1 for diesel fuel input costs ranging from $0.53 L-1 to $1.32 L-1, respectively. For comparison, the forage harvester provided harvesting and chopping in the bulk-format system at total costs ranging from $6.47 dMg-1 to $8.80 dMg-1 across the same range of diesel fuel input cost. The forage harvester provided an economic advantage in size reduction compared to tub grinding. Truck hauling for both the bulk-format and round-bale systems represented significant expenses at all selected fuel costs. In addition, the multiple times that round bales were handled represented accumulating costs that were sensitive to diesel fuel costs. Keywords: Bales, Bioenergy, Bulk format, Densification, Field chop, Logistics, Transportation.", "keywords": [ "Diesel fuel", "Environmental science", "Moisture", "Total cost", "Waste management", "Agricultural science", "Engineering", "Chemistry", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12631" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2510397255", "doi": "10.17265/2328-2142/2013.12.002", "title": "Analysis of Vehicle Modification Practice in Bangladesh", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-12-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sakib Mahmud Khan", "Md. Shamsul Hoque" ], "first_author": "Sakib Mahmud Khan", "venue": "Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering", "publisher": "David Publishing Company", "abstract": "With the present vehicle growth over 10%, many vehicles are found to operate within urban areas and national highways of Bangladesh without having necessary registration and fitness papers. Uncontrolled vehicle modification practice has become a serious concern particularly for large vehicles, which leads the vehicle owners not to properly adhere to the vehicle fitness rules. The primary objective of this research is to reveal the extent of vehicle modification of different categories of vehicle. In this regard, field survey is conducted in major bus terminals and truck depots of Dhaka city to find out the issues related to rampant vehicle modification. Later statistical analysis is performed to obtain the most observed vehicle dimensions followed by local body workers. Finally, detailed questionnaire survey is performed on vehicle owners as well as the body makers as an attempt to reveal the poor quality of work performed by unskilled local workers. This paper would describe the findings of this research work along with appropriate remedial measures to control the unsafe modification of vehicles. Language: en", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Aeronautics", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2142/2013.12.002" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3157633633", "doi": "10.7922/g29z9363", "title": "The Sustainability of Alternative Last-Mile Delivery Strategies", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Miguel Jaller" ], "first_author": "Miguel Jaller", "venue": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "publisher": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "abstract": "In the last decade, e-commerce has grown substantially and transformed individual shopping behaviors. Most shopping activities—at least part of the search, if not the purchase itself—now involve an online component. This has consequently changed commodity flow and urban goods distribution. E-commerce has the potential to reduce the negative impacts of shopping on the environment by substituting individual shopping trips to stores using personal cars with optimized truck deliveries. However, shopping behavior is often more complex than this one-to-one substitution.Additionally, e-retailers entice consumers with free shipping, free returns, same-day, one-hour or two-hour expedited deliveries, and more in a quest for increased market share. These enhanced services result in additional distances driven, emissions, and operational costs for the e-retailer. The increasing customer expectations around lead time, delivery time, and return policy present a need for more sustainable delivery options, particularly for the “last mile” between the distribution center and the customer. Last-mile operators are considering alternatives to traditional diesel truck-based, door-to-door delivery such as use of alternative fuel (e.g., electric) vehicles, delivery from micro-hubs using cargo bikes, customer pickup at collection points, and crowdsourced deliveries. Researchers at the University of California, Davis developed models for e-commerce demand, last-mile delivery operations, and cost and sustainability assessment, then applied this modeling framework to a case study in Southern California to evaluate the potential impact of these strategies under different delivery scenarios. This policy brief summarizes findings from that research, along with policy implications.View the NCST Project Webpage", "keywords": [ "Last mile (transportation)", "Truck", "Sustainability", "Business", "TRIPS architecture", "Mile", "Food delivery", "Commodity", "Environmental economics", "Marketing", "Transport engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.7922/g29z9363" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4385326707", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4516185", "title": "The Use of Electric Cargo Bike and Cycle for Sustainable Last Mile Delivery: Optimization and Evaluation", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "B Lee", "So Rim Han", "Byung Duk Song" ], "first_author": "B Lee", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Mile", "Last mile (transportation)", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Engineering", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4516185" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4412906287", "doi": "10.3390/jmse13081424", "title": "From Efficiency to Safety: A Simulation-Based Framework for Evaluating Empty-Container Terminal Layouts", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-07-26", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Cristóbal Vera-Carrasco", "Cristian D. Palma", "Sebastián Muñoz-Herrera" ], "first_author": "Cristóbal Vera-Carrasco", "venue": "Journal of Marine Science and Engineering", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Empty container depot (ECD) design significantly impacts maritime terminal efficiency, yet traditional evaluation approaches assess limited operational factors, constraining comprehensive performance optimization. This study develops an integrated discrete event simulation (DES) framework that simultaneously evaluates lifting equipment utilization, truck turnaround times, and potential collisions to support terminal decision-making. This study combines operational efficiency metrics with safety analytics for non-automated ECDs using Top Lifters and Reach Stackers. Additionally, a regression analysis examines efficiency metrics’ effect on safety risk. A case study at a Chilean multipurpose terminal reveals performance trade-offs between indicators under different operational scenarios, identifying substantial efficiency disparities between dry and refrigerated container operations. An analysis of four distinct collision zones with varying historical risk profiles showed the gate area had the highest potential collisions and a strong regression correlation with efficiency metrics. Similar models showed a poor fit in other conflict zones, evidencing the necessity for dedicated safety indicators complementing traditional measures. This integrated approach quantifies interdependencies between safety and efficiency metrics, helping terminal managers optimize layouts, expose traditional metric limitations, and reduce safety risks in space-constrained maritime terminals.", "keywords": [ "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Container (type theory)", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Computer network", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/8/1424/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W174758484", "doi": null, "title": "Priority Scale of Waste Management Policies that Support Environmental Hygiene in City of Ternate", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Anthonius F. Raffel", "Arief Rachmansyah", "Soemarno Soemarno", "Veronica A. Kumurur" ], "first_author": "Anthonius F. Raffel", "venue": "International Journal of Ecosystem", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This study aims to analyze the city's garbage into complex problems in Ternate. One factor is the increasing population, economic activity and business as well as the dynamics of community life. Ternate has a problem concerning waste management ineffective. Every year the government allocates funds to Ternate huge waste problem. Department of Hygiene as a leading institution in the control of waste management in the city of Ternate is not going well. This has resulted in waste management in the city of Ternate is not operating effectively. These results explain that the hierarchical structure level I shows the results that the purpose of the planning waste managenent is operational waste management got the greatest score 0.866. Level II shows the hierarchical structure of the result that both of planning instruments, namely: lug system, temporary shelter systems and transport systems of the greatest scored 0,781. The third hierarchy is an indicator of the planning objectives. Indicators of Group II, consisting of (i). Dustbin/Plastic Trash and Garbage containers, (ii). Garbage Depots-based and Regional Function-based and (iii). Garbage Trucks and Carts / Garbage bike also scored highest 0.714. The fourth hierarchical structure, namely the formulation of public policy to explain that the first level is the Regulatory Policy and Institutional Waste Management with a score that is 0.453. The second level is the Policy and Mechanism of Solid Waste Management System with the highest score of 0.792. The third level of policy is a policy that optimizes Incentives and Public Participation with a score of 0.655. This means that a policy model that supports the management of municipal solid waste in the town of Ternate that can create a clean and healthy is a Waste Management System and Mechanism of the greatest score of 0.792.", "keywords": [ "Garbage", "Garbage collection", "Government (linguistics)", "Business", "Incentive", "Municipal solid waste", "Operations management", "Management system", "Population", "Truck", "Public policy", "Environmental planning" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ije.20150501.02.html" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2272776240", "doi": "10.4271/2001-01-2062", "title": "The Detroit Diesel DELTA Engine - Recent Technological Achievements", "year": 2001, "publication_date": "2001-05-14", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nabil S. Hakim", "Brian F. Bolton" ], "first_author": "Nabil S. Hakim", "venue": "SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) DELTA engine has been specifically designed for the North American market. The advanced engine technologies being pursued for this engine enables its applications to the light truck/SUV vehicles for personal transportation as well as for the light commercial use, such as urban delivery vans. This paper reports on the progress attained so far in engine development. The next stage is currently under way resulting in Generation 1.0 DELTA engine technology. The results of various technology assessments on Generation 0.X hardware are reported. Further, the Generation 1.0 design and its potential will be briefly presented. It is concluded that the DELTA engine technology, including breakthrough advancements, is viable for practical applications to meet future light-duty and heavy-duty emissions with potentially attractive commercial features.", "keywords": [ "Delta", "Diesel engine", "Automotive engineering", "Diesel fuel", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Aerospace engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-2062" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2968343056", "doi": null, "title": "Introduction of drones in the last-mile logistic process of medical product delivery: A feasibility assessment applied to the case study of Benu 't Slag", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Irene Zubin" ], "first_author": "Irene Zubin", "venue": "Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)", "publisher": "Delft University of Technology", "abstract": "The term last-mile delivery refers to the final leg of a business-to-customer service, in which a product is shipped from a depot to a final destination point by means of land transportation, such as vans and small trucks. Although they provide a common and easy way to consign products, companies are striving for new transport technologies to reduce congestion problems, infrastructure limitations and air pollution. Recently, a valid alternative to road-bounded vehicles that is has gained attention is the adoption of drones in the delivery fleet. Drone applications range from military training, surveillance, path recognition and shipment of perishable products in emergency situations. Research on drones as delivery vehicles is still on its early stages, with some practical trials carried out by leader companies such as Google and Amazon. However, the application of drones in the pharmaceutical sector, and specifically for home deliveries of medical products, has not been investigated yet. To gain new insights into the feasibility of introducing drones in the delivery fleet composition, drone applications were studied for the delivery operations of the pharmacy BENU t Slag, in Rotterdam. Two scenario alternatives were tested using the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) formulation and a Large- scale Neighbourhood Search (LNS) algorithm was implemented to estimate the performance indicators associated with each scenario. Performances were then analysed through a comparative analysis. Conclusively, indicators were found to improve the delivery performance when drones are included in the fleet composition, with gains in environmental aspects, service time and delivery costs. Results provide important information for further research on the implications of using drones in the pharmaceutical sector. Moreover, results are also useful for BENU t Slag, providing a valid feasibility assessment of using drones for their home delivery operations.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Service (business)", "Last mile (transportation)", "Product (mathematics)", "Operations research", "Business", "Computer science", "Operations management", "Engineering", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0db692ce-5685-4499-bf84-d570544de795" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413011402", "doi": "10.1016/j.tre.2025.104318", "title": "Efficient active–passive vehicle coordination in multimodal transportation networks", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-06", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Peter J. Eder", "Simon Ramoser", "Sarah Braun", "Stefan Weltge" ], "first_author": "Peter J. Eder", "venue": "Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "This work examines a complex routing problem involving passive, modular vehicle containers (pods) in conjunction with mobile platforms like trains, trucks, and boats. These are deployed as part of a door-to-door, demand-responsive transportation service designed to fulfill customer requests. The novel approach aims to optimize customer satisfaction while minimizing operator costs, offering significant improvements over traditional public transport systems. The main challenge lies in the need to synchronize active and passive vehicles, creating strong interdependencies between individual routes. To tackle this, we present a mixed-integer linear program and solve the problem using an adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic. Since a real-life scenario requires rapid solutions, a clustering approach is introduced to speed up the heuristic. We validate the efficiency of our method through an extensive numerical study on novel benchmark sets of varying sizes. Furthermore, we generate realistic instances by replicating Munich’s Zone M metro network and demonstrate that, beyond the improved customer comfort enabled by the modular approach, the multimodal Ansatz reduces customer arrival times by approximately 17% and base travel times by 21% compared to a unimodal baseline.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Transport engineering", "Multimodal transport", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2025.104318" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2334857899", "doi": "10.2307/1225366", "title": "From Photoplays to Texts: Film Theory, Film Studies, and the Future", "year": 1985, "publication_date": "1985-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ana M. López" ], "first_author": "Ana M. López", "venue": "Cinema Journal", "publisher": "University of Texas Press", "abstract": "When Vachel Lindsay enthusiastically began to theorize about the nature and possibilities of the cinema, he probably never imagined that would become available in every living room, bedroom, and kitchen, in supermarkets, truck rental outfits, candy stores, and even on screens as small as watch crystals. But in 1915, the ideosyncratic Lindsay had already identified the photoplays of pioneers like D. W. Griffith as allies in his life-long battle for cultural democratization. Lindsay believed that photoplays would quickly become instrumental in our social and cultural development: they would spread the gospel of Beauty, generate national artistic standards, and thus help to unify our very heterogeneous nation. The photoplay itself seemed to him to fulfill the goals of his own artistic activity. He believed that the kind of bardic communication he had tried to accomplish by disseminating his poetry from door to door could be instantaneously achieved by the simultaneous screenings of films across America. Lindsay was a visionary pioneer of studies, though, as even his staunchest supporters admit, he was also undoubtedly a fool. Nevertheless, Lindsay's rudimentary work in theory and his reasons for undertaking this work highlight the kind of inquiry I would like to pursue in this paper. What Lindsay's interest in underscores for me are the motivations behind the theoretical study of film. Why have individuals devoted substantial time and effort to produce and study theory? What can we hope to gain from theory now? What should we hope to gain from it in the future? In other words, what is the point of theoretical discourses?' I hope to present a brief historical survey of the motivational underbelly of classical theory in order to show that although theory has been studied in strikingly diverse ways, the motivations underlying these have been strikingly similar. And film studies can benefit from the appreciation and reaffirmation of these motivations, for they provide the field with one of its most singular characteristics. I should note that I am concerned with neither the objects nor the methods of theory in this presentation. Theoretical explorations of the status of the object of theory and of the methods utilized to describe and explain that object are terribly important. (Is Gone With the Wind the same", "keywords": [ "Art", "Film theory", "Humanities", "Materials science", "Visual arts", "Movie theater" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1225366" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3094224670", "doi": "10.1093/qjmed/hcaa290", "title": "Rapid rise of COVID-19 second wave in Myanmar and implications for the Western Pacific region", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-10-16", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Aye Aye Win" ], "first_author": "Aye Aye Win", "venue": "QJM", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "abstract": "Myanmar reported its first case of COVID-19 on 23 March. Myanmar was late in reporting its first case despite sharing a long and porous border with China. In the first wave, there were only 374 cases and six deaths and the last local transmission was found on 16 July.1 The second wave started on 16 August in Rakhine State, after almost a month without local transmissions. To date, there are a total of 32,351 cases with 14,706 recoveries and765 fatalities.1 Myanmar has seen a dramatic increase in the number of cases in the second wave compared to the first wave. Rakhine State is located on the border with Bangladesh and the state now has more than 2000 new local transmissions. Bangladesh is home to the world’s largest refugee camp and some of the refugees who returned to Myanmar tested positive for the virus.1 Rakhine State also has internally displaced people (IDPs) fleeing from an ongoing conflict and covid-19 has been reported in an IDP camp. The IDP population is growing and they live in very crowded camps. Social distancing is impossible in these camps and IDPs are lacking food and other necessary medical supplies.The United Nations (UN) reported that the recent surge in COVID-19 cases in Rakhine complicates the provision of humanitarian assistance to more than 670 000 vulnerable people.2 The second wave started in Rakhine State but the virus has spread to all the states and regions. From March to May, more than 150 000 migrant workers returned to their home towns and villages.3 The migrant workers are still returning through both official and unofficial border checkpoints. Furthermore, Myanmar citizens from all over the world are returning by relief flights and there is a shortage of quarantine facilities. The government has banned international flights, closed the schools and ordered half of the country’s workforce to work from home. Stay-at-home orders have been issued in cities across the country. Health workers have carried out door-to-door health checks in Yangon, the country’s largest city. Yangon has become a major epicenter in the second wave and deaths have tripled and cases have risen by more than 700%.4 The high positivity rate in Yangon indicates that the virus is widespread in the community. Hospitals are facing overcapacity and health workers from other parts of the country had to be called in to reinforce the health workers in Yangon. Fever clinics and hospitals are using faster, less expensive antigen test kits to test suspected patients. This new strategy is employed to supplement the Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests and to reduce the burden on the laboratories. The laboratories have reached their maximum testing capacities, and they cannot keep up with the surging cases. Truck drivers have been tested with the rapid antigen test kits and health workers, police, volunteers and factory workers also need to be tested weekly. At first, Myanmar had to send the samples to Thailand for testing but now, the government is setting up new laboratories and they have tested 464,557 samples.1 Decades of neglect by the previous military government have left the healthcare system with only 6.7 doctors per 10 000 people and 0.71 intensive care unit beds per 100 000 population and 0.46 ventilators per 100 000 population.5,6 The health personnel are unable to identify the source of infection in many cases. Since Myanmar has one of the lowest testing rates in the region, the government should conduct a nationwide serological survey to estimate the extent of the infection. Starting from 5-year-olds, 1000 randomly selected people from the capital cities of all the states and regions should be tested for antibodies. . Testing the sewage for the coronavirus is another option. Myanmar has been providing cash and food aid to vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, people with disabilities and the elderly. Providing aid is crucial because it can help the people to follow the stay-at-home order. Hospitals should stockpile oxygen tanks, ventilators, dialysis machines, anti-coagulants, and corticosteroids.Simple public health measures such as hand washing, physical distancing and wearing masks, have to be strictly enforced because they can also help suppress influenza in the flu season. A more infectious strain with G614 mutation is found in Myanmar. The country now has the fourth-highest number of cases and the third-highest number of deaths in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ASEAN countries are highly interconnected to each other and the rest of the world through trade and migration. ASEAN countries are divided into the South-East Asia Region (SEARO) and Western Pacific Region (WPRO) by the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO South East Asia Region has the highest rise in new cases while new cases have declined in the Western Pacific Region.7 There are calls to form an ASEAN Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), similar to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).8 ASEAN CDC can collaborate sharing of real-time surveillance data and best practices, eliminating wildlife trade, maintaining supply chains, combating disinformation and vaccine development. The organization can act as the permanent regional body to combat the current and future pandemics. Moreover, ASEAN CDC can enhance inter-regional collaboration between the SEARO and WPRO regions. Myanmar is situated next to India and Bangladesh, countries with very high COVID-19 burdens, and it is a gateway to the Western Pacific Region. In addition, Myanmar, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, the Philippines and Timor Leste are listed as vulnerable because of weak health systems by the UN.9 A full-blown outbreak can quickly overwhelm the country’s healthcare system and it can spread to the Western Pacific countries. Thus, the COVID-19 outbreak in Myanmar can pose a threat to the western pacific region. Conflict of interest. None declared.", "keywords": [ "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)", "2019-20 coronavirus outbreak", "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)", "Geography", "Virology", "Medicine", "Internal medicine", "Outbreak" ], "cited_by_count": 21, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article-pdf/113/12/856/35433815/hcaa290.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4406771448", "doi": "10.47191/jefms/v8-i1-48", "title": "Analysis of Fuel Tank Truck Productivity in Supply Chain Oil and Gas (Case Study: State-Owned Enterprise of Oil and Gas Indonesia)", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-23", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Universitas Presiden, Cikarang, Kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia", "Hally Hanafiah", "Winda Raisa Oktora Intansari", "Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Surabaya, Jawa Timur", "Muhammad Luthfi", "Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Surabaya, Jawa Timur" ], "first_author": "Universitas Presiden, Cikarang, Kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia", "venue": "Journal of Economics Finance and Management Studies", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Fuel oil (BBM) is one of the main needs of Indonesian society. Modes of transportation such as tank cars are needed to be able to distribute fuel from TBBM or depots to distribution institutions for consumption by the public and industrial companies. The strategic role of tank cars in the fuel supply chain is as security of supply, flexibility of supply, and economics of supply. Pertamina uses Third Party Logistics (TPL) services which aim to achieve operational service excellence in the implementation of fuel distribution activities which are influenced by 3 main criteria, namely Men, Machines and Methods. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out to be able to distribute fuel on time and efficiently, there are several initiative strategies, namely Route Efficiency and Cargo Co-loading, increasing safety by regularly checking tank cars, and developing AI (Artificial Intelligence) in projecting or forecasting demand. Apart from that, tank car operations are also influenced by several factors such as the route or travel route, the planning and implementation process, tank car maintenance, the health of the tank car crew, and the technology used in operational activities. The costs required for managing a tank car are tank car rental costs, GPS costs and routine maintenance costs.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Productivity", "Fuel oil", "Fossil fuel", "Business", "Oil supply", "Petroleum engineering", "Supply chain", "Environmental science", "Waste management", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ijefm.co.in/v8i1/Doc/48.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4385063231", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-38145-4_9", "title": "Collaboration Benefits in Port Hinterland Transportation", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nicolas Rückert", "Kathrin Fischer", "Pauline Charlotte Reinecke", "Thomas Wrona" ], "first_author": "Nicolas Rückert", "venue": "Lecture notes in logistics", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Port (circuit theory)", "Supply chain", "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Work (physics)", "Business", "Set (abstract data type)", "Cost reduction", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38145-4_9" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161115521", "doi": "10.1109/icaace69793.2026.11508641", "title": "Two-Stage Optimization of Routing and Charging Scheduling for Electric Garbage Trucks Integrating Time-of-Use Electricity Pricing and Vehicle-to-Grid Mechanism", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-20", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Xinpei Li", "Huimin Ma" ], "first_author": "Xinpei Li", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Electric sanitation vehicles commonly adopt a plug-and-charge strategy after returning to the depot, which leads to high charging costs during peak-price periods and accelerates battery degradation. As a result, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve operational economy and long-term battery health. To address this issue, this paper proposes a two-stage collaborative optimization framework for electric garbage trucks that integrates vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation. A joint optimization model for vehicle routing and charging/discharging scheduling is developed. In the first stage, an improved adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm is used to optimize vehicle routes and determine route-dependent energy consumption. In the second stage, under a time-of-use (TOU) electricity pricing mechanism, a mixedinteger linear programming (MILP) model is established by incorporating battery degradation costs, with the objective of minimizing the total operating cost. Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce fleet operating costs while effectively mitigating battery capacity degradation. The proposed framework provides a practical solution for the coordinated operation and energy management of electric sanitation fleets.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Electricity", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Electricity pricing", "Mechanism (biology)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Electricity market" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/icaace69793.2026.11508641" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4383604999", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2307.02980", "title": "Constraint Programming models for the parallel drone scheduling vehicle routing problem", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-07-06", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Roberto Montemanni", "Mauro Dell’Amico" ], "first_author": "Roberto Montemanni", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Drones are currently seen as a viable way for improving the distribution of parcels in urban and rural environments, while working in coordination with traditional vehicles like trucks. In this paper we consider the parallel drone scheduling vehicle routing problem, where the service of a set of customers requiring a delivery is split between a fleet of trucks and a fleet of drones. We consider two variations of the problem. In the first one the problem is more theoretical, and the target is the minimization of the time required to complete the service and have all the vehicles back to the depot. In the second variant more realistic constraints involving operating costs, capacity limitation and workload balance, are considered, and the target is to minimize the total operational costs. We propose several constraint programming models to deal with the two problems. An experimental champaign on the instances previously adopted in the literature is presented to validate the new solving methods. The results show that on top of being a viable way to solve problems to optimality, the models can also be used to derive effective heuristic solutions and high-quality lower bounds for the optimal cost, if the execution is interrupted after its natural end.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Vehicle routing problem", "Truck", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Mathematical optimization", "Drone", "Workload", "Constraint programming", "Job shop scheduling", "Operations research", "Heuristic", "Routing (electronic design automation)" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.02980" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W207302978", "doi": null, "title": "Seaport inland access with and without a dry port - A comparison of the two systems from an environmental perspective", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Violeta Roso" ], "first_author": "Violeta Roso", "venue": "Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)", "publisher": "Chalmers University of Technology", "abstract": "This paper evaluates the dry port concept from an environmental perspective using modelling and simulation. The dry port concept is based on a seaport directly connected by rail to inland intermodal terminals, where shippers can leave and/or collect their goods in intermodal loading units as if directly at the seaport. In addition to the transhipment that a conventional inland intermodal terminal provides, services such as storage, consolidation, depot, maintenance of containers, and customs clearance are usually also available at dry ports. The hypothesis behind this study is that a carefully implemented dry port concept can shift freight volumes from road to more energy-efficient and less environmentally harmful rail, reduce road congestion in seaport cities and facilitate improved logistics solutions for shippers in the ports hinterland.A model of a transport system, with and without a dry port, is created and the results of the simulations compared. The benefits of the dry port implementation are defined from an environmental perspective; calculated CO2 emissions are approximately 25% lower with an implemented dry port for the chosen case, while congestion and truck waiting times at the terminal are significantly reduced. The software tool Planimate was used for modelling and simulation in this study.", "keywords": [ "Port (circuit theory)", "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Consolidation (business)", "Engineering", "Environmental science", "Operations research", "Business", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/20520-seaport-inland-access-with-and-without-a-dry-port-a-comparison-of-the-two-systems-from-an-environmen" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7202381052", "doi": "10.1145/3795101.3805443", "title": "Pareto Front-Guided Tree-Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Optimization for Integrated Truck–Drone Delivery and Pickup with Transshipments under Dynamic Constraints", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-13", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Bui Trong Duc", "Nguyen Tien Dang", "Bùi Xuân Sơn", "Tam Nguyen Thi", "Huỳnh Thị Thanh Bình" ], "first_author": "Bui Trong Duc", "venue": "Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The dynamic truck-drone delivery problem poses a significant challenge in modern logistics systems. This paper investigates a dynamic pickup and delivery framework with cooperative truck-drone operations, optional transshipments, and dynamic drone endurance. The objective is to jointly minimize energy consumption, carbon emissions, customer waiting time, and total operational cost. In addition, drone launch and retrieval are fully flexible and can occur at any feasible location, including depots, transshipments, and trucks. To address this problem, we propose a novel Pareto front-guided tree-based multi-objective evolutionary optimization framework. The proposed framework employs a rooted ordered tree encoding to jointly represent truck routes, drone operations, and transshipment decisions, together with an efficient decoding mechanism that generates feasible integrated schedules. A Pareto-front grid decomposition and an external archive are incorporated to balance convergence and diversity during the evolutionary search. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art multi-objective algorithms for dynamic pickup and delivery benchmarks in terms of Hypervolume and Inverted Generational Distance, highlighting the practical benefits of integrating drone and transshipment operations in logistics systems.", "keywords": [ "Pickup", "Pareto principle", "Multi-objective optimization", "Evolutionary algorithm", "Pareto optimal", "Optimization problem" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3795101.3805443" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3133930791", "doi": "10.1093/inthealth/ihab010", "title": "Disrupting vaccine logistics", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-02-10", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Eric R. James" ], "first_author": "Eric R. James", "venue": "International Health", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "abstract": "When the Pfizer–BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine BNT162b2 was first authorized for emergency use in December 2020, it became, after the Ebola virus vaccine Ervebo, only the second human vaccine requiring distribution at between −80°C and −60°C. In the weeks leading up to this authorization, the specification for storage and distribution using ultra-low-temperature freezers and dry ice was being portrayed by the media as a potential ‘logistical nightmare’.1 Adopting this cold chain means a new packaging paradigm: vials stored in freezers are transferred into trays of 195 five-dose vials (six doses if low dead space syringe–needle combinations are used), with up to five trays per carton, packed under 23 kg of dry ice in a ‘thermal shipper’ insulated box. And in a departure from common procedures for distribution, Pfizer organized and controlled the shipping operation, contracting third-party logistics (3PL) companies to transport vaccine to distribution hubs with newly installed ultra-low-temperature freezers and subsequent onward transport directly to the immunization sites. Distribution to clinics has appeared to work reasonably well (organization and coordination of administration at the clinic level has been another story). Concerns over the temperature used for storage and shipping this vaccine appear now to be subsiding. Other coronavirus vaccines are stored and transported at −20°C (e.g., mRNA 1273 from Moderna, the first iteration of the Russian Sputnik V vaccine) or between 2°C and 8°C (most others including the AstraZeneca–Oxford University AZD1222 adenovirus vectored vaccine and JNJ-78436735 from Johnson & Johnson). The conventional assumption, and not just by the media, was that the ease of distributing vaccines is directly related to the temperature of the cold chain: low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) generally do not have networks of ultra-low-temperature freezers. However, Pfizer believes that its cold chain can be extended into LMICs and has pledged to supply 50 million doses to Africa.2 Pfizer's vaccine was the first, and currently still the only, COVID-19 vaccine to receive World Health Organization (WHO) emergency use authorization with distribution through COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access. This will change, as expectations are that the AstraZeneca–Oxford and J&J vaccines may eventually lead the pack for several reasons (cheaper, perhaps single dose, more rapid manufacture), including their 2–8°C cold chain requirement. The 2–8°C cold chain has been the basic industry standard for vaccine storage and transportation and is used for all current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed human vaccines, with the exception of smallpox, chickenpox, shingles and one of the measles, mumps, and rubella II vaccines that are distributed between −25°C and −15°C and Ervebo (for Ebola virus). Immunization programs in LMICs are built around 2–8°C distribution; however, distribution systems at other temperatures can and do operate effectively in these countries. The target populations for most vaccines in LMICs are children served by the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). This 2–8°C distribution is also the common standard for vaccine cold chains in high-income countries and has become the default: any vaccine that does not fit this mould is considered problematic, sometimes irrationally so, thus the initial negative portrayal in the media1 of Pfizer's logistics operation despite a vaccine efficacy of 95%. The WHO stipulates that a ‘vaccine or any component presented for prequalification should not require storage at less than −20°C’.3 Furthermore, if a vaccine must be stored ‘below +2°C during its shelf-life period, it should have a minimum period of storage above +2°C of 6 months’. Ultra-low-temperature (−80°C) and cryogenic (< −150°C) cold chains do not fit into these traditional recommendations for acceptance of new vaccines. Nevertheless, Ervebo upended this stipulation, setting a new precedent and also becoming the fastest vaccine yet to move through the approval and prequalification process. Ervebo is currently the sole licensed (by the FDA, European Medicines Agency, Ghana, Burundi, Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC]), WHO-prequalified human vaccine that is distributed between −80°C and −60°C. Ervebo was initially successfully distributed under compassionate use protocols to aid in containing the Ebola outbreaks in West Africa in 2014–20164 and more recently in the DRC,5 demonstrating that a vaccine with ultra-low temperature requirements can be deployed in LMIC settings when the need is especially critical. The Ervebo cold chain bears little resemblance to a standard 2–8°C cold chain and its creation stimulated significant innovation and the introduction of new equipment: for the first leg, vaccine vials were shipped to the main distribution hubs in insulated boxes with dry ice; from there to satellite stores at −60°C in Arktek shipping units using pre-conditioned phase-change panels to maintain temperature for up to 6 d; and finally the vaccine was thawed, loaded into syringes and 12 syringes sent same day in Cryo-Q cold boxes to the immunization clinics.4 The holy grail for vaccine developers and logisticians is a vaccine that can be stored and transported at ambient temperatures. No licensed vaccine yet meets this standard, although Vivotif, the orally administered vaccine against typhoid fever, formulated as enteric-coated capsules, is probably closest. Several candidate vaccines in early-stage development employ ‘new’ methods of thermostabilization such as spray drying and foam drying6 that may yet yield licensed products stable at ambient temperatures. At the other end of the scale, the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) products Kymriah and Yescarta and the malaria vaccine Sanaria®PfSPZ Vaccine, now entering phase 3 trials, contain cryopreserved live eukaryotic cells that are stabilized by cryopreservation an", "keywords": [ "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 29, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://academic.oup.com/inthealth/article-pdf/13/3/211/37464666/ihab010.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7142667653", "doi": "10.1016/j.tre.2026.104817", "title": "Last-mile delivery with drone resupply at transshipment platforms", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-29", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Juan C. Pina-Pardo", "Matthias Winkenbach" ], "first_author": "Juan C. Pina-Pardo", "venue": "Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Transshipment (information security)", "Drone", "Truck", "Exploit", "TRIPS architecture", "Vehicle routing problem" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2026.104817" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W374966106", "doi": null, "title": "USE OF PERCHES AT REFINERY SITES", "year": 1973, "publication_date": "1973-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "J. J. Dill" ], "first_author": "J. J. Dill", "venue": "Lincoln (University of Nebraska)", "publisher": "University of Nebraska–Lincoln", "abstract": "I was listed to speak about bird control on industrial sites, so I have selected three or four of the more interesting jobs that we have worked on over the past ten years. Naturally the ones that the pest control firms call us about are those that they have tackled from several different angles and been unable to solve. As a result of this, we have had several really interesting bird control jobs in conjunction with pest control firms. I think each one of them will point out different problems and ways to solve them. The first of the jobs is a large trailer manufacturing company in Indiana, and it involves sparrows. The building covered about 20 acres. There was a railroad along one side, and the other whole side was a truck dock. Look- ing at a vertical view of this, you have the dock here and an overhang here, trusses in here, and a continuous bunch of doors -- large doors that more or less were open most of the time. And this was all wood; there was no steel, no tie-rods. The second job I would like to talk about involved a large steel mill in the east. We were called on for help. The mill was about one-third mile long; it was a huge mill, and they had a pigeon population there of approximately 200-300 birds. There were openings and open skylights all along the roof and huge doors on the side where the rail cars went in.", "keywords": [ "Environmental science" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmbirdcontrol/114" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165691447", "doi": "10.1007/s00521-026-12287-6", "title": "Multi-depot Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Processing Facilities (MDCVRP-PF): a comparative study of heuristic and Ant Colony Optimization-based metaheuristics for agricultural logistics", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-23", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Giacinto Angelo Sgarro", "Domenico Santoro", "Francesco Colasanto", "Luca Grilli" ], "first_author": "Giacinto Angelo Sgarro", "venue": "Neural Computing and Applications", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": "Abstract This study addresses a real-world agricultural logistics problem arising from an industrial request: the optimization of the collection and delivery of containers filled with agricultural products (e.g., tomatoes) distributed across known geographic locations to processing facilities, using a fleet of trucks with limited capacity, deployed across multiple depots. The objective is to minimize the total distance traveled by the fleet while ensuring that all containers in the area are collected. The problem is modeled as a variant of the well-known Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), extended to include multiple pickups, initial depots, final delivery points, and binding load-capacity constraints. Three solution approaches were developed: a greedy heuristic algorithm based on field proximity, and two metaheuristic algorithms based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). In the first ACO, routes are influenced by pheromone trails while the collected quantity remains greedy; in the second, the number of containers collected at each location is also optimized. The algorithms were first validated on a toy model to verify correctness and stability. Subsequently, systematic experiments were conducted to calibrate the number of iterations and the number of fleets to simulate, and to determine the optimal hyperparameter configuration for the ACO algorithms. Finally, the three approaches were compared in simulated scenarios and on real-world data provided by the industrial partner. Datasets (including anonymized real-world data) and experimental scripts are made available in open-source format to ensure research reproducibility. The results demonstrate that both ACO-based metaheuristics consistently outperform the greedy heuristic in terms of total distance traveled. While the first ACO achieves superior performance in approximately 50% of the cases and the second in around 20%, with 31% of best solutions identified by both, the first generally ensures more consistent convergence to high-quality outcomes. However, the advanced ACO, by dynamically optimizing the collected quantity, demonstrates decisive advantages in specific scenario configurations, highlighting its role as a flexible complement to the basic approach. These findings highlight the importance of balancing route optimization with adaptive collection decisions and confirm the practical applicability of the proposed methods in real-world agricultural logistics scenarios.", "keywords": [ "Metaheuristic", "Ant colony optimization algorithms", "Vehicle routing problem", "Heuristic", "Truck", "Correctness", "Transshipment (information security)", "Greedy algorithm", "Routing (electronic design automation)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-026-12287-6.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W167405690", "doi": null, "title": "Intermodal Transportation: Current Fast Ship Designs Specify Propulsion Systems that Are about 20 Knots Faster than Ships in the Current Fleet.", "year": 2005, "publication_date": "2005-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Vincent W. Childress" ], "first_author": "Vincent W. Childress", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Introduction Intermodal transportation is the moving of people or cargo using more than one mode of transportation. When a person drives to the airport, stands on a conveyor to move through the terminal, and flies to another city, then he or she is using intermodal transportation. Moving cargo in the first half of the twentieth century was a time-consuming and often inefficient process. This was especially true when it came to loading and offloading ships. Pallets of cargo had to be loaded one at a time using cranes, forklifts, and hand trucks. In 1950, Malcolm McLean revolutionized the shipping industry with the invention of containerization. Containerization is the process of loading odd, difficult-to-handle cargo into a metal container about the size of a semi-tractor trailer. Once loaded, the container itself is hoisted with a specialized crane onto the deck of a ship or into the ship's cargo hold or stowage (Pearson, 2001). McLean was familiar with the shipping industry because he founded McLean Trucking, one of the largest transportation companies in the United States. In order to demonstrate and implement his idea, he sold McLean Trucking, bought a ship, and had it fitted to accommodate containerization. He had to overcome industry resistance. Port operators would have to refit their cranes, and other shippers and warehouse operators would have to refit their equipment. Longshoremen, the people who load and unload the cargo, would lose a significant number of jobs as the handling of cargo became more efficient. Nevertheless, containerization caught on over the years and spawned an intermodal transportation explosion. Shippers, port operators, railroads, airfreight, and truckers retooled in order to accommodate the transport of containers (Pearson, 2001). This modernization has continued into the new century, as ports upgrade their container-handling equipment in order to accommodate increasing tonnages of cargo. The chart below shows just four examples of the amount of cargo imported through American ports. As an example of this growth, consider the Port of Miami. It ranks among the top eight sea ports in the United States and has grown to cover 640 acres over the past century. The port now has ten gantry cranes for loading and unloading containers, and the port has six mobile truck cranes and a whole host of specialized loading vehicles for placing the containers onto trailers for intermodal transport. In 1991, the port handled 3.9 million tons of cargo, and in 2003, more than nine million tons of cargo moved through the port (Miami-Dade, 2000). The Intermodal Process The intermodal process begins at a plant or warehouse that has finished goods ready to transport to market. As at any warehouse, a trailer is backed up to the loading dock. In this case, the trailer is really a shipping container fastened to the frame of a semi-tractor trailer as seen in Figure 2. Once the container/trailer is loaded with cargo, the semi-tractor trailer drives it along the highway. In the United States, the interstate highway system is an important component to many transportation systems. For the purpose of transporting manufactured goods, many companies will try to locate plants in areas that provide easy access to interstate highways. When it comes to shipping cargo by truck, freight companies try to locate terminals near the highway and near railroad depots. [FIGURE 2 OMITTED] There are at least two choices to make as the semi-tractor trailer pulls away from the loading dock. One alternative is to haul the container to a railroad and load it onto a flatcar designed for containers and regular truck trailers. Then the train would either offload at a depot where trucks deliver the containers to the shipping port, or the train may actually travel to the shipping port itself. The other choice is simply driving the container to the shipping port with the truck. …", "keywords": [ "Containerization", "Truck", "Stowage", "Container (type theory)", "Pallet", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Process (computing)", "Port (circuit theory)", "Deck", "Operations research", "Marine engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ711252" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4406746437", "doi": "10.31004/jutin.v8i1.39178", "title": "Analisis transportasi pengangkutan sampah dengan dump truck di PT XYZ pada area Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak dengan metode Dynamic programming", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Angga Rizki Dolla Remba", "Farida Pulansari" ], "first_author": "Angga Rizki Dolla Remba", "venue": "Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi", "publisher": "Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai", "abstract": "The problem of urban waste in Indonesia is a problem that has not been completely solved, it also occurs in the Tanjung Perak Port area. This problem can be overcome by regulating the process of moving and transporting waste based on optimal routes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the waste transportation system in several Depots (TPS) in the Tanjung Perak Port area and compare the transportation cost needs in each waste transportation pattern to find the most optimal route. The stages carried out are to collect data on the distance of the Pool to each Depo/TPS, the distance between TPS, and the distance of each TPS to the Benowo Landfill. The application of the Dynamic programming Algorithm is used to determine the shortest distance, and calculate the minimum operational cost. The results of the study show that the Dynamic programming algorithm can determine the optimal route for the problem of waste transportation routes at each TPS at Tanjung Perak Port with the number of Dump trucks as many as 1 vehicle and the calculation of fuel cost needs per day of Rp.88,413,-.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/jutin/article/download/39178/25863" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2403923175", "doi": null, "title": "Services needed to be offered by HIV counselling and testing (HCT) to counter the factors contributing to the high rate of HIV/AIDS infection among long distance truck drivers", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-03-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nokwazi Tsawe" ], "first_author": "Nokwazi Tsawe", "venue": "SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)", "publisher": "Stellenbosch University", "abstract": "ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The issue of HIV epidemic among Long Distance Truck Drivers (LDTD) has become a concern for the South African transport industry. This study reports on a qualitative study that investigated services needed to be offered by HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) to counter the factors contributing to the high rate of HIV/AIDS infection among long distance truck drivers. Data was collected through focus group discussions. The results revealed the need for HIV intervention programmes to fight the rate of HIV transmission among the long distance truck drivers. It is clear that drivers do have some knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention. However, they do not put the knowledge into practice. Therefore, the study recommends that depots and truck stops wellness centres promote user-friendly approach, and introduce flexible operating hours to ensure accessibility to healthcare services.", "keywords": [ "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)", "Truck", "Medicine", "Over-the-counter", "Virology", "Family medicine", "Engineering", "Nursing", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98821" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2939016205", "doi": null, "title": "Development Of Models And Solution Methods For Different Drayage Applications", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Samaneh Shiri" ], "first_author": "Samaneh Shiri", "venue": "Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina)", "publisher": "University of South Carolina", "abstract": "In the last decades, intermodal freight transport is becoming more attractive in the global supply chains and freight transport policy makings. Intermodal freight transport provides a cost-effective, reliable, and efficient movement of freight by utilizing the strengths of different transport modes. The initial and final segment of intermodal freight transport, performed by truck, is known as “drayage.” The scheduling of truck movements in drayage operation within the service area of an intermodal terminal is an operational problem which leads to a truck scheduling problem that determines the efficient schedule of trucks while satisfying all transportation demands and constraints. Drayage accounts for a large percentage of the origin-destination expenses in the intermodal transport. Efficient planning of the drayage operations to improve the economic performance of this operation can increase the efficiency and attractiveness of intermodal transport. The primary objective of this research is to apply operation research techniques to optimize truck movements in drayage operation. The first study in this dissertation considers the drayage problem with time constraints at marine container terminals imposed by the truck appointment system and time-windows at customer locations. A mathematical model is proposed that solve the empty container allocation problem, vehicle routing problem, and appointment booking problem in an integrated manner. This model is an extension of a multiple traveling salesman problem with time windows (m-TSPTW) which is known to be NP-hard (i.e., non-deterministic polynomial-time hard). To solve this model, a reactive tabu search (RTS) algorithm is developed and its accuracy and computational efficiency are evaluated against an industry-established solver IBM ILOG CPLEX. In comparison with the CPLEX, RTS was able to find optimal or near-optimal solution in significantly shorter time. This integrated approach also allows for more accurate evaluation of the effects of the truck appointment system on the drayage operation. The second study extends the drayage literature by incorporating these features in drayage problem: (1) treating tractor, container, and chassis as separate resources which are provided in different locations, (2) ensuring that container and chassis are of the same size and type, (3) considering the possibility that drayage companies can sub-contract the work to owner-operators, and (4) a heterogeneous mix of drayage vehicles (from company fleet and owner-operators) with different start and end locations is considered; drayage company’s trucks start at company’s depot and should return to one of the company’s depots whereas owner-operators’ trucks should return to the same location from where they originated. A mixed-integer quadratic programming model is developed that solves scheduling of tractors, full containers, empty containers, and chassis jointly. A RTS algorithm combined with an insertion heuristic is developed to tackle the problem. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the developed model and solution methodology. The results show that the developed integrated model is capable of finding the optimal solutions and is solvable within a reasonable time for operational problems. This new model allowed us to assess the effectiveness of different chassis supply models on drayage operation time, the percentage of empty movements and air emissions. The fourth work builds on our previous work and extends the integrated drayage scheduling model to consider uncertainty in the (un)packing operation. Recognizing the inherent difficulty in obtaining an accurate probability distribution, this paper develops two new stochastic drayage scheduling models without explicit assumption about the probability distributions of the (un)packing times. The first model assumes that only the mean and variance of the (un)packing times are available, and the second model assumes that the mean as well as the upper and lower bounds of the (un)packing times are available. To demonstrate the feasibility of the developed models, they are tested on problem instances with real-life characteristics. Future work would address the real-time scheduling of drayage problem. It would assume trucks’ locations, travel times, and customer requests are updated throughout the day. We would propose a solution approach for solving such a complex model. The solution approach would be based on re-optimization of the drayage problem and consist of two phases: (1) initial optimization at the beginning of the day, and (2) re-optimization during operation. The third study of this dissertation addresses the impact of a new trend in the North American intermodal terminals in using second-tier facilities on drayage operation. These facilities are located outside the terminals and are used to store loaded containers, empty containers, and chassis. This work builds on our previous work and extends the integrated drayage scheduling model to incorporate these features into drayage problem: (1) trucks do not have to wait at customers’ locations during the packing and unpacking operations, (2) drayage operations include a drop yard (i.e., second-tier facility) for picking up or/and dropping off loaded containers outside the marine container terminal, and (3) the job requests by customers is extended to include empty container pickup, loaded container pickup, empty container delivery, and loaded container delivery. As the mathematical model is an extension of the m-TSPTW, a RTS combined with an insertion heuristic developed by the authors is used to solve the problems.", "keywords": [ "Environmental science", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/4601" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W808375087", "doi": null, "title": "THE IMPACT OF TRUCK NOISE. MOTOR VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC NOISE; AUSTRALIAN ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY 1985 CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, 24 TO 26 NOVEMBER, 1985, LEURA GARDENS, NSW", "year": 1985, "publication_date": "1985-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "R T Benbow" ], "first_author": "R T Benbow", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The impact of truck noise on the acoustic amenity of residential areas is an environmental issue that remains unsolved in many suburban areas of Sydney. The many aspects associated with the impact of truck noise are illustrated by discussing three sites that depend on the use of trucks. The three examples are:-1. A quarry operating since 1965 and now surrounded by high density residential areas. 2. A major source of concrete construction materials uses a large fleet of semi-trailers to transport these materials throughout metropolitan areas of Sydney. Until recently truck movements were along traffic routes relatively free of residences. 3. The proposed operation of a combined quarry and waste disposal depot has necessitated the prediction of the impact of truck movements. The existing traffic routes to the site do have residential areas along one or both sides of the roadway. The use of the DOE method, the practical difficulties in ameliorating the impact and the noise control options available are discussed. The number of the covering record for the conference is IRRD 283994. (TRRL)", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Metropolitan area", "Noise control", "Amenity", "Transport engineering", "Traffic noise", "Noise (video)", "Noise pollution", "Roadway noise", "Residential area", "Engineering", "Civil engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/281969" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4403399985", "doi": "10.3390/pr12102231", "title": "Modeling and Optimization of the Inland Container Transportation Problem Considering Multi-Size Containers, Fuel Consumption, and Carbon Emissions", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-10-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yujian Song", "Yuting Zhang" ], "first_author": "Yujian Song", "venue": "Processes", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "This paper investigates the inland container transportation problem with a focus on multi-size containers, fuel consumption, and carbon emissions. To reflect a more realistic situation, the depot’s initial inventory of empty containers is also taken into consideration. To linearly model the constraints imposed by the multiple container sizes and the limited number of empty containers, a novel graphical representation is presented for the problem. Based on the graphical representation, a mixed-integer programming model is presented to minimize the total transportation cost, which includes fixed, fuel, and carbon emission costs. To efficiently solve the model, a tailored branch-and-price algorithm is designed, which is enhanced by improvement schemes including a heuristic label-setting algorithm, decremental state-space relaxation, and the introduction of a high-quality upper bound. Results from a series of computational experiments on randomly generated instances demonstrate that (1) the proposed branch-and-price algorithm demonstrates a superior performance compared to the tabu search algorithm and the genetic algorithm; (2) each additional empty container in the depot reduces the total transportation cost by less than 1%, with a diminishing marginal effect; (3) the rational configuration of different types of trucks improves scheduling flexibility and reduces fuel and carbon emission costs as well as the overall transportation cost; and (4) extending customer time windows also contributes to lower the total transportation cost. These findings not only deepen the theoretical understanding of inland container transportation optimization but also provide valuable insights for logistics companies and policymakers to improve efficiency and implement more sustainable operational practices. Additionally, our research paves the way for future investigations into the integration of dynamic factors and emerging technologies in this field.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Fuel efficiency", "Environmental science", "Waste management", "Consumption (sociology)", "Greenhouse gas", "Environmental economics", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Environmental engineering", "Business", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12102231" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2507944881", "doi": null, "title": "Optimization of Resource Allocation Using Queueing Theory", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Håkon Arne Torp Hellum" ], "first_author": "Håkon Arne Torp Hellum", "venue": "BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))", "publisher": "Vilnius University", "abstract": "As the ice in the Arctic region is melting, new areas will open for oil exploration and production. These areas are however remote, with long sailing times from shore. In addition, the\\nmain warehouses of the oil companies are located in the southwestern part of Norway, thus\\nincreasing the transportation distances further. To operate, the offshore installations need a\\nlot of equipment, some of which is absolutely necessary for the operation, so called mission\\ncritical equipment. This type of equipment have been the main focus in this thesis. When\\nthis type of equipment breaks down, or it is no longer needed, it is sent to one of the main\\nwarehouses for maintenance and recalibration. By storing spares of this equipment closer to\\nthe installation, response time when equipment breaks down is reduced.\\nThree possible supply chain scenarios were created. The first scenario is the current scenario,\\nwhere equipment is sent by trucks from one of the main warehouses and to the Hammerfest depot, from where it is shipped to the offshore installations by Platform Supply Vessels\\n(PSVs). The two other scenarios utilize a offshore depot. The depot is assumed to be a converted bulk-carrier. In scenario 2 this depot vessel sails from Hammerfest, while in Scenario\\n3 it sails from one of the main warehouses. For scenario 2, the equipment is transported by\\ntruck to Hammerfest. For a continous operation, it was assumed that two vessels are needed.\\nBy setting an operability constraint the supply chain could be optimized with respect to\\ncosts. Operability is the percentage of time inventory of the equipment is present at the\\ninstallation. Then, by combining the Genetic Algorithm in MATLAB with queueing theory,\\nthis optimization problem was solved. It was created as a closed queueing network, meaning\\nthat a finite population of customers travel inside the network. This was chosen due to the\\nnature of the equipment studied. The steady state probabilities was calculated using Buzen s\\nalgorithm.\\nThree demand cases were studied. The first case was low demand, where demand arises\\ntwice a year. In the medium demand case, demand arises every month. The final case, high\\ndemand, demand arises twice a month. In queueing theory, demand is modelled as arriving\\ncustomers. In a closed queueing network where there are no customers arriving from outside\\nthe system, this arrival rate is equal to the service rate at the offshore installation. By varying\\nthe transportation costs for the system, an offshore depot vessel seemed more viable for the\\nhigh demand case, thus preferring to allocate the inventory closer to the installation.", "keywords": [ "Queueing theory", "Resource allocation", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Mathematical optimization", "Resource (disambiguation)", "Engineering", "Mathematics", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2350760" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2779021028", "doi": "10.11648/j.larp.20170204.13", "title": "Sustainable Urban Freight Distribution: The Case of Piraeus Port-City", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-12-20", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Afroditi Anagnostopoulou", "Μαρία Πούλου" ], "first_author": "Afroditi Anagnostopoulou", "venue": "Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning", "publisher": "Science Publishing Group", "abstract": "In port cities, there are often severe transport and urban freight mobility issues associated with the port operations since ports and their surrounding urban areas are struggling with the ever-increasing flow of trucks, accommodating both through and intra-city cargo movement. This paper aims to present how urban freight distribution measures can support the goals of sustainable development even in cities with limited previous experience in energy efficiency and environmental friendly solutions. The successful case of the Piraeus port-city is presented and findings derived from a survey about urban delivery in the city center are provided. The study describes how efforts from different stakeholders should be coordinated to support urban freight distribution in the context of an action plan that promotes sustainable development in the city. Results from Piraeus case are useful for other comparable port-cities in Europe experiencing a rapid growth in passengers and freight volumes required to be handled, imposing significant negative externalities to the urban area.", "keywords": [ "Port (circuit theory)", "Context (archaeology)", "Externality", "Business", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Sustainable development", "Action plan", "Urban planning", "Environmental planning", "Civil engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://article.larpjournal.org/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20170204.13.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4409017881", "doi": "10.4271/2025-01-8787", "title": "Energy Savings and Range Extension from Aerodynamic Improvements of Emerging Zero-Emission Heavy Vehicle Concepts", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-31", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Brian McAuliffe", "Faegheh Ghorbanishohrat" ], "first_author": "Brian McAuliffe", "venue": "SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility", "publisher": null, "abstract": "An energy-use analysis is presented to examine the potential energy-savings and range-extension benefits of aerodynamic improvements to tractors and trailers used in commercial transportation. The impetus for the study was the observation of aerodynamically-redesigned/optimized tractor shapes of emerging zero-emission commercial vehicles that have the potential for significant drag reduction over conventional aerodynamic tractors. Using wind-tunnel test results, a series of aerodynamic performance models were developed representing a range of tractor and trailer combinations. From modern day-cab and sleeper-cab tractors to aerodynamically-optimized zero-emission cab concepts, paired with standard dry-van trailers or low-drag trailer concepts, the study examines the energy use, and potential savings thereof, from implementing various fleet configurations for different operational duty cycles. An energy-use analysis was implemented to estimate the energy-rate contributions associated with inertial accelerations, grade forces, rolling resistances, and aerodynamic-drag forces for three types of duty cycles: Long Haul, Regional Haul, and Urban Delivery. A duty-cycle-simulation approach was implemented using speed-dependent wind-averaged-drag models, adapted for local wind-speed magnitudes representative of each duty-cycle environment. This method was validated for the long-haul cycle against a constant-speed wind-climate-simulation approach applied to a fleet-transportation network. Results demonstrate that Urban Delivery operations expend a smaller magnitude, and smaller relative proportion, of energy use to overcome aerodynamic drag, but that significant savings are nonetheless possible for these operations with aerodynamic improvements to the trucks. Over the range of tractor- and trailer-aerodynamic improvements examined, the analyses reveal the potential for 4-27% energy-rate savings and 5-37% range extension for the Long Haul cycle, 3-16% energy-rate savings and 3-18% range extension for the Regional Haul cycle, and with 2-9% energy-rate savings and 2-10% range extension estimated for the Urban Delivery Cycle. Although results show significant reductions in energy use associated with emerging zero-emission-tractor shapes, trailer-aerodynamic improvements are shown to have about twice the potential for energy savings and range reduction than do tractor-aerodynamic improvements.", "keywords": [ "Aerodynamics", "Extension (predicate logic)", "Range (aeronautics)", "Zero emission", "Aerospace engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Zero (linguistics)", "Energy (signal processing)", "Computer science", "Environmental science", "Physics", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://saemobilus.sae.org/downloads/articles/2025-01-8787/Full%20Text%20PDF" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3128426017", "doi": null, "title": "Reducing transport costs and improving sustainability simultaneously through horizontal logistics collaboration: a case study", "year": 2010, "publication_date": "2010-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Tom Van Lier", "Cathy Macharis", "An Caris", "Huub Vrenken" ], "first_author": "Tom Van Lier", "venue": "Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt)", "publisher": "Hasselt University", "abstract": "In this paper the potential of a more systematic bundling of the outbound freight flows out of three neighboring distribution centers (DCs) of the same company, each specialized in a specific product category and each using a separate planning system, is investigated. Most of the outbound flows are currently still transported by truck, so one way to simultaneously achieve lower transport costs and more sustainable logistics is through supply chain collaboration in outbound logistics. This paper investigates two possible options: horizontal internal collaboration across warehousing functions and horizontal external collaboration with a non-competitor. The first option looks at internal co-loading between the three DCs by introducing cross-dock-operations on the EDC’s premises with the objective to increase the fill level of the trailers/containers under current planning restrictions. To this purpose, a discrete event simulation is performed and both internal and external transport cost savings of the resulting freight bundling potential are calculated. The second option focuses on the potential of external co-loading with a non-competing, complementary shipper to further improve outbound operations. Barriers for implementation are identified and possible solutions suggested.", "keywords": [ "Sustainability", "Business", "Process management", "Environmental economics", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/1942/13051" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7124729580", "doi": "10.1016/j.tre.2025.104639", "title": "An event-based model and hybrid genetic search algorithm for an inland multi-size container transportation problem", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-18", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Meiyan Chi", "Xiaoning Zhu", "Baicheng Yan", "Kris Braekers" ], "first_author": "Meiyan Chi", "venue": "Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Truck", "Genetic algorithm", "Computation", "Skew", "Graph", "Representation (politics)", "Programming paradigm", "Flexibility (engineering)" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2025.104639" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4400425475", "doi": "10.1080/23302674.2024.2374968", "title": "Solve the medical specimen collection problem by Ant Colony Optimization", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-07-08", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shan-Huen Huang", "Ying‐Hua Huang", "Li-Chieh Chiu" ], "first_author": "Shan-Huen Huang", "venue": "International Journal of Systems Science Operations & Logistics", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "abstract": "This research presents a multi-depot vehicle routing problem in which some freight is time-sensitive. It is inspired by the medical sample collection problem in which some specific medical samples (such as blood and urine) must be returned to the hospital or laboratory within a specific time in order to preserve the specimen’s efficacy. The medical specimen collection problem is emerging for a society with a rapidly aging population, which implies an increase in people requiring long-term care. This problem aims to determine the number of trucks needed and their associated routes in which the total cost is optimised. A solving process based on Ant Colony Optimization is proposed and used to solve two sets of benchmarks to verify its performance. Other scenarios, including non-urgent, all-urgent, and mixed-specimens cases, are also resolved. The study demonstrates a problem-solving process. The outcomes show that the proposed solving method can produce competitive solutions.", "keywords": [ "Ant colony optimization algorithms", "ANT", "Computer science", "Ant colony", "Mathematical optimization", "Artificial intelligence", "Mathematics", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23302674.2024.2374968" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2006695647", "doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60817-5", "title": "Uganda's struggle with schistosomiasis", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-05-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sam Loewenberg" ], "first_author": "Sam Loewenberg", "venue": "The Lancet", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Sanitation", "Schistosomiasis", "Trachoma", "Neglected tropical diseases", "Socioeconomics", "Environmental health", "Geography", "Medicine", "Disease", "Helminths", "Sociology", "Immunology" ], "cited_by_count": 36, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673614608175/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2321283928", "doi": "10.1299/kikaic.67.3345", "title": "A Study on Vehicle Routing Scheduling Problem under Limited Number of Berths.", "year": 2001, "publication_date": "2001-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Masanobu Uesugi", "Takashi Irohara", "Kazuho Yoshimoto" ], "first_author": "Masanobu Uesugi", "venue": "TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C", "publisher": "Japan Society Mechanical Engineers", "abstract": "At present, it is important problem to reduce transportation cost for most of corporation. In recently, most of customer have specifying time to be served by transportation companies, and it is important for the companies to keep it. Because both reducing cost and improving quality of services are hoped by many transportation companies. Thus, one of the best ways to keep the time window is better scheduling of trucks. And useless waiting time and running time can be reduced. But these are made difficult by following two things. 1 : Time window of customers. 2 : Limited number of berths. Particularly in case of multi route service, 2 is very important. And it is very difficult to solve VRP under limited number of berths. So how to make schedules including both 1 and 2 is needed very much. But there is no research until now. Moreover by making these, it can be easy to work at depot. For these reasons, in this research I develop how to solve Vehicle Routing Scheduling Problem under Limited Number of Berths.", "keywords": [ "Scheduling (production processes)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Operations research", "Computer network", "Mathematical optimization", "Engineering", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kikaic1979/67/662/67_662_3345/_pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2769141398", "doi": "10.2991/aime-17.2017.16", "title": "Providing special vehicles with spare parts in oil-and-gas sector", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Vladimir Ioganesovich Bauer", "Aleksandr Alekseevich Mukhortov", "Evgeniy Sergeevich Kozin", "Artyom Vladimirovich Bazanov" ], "first_author": "Vladimir Ioganesovich Bauer", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "In the paper, the methodology of creating a rational system of providing special vehicles, operating in the oil-andgas sector, with spare parts is presented.As a result of the study, the criteria of effectiveness of providing with spare parts were determined.The method of rational distribution of spare parts among the elements of the production and technical base engaged in servicing and repairing special vehicles, was developed.The algorithms and the mathematical apparatus, presented in the paper, allow determining the nomenclature of spare parts depending on the parameters of operating time of special vehicles and the rate of their failures.The elements of the production and technical base were classified: sites of servicing and maintenance of machinery in the deposit, transport depots of machinery in large cities, specialised enterprises engaged in capital repairs of parts and assemblies.The variants of provision with spare parts by the proposed criteria were compared.By the example of a special vehiclecementing truck \"TSA-320\", the rate of failures was calculated, the list of the required spare parts is formed, as well as the fund of spare parts was distributed over elements of the production and technical base.", "keywords": [ "Spare part", "Fossil fuel", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering", "Manufacturing engineering", "Petroleum engineering", "Business", "Engineering", "Waste management", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://download.atlantis-press.com/article/25885148.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2152606418", "doi": "10.1109/cipls.2013.6595202", "title": "Line-based optimization of LTL-shipments using a multi-step genetic algorithm", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-04-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Christian Tummel", "Tobias Pvttel", "Philipp Wolters", "Eckart Hauck", "Sabina Jeschke" ], "first_author": "Christian Tummel", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Motivated by the so-called “Cloud Logistic”-concept as an innovative, line-based way for dealing with less than truck load (LTL) shipments in cooperation networks, this paper introduces a genetic algorithm as a heuristical approach for dealing with multi-objective optimization problems. Based on the implied optimization problem — the NP-hard multi-depot heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem with time windows and assignment restrictions (m-VRPTWAR) — four different optimization goals of the “CloudLogistic”-concept are introduced and a multi-step approach is motivated. Therefore, two different optimization steps are presented and transferred into a genetic algorithm. Additionally, two innovative problem-specific genetic operators are introduced by combining a generation-based approach and a usage-based approach in order to create a useful mutation process. A further usage-based approach is used to realize a problem-specific crossover operator. The presented genetic multi-step approach is a useful concept for dealing with multi-objective optimization problems without the need of a single combined fitness function.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Genetic algorithm", "Algorithm", "Line (geometry)", "Mathematics", "Machine learning" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cipls.2013.6595202" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2589725121", "doi": null, "title": "Design of the input and output cargo flows for a Fast-Track at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "K.M. Schuppener" ], "first_author": "K.M. Schuppener", "venue": "Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)", "publisher": "Delft University of Technology", "abstract": "Amsterdam Aiport Schiphol (AAS) has the ambition of becoming Europe's cargo preferred airport. However, in addition to facing spare capacity for future growth, past research has shown key issues preventing it from reaching this goal. Some of these are truck waiting times, long throughput times and 1st line warehouse efficiency. One of the logistical concepts aimed at solving these is a Fast Track (FT), based on the transshipment purpose of a cross-dock. The focus of this research is thus to answer: \"How can the input and output distribution processes of a Fast Track (FT) at AAS facilitate a seamless flow in the context of a multi-actor environment?\" Having conducted a thorough process analysis and literature review, different designs are proposed based on the airside distribution, the existence of FT storage and the push/pull nature of the system. A simulation study is conducted in Simio with the goal of understanding if the designs have an effect on the KPIs and if these are relevant. When contrasted to the single handler distribution, the multiple handlers one proved to positively impact lead time (LT), reducing it from 2.3 to 1.6 hours and decreasing variability by 50%. The remaining designs are tested on this configuration and based on it, a design with storage and a push nature selected. The existence of storage affected LT whereas the Push designs positively impacted the landside KPIs. As a conclusion, the decision-making power needs to rest in the FT operator so that the dynamism of the push/pull logic can be sustained and as a consequence, stream and efficient operations ensured.", "keywords": [ "Performance indicator", "Context (archaeology)", "Spare part", "Operations research", "Transshipment (information security)", "Transport engineering", "Truck", "Process (computing)", "Track (disk drive)", "Throughput", "Port (circuit theory)", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1834c7f5-2761-4766-9ae3-727864ca7604" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4404206262", "doi": "10.1016/j.cor.2024.106894", "title": "The min max multi-trip drone location arc routing problem", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-11-09", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Teresa Corberán", "Isaac Plana", "José María Sanchis" ], "first_author": "Teresa Corberán", "venue": "Computers & Operations Research", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "This paper studies the Min Max Multi-Trip drone Location Arc Routing Problem (MM-MT-dLARP), an arc routing problem that combines trucks and drones. We have a set of lines (usually curved) that have to be flown over by drones to perform a service (inspection, for example). There is a depot from which the trucks leave, each one carrying a drone, and a set of potential launching points where the truck can launch and pick up the drone. Drones have limited autonomy, but they can make several flights. We consider a min-max objective, in which the makespan, or time necessary to complete the service, must be minimized. Using aerial drones instead of ground vehicles allows to travel off the network: drones can enter a line through any of its points, service only a portion of that line and then exit through another of its points, without following the lines of the network. This allows for finding better solutions but also increases the difficulty of the problem. This issue can be addressed by digitizing the MM-MT-dLARP instances, approximating each line by a polygonal chain with a finite number of intermediate points, and requiring that drones can only enter and exit a line through those intermediate points. Thus, an instance of a discrete Min Max Multi-Trip Location Arc Routing Problem (MM-MT-LARP) is obtained. Here, an integer formulation for the MM-MT-LARP is proposed, some families of valid inequalities are proved to be facet-inducing of a relaxed polyhedron, and a branch-and-cut algorithm based on the strengthened formulation is developed. This algorithm has only been applied to small instances without intermediate points on the lines. In addition, we have developed a matheuristic algorithm for the MM-MT-dLARP that combines a construction phase, four local search procedures integrated into a Variable Neighborhood Descent (VND) algorithm, and a set of rules for selecting intermediate points to improve the solutions. We present the results obtained on a set of randomly generated instances involving up to 6 launching points and 88 original lines.", "keywords": [ "Arc routing", "Drone", "Computer science", "Arc (geometry)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Mathematical optimization", "Operations research", "Computer network", "Mathematics", "Geometry" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2024.106894" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7154739765", "doi": "10.1016/j.trd.2026.105373", "title": "Multi-modal charging networks for shared electric vehicle fleets: A data-driven approach", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-18", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Xiaotian Yan", "Feilong Wang", "Zhanbo Sun", "Yueyuan Du", "Wenbo Fan" ], "first_author": "Xiaotian Yan", "venue": "Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Electric vehicle", "Vehicle dynamics", "Vehicle safety", "Vehicle tracking system", "Hybrid vehicle" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2026.105373" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2734456221", "doi": "10.33762/eeej.2016.118286", "title": "Monitoring and Control the Supply of Fuel in Baghdad using RFID", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-12-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mohannad M. Hasan", "Fawzi M. Al-Naima" ], "first_author": "Mohannad M. Hasan", "venue": "Iraqi Journal for Electrical And Electronic Engineering", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Nowadays, there are no accurate records of the various quantities of fuel being dispensed at the Iraqi fuel stations. All such reports are usually paper-based and are missing the required precision to control this valuable commodity, which could lead to misuse or illegal sale of fuel. This paper presents a control system based on RFID technology to monitor the supply and dispensing of vehicle fuel in Baghdad. The system consists of RFID readers attached to fuel dispensers and pumps, and RFID tags assigned to the vehicles and the trucks used for delivering fuel to the fuel stations. A hardware part is connected to conventional fuel dispensers and machines, located at both the stations and the fuel refineries or depots, which makes them work under the control of the RFID system, without the need to rebuild new dispensers. The designed system database is a centralized one located on a cloud server, in order to allow fuel stations to communicate with it and do the required transactions. Throughout this system, different reports can be generated, which can give important online statistics about the movement of fuel supplies over the city.", "keywords": [ "Control (management)", "Business", "Environmental science", "Automotive engineering", "Computer science", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.33762/eeej.2016.118286" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4417050484", "doi": "10.3390/en18236333", "title": "Multi-Physical Modeling and Design of a Hydraulic Compression System for Hydrogen Refueling of Heavy-Duty Vehicles", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-02", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Andrea Fornaciari", "Matteo Bertoli", "Barbara Zardin", "Marco Rizzoli", "Éric Noppe", "Massimo Borghi", "Frédéric Barth", "Pavel Kučera", "Peter Kloft", "Francis Eynard", "Louis Butstraen", "Remi Marthelot", "Emmanuel Sauger" ], "first_author": "Andrea Fornaciari", "venue": "Energies", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Heavy-duty vehicles cause a significant percentage of the harmful gas emissions from the automotive industry. This article presents the development of a compression system for hydrogen as part of the H2REF-DEMO hydrogen refueling station, joining the European efforts to promote hydrogen (H2) as a fuel that can play a key role in the energy transition of these types of vehicles. The H2REF-DEMO project, co-funded by the European Union’s “Horizon. Europe” programme under the “Clean Hydrogen Partnership” (grant agreement no. 101101517), involves a partnership between companies and research centers that aims to investigate the possibility of compressing hydrogen through hydraulic power to handle large vehicle refueling applications, such as bus fleet depots, trucks, or trains. The basic principle is the exploitation of hydraulic power to compress hydrogen through hydro-pneumatic bladder accumulators. The hydraulic power units, in fact, pump oil into the accumulators, causing a deformation of the bladder containing H2 and thus a consequent gas compression. In this article, we focus on the development of the compression system, from the theoretical starting point to the core final layout of the refueling station for large vehicles. We also exploit a lumped parameter numerical model to both support the system design and virtually test its first control logic. The latter, in particular, allows the system to operate in three modes—Bypass, Parallel, and Serial modes—thus leaving room for testing basic and more complex control strategies. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of this innovative compression technology and its considerable efficiency in terms of refueling time and energy consumption, especially when compared to the standard systems used for this application. These are thus encouraging results that can support the development of an actual H2REF-DEMO hydraulic test rig for hydrogen compression.", "keywords": [ "Hydrogen vehicle", "Automotive industry", "Power (physics)", "Hydraulic machinery", "Hydrogen", "Compression (physics)", "Fossil fuel", "Hydraulic fluid", "Deformation (meteorology)" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236333" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161238863", "doi": "10.3390/su18104861", "title": "Joint Scheduling and Route Optimization for Bus–Heterogeneous Drone Collaborative Delivery Systems Under Spatiotemporal Synchronization Constraints", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chennan Gou", "Lei Wang", "Mayila Aizezi", "Zhenzhen Chen", "Xiyangzi Yang" ], "first_author": "Chennan Gou", "venue": "Sustainability", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Rural logistics faces persistent challenges such as high distribution costs, dispersed demand, and limited transport infrastructure, which hinder efficient last-mile delivery. To address these issues, this study proposes a bus–heterogeneous drone collaborative delivery system that integrates the fixed-route coverage of rural buses with the flexibility of multiple types of drones. The proposed system enables synchronized operations between buses and drones, where buses serve as mobile depots for drone launching and recovery along predefined routes. A mixed-integer programming (MIP) model is developed to jointly optimize bus schedules and drone routing under spatiotemporal synchronization constraints, considering drone endurance, payload capacity, energy consumption, and bus departure times. Due to the NP-hard nature of the problem, an Improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA) is designed, incorporating a three-layer encoding scheme, adaptive crossover and mutation operators, and a local search repair mechanism to enhance convergence and solution feasibility. A real-world case study from Baihe County, Shaanxi Province, China, is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and algorithm. Comparative experiments under the reported case-study setting show that the proposed bus–heterogeneous drone system achieves notable cost reduction and improved overall delivery performance. Sensitivity analyses further confirm the robustness of the model with respect to drone endurance, drone payload capacity, and bus stop quantity. This research contributes to the literature by bridging the methodological gap between truck–drone coordination and bus-based collaborative delivery, offering an innovative framework for sustainable rural logistics and multi-modal last-mile optimization.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Payload (computing)", "Robustness (evolution)", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Bridging (networking)", "Synchronization (alternating current)", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Crossover" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su18104861" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2569955266", "doi": null, "title": "A SET PARTITIONING APPROACH TO THE VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM", "year": 1985, "publication_date": "1985-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yogesh K. Agarwal" ], "first_author": "Yogesh K. Agarwal", "venue": "Scholarly Commons @ Case Western Reserve University", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This dissertation presents a new algorithm for the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) based on the set partitioning approach. Given a depot, a number of delivery points (stops) with known demands, and the vehicles with given capacities, the problem is to find the set of most economical vehicle routes satisfying all demand. Each route originates and terminates at the depot and must be feasible with respect to the truck capacity. In the set partitioning approach, each route is represented by a binary column with elements 1 for stops visited on the routes and 0 for stops not visited. The obvious difficulty is that the number of feasible columns can be too large to enumerate. To avoid this difficulty, a column generation scheme has been developed to solve the LP relaxation of the set partitioning formulation. A linear approximation of the TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) objective function has been used to derive a lowerbound for the column generation subproblem. Using this lowerbound the subproblem is solved by a branch and bound approach. A new insert1on based lowerbound for the TSP has been developed which is used to avoid solving the TSPs frequently in the branch and bound search. The LP relaxation of VRP is solved by using the column generation subproblem. Several new ideas have been introduced to improve the computational efficiency of this process. The convergence of the LP is accelerated by imposing artificial upperbounding constraints on the duals, and gradually relaxing them later. Heuristic solutions of the VRP obtained by other algorithms are used for a priori estimation of optimal duals. Starting the LP from this estimated solution cons1derably improves the convergence. The information in the optimal LP basis is used to construct heuristic and optimal integer solutions to VRP. The equivalence of set partitioning and set covering problems in the special case of VRP has been shown. Based on this equivalence, an algorithm has been developed to extract a set covering solution from columns in the LP basis. This solution is then converted into a set partitioning solution which turns out to be quite close to optimal. A procedure for obta1ning optimal solutions to the VRP has been developed based on a well-known theorem on set partitioning. The optimal dual variables are used to generate a relatively small set of columns which is guaranteed to contain the optimal solution. Problems of up to 30 stops have been solved optimally within reasonable CPU time. Despite its computational limitations, set partitioning approach appears to be the most suitable for real world VRP. Ways of incorporating most real world constraints and considerations in this approach have been discussed. Several ideas for designing set partitioning based heuristics are also presented along with the scope for further work in this direction.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Set (abstract data type)", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://commons.case.edu/wsom-ops-reports/517" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7108326756", "doi": "10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137773", "title": "Deflagration characterization parameters and pollutant emission characteristics of PO-Gasoline blends", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-02", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Qi Jing", "Yuhan Wu", "Yuntao Li", "Laibin Zhang" ], "first_author": "Qi Jing", "venue": "Fuel", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Gasoline", "Overpressure", "Ignition system", "Combustion", "Deflagration", "Pollutant", "Volume (thermodynamics)", "Work (physics)", "Autoignition temperature" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137773" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4252877450", "doi": "10.1016/b978-0-7506-8987-8.00002-0", "title": "Marine vehicle types", "year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [], "first_author": null, "venue": "Elsevier eBooks", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Marine engineering", "BARGE", "Port (circuit theory)", "Truck", "Container (type theory)", "Deck", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-8987-8.00002-0" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W607966672", "doi": null, "title": "Hybrid electric vehicles - micro-hybrids as a step towards lower emissions and fuel consumption", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Paul C. Schmitz", "E. Spijker", "D Kok" ], "first_author": "Paul C. Schmitz", "venue": "TRA - TRANSPORT RESEARCH ARENA EUROPE 2006: GOETEBORG, SWEDEN, JUNE 12TH-15TH 2006: GREENER, SAFER AND SMARTER ROAD TRANSPORT FOR EUROPE. PROCEEDINGS", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Hybrid electric vehicles - micro-hybrids as a step towards lower emissions and fuel consumption customer demands combined with legal requirements will drive the introduction of hybrid electric vehicle technologies to improve CO2 emissions from passenger cars and trucks. Over the next decade, the technological evolution to counterbalance potential CO2 increase will include engine stop/start operation, as well as new powertrain functions like regenerative braking, shift of engine operating points and various levels of hybrid electric propulsion assist. These functions define the CO2 benefits of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and therefore they can be used to differentiate between four levels of hybridization. Regional differences in driving patterns and competing powertrain technologies will drive a diversification of the hybrid technologies. In North America, Ford Motor Company offers full-hybrid vehicles that answer to market demands. In Europe, the micro-hybrid technology provides an attractive opportunity with respect to system cost versus fuel consumption improvements. For Fiesta passenger cars this enables the implementation of cost effective CO2 reducing technology. For a transit commercial vehicle, it enables low cost of ownership through significant fuel savings in commercial urban delivery applications. This shows that the B-ISG system technology is attractive as a rational and cost effective feature across a wide range of micro-HEV applications (A). For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E212343.", "keywords": [ "Powertrain", "Truck", "Fuel efficiency", "Automotive engineering", "Green vehicle", "Propulsion", "Hybrid vehicle", "Drivetrain", "Electric vehicle", "Engineering", "Battery electric vehicle", "Diversification (marketing strategy)" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/862591" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4384705050", "doi": "10.2478/amns.2023.1.00251", "title": "Development and Application of Field Mixing Process and Intelligent Mixing Vehicle for Plateau Type Emulsified Explosives for Open Pit Mining", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-05-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Xiuyong Tang", "Bin Chen", "Mingjie Li" ], "first_author": "Xiuyong Tang", "venue": "Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences", "publisher": "De Gruyter", "abstract": "Abstract To improve mine production efficiency, reduce blasting costs, and meet the needs of mine capacity expansion, the use of an on-site mixing emulsion explosives truck for open pit iron ore deep hole step blasting charging operation. This paper firstly briefly introduces the process flow of emulsion explosives production and makes a detailed introduction to the working principle and process control requirements of each section of emulsion explosives production. Based on the analysis of the basic principle of adaptive control, the adaptive PID controller is designed to control the discharge temperature and density of emulsion explosives production and to achieve self-tuning of parameters, which improves the control accuracy of production parameters and product quality. The research results show that the use of field mixing emulsion explosives, and blasting operations personnel was reduced by 40% to 50%, and the drilling workload was reduced by about 7%. The application of field mixing emulsion technology improves the blasting effect, increases shovel loading efficiency, reduces the labor intensity of workers, saves comprehensive mining costs, and reduces the cost of temporary explosives depot guarding and disposal of used packaging in mines.", "keywords": [ "Explosive material", "Mixing (physics)", "Emulsion", "Process engineering", "Controller (irrigation)", "Process (computing)", "Automotive engineering", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Mechanical engineering", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/amns.2023.1.00251" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3170658350", "doi": null, "title": "Optimizing Satellite Locations for a Multi-Echelon Last Mile Distribution Network to utilize Alternative Delivery Vehicles for Last Mile Delivery", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-08-06", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Abhinav Goyal" ], "first_author": "Abhinav Goyal", "venue": "DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "abstract": "The growing urban population over the past few years has created many challenges for last mile distribution, such as traffic congestion, pollution, and lack of parking space availability. With the advent of e-commerce industry, the volumes for last mile delivery are growing consistently. As firms struggle to provide competitive delivery commitments to the end customers, they are exploring alternative delivery methods, such as drones and e-cargo bikes to navigate urban areas efficiently while addressing pollution and traffic concerns. However, range and capacity constraints associated with such alternative delivery modes restrict the operations that can be carried out with such vehicles. Hence, firms are re-designing their last mile distribution strategies to adapt to the constraints posed by these delivery modes. One such strategy is to deploy a multi-echelon distribution network, using satellite nodes near customer locations that allow for transshipment. The large conventional trucks deliver parcels to a satellite, from whereon the parcels are cross-docked into lighter vehicles (such as e-cargo bikes) which perform the final delivery. This project introduces a mixed integer linear programming model for a two-echelon delivery network, to determine the optimal count and locations of satellites for a large parcel company. The transactional data for deliveries and pickups associated with one parcel center has been used to develop and test the model. The first-tier transportation, that is from parcel center to satellites, has been designed as a location routing problem. The second-tier transportation, that is from satellites to customer delivery points, has been designed as an allocation problem. The model tries to minimize the associated costs with the satellite operation, optimizing the fixed cost of establishing a satellite against the cost of distance travelled and transit time. Traffic considerations and road network distances have been accounted for by using real road network data for distance calculations, and transit times adjusted for traffic conditions across multiple hours during the day. The model returns the count of satellites to be established, along with their respective locations and vehicle routes for first tier transportation. Finally, the model maps all the customers to their respective satellites to achieve an optimum distribution cost.", "keywords": [ "Mile", "Last mile (transportation)", "Computer science", "Satellite", "Telecommunications", "Engineering", "Geography", "Geodesy" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/126489" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4405880811", "doi": "10.1002/net.22264", "title": "An Improved Freight Transportation Planning System for Less‐Than‐Truckload Operations of a Third‐Party Logistics Carrier", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-12-29", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Onur Can Saka", "F. Sibel Salman" ], "first_author": "Onur Can Saka", "venue": "Networks", "publisher": "Wiley", "abstract": "ABSTRACT Less‐than‐truckload (LTL) transportation is a widely used shipping modality within the logistics industry, facilitating the movement of loads insufficient in size to occupy the entirety of a truck's capacity. Drawing on the real‐life problem of a third‐party logistics (3PL) carrier, which navigates an expansive transportation network and unpredictable demand patterns, we propose a centralized planning approach for LTL transportation, taking advantage of consolidation opportunities at cross‐dock hubs to minimize long‐term freight costs while ensuring on‐time delivery. We present an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation to generate a multi‐day plan with known demands and a daily planning problem (DPP) model to be solved daily, emulating the available order information in a real planning scenario. DPP optimizes truck routes and loading plans, incorporating a penalty cost for postponed transportation requests. We devise a novel multi‐stage matheuristic integrating geographical decomposition with tractable integer programming models and column generation‐based heuristics. With this approach, the DPP is solved in fewer than 2 h of run‐time for real problem instances with as high as 1400 transportation orders. We benchmark our results against a baseline heuristic that mirrors the firm's existing planning approach through a multi‐period simulation. Our comparative evaluations reveal a noteworthy 7.8% improvement in long‐term freight costs, concurrently maintaining adherence to the 98% on‐time delivery target.", "keywords": [ "Heuristics", "Truck", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Integer programming", "Column generation", "Flow network", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Heuristic", "Transportation planning", "Transport engineering", "Mathematical optimization" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/net.22264" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7155090500", "doi": "10.1038/s41597-026-07273-5", "title": "An AI-Augmented Dataset of Multi-Prototype Electric Vehicle Charging Load Profiles in China", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-21", "type": "data-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Liu R", "Yiyan Li", "Naiwang Guo", "Dezhi Li", "Haini Qu", "Zhenghao Zhou", "Yike Guo", "Z-X Yan", "Jincheng Liu" ], "first_author": "Liu R", "venue": "Scientific Data", "publisher": "Nature Portfolio", "abstract": "Large-scale electric vehicle integration poses significant challenges to power grid operation, demanding high-fidelity and diversified datasets for in-depth research. To address this need, we introduce MP-EVData, a comprehensive dataset of station-level charging load profiles from a major Chinese metropolis in 2024. The core value of MP-EVData is providing charging load data for 10 stations in the same geographical location during the same time period, representing five distinct prototypes: taxi demonstration stations, bus depots, residential charging stations, battery swapping stations and heavy-duty truck stations. This unique structure eliminates the disturbances of external variables such as geographical, climatic, and policy, enabling controlled comparative analysis of their load characteristics. Furthermore, the dataset is augmented with a parallel, high-fidelity synthetic dataset generated using advanced generative AI models to support data-intensive research. Technical validation reveals highly distinct daily, weekly, and annual temporal patterns across prototypes and demonstrates clear price-responsive charging behavior under time-of-use pricing. MP-EVData provides a crucial benchmark for advancing researches in load forecasting, smart charging algorithms and urban infrastructure planning.", "keywords": [ "Benchmark (surveying)", "Truck", "Electric vehicle", "Grid", "Battery (electricity)", "Smart grid", "Load profile", "Core (optical fiber)" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-026-07273-5_reference.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3207514970", "doi": "10.13075/mp.5893.01101", "title": "Evaluation of exposure to nano-sized particles among transport and vehicle service workers", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-10-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Stella Bujak-Pietrek", "Urszula Mikołajczyk" ], "first_author": "Stella Bujak-Pietrek", "venue": "Medycyna Pracy", "publisher": "Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine", "abstract": "Background: Exposure to fine and ultrafine particles from transport processes is a main consequence of emissions from engines, especially those with self-ignition.The particles released in these processes are a source of occupational and environmental particles exposure.The aim of this study was to assess the fine and nano-sized particles emission degree during work connected with transport and vehicle servicing.Material and Methods: The tests were carried out at 3 workplaces of vehicles service and maintenance (a car repair workshop, a truck service hall, and a bus depot) during 1 work day in each of them.Measurements were performed using the following devices: DISCmini meters, GRIMM 1.109 optical counter and the DustTrak monitor.The number, surface area and mass concentration, and the number size distribution were analyzed.Results: The mean number concentration (DISCmini) increased during the analyzed processes, ranging from 4×104 p/cm 3 to 8×104 p/cm 3 , and the highest concentration was found in the car repair workshop.The particles mean diameters during the processes ranged 31-47 nm, depending on the process.An increase in the surface area concentration value was observed in correlation with the particles number, and its highest concentration (198 m 2 /cm 3 ) was found during work in the car repair workshop.The number size distribution analysis (GRIMM 1.109) showed the maximum value of the number concentration for particles sized 60 nm.The mean mass concentrations increased during the tested processes by approx.40-70%, as compared to the background.Conclusions: According to the measurement results, all the workplaces under study constituted a source of an increase in all analyzed parameters characterizing emissions of nano-sized particles.Such working environment conditions can be harmful to the exposed workers; therefore, at such workplaces solutions for minimizing workers' exposure, such as fume hoods or respiratory protection, should be used.Med Pr. 2021;72(5)", "keywords": [ "Particle number", "Truck", "Mass concentration (chemistry)", "Ultrafine particle", "Environmental science", "Nano-", "Materials science", "Environmental engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Chemistry", "Physics", "Composite material" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://medpr.imp.lodz.pl/pdf-141303-69886?filename=Evaluation of exposure to.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7140318241", "doi": "10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133451", "title": "Collaborative route optimization for efficient and constraint-aware express delivery using deep reinforcement learning", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Haoqiang Liu", "Huiming Chen", "Zhaobin Wei", "Qi Shi", "Wenzhen Huang", "Witold Pedrycz" ], "first_author": "Haoqiang Liu", "venue": "Neurocomputing", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Reinforcement learning", "Deep learning", "Control (management)", "Artificial neural network" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133451" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4392060268", "doi": "10.1007/978-94-007-6724-9_46-1", "title": "Biomass Supply Chain Logistics: Challenges and Technological Advancements", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "J. Richard Hess", "Jaya Shankar Tumuluru" ], "first_author": "J. Richard Hess", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Supply chain", "Biomass (ecology)", "Business", "Marketing", "Agronomy", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6724-9_46-1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4200205706", "doi": "10.2172/1835523", "title": "Cybersecurity for Grid Connected eXtreme Fast Charging (XFC) Station (CyberX) (Final Scientific/Technical Report)", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-10-31", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "David Coats", "Harish Suryanarayana", "Zhenyuan Wang", "Alexander Brissette", "Yuzhi Zhang", "V. R. Ramanan", "Don Scoffield", "Duncan Woodbury", "Nick Haltmeyer", "Austin Benzinger" ], "first_author": "David Coats", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This report summarizes the activities conducted under the DOE VTO funded project DE- EE0008451, where ABB Inc. (ABB), in collaboration with Idaho National Laboratory (INL), APS Global (APS), and XOS Trucks (XOS) pursued the development of a cyber-resilient extreme fast charging (XFC) management system. This project entitled Cybersecurity for Grid Connected eXtreme Fast Charging (XFC) Station (CyberX) focuses on a resilient architecture for smart charging EV Supply Equipment (EVSE) device control and Coordinated Anomaly Detection System (CADS) features that can be added at the charging site depot level to increase cybersecurity. The project was split into two budget periods focused first on developing the threat model and resilient control concepts and second on testing, improving, and validating those developed resilient control algorithms and features with a focus on key vulnerabilities identified during the threat assessment portion of the project. During the first budget period of the CyberX project, the ABB led team focused on activities to identify, model, and quantitatively prioritize high-impact attack scenarios with potential cyber-physical effects while also modeling and developing concepts for a resilient control system that could securely address integration of DERs and other resources with EV charging. Development of the security focused XFC management system (XMS) was accomplished first by offline simulation using a developed XFC station or depot with 480V input level and simulating measurement inputs to monitoring and control systems in concept development. A representative distribution grid model was developed supporting an EV charging site model with BESS and 6 general EV charging models. These EV charging models allowed multiple configurations of charging level, multiple connected protection and measurement devices, and simulation function to show general compromise of EV, BESS, and protection features based on parallel threat analysis. During the second budget period, the EV site and supporting systems model was developed in more detail and converted from offline model to real-time to real-time with EV charging hardware in the loop (HIL). The resilient control architecture developed as concept in the first part of the project was further tested and validated for integration of local energy resources and XFC charging station site equipment while maintaining cybersecure operating principles. The proposed resilient architecture for smart charging and cybersecurity features consists of two main concepts developed and tested within the project. The first concept is an XFC management system (XMS) consisting of a hardware gateway, software platform, and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) or Distribution Management System integration components. The second concept is a Coordinated Anomaly Detection System (CADS) which forms a primarily software-related subsystem of the total CyberX solution focused on monitoring system measurements, estimation of measurement states, and predicting current at the utility point of interaction based on machine learning for anomaly detection.", "keywords": [ "Grid", "Computer science", "Control (management)", "Systems engineering", "Computer security", "Engineering", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1835523" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2471745070", "doi": "10.17660/actahortic.2006.712.123", "title": "MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS OF FRESH PRODUCE IN MYANMAR", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-06-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Han Tin Aung", "S.H.L. Htoo", "H.P. Aung" ], "first_author": "Han Tin Aung", "venue": "Acta Horticulturae", "publisher": "International Society for Horticultural Science", "abstract": "An extensive study was made on the marketing and distribution systems of fresh produce in Myanmar in 2004-2005. The study sites were various farms and local markets in the central area of the country and the largest wholesale centre in Yangon. Plant brokers play the key role in the whole business. When the market is very competitive, the growers can enjoy on-firm sales tipped on their side. Normally they have to bring their produce to a buying depot situated on the main road and sell it for the day-to-day price. There can be, in some areas, a sort of growers' association selling their commodity direct to the wholesalers. Marketing systems are very interesting-quite different from region to region and from crop to crop. The same produce can be sold by number count, by weight or by volume. The discount system is also varied. The brokers try to get more advantage. The crop forecast and market intelligence of some brokers is of amazing wonder. The main means of transport is trucks and the major flow of commodities is to large markets and to the border areas. Retailers are also very active in distribution of fresh produce in the local and street markets to the consumers even up to their doorsteps in remote hamlets and fields. The quality management throughout the commodity chain is mainly physical based on local materials and traditional wisdom. However, quality of packaging is becoming common with some commercial fruits.", "keywords": [ "Distribution (mathematics)", "Business", "Marketing", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.712.123" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4387586115", "doi": "10.4236/ojss.2023.1310018", "title": "Review and Analysis: Fate of Arsenic Applied to Canal Shipping Lane Vegetation and United States Military Base Grounds in the Panama Canal Zone", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kenneth Ray Olson" ], "first_author": "Kenneth Ray Olson", "venue": "Open Journal of Soil Science", "publisher": "Scientific Research Publishing", "abstract": "The opening of the Panama Canal in 1913 increased the availability of internationally traded goods and transformed ocean-shipping by shortening travel time between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The canal sparked the growth of port authorities and increased ship tonnage on both coasts of Panama. Since the construction of the Panama Canal, in the 1910s, pesticides, herbicides and chemicals, including arsenic, have been essential for controlling wetland vegetation, including hyacinth, which blocked rivers, lakes, and the canal as well as managing mosquitoes. Pesticides and chemicals flowed into Lake Gatun (reservoir) either attached to sediment or in solution during the monsoon season. Lake Gatun was the drinking water source for most of the people living in the Panama Canal Zone. The United States military base commanders had the ability to order and use cacodylic acid (arsenic based) from the Naval Depot Supply Federal and Stock Catalog and the later Federal Supply Catalog on the military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone. Cacodylic acid was shipped to Panama Canal Zone ports, including Balboa and Cristobal, and distributed to the military bases by rail or truck. The objective of this study is to determine the fate of arsenic: 1) applied between 1914 and 1935 to Panama Canal shipping lane hyacinth and other wetland vegetation and 2) cacodylic acid (arsenic) sprayed from 1948 to 1999 on the US military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone.", "keywords": [ "Panama", "Panama canal", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Environmental science", "Wetland", "Ditch", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Environmental protection", "Water resource management", "Geology", "Ecology" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=128297" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W572908813", "doi": null, "title": "Machine Learning Fusion Based Technique for Predicting the Concrete Pouring Production Rate Based on Traffic and Supply Chain Parameters", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mojtaba Maghrebi", "Ali Shamsoddini", "Steven Travis Waller" ], "first_author": "Mojtaba Maghrebi", "venue": "Transportation Research Board 94th Annual MeetingTransportation Research Board", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Most construction materials are supplied by out-sourced suppliers and are transferred via road transportation. Concrete is the most used construction material in the world and demand for concrete is ever increasing. In addition, a wide range of crews and machineries are involved in concrete based constructions tasks. As a result, being able to accurately estimate the concrete pouring task will potentially have both cost and time saving effects. Moreover, due to space limitations as well as technical obligations, fresh concrete is mixed at a Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) depot and then hauled by trucks to constructions sites. Therefore, to predict the concrete pouring duration managers must consider both traffic and supply parameters. In this paper, a data structure is presented to cover these parameters and Machine Learner Fusion-Regression (MLF12R) is used to predict the production rate of concrete pouring tasks. A field database that covers a month of deliveries across a metropolitan area was gathered for evaluating the proposed method. The dataset includes over 2600 deliveries to 507 different locations. Finally, the MLF-R was tested with the proposed dataset and the results compared with ANN-Gaussian, ANN-Sigmoid and Adaboost.R2 (ANN-Gaussian) which are trained with the exact training sets. The results show that MLF-R obtained the least RMSE in comparison with other methods, and also acquired the least standard deviation of RMSE and correlation coefficient with the stability of this approach.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Range (aeronautics)", "Computer science", "Standard deviation", "Engineering", "Transport engineering", "Statistics", "Mathematics", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1339483" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413274528", "doi": "10.1016/j.dajour.2025.100621", "title": "An evolutionary analytics model for enhancing food distribution through two-tier routing", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-18", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Muhammad Khahfi Zuhanda", "Hartono Hartono", "Samsul A Rahman Sidik Hasibuan", "Najwa Muthmainnah", "Marlina Br Girsang" ], "first_author": "Muhammad Khahfi Zuhanda", "venue": "Decision Analytics Journal", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "Food insecurity remains a global challenge that demands efficient and equitable logistical solutions, especially in the distribution of food aid. This study addresses the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-VRP) in foodbank logistics by proposing a novel multi-objective optimization framework. The model combines the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) with k-means clustering, a rare approach in food distribution logistics, to optimize route efficiency. The first echelon involves transporting food from a central depot to intermediate agents using trucks, while the second echelon involves delivering food from agents to beneficiaries using vans. The primary objectives are to minimize total delivery distance and reduce delivery time, while considering fleet capacities, time window constraints, and ensuring fair distribution. Using spatial and demand data from Medan, Indonesia, the study evaluates the model’s performance, computational efficiency, and sensitivity to logistical factors such as fleet size. Results show that clustering improves route compactness and reduces travel distance, especially in large-scale networks. However, it increases computational time, highlighting a trade-off between solution quality and complexity. This research offers a scalable, data-driven framework for foodbank logistics, contributing to sustainable logistics and providing an innovative solution for optimizing food distribution in both urban and rural settings.", "keywords": [ "Analytics", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Data science", "Computer network", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2025.100621" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1532593208", "doi": null, "title": "The Effect of Cost of Distribution on the Pump Price of Petroleum Products in the South East Nigeria", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ehikwe Andrew Egede", "Oliver Uzonna Ngwoke" ], "first_author": "Ehikwe Andrew Egede", "venue": "Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development", "publisher": "IISTE", "abstract": "The public actors in the petroleum industries are the Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs) such as the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), Pipelines and Products Marketing Company Ltd (PPMC), Petroleum Equalization Fund (mgt) Board (PEF), Petroleum Products Pricing Regulatory Agency  (PPPRA) among others, while the private actors consist of both indigenous and expatriate firms such as independent petroleum marketers and major marketers. Both ensure that consumers got the products at the right quantity, right quality, right place and at right price. This paper aims to find out the effect of cost of distribution on the pump price of petroleum products. The only two government owned petroleum depots in the South East are located in Emene Enugu and Osisioma Aba, though moribund which compels marketers to travel very far away to source these essential commodities. Pipelines are the best and cheapest mode of distributing these products but, all have been vandalized but marketers bridge the products with trucks. The order price of products, transport freight, associations/unions levies and dues; rent, wages, salaries and allowances; spare parts, electricity, generator bills and maintenance, bank charges and interest rates and insurance premium; extortions from government officials have remain regular costs of distribution. Keywords: Distribution, Price, Petroleum Products, South East Nigeria", "keywords": [ "Petroleum", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Business", "Petroleum product", "Government (linguistics)", "Petroleum industry", "Corporation", "Quality (philosophy)", "Finance", "Marketing", "Economics", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEDS/article/viewFile/9024/9116" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4399595178", "doi": "10.4271/2024-37-0007", "title": "Assessing Heavy Duty Vehicle CO 2 Emissions for Qualification as a Zero Emissions Vehicle", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-06-12", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "David Mumford", "Graham Williams", "Nadege Leclercq" ], "first_author": "David Mumford", "venue": "SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The global transportation industry, and road freight in particular, faces formidable challenges in reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions; both Europe and the US have already enabled legislation with CO2 / GHG reduction targets. In Europe, targets are set on a fleet level basis: a CO2 baseline has already been established using Heavy Duty Vehicle (HDV) data collected and analyzed by the European Environment Agency (EEA) in 2019/2020. This baseline data has been published as the reference for the required CO2 reductions. More recently, the EU has proposed a Zero Emissions Vehicle definition of 3g CO2/t-km. The Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV) designation is expected to be key to a number of market instruments that improve the economics and practicality of hydrogen trucks. This paper assesses the permissible amount of carbon-based fuel in hydrogen fueled vehicles – the Pilot Energy Ratio (PER) – for each regulated subgroup of HDVs in the baseline data set. The analysis indicates that a PER of ~4% is required to address the key long-haul groups (5LH, 9LH and 10LH) and potentially some Regional Distribution vehicles, but that much lower PERs are required for most of the Regional and Urban Delivery vehicles in this group. The assessment then looks at the impact of the actual vehicle configuration and identifies features impacting the PER such as rear axle ratio; for example, an engine may be capable of meeting the Zero Emissions requirement, but rear axle ratios greater than 3 may still cause a specific vehicle configuration to exceed 3g/t-km of CO2. The paper concludes by assessing the existing technology options to meet the ZEV requirements and the current state of these technologies against the required PER target.", "keywords": [ "Greenhouse gas", "Baseline (sea)", "Truck", "Environmental science", "Heavy duty", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-37-0007" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1999989604", "doi": "10.2118/73841-ms", "title": "Waste Recycling Initiatives in an Exploration and Production Company in Nigeria", "year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-03-20", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "C. I. Ozumba", "T.E.T. Benebo" ], "first_author": "C. I. Ozumba", "venue": "SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract The Oil and Gas Exploration and Production activities in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria (West Africa) are mostly carried out by a number of multinational companies. The Niger Delta is largely underdeveloped and has limited basic infrastructure such as electricity and good roads. As a result of the large operational area (more than 31,000 square kilometers), these companies use large amounts of transportation equipment (helicopters, cars, buses, trucks, sea trucks, boats, etc.), generators, computers and personnel, etc. Their operations, therefore, result in the abundance of gaseous, liquid and solid wastes such as lube oils, papers, printer cartridges, food wastes, glass, batteries, tyres, associated gas, drill mud and cuttings, produced water etc. In recent times, environmental management especially waste management has gained relevance in most of these companies in Nigeria as in other Exploration and Production companies worldwide. These companies currently make huge efforts to mitigate the associated impact of their discharges to the environment. These efforts have been geared towards putting in place systems that are suitable for minimizing the avoidable components and ensuring that final disposal or discharge conditions have very minimal potential impact on the environment. As part of its efforts to manage solid wastes, the largest operating company in the Niger Delta has built an engineered dumpsite and a composting plant, in its Western operational division and Waste-Recycling Depots in both the Eastern and Western operating divisions. She is also currently engaged in efforts to build a modern Integrated Waste Management Facility and an engineered sanitary Landfill in both her Eastern and Western divisions respectively. Market surveys conducted by this operator revealed that a market exists for some of the waste products. Agreements were thus reached with some Nigerian local industries for the re-cycling of the waste paper, printer cartridges, tyres, scrap metals, plastics and food waste while vendors are still being sourced for other waste streams. Cost savings and revenue generated by this company presently from waste recycling are estimated at over $100, 000 per year, though the emphasis remains on mitigation of the impact that would otherwise happen if the materials were not recycled. This paper highlights the waste recycling initiatives in the largest operating company in the Niger Delta and the plans of this operator for waste management in the future.", "keywords": [ "Business", "Production (economics)", "Natural resource economics", "Environmental planning", "Economic growth", "Operations management", "Engineering", "Environmental science", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2118/73841-ms" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4390712608", "doi": "10.33373/sigmateknika.v6i1.5146", "title": "ISSUES RELATING TO WASTE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN SEKUPANG BATAM CITY", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-06-24", "type": "article", "language": "id", "authors": [ "Zures Gustiabani", "Yasyir Syah Lingga" ], "first_author": "Zures Gustiabani", "venue": "SIGMA TEKNIKA", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Untuk mencegah agar tempat sampah atau wadah sampah tidak meluap dan sampah terpantau tidak berserakan dijalan, maka diperlukan pengangkutan sampah yang disimpan di depot penampungan sampah secara berkala. Untuk menjaga kondisi higienis di kota, pembuangan sampah di tempah penyimpanan sementara (TPS) harus disediakan. Melihat latar belakang tersbut, maka penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi system pengangkutan sampah di Kecamatan Sekupang tahun 2022. Pada tahun 2022, Kecamatan Sekupang memiliki luas wilayah 68,30 km2 dengan jumlah penduduk 156.283 jiwa. Peneliatian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metode transportasi pengangkutan sampah, pengelolaan transportasi pengangkutan sampah, dan permasalahan terkait dengan transportasi sampah di Kecamatan Sekupang. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi permasalahan pengangkutan sampah adalah metode Hauled Container System (HCS), Stationary Container System (SCS), pengumpulan data dengan observasi lapangan, studi literatur, dan studi dokumentasi. Pengamatan dilakukan di 4 lokasi TPS di Kecamatan Sekupang yang akan dibawa ke TPA Punggur. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa proses pengangkutan sampah di Kecamatan Sekupang cocok menggunakan HCS dan SCS. Sedangkan permasalahan yang terjadi adalah kurangnya armada kendaraan pengangkut sampah untuk mengangkut 110 ton per hari. Selain itu, akses jalan kendaraan pengangkut sampah ke TPS atau sumber dari rumah ke rumah tidak memadai sehingga membutuhkan lebih banyak pekerja untuk mengumpulkannya langsung sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam truk. Sehingga dengan penambahan satu unit dump truck berkapasitas 2,5-ton dan satu unit arm roll truck berkapasistas 2-ton untuk 4-unit bak penampung di setiap TPS akan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pengangkutan sampah yang dihasilkan. Selain itu, dengan akses jalan yang lebih baik dan penambahan kendaraan pengangkut sampah lainnya akan memudahkan proses pengangkutan sampah di Kota Batam.", "keywords": [ "Physics", "Forestry", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.journal.unrika.ac.id/index.php/sigmateknika/article/download/5146/3538" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2120630749", "doi": "10.12777/transmisi.17.3.108-112", "title": "DETEKSI OTOMATIS PENCURIAN PADA PENGANGKUTAN BBM BERBASIS MODUL GPRS, GPS, DAN MIKROKONTROLER", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-07-09", "type": "article", "language": "id", "authors": [ "Muhammad Fikko Fadjrimiratno", "Sumardi Sumardi", "Andrey Wicaksono", "Rofiq Cahyo Prayogo", "Hot Asi Yohannes Sidabutar" ], "first_author": "Muhammad Fikko Fadjrimiratno", "venue": "Transmisi: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstrak Indonesia merupakan salah satu Negara dengan cadangan minyak yang besar. Namun produksi minyak Indonesia tidak dapat menutupi kebutuhan konsumsi BBM dalam negeri. Hal tersebut diperparah oleh aktifitas “kencing sembarangan”, yaitu upaya mengalirkan BBM dari truknya secara ilegal. Di beberapa kota, Pertamina telah menerapkan sistem GPS pada truk mereka. Namun pengawasan melalui GPS tersebut masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga tidak mungkin seluruh truk dapat diawasi secara maksimal. Oleh karena itu penulis merancang dan membuat suatu sistem berbasis modul GPRS, GPS, dan mikrokontroler yang memungkinkan pendeteksian secara otomatis dari upaya pencurian BBM oleh sopir truk tangki. Sistem ini mendeteksi upaya pencurian BBM dengan menempatkan sensor ultrasonik pada katup bottom loader sehingga upaya untuk melepas segel pada katup dapat dideteksi. Jika aksi pencurian terdeteksi, sistem akan menginstruksikan modul GPRS untuk mengirim SMS peringatan disertai koordinat lokasi pencuriannya pada depot Pertamina. Semua jenis mekanisme tersebut diprogram menggunakan bahasa pemrograman C. Dalam percobaan, prototipe telah berhasil mendeteksi terbukanya katup bottom loader dan mengirimkan SMS peringatan disertai koordinat lokasinya. Penerapan prototipe ini diharapkan dapat menekan kelangkaan BBM akibat aktifitas pencurian minyak dan berpotensi menyelamatkan Pertamina dan para pemilik SPBU dari kerugian finansial. Kata Kunci: Mikrokontroler, Modul GPRS, GPS, Bahasa Pemrograman C . Abstract Indonesia is one of the country with big crude oil reserve. But Indonesian oil production isn’t enough to cover internal fuel consumption. It’s exacerbated by “peeing” activity, the activity to drains the fuel from the truck illegaly. In big cities, Pertamina has applied GPS system. But the human resources to tracked each truck was still needed so the surveillance activity to all of the truck can’t be done maximumly. Therefore, we’re designing and making the GPRS, GPS, and microcontroller based system that enables system to automatically detects fuel theft attempts by the driver with the ultrasonic sensor on the bottom loader’s valve so it can detects the attempts to remove the seal. If “peeing” activity occured, microcontroller will instructs GPRS module to sending warning SMS which is included the coordinat of the fuel theft location to the Pertamina’s fuel terminal. That algorithm are programmed in C programming language.  On the trials, prototype has succeded to detecting the opened valve and sent warning SMS and the fuel theft coordinat. The application of this prototype is expected to reducing the fuel rarity that is because of fuel theft activity and potentially safe the Pertamina and owner of gas station from financial losses. Keyword: Microcontroller, GPRS module, GPS, C programming language .", "keywords": [ "Operating system", "General Packet Radio Service", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/transmisi/article/download/8772/7096" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3183756119", "doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01654-8", "title": "Social unrest disrupts South African health care", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-07-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Munyaradzi Makoni" ], "first_author": "Munyaradzi Makoni", "venue": "The Lancet", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Unrest", "Looting", "Imprisonment", "Calais", "Health care", "Medicine", "Political science", "Socioeconomics", "Law", "Sociology", "Politics" ], "cited_by_count": 11, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673621016548/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2961850813", "doi": "10.9734/jeai/2019/v39i230328", "title": "Wheat Grain Losses in Highway Transportation", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-07-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira", "Aloísio Bianchini", "Carlos Caneppele", "Antônio Renan Berchol da Silva", "Dryelle Sifuentes Pallaoro", "Thalles Alexandre Xavier Pereira", "Fabrício César de Moraes" ], "first_author": "Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira", "venue": "Journal of Experimental Agriculture International", "publisher": "Sciencedomain International", "abstract": "Road transport is highlighted by its efficiency providing door-to-door services. It can be considered that 62.70% of the entire Brazilian cargo is handled by land transportation. In this context the transportation of wheat grains is very important. Wheat is an important cereal crop in Brazil and one of the main sources of carbohydrates for baking. The country produced approximately 5.42 million tons of wheat grains in the 2018 harvest. The objective of this study is to establish a percentage loss index, as well as to assess these quantitative losses during the transportation of grains of wheat in bulk. The work was developed through a partnership between the National Supply Company and the Nucleus of Storage Technology at the Federal University of Mato Grosso. It was established the evaluation of losses related to the transportation of grain wheat in bulk in the main waterways, and the research was carried out in BR-277/376 in the State of Paraná. After the choice of the highways evaluated, we performed research on the data of documents of the transport of wheat in bulk. The obtained data, through the documents, provided weight of origin, weight of destination, place of origin and place of destination, in this way, by difference was obtained the quantity of grains lost in the transport and the mileage traveled in each route. By means of these data it was possible to obtain three indices of losses, one in Kg/Km (kilogram per kilometer wheeled), another one in Kg / t (kilograms per tons transported), and also determined an index of loss in percentage of grains transported. With the indication of the indices it was possible to evaluate the losses. The Bitrem truck (7 axles) was used as the basis for calculating the losses, since during the interviews this was the type that had the most occurrences in BRs evaluated, with 39%. Based on the questionnaire, the load weight of 38,000 kg was adopted. For the study of losses of wheat grains in road transport, 10,279 data were analyzed for routs, 1,053,851 km, with an average of 102.52 km round trip. The amount of wheat grain transported was 222,494,228 kg. The total losses were 505,736 kg, averaging 49.20 kg of loss per trip. The loss per km was on average 0.479 kg. The percentage loss index for wheat (0.1708%) was determined. This percentage is lower than the adopted one that is of 0.25%, nevertheless, represent considerable losses for the economy. Based on the data obtained in the present study, it can be stated that it is possible to adopt, by the carriers, percentage loss indexes lower than 0.25% in the contracts. It is recommended to adopt the percentages of grain loss in road transport of 0.17% for wheat.", "keywords": [ "Context (archaeology)", "Kilometer", "Work (physics)", "Agricultural economics", "Index (typography)", "Agricultural science", "Crop", "Environmental science", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Geography", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journaljeai.com/index.php/JEAI/article/download/1496/2995" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2197649410", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-00142-0_40", "title": "Milk Run Optimization with Delivery Windows and Hedging Against Uncertainty", "year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Carsten Böhle", "Wilhelm Dangelmaier" ], "first_author": "Carsten Böhle", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Environmental science" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00142-0_40" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4403398595", "doi": "10.3390/math12203201", "title": "A Graph-Refinement Algorithm to Minimize Squared Delivery Delays Using Parcel Robots", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-10-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Fabian Gnegel", "Stefan Schaudt", "Uwe Clausen", "Armin R. Fügenschuh" ], "first_author": "Fabian Gnegel", "venue": "Mathematics", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "In recent years, parcel volumes have reached record highs, prompting the logistics industry to explore innovative solutions to meet growing demand. In densely populated areas, delivery robots offer a promising alternative to traditional truck-based delivery systems. These autonomous electric robots operate on sidewalks and deliver time-sensitive goods, such as express parcels, medicine and meals. However, their limited cargo capacity and battery life require a return to a depot after each delivery. This challenge can be modeled as an electric vehicle-routing problem with soft time windows and single-unit capacity constraints. The objective is to serve all customers while minimizing the quadratic sum of delivery delays and ensuring each vehicle operates within its battery limitations. To address this problem, we propose a mixed-integer quadratic programming model and introduce an enhanced formulation using a layered graph structure. For this layered graph, we present two solution approaches based on relaxations that reduce the number of nodes and arcs compared to the expanded formulation. The first approach, Iterative Refinement, solves the current relaxation to optimality and refines the graph when the solution is infeasible for the expanded formulation. This process continues until a proven optimal solution is obtained. The second approach, Branch and Refine, integrates graph refinement into a branch-and-bound framework, eliminating the need for restarts. Computational experiments on modified Solomon instances demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution approaches, with Branch and Refine consistently outperforming Iterative Refinement across all tested parameter configurations.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Algorithm", "Robot", "Graph", "Mathematical optimization", "Mathematics", "Theoretical computer science", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/20/3201/pdf?version=1728727508" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2948551817", "doi": "10.12845/bitp.48.4.2017.5", "title": "Methodology for Reducing the Duration of the Free Development of Fire", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "pl", "authors": [ "E. M. Hulida", "Іван Паснак", "E.E. Vasilyeva" ], "first_author": "E. M. Hulida", "venue": "Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Методология уменьшения продолжительности свободного развития пожара Metodologia skrócenia czasu swobodnego rozwoju pożaru АBSTRACT Objective: The task is to develop a methodology for reducing the duration of the free development of fire, based on the principles of optimising the route of fire and rescue vehicles from the fire department to the place of call.To do this, it is necessary to analyse and distinguish factors that affect the duration of fire truck's travel to the place of call to reduce the duration of the free development of fire.To solve this problem, the behaviour of the fire vehicle in the «driver -car -road -environment» system was investigated.Methods: Theoretical research was carried out on the basis of methods of mathematical analysis, mathematical statistics, probability theory, and graph theory.The accuracy of the results of theoretical studies is suitable for engineering calculations.The processing of the results was carried out using the STATISTICA and Microsoft Excel software.Simulation methods were used to develop an algorithm for reducing the duration of the free development of fire, as well as the Monte Carlo method. Results:The study shows that the fire truck travel time to the place of call has the greatest influence on the duration of the free development of fire.The necessity of investigating the behaviour of fire vehicles in the system of \"road conditions -traffic flows\" was substantiated in order to reduce the duration of its travel to the place of call.A graph model of optimising the route of fire vehicles from the depot to the place of call has been developed.The simulation model for predicting the duration of the fire and rescue unit's travel to the place of call is developed, which will make it possible to determine the optimal travel route and reduce the duration of the free development of fire.Conclusions: The methodology of reducing the duration of the free development of fire on the basis of optimisation of the fire and rescue vehicle route from the fire department to the place of emergency is developed in this study.The theoretical calculations show that the developed methodology makes it possible to reduce the length of travel of special vehicles and, consequently, reduce the duration of free fire development on average by 7%.It is established that in order to determine all possible variants of the fire-propulsion traffic route, it is expedient to use the theory of graphs; such a model is presented in the study.In the future, it will be beneficial to develop and improve the existing mathematical models of fire vehicle movement, taking into account the parameters of traffic flows and road safety.", "keywords": [ "Duration (music)", "Computer science", "Environmental science", "Environmental planning", "Art" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.12845/bitp.48.4.2017.5" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4231255629", "doi": "10.1007/s38314-020-0201-7", "title": "People + Companies", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-04-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [], "first_author": null, "venue": "ATZelectronics worldwide", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s38314-020-0201-7.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7117115083", "doi": "10.1016/j.asoc.2025.114530", "title": "Multiple equipment scheduling and routing for container terminals using quantum-inspired deep learning", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-24", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Le Ngoc Bao Long", "Sam–Sang You", "Hwan–Seong Kim", "Truong Ngoc Cuong", "Duy Anh Nguyen", "Nguyen Duy Tan" ], "first_author": "Le Ngoc Bao Long", "venue": "Applied Soft Computing", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Scheduling (production processes)", "Straddle", "Robustness (evolution)", "Reinforcement learning", "Metaheuristic", "Container (type theory)", "Yard", "Job shop scheduling" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2025.114530" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2907759644", "doi": "10.18322/pvb.2018.27.11.23-29", "title": "Algorithm for the organization of the garnizon of the fire fighting service of the city", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "ru", "authors": [ "A.B. Kussainov" ], "first_author": "A.B. Kussainov", "venue": "Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Purpose. The purpose and objective of the study is to develop an algorithm for the organizational design of the garrison of the city fire department. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the existing theory of modeling fire services. So far, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, there have been no studies on the development of scientifically based standards for the design of fire fighting units. Results. According to the above algorithm for determining the required number of fire trucks, fire depots and personnel, it was established that with an average time to the place of a call in 3 minutes, a large number of fire departments will be required to ensure the fire safety of the city. At the same time, on average, one unit will have from 3 to 10 visits per year, which is not economically feasible. The optimal travel time to the place of call in cities should be on average 7 minutes, and 14 minutes for a settlement. The maximum travel time to the call site will be 18 minutes in cities and rural areas 28 minutes, which will be economically viable. Scope of scientific results. The obtained results can be used in the development of regulatory acts in the field of design of fire fighting units of cities and settlements, as well as local executive bodies and authorized bodies in the field of fire safety in the development of appropriate management decisions on the design of fire services. Conclusion. The analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of design of fire-fighting units showed that these norms are borrowed in the boundary camps and do not have scientific justification. In order to improve the fire safety of cities and towns of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the socio-economic characteristics of the country, the most optimal time to the call site in cities is determined, which is 7 minutes.", "keywords": [ "Firefighting", "Service (business)", "Human settlement", "Unit (ring theory)", "Fire protection", "Business", "Scope (computer science)", "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Settlement (finance)", "Environmental planning", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/download/708/478" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W270984196", "doi": "10.21236/ada448488", "title": "Demonstration and Validation of a Replacement Alternative to the Chromate Wash Primer DOD-P-15328D", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-04-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Pauline M. Smith", "Kestutis G. Chesonis", "John A. Escarsega" ], "first_author": "Pauline M. Smith", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The purpose of the DOD-P-15328D wash primer is to enhance corrosion resistance through the passivation of the metal surface. In the U.S. Army Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC) System, the metal surface is coated with a wash primer, overcoated with an epoxy primer, and followed by a camouflage urethane topcoat. Several coating procedures specify the use of the wash primer, DOD-P-15328D, as a surface treatment prior to the application of an epoxy primer/polyurethane topcoat CARC system. The current wash primer is a low-solids, solvent-based polyvinyl butyral that contains phosphoric acid and zinc chromate that promotes adhesion and minimizes corrosion. This coating contains large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that impact coating operations due to air pollution regulations that may require the use of control devices to reduce the total VOC/HAP emissions to the atmosphere. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has evaluated new, water-reducible wash primers that do not contain hexavalent chromium and significantly minimize VOC and HAP potential emissions during coating operations. Coatings have been extensively tested for accelerated corrosion and adhesion and have successfully completed 3 years of outdoor exposure testing. Tests are now required on military equipment to validate the lab and controlled testing previously completed. The ultimate objective of the process is to demonstrate that the low VOC wash primers can provide a drop-in solution to the environmental issues associated with the solvent-based primer currently in use, providing equal or better performance, involving no significant changes to the application and stripping procedures currently being used. The field demonstration of this coating was conducted at Letterkenny Army Depot facility and prepared on an Engagement Control Station Patriot truck unit.", "keywords": [ "Primer (cosmetics)", "Chromate conversion coating", "Engineering", "Chemistry", "Metallurgy", "Materials science", "Chromium" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://doi.org/10.21236/ada448488" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2525566720", "doi": null, "title": "An investigation of the physiological and biochemical responses elicited by Panulirus cygnus to harvesting, holding and live transport.", "year": 1996, "publication_date": "1996-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Patrick T. Spanoghe" ], "first_author": "Patrick T. Spanoghe", "venue": "eSpace (Curtin University)", "publisher": "Curtin University", "abstract": "The western rock lobster (WRL), Panulirus cygnus is a decapod crustacean which is found in abundance in the coastal waters of Western Australia and which supports a major fishery of economic importance for the State, with an annual harvest ranging between 10-12 million kilograms. The growth of the existing markets in Asia for live exports and the competition exerted by other countries marketing spiny lobsters prompted the need for the Industry to assess and develop post-harvest handling procedures likely to contribute to an improved quality of live product. The physiological responses of P. cygnus to handling and transportation were virtually unexplored.The objectives of this project were, (i) to generate information with regard to the biological phenomena underlying morbidity and mortality of lobsters during live export shipments, (ii) to investigate the physiological responses of P. cygnus to the post-harvest handling practices currently used by the WRL industry in their five export program and, (iii) to identify protocols by which post-harvest handling techniques could be modified to reduce the occurrence of morbidity and mortality during five export.These objectives were achieved through, (i) a field survey conducted during the course of the 1992/93 fishing season, investigating the relative influence of environmental factors and processing techniques on the incidence of lobster morbidity+mortality during simulated live shipments and, (ii) a series of field experiments that monitored the physiological responses elicited by lobsters to post-harvest handling procedures and simulated live shipment conditions.From the field survey, it appeared that the rate of morbidity+mortality experienced in simulated live shipments, within the three processing units surveyed, averaged 5.22 +/- 0.63 %, with a highly significant difference (p [less than] 0.001) between the processing units. Scrutiny of the data revealed a major influence of two factors directly related to post-harvest handling procedures: a) the time spent under normal commercial conditions in packaging export cartons and, b) the ambient temperature within the export cartons. Following 30-36 hrs in packaging, the percent mortality increased twofold, from 5.2 +/- 0.0 % recorded following 20 - 24 hrs to 10.4 +/- 2.3%. With regard to the ambient temperature within the export carton, temperatures between 17.5 and 20.0 degrees celsius appear to be optimal for P. cygnus survival while temperatures above 20.0 degrees celsius induce significantly greater morbidity and mortality.A number of factors were identified as having a potential influence on lobster physiological responses to post-harvest handling conditions:a)Immediately after harvesting, lobsters are subjected to a range of transport environment options, according to their origins: i.e., (i) direct delivery from fishing vessels by local fishermen to the processing facility, (ii) onshore transportation by truck from coastal depots and, (iii) transport in baskets on board carrier-boats from the Houtman Abrolhos Islands.b) After delivery, lobsters are subjected to sorting and grading procedures, with a concomitant exposure to air and disturbance.c) Recovery in holding tanks is usually allowed for a period ranging between 24 to 72 hours.d) Prior to being packed in export cartons, lobsters are subjected to a short period (30 sec to 3 min) of immersion in chilled water (8 - 12 degrees celsius), the procedure varying from one processor to the other.e) During subsequent periods of transit in export cartons, (up to 48 hrs) lobsters are subjected to aerial exposure and fluctuating ambient temperature.A comparison of the physiological profiles of lobsters from different origins revealed significant differences, with respect to a range of physiological variables. On the basis of visual estimates of health status, lobsters from the \"local\" origin exhibited a consistently superior condition, when compared to \"coastal\" and \"carrier-boat\" animals. The examination of physiological variables revealed consistent trends reflecting the visual assessments. \"Local\" lobsters exhibited significantly lower levels in anaerobic metabolic waste concentrations, with the haemolymph lactate titre between 2.77 +/- 0.19 and 4.33 +/- 0.56 mmol L(subscript)-1, compared with the other groups, between 5.23 +/- 0.24 and 8.86 +/- 1.29 mmol L(subscript)-1. A 250 to 300% increase in haemolymph ammonia concentration was observed between \"coastal\" and \"carrier-boat\" groups and the \"local\" lobsters, at 0.32 +/- 0.02 mmol L(subscript)-1. Significantly higher pH values were recorded for the \"local\" group, at 7.72 +/- 0.04, compared with values below 7.64 +/- 0.04 for the other groups. \"Local\" lobsters recorded 8 to 15 times less circulating glucose, at 0.11 +/- 0.03 mmol L(subscript)-1, having 50% more ATP in their muscle tissues, at 6.07 +/- 0.15 mu mol g(subscript)-1 and 250% more arginine phosphate, at 6.56 +/- 0.72 mu mol g(subscript)-1.An assessment of the efficiency of the industry sorting procedures revealed differences between selected and rejected animals with regard to the ATP and arginine phosphate concentrations in their muscle tissues with, as a common trend for both variables, selected animals recorded higher values. Significant differences were identified within the \"local\" group of lobsters, with selected animals recording 40% more ATP, at 6.92 +/- 0.63 mu mol g(subscript)-1 and 30 % more arginine phosphate, at 7.77 +/- 1.01 mu mol g(subscript)-1.A monitoring of the physiological profiles of lobsters subjected to extended (up to 8 hours) periods of onshore transportation in trucks revealed a significant reduction in their health status. A consistent and almost linear fall in the concentration of total adenylate (35%), to 5.46 +/- 0.50 mu mol g(subscript)-1 and phosphagen reserve (70%),to 2.77 +/- 0.26 mu mol g(subscript)-1, were recorded throughout the 8 hour period. For up to 6 hours the concentration of lactate in", "keywords": [ "Biology", "Fishery" ], "cited_by_count": 8, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/236" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2319490962", "doi": "10.2457/srs.2.37", "title": "An Approach to Make Regional Developmental Effect of Road", "year": 1971, "publication_date": "1971-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "文男 武田" ], "first_author": "文男 武田", "venue": "Studies in Regional Science", "publisher": "The Japan Section of the Regional Science Association International", "abstract": "In most countries including Japan road authorities have so far endeavoured to build roads and highways which are most efficient as transportation facilities. As motorization proceeds further, more roads are built, and developments take place in areas adjacent to highways, the adverse impacts of road construction upon natural and social environments become more and more keenly felt. Highway planners are in dismay as their decision tool, namely the cost-benefit-analysis is not apt to evaluate the adverse effects on environments and other social values, and their embarrassement is further aggravated by the upsurge of resistance and objection of the citizens and local communities to many of their road projects.Time is ripe for road planners to most positively respond to the rising desire of the people not only to acquire more mobility but also to conserve their natural and social environmental values. As one who is more interested in practice than in academic achievement, the author has tried to put in this paper some practical suggestions toward that objective. The suggestions presentended are related to (i) road designs which reduce congestion, noise and exhausted gas, and disruptive effects on scenic beauty and nature's ecology, (ii) means to encourage bus transportation with a view to reducing the private passenger car traffic (iii) route selection which minimizes the effect on many phases of natural and social environmental values, (iv) better configuration of road network to reduce through-traffic in cities, undue concentration of city functions in central districts and the need for long distance commutation, and (v) effective placement of bus and truck terminals, depots, and parking lots to eliminate unnecessary or dupricate traffic.He then takes up the approaches started recently in the United States, the “joint development”, “corridor development”, and “multiple use of highway-rights-of-way” concepts and examine their validity in Japanese context. The need for citizen participation in road project is also recognized but, as a premise to its successful introduction into the road planning activities, flexibility and versatility on the part of road planners are required on one hand and positive attitude on the part of citizens and schemes whereby citizens' responses to and wishes concerning the proposed road project be translated into sensible alternative counterproposals must be developed on the other hand.It is also pointed out that improvement of tax system concerning real estate, land use policy, reinforced restriction on use of lands adjacent to roads and freeway interchanges and reinforced legal power to make advance acquisition of highway-rights-of-way easier in an amount exceeding the actual road-bed need for later joint development purpose are essential.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Road pricing", "Traffic congestion", "Natural (archaeology)", "Business", "Social cost", "Engineering", "Economics", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/srs1970/2/0/2_0_37/_pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2743157095", "doi": null, "title": "Multi-modal Energy Consumption Modeling and Eco-routing System Development", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-07-28", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jinghui Wang" ], "first_author": "Jinghui Wang", "venue": "VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)", "publisher": "Virginia Tech", "abstract": "A door-to-door trip may involve multiple traffic modes. For example, travelers may drive to a subway station and make a transfer to rail transit; alternatively, people may also start their trips by walking/cycling to a bus/subway station and then take transit in most of the trip. A successful eco-route planning thus should be able to cover multiple traffic modes and offer intermodal routing suggestions. Developing such a system requires to address extensive concerns. The dissertation is a building block of the multi-modal energy-efficient routing system which is being developed and tested in the simulation environment before real applications. Four submodules have been developed in the dissertation as partial fulfillment of the simulation-based system: energy consumption modeling, subway system development, on-road vehicles dynamic eco-routing, and information effect on route choice behavior. Other submodules such as pedestrian/bicycle modeling will be studied in the future. Towards the research goal, the dissertation first develops fuel consumption models for on-road vehicles. Given that gasoline light duty vehicles (LDVs) and electric vehicles were modeled in previous studies, the research effort mainly focuses on heavy duty vehicles (HDVs). Specifically, heavy duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) as well as diesel and hybrid-electric transit buses are modeled. The models are developed based on the Virginia Tech Comprehensive Power-based Fuel consumption Modeling (VT-CPFM) framework. The results demonstrate that the model estimates are highly consistent with field observations as well as the estimates of the Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model (CMEM) and MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES). It is also found that the optimum fuel economy cruise speed ranges between 32 and 52 km/h for the tested trucks and between 39 and 47 km/h for the tested buses on grades varying from 0% to 8%, which is significantly lower than LDVs (60-80 km/h). The dissertation then models electric train dynamics and energy consumption in support of subway simulation system development and trip energy estimation. The dynamics model varies throttle and brake level with running speed rather than assuming constants as was done by previous studies, and the energy consumption model considers instantaneous energy regeneration. Both models can be easily calibrated using non-engine data and implemented in simulation systems and eco-transit applications. The results of the dynamics modeling demonstrate that the proposed model can adequately capture instantaneous acceleration/deceleration behavior and thus produce realistic train trajectories. The results of the energy consumption modeling demonstrate that the model produces the estimates consistent with the National Transit Database (NTD) results, and is applicable for project-level analysis given its ability in capturing the energy consumption differences associated with train, route and operational characteristics. The most suitable simulation testbed for system development is then identified. The dissertation investigates four state-of-the-art microsimulation models (INTEGRATION, VISSIM, AIMSUM, PARAMICS). Given that the car-following model within a micro-simulator controls longitudinal vehicle motion and thus determines the resulting vehicle trajectories, the research effort mainly focuses on the performance of the built-in car-following models from the energy and environmental perspective. The vehicle specific power (VSP) distributions resulting from each of the car-following models are compared to the field observations. The results demonstrate that the Rakha-Pasumarthy-Adjerid (RPA) model (implemented in the INTEGRATION software) outperforms the Gipps (AIMSUM), Fritzsche (PARAMICS) and Wiedemann (VISSIM) models in generating accurate VSP distributions and fuel consumption and emission estimates. This demonstrates the advantage of the INTEGRATION model over the other three simulation models for energy and environmental analysis. A new eco-routing model, comprehensively considering microscopic characteristics, is then developed, followed by a numerical experiment to test the benefit of the model. With the resulting eco-routing model, an on-road vehicle dynamic eco-routing system is constructed for in-vehicle navigation applications, and tested for different congestion levels. The results of the study demonstrate that the proposed eco-routing model is able to generate reasonable routing suggestions based on real-time information while at the same time differentiate eco-routes between vehicle models. It is also found that the proposed dynamic eco-routing system achieves lower network-wide energy consumption levels compared to the traditional eco-routing and travel time routing at all congestion levels. The results also demonstrate that the conventional fuel savings relative to the travel time routing decrease with the increasing congestion level; however, the electric power savings do not monotonically vary with congestion level. Furthermore, the energy savings relative to the traditional eco-routing are also not monotonically related to congestion level. In addition, network configuration is demonstrated to significantly affect eco-routing benefits. The dissertation finally investigates the potential to influence driver behavior by studying the impact of information on route choice behavior based on a real world experiment. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the effectiveness of information in routing rationality depends upon the traveler's age, preferences, route characteristics, and information type. Specifically, information effect is less evident for elder travelers. Also, the provided information may not be contributing if travelers value other considerations or one route significantly outperforms the others. The results also demonstrate that, when travelers have limited experiences, strict information is more effective than variability information, and tha", "keywords": [ "Modal", "Energy consumption", "Development (topology)", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Materials science", "Mathematics", "Electrical engineering", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/10919/78624/1/Wang_J_D_2017.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2909286913", "doi": "10.1007/s10288-018-0396-0", "title": "A comparative study of labeling algorithms within the branch-and-price framework for vehicle routing with time windows", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-01-07", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Stefano Michelini" ], "first_author": "Stefano Michelini", "venue": "4OR", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/227844" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4412036802", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5212857", "title": "An Alternative Last-Mile Delivery System: Leveraging Microhubs and Crowdshipping", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Amir Shafiee", "Hanieh Rastegar Moghaddam Bajestani", "Sudheer Ballare", "Jane Lin" ], "first_author": "Amir Shafiee", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Mile", "Last mile (transportation)", "Computer science", "Business", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5212857" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W654052257", "doi": null, "title": "ITS BASED DYNAMIC VEHICLE ROUTING AND SCHEDULING", "year": 2001, "publication_date": "2001-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "E Taniguchi", "Tadashi YAMADA", "M Tamaishi" ], "first_author": "E Taniguchi", "venue": "8th World Congress on Intelligent Transport SystemsITS America, ITS Australia, ERTICO (Intelligent Transport Systems and Services - Europe)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper focuses on vehicle routing and scheduling procedures using advanced information systems in urban areas. Freight carriers have depots and their pickup/delivery trucks depart from the depot and visit customers with designated time windows for collecting or delivering goods and return to the depot. This paper presents a dynamic vehicle routing and scheduling model with real time traffic information, in particular variable travel times on roads. The uncertainty of travel times effects the identification of the optimal routes and schedules of pickup/delivery trucks on very congested urban roads. Recently the implementation of advanced information systems allows freight carriers to use historical and real-time travel time data on urban roads. This paper develops a model to quantify the benefits of considering the uncertainty of travel times in order to rationalize logistics systems and reduce the negative impacts of goods movement on the environment.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Vehicle routing problem", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Transport engineering", "City logistics", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Pickup", "Travel time", "Operations research", "Variable (mathematics)", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/682586" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2560429762", "doi": null, "title": "Dispersion of PGU-14 ammunition during air strikes by combat aircrafts A-10 near urban areas", "year": 2010, "publication_date": "2010-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Berko Zecevic", "Jasmin Terzic", "Alan Ćatović", "Sabina Serdarevic-Kadic" ], "first_author": "Berko Zecevic", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Nineteen air strikes onto seven target locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina were carried out by aircrafts A-10, using ammunition PGU-14. During these air strikes, 10.086 pieces of PGU-14 were fired, strafing such targets as armoured vehicles, trucks and bunkers. Exact locations of targets and PGU-14 ammunition quantity, which were spent for six attacks, are still unknown. But for one target, which was located near Sarajevo at suburb settlement Hadzici it was possible to collect more information. Two targets, an ammunition depot and the tanks and armoured vehicles maintenance facility, were attacked at the Hadzici location. During the five air strikes, 3.400 DU projectiles of PGU-14 ammunition were fired onto these targets. One of the targets was located within the urban part of the settlement, while another one was at suburb part of the settlement. Research points to very large number of unknown locations and uncompleted data on quantity of ammunition PGU-14 that was fired onto individual targets. There is disproportion between points of impact of DU penetrators into hard surfaces and number of located penetrators (ricochet effect), which in longer time period increases health risks for civilian population. Purpose of this paper is to perform an estimation of the dispersion zone with ground-penetrated projectiles PGU-14 using ballistic trajectory simulation for aircraft gun GAU-8/A and ammunition PGU-14 fired from aircraft A-10 and available input data such as aircraft velocity during the air strikes and ballistic performances of projectile PGU-14. In order to obtain final dimension of the hit dispersion pattern, theoretical results are corrected by using a dispersion figure gained from a real combat action. For this purpose, a detailed analysis of video-records (1995-2008 years) of combat actions carried by aircrafts A-10 on area targets without anti-aircraft protection and under conditions of very intensive anti-aircraft fire. Hit probability is determined on the base of US researches, which were performed during 1978 and 1979, in order to simulate attacks on Russian tanks under low attack angles. Based on the estimated number of hits for armoured or other hard targets, it is possible to approximately determine dispersion of PGU-14 ammunition during air strikes in target zone near urban areas.", "keywords": [ "Ammunition", "Engineering", "Projectile", "Settlement (finance)", "Aeronautics", "Population", "Marine engineering", "Aerospace engineering", "Computer science", "Geography", "Physics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jasmin_Terzic/publication/230785663_Dispersion_of_PGU-14_ammunition_during_air_strikes_by_combat_aircrafts_A-10_near_urban_areas/links/09e415045c898615ac000000.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4236249940", "doi": "10.4037/ccn2005.25.6.14-b", "title": "Destination Mississippi", "year": 2005, "publication_date": "2005-12-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Colleen Wyllie" ], "first_author": "Colleen Wyllie", "venue": "Critical Care Nurse", "publisher": "American Association of Critical-Care Nurses", "abstract": "What is a disaster? “Crushing misfortune; a calamity; a terrible accident”—according to Webster’s College Dictionary.1 On August 28, 2005, the Gulf Coast was hit hard by a stage 5 hurricane, Katrina—a natural disaster that has never been seen before by the citizens of the United States. The residents of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama had warnings from the US Weather Service to evacuate. Some responded to this warning, many did not. Interstate 10 was jam packed with motorists who were trying to get out of harms way. The average speed was a “slow crawl” to “a dead stop.” People were desperate, some 9000 fled to the Super Dome. Then the storm hit. Everyone in the country was glued to their televisions, and every channel showed the wind, rain, and water damage (from the broken levy). No one could have been prepared for the extent of the damage Katrina would leave behind.Hourly, we waited to hear from our loved ones. For health reasons my mother was relocating to Pass Christian, Miss. My brother, who has been a Mississippi resident for 2 years, left his 3 children with his in-laws to help my mom move her belongings. He had lost telephone contact with his family in the Gulf Coast. Subsequently, we lost contact with him. Telephone lines, electricity, and water were not functioning. Cellular telephone contact was intermittent. My sister and I decided to make the 2000-mile trek across the country after we had not heard from our family for greater than a day. We had 24 hours to prepare for our journey.Little Company of Mary Hospital-San Pedro (LCM-SP) has been my place of employment for more than 25 years. I have worked in many different departments, including emergency, postanesthesia, general medical-surgical, and hospice. My primary area of expertise is critical care. Needless to say, I know many people who have worked at LCM-SP for as long as I have. The manager of critical care and telemetry, immediately began spreading the word for donations.When we arrived to pick up “some donations,” I was overwhelmed with the concern and generosity for the people in the disaster zone. The staff in every area that I visited gave us cash, checks, and hospital supplies for the hurricane victims. Staff from areas that I did not have time to visit sought me out to give their donations. Our director of nursing, authorized the hospital to give us medical supplies. She came in on her day off to wish us well and pray for our safe journey. Upon recommendation by our critical care director, the medical staff gave a large financial donation. The medical staff administrator came in on her flex day to write me the check. Not to mention the individual physicians who gave personal donations. Father Shigo gave us and the people in the Gulf Coast blessings. An infectious disease nurse made up “Disaster” booklets with FEMA applications for us to distribute to the victims of the hurricane. We loaded all of the supplies into our car.My neighbors were also very generous. They went on shopping sprees to various stores to give us nonperishable food, diapers, propane tanks, paper goods, and basic hygiene items to distribute in Mississippi. Many families also donated cash. Our Bunko group gave me all of the winnings for the month of September.The overwhelming generosity did not stop here. My sister and friends gave us food packages for our personal use while driving the 3-day long trip, as well as gas cans. My sister’s place of employment, Viejas Casino, donated a large sum of money. Golden Acorn Casino gave us 3 cases of brand new t-shirts. Her son permitted us to drive his new truck across the country. We loaded up the truck and started off. First stop was Arizona, in 102°F heat, the mechanic climbed under our truck (it was too heavy for the lifts) to do our oil change. Everywhere we went, people were friendly, polite, and happy to help us with whatever our needs were. Gas prices slowly decreased; the most expensive was in California, the cheapest was in Mississippi, thanks to President Bush. Initially, prices had been $5 per gallon.We hit thunder and lightening storms in Arizona, multiple state troopers in Texas, and increasing heat and humidity as we crossed over to the southern states. At this point, my sister and I had received several cell phone calls from our family. We were at peace that they were physically OK. We did notice the tone in their voices requesting urgent supplies and the need for gas. They had the ability to purchase a generator for their home and were relying on its use to run their refrigerator. Gas may have been cheaper in Mississippi, but not easy to find. Greater than 6-hour waiting lines were not uncommon. Limits on the amount purchased and the inability to fill gas cans existed at most stations.We never got “lost,” but we met a wonderful Navy man in Paris, Tex. He drove us to a short cut that helped us tremendously. Thanks to my son’s “built-in compass” we did not take a wrong turn when we drove through the middle of Mississippi. There are no street lights or signs to let you know what road you are on in Mississippi, which makes it very difficult for nighttime navigation.It took us 3 full days of driving before we reached Pass Christian (west of Gulf Port, Miss). The first thing we noticed when we arrived in Mississippi was the countrywide assistance that was present in full force. We saw hundreds of state electric trucks working from sun up to sun down to restore the power. National guardsmen were on every corner, which was very reassuring to us. We had seen the looting and heard of the violence in the Gulf Coast communities on television and were a little nervous of potential violence.In every parking lot we could see different volunteer organizations setting up to deliver a service to people of Gulf Port and the surrounding communities. At this point, with record-high temperatures, no power, telephone, or water, the survivors of the hurricane were pushed to their limit. Looting had gotten out ", "keywords": [ "Brother", "Misfortune", "Sister", "Hurricane katrina", "Storm", "History", "Law", "Natural disaster", "Meteorology", "Geography", "Political science", "Visual arts" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2005.25.6.14-b" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2695679617", "doi": "10.1299/jsmemmt.2004.5.309", "title": "Dynamic Optimization of Logistics System by Multi-agent system", "year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Toshihiko Mori", "Mitsuru OYABA" ], "first_author": "Toshihiko Mori", "venue": "Seisan Kakou, Kousaku Kikai Bumon Kouenkai kouen rombunshuu/Seisan Kako, Kosaku Kikai Bumon Koenkai", "publisher": "The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers", "abstract": "In order to manufacture highly economical and competitive, not only development of high technology but also logistic system are required. In this research a delivery system which forms a part of a logistic system is optimized by multi-agent system. The main parts of this system are a depot agents group, a delivery truck agents group and a rule agents group. The depot agent grasps the situation of goods to be delivered and requests all truck agents to bring it. The latter agents reply the possibility of practicing the task to the former agent. Finally the depot agent decides the delivery method by using appropriate rules in the rule agents group. This sequence of processes are carried out autonomously.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Order (exchange)", "Computer science", "Multi-agent system", "Task (project management)", "Delivery system", "Operations research", "Operations management", "Engineering", "Business", "Systems engineering", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsmemmt/2004.5/0/2004.5_309/_pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2149412892", "doi": "10.4102/satnt.v27i2.85", "title": "Logistics aspects of pipeline transport in the supply of petroleum products", "year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-09-16", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Wessel J. Pienaar" ], "first_author": "Wessel J. Pienaar", "venue": "Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie", "publisher": "AOSIS", "abstract": "The commercial transportation of crude oil and petroleum products by pipeline is receiving increased attention in South Africa. Transnet Pipeline Transport has recently obtained permission from the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (Nersa) to construct and operate a new petroleum products pipeline of 60 cm diameter from Durban to Gauteng. At an operating speed of 10 km/h the proposed 60 cm Transnet pipeline would be able to deliver 3,54 million litres of petroleum product per hour. This is equivalent to 89 deliveries per hour using road tank vehicles with an average carrying capacity of 40 000 litres of fuel per vehicle. This pipeline throughput is also equivalent to two trains departing per hour, each consisting of 42 petroleum tank wagons with an average carrying capacity of 42 500 litres of fuel per wagon. Considering that such road trucks and rail wagons return empty to the upstream refineries in Durban, it is clear that there is no tenable long-term alternative to pipeline transport:pipeline transport is substantially cheaper than road and rail transport;pipeline transport is much safer than rail and especially road transport; andpipeline transport frees up alternative road and rail transport capacity.Pipeline transport is a non-containerised bulk mode of transport for the carriage of suitable liquids (for example, petroleum commodities, which include crude oil, refined fuel products and liquid petro-chemicals), gas, slurrified coal and certain water-suspended ores and minerals. InSouth Africa, petroleum products account for the majority of commercial pipeline traffic, followed by crude oil and natural gas. There are three basic types of petroleum pipeline transport systems:Gathering pipeline systemsCrude oil trunk pipeline systemsRefined products pipeline systems Collectively, these systems provide a continuous link between extraction, processing, distribution, and wholesalers’ depots in areas of consumption. The following activities are involved in the flow of goods between place of origin and place of consumption or application:Demand forecasting, Facility site selection, Procurement,Materials handling, Packaging, Warehouse management, Inventory management,Order processing, Logistics communications, Transport, Reverse logistics. Because cost is incurred without adding value each time goods are handled (activity 4) at a terminal or storage facility, a primary logistics objective is to eliminate handling wherever possible. With the carriage of crude oil and petroleum products by pipeline this objective is fully met. Commodity intake, haulage, and discharge are combined in one process, usually a remote-controlled operation. Pipeline transport is a non-containerised bulk mode of transport thereby obviating the need for packaging (activity 5) and returning empty containers. Pipelines provide a direct and long-term link between these origins and destinations. If necessary a continuous service can be provided with no need for a return trip or a reverse pumping process (activity 11).The elimination of handling, packaging and reverse logistics activities contribute substantially to the high measure of economies of scale that pipeline transport enjoys. The article provides adscription of each of the eleven logistics activities in the context of pipeline transport. Effective logistics service is a prerequisite to help ensure that customers receive the required products at the desired quality and quantity, where and when needed. The most pertinent determinants of logistics service performance aresuitability, accessibility, goods security, transit time, reliability and flexibility. The article offers a discussion of the extent to which pipeline transport conforms to each of these measures of effectiveness.", "keywords": [ "Petroleum", "Petroleum product", "Pipeline transport", "Pipeline (software)", "Truck", "Crude oil", "Environmental science", "Waste management", "Oil refinery", "Petroleum engineering", "Engineering", "Environmental engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journals.satnt.aosis.co.za/index.php/satnt/article/download/85/71" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2581424765", "doi": "10.18174/344124", "title": "Decision support modeling for sustainable food logistics management", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mehmet Soysal" ], "first_author": "Mehmet Soysal", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Summary For the last two decades, food logistics systems have seen the transition from traditional Logistics Management (LM) to Food Logistics Management (FLM), and successively, to Sustainable Food Logistics Management (SFLM). Accordingly, food industry has been subject to the recent challenges of reducing the amount of food waste and raising energy efficiency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These additional challenges add to the complexity of logistics operations and require advanced decision support models which can be used by decision makers to develop more sustainable food logistics systems in practice. Hence, the overall objective of this thesis was to obtain insight in how to improve the sustainability performance of food logistics systems by developing decision support models that can address the concerns for transportation energy use and consequently carbon emissions, and/or product waste, while also adhering to competitiveness. In line with this overall objective, we have defined five research objectives. The first research objective (RO), which is to identify key logistical aims, analyse available quantitative models and point out modelling challenges in SFLM, is investigated in Chapter 2. In this chapter, key logistical aims in LM, FLM and SFLM phases are identified, and available quantitative models are analysed to point out modelling challenges in SFLM. A literature review on quantitative studies is conducted and also qualitative studies are consulted to better understand the key logistical aims and to identify the relevant system scope issues. The main findings of the literature review indicate that (i) most studies rely on a completely deterministic environment, (ii) the food waste challenge in logistics has not received sufficient attention, (iii) traveled distance is often used as a single indicator to estimate related transportation cost and emissions, and (iv) most studies propose single objective models for the food logistics problems. This chapter concludes that new and advanced quantitative models are needed that take specific SFLM requirements from practice into consideration to support business decisions and capture food supply chain dynamics. These findings motivated us to work on the following research objectives RO2, RO3, RO4 and RO5. RO2, which is to analyse the relationship between economic (cost) and environmental (transportation carbon emissions) performance in a network problem of a perishable product, is investigated in Chapter 3. This chapter presents a multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) model for a generic beef logistics network problem. The objectives of the model are (i) minimizing total logistics cost and (ii) minimizing total amount of greenhouse gas emissions from transportation operations. The model is solved using the e-constraint method. This study breaks away from the literature on logistics network models by simultaneously considering transportation emissions (affected by road structure, vehicle and fuel types, weight loads of vehicles, traveled distances), return hauls and product perishability in a MOLP model. We present computational results and analyses based on the application of the model to a real-life international beef logistics chain operating in Nova Andradina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and exporting beef to the European Union. Trade-off relationships between multiple objectives are observed by the derived Pareto frontier that presents the cost of being sustainable from the point of reducing transportation emissions. The results indicate the importance of distances between actors in terms of environmental impact. Moreover, sensitivity analysis on important practical parameters show that export ports' capacities put pressure on the logistics system; decreasing fuel efficiency due to the bad infrastructure has negative effects on cost and emissions; and green tax incentives result in economic and environmental improvement. RO3, which is to investigate the performance implications of accommodating explicit transportation energy use and traffic congestion concerns in a two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem (2E-CVRP), is investigated in Chapter 4. The multi-echelon distribution strategy in which freight is delivered to customers via intermediate depots rather than using direct shipments is an increasingly popular strategy in urban logistics. Its popularity is primarily due to the fact that it alleviates the environmental (e.g., energy usage and congestion) and social (e.g., traffic-related air pollution, accidents and noise) consequences of logistics operations. This chapter presents a comprehensive mixed integer linear programming formulation for a time-dependent 2E-CVRP that accounts for vehicle type, traveled distance, vehicle speed, load, multiple time zones and emissions. A case study in a supermarket chain operating in the Netherlands shows the applicability of the model to a real-life problem. Several versions of the model, each differing with respect to the objective function, are tested to produce a number of selected Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) relevant to distance, time, fuel consumption and cost. This chapter offers insight in the economies of environmentally-friendly vehicle routing in two-echelon distribution systems. The results suggest that an environmentally-friendly solution is obtained from the use of a two-echelon distribution system, whereas a single-echelon distribution system provides the least-cost solution. RO4, which is to investigate the performance implications of accommodating explicit transportation energy use, product waste and demand uncertainty concerns in an inventory routing problem (IRP), is investigated in Chapter 5. Traditional assumptions of constant distribution costs between nodes, unlimited product shelf life and deterministic demand used in the IRP literature restrict the usefulness of the proposed models in current food logistics systems. From this point of view, o", "keywords": [ "Scope (computer science)", "Sustainability", "Greenhouse gas", "Decision support system", "Business", "Product (mathematics)", "Process management", "Risk analysis (engineering)", "Environmental economics", "Computer science", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 14, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://edepot.wur.nl/344124" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4406467894", "doi": "10.37090/indstrk.v9i1.1752", "title": "Optimasi Logistic Cost dari Perusahaan Crossdock Menggunakan Pendekatan Linear Programming dengan Permintaan Stokastik", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-15", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Deri Maryadi" ], "first_author": "Deri Maryadi", "venue": "Industrika Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Efficiency within a company must be enhanced to maintain competitiveness and business sustainability, particularly in logistics firms. In logistics processes, minimizing costs is a critical indicator of operational efficiency. This study applies optimization through linear programming to a cross-dock company characterized by fluctuating demand, focusing on a fast-moving product. The analysis begins by calculating the minimum and maximum demand based on twice the standard deviation from the mean, followed by determining the optimal scenarios for each depot. The results indicate that, for the eight depots, the majority of the truck selection involved using single-axle trucks. Consequently, the total cost from the first to the seventh week was Rp. 1,785,000,000, while the LP simulation results indicated a total cost of Rp. 1,214,000,000, representing a potential cost saving of Rp. 554,000,000. Keywords: Cross-Dock, Linear Programming, Logistic Cost, Optimization", "keywords": [ "Mathematics", "Business", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/indstrk/article/download/1752/1074" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4385622558", "doi": "10.1201/9781003261513-12", "title": "Environmental sustainability", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-08-07", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Eiichi Taniguchi", "Russell George Thompson", "Ali Gul Qureshi" ], "first_author": "Eiichi Taniguchi", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Chapter 10 presents environmental sustainability in city logistics. It describes case studies on the joint delivery systems using urban consolidation centres (UCC) in Tokyo, Japan. It focuses on the effectiveness of the pooling of goods and the integration of UCC in the joint delivery systems to reduce the distance travelled by trucks as well as the environmental impacts. It addresses cargo bikes or electric assisted cargo bikes, which can reduce GHG (Green House Gas) and local emissions, but they need micro depots or satellite facilities to transship goods from delivery trucks or vans to cargo bikes.", "keywords": [ "Sustainability", "Environmental science", "Ecology", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003261513-12" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4244940715", "doi": "10.1017/s0954422407764521", "title": "Editorial", "year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-06-01", "type": "editorial", "language": "es", "authors": [ "David Andrew Bender" ], "first_author": "David Andrew Bender", "venue": "Nutrition Research Reviews", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "abstract": "As Nutrition Research Reviews achieves its 20th anniversary it is pleasing to report that the impact factor has now broken above 2•0, and last year was 2•053, placing it well into the upper half of nutrition and food science journals.I think that this issue contains a collection of similarly interesting and citeable papers.Previous issues of this journal have contained detailed reviews showing that topics such as amino acid availability 1 and glycaemic index 2 , which merit at most a short paragraph in most textbooks, are considerably more complex than they appear.Rutherford & Moughan 3 return to the problems of amino acid availability in this issue, concentrating on just one amino acid, lysine.In human diets based largely on cereals lysine may be the limiting amino acid, and for pigs and poultry it usually is.This means that, especially in formulation of diets for livestock, it is important to know how much of the lysine that is present in the diet is available to the animal for tissue protein synthesis -and indeed to define what we mean by availability; the method of determination will affect the results.The problem is that lysine that has undergone reaction at the e-amino group (for example, with carbohydrates, especially after heating the foodstuff) is not available for digestion and absorption.Rutherford & Moughan 3 discuss the problems with various chemical and biological methods of assay, ending with a description of a technique that they have developed to measure true lysine availability by combining determination of chemically reactive lysine with measurement of ileal digestibility.Those of us raised on tales of the old American west may believe that cattle going to slaughter still walk sedately across miles of prairie land, grazing contentedly en route; those of us old enough will remember when, at least in Europe, butchers slaughtered locally raised animals, then dressed and sold the carcasses locally.On a very small scale this still happens; my local farmer advertises by leaflet in the town when he is about to slaughter his pigs.However, most meat is now bought from supermarkets, and quite apart from the 'food miles' travelled by the packaged meat between processing station, central depot and supermarket, the animals have to be transported, often considerable distances, from farm to slaughterhouse.They no longer walk through pastureland, but are transported by lorry, sometimes with journeys lasting several days.Hogan et al. 4 note that it is usual to deprive animals of food and water for up to about 12 h before transportation, and throughout the journey.The aim of this prolonged fasting is to minimise the load of digesta in the animals' gut, and so reduce fouling of other animals, the trucks and roads, and minimise the risk of faecal contamination of the carcass.However, to me it sounds as stressful as leaving home without breakfast to take a long-haul flight on one of the worst budget airlines.So it is for the animals as well.There may well be changes in rumen", "keywords": [ "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/516BD600CFD0E58915A4B34D8B0098A1/S0954422407764521a.pdf/div-class-title-editorial-div.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2070709988", "doi": "10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03327.x", "title": "Further confirmation of the relevance of cockroach and dust mite sensitization to inner‐city asthma morbidity", "year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-07-23", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Matthew S. Perzanowski", "Thomas A.E. Platts‐Mills" ], "first_author": "Matthew S. Perzanowski", "venue": "Clinical & Experimental Allergy", "publisher": "Wiley", "abstract": "Inner-city populations bare a disproportionate burden of asthma morbidity in the United States [1]. In these communities, allergens from cockroaches, mice and sometimes dust mites are common sensitizers, sensitization to these pests is strongly associated with asthma symptoms, and exposure to these allergens in the home is associated with asthma exacerbations [2–4]. In the current issue, Wang et al. have further demonstrated in a population of asthmatic children living in several inner-city communities in the United States that having specific IgE antibodies to cockroaches and dust mites was associated with an increased risk for asthma hospitalizations and corticosteroid use [5]. They found a linear association between these health outcomes and both the presence and titre of allergen specific IgE with no obvious cut-off value, further reinforcing the importance of cockroach and dust mite specific IgE antibodies to inner-city asthma. While the differences in asthma prevalence among inner-city communities and their suburban and rural US counterparts are striking, equally remarkable is the difference in asthma prevalence among the urban inner-city and higher socio-economic status communities in the same cities. For example, a report by the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) found that close to one in five children living in East Harlem had a report of asthma at the age 4–5 years (1). This prevalence was higher than that of the overall United States. Even more striking, it was also three times higher than the prevalence in the neighbourhood that borders it, the Upper East Side. Clearly, differences in socio-economic determinants and access to health care can explain part of the differences in disease management and consequently, hospitalization rates. However, the explanation for the difference in prevalence of asthma, given the current theories for the cause of the increase in asthma, must be more complex than access to health care alone and more likely points to environmental exposures as causative. In addition, a substantial component of the outdoor air pollution in dense urban environments, like NYC, comes from sources outside of the city (i.e. carried by weather patterns) and therefore is also unlikely to be the sole cause for the large difference in asthma risk among children living just city blocks apart. However, the distribution of local combustion byproduct sources like major roadways, truck routes and bus depots are not evenly distributed in urban settings. Other hypothesized and observed differences include those in physical activity, race, socio-cultural and socio-economic factors and even the density of street trees [6–8]. The 'hygiene hypothesis' is unlikely to explain the asthma epidemic in NYC inner-city communities, but neighbourhood differences in endotoxin exposure have been observed [9] and endotoxin has been shown to be relevant to early respiratory symptoms and allergic outcomes in several urban cohorts [9–11]. Given the strong association between cockroach and dust mite sensitization and asthma exacerbations in inner-city communities [2], exposure to these allergens offers one potential explanation for the differences in asthma prevalence within urban settings. Sensitization to mouse allergen has also been shown to be common [3]. In our studies in low-income urban populations in NYC, we have demonstrated high levels of both cockroach and mouse allergens in the homes of children living in high asthma prevalence neighbourhoods [4]. However, we observed geographical variability in mouse allergen by neighbourhood suggesting that asthma triggers may vary by neighbourhood. In these same children, we have demonstrated the importance of sensitization to cockroach and mouse allergens, which were associated with respiratory symptoms in children as young as 2–3 years old [12]. Children with higher cockroach allergens in their bed dust had a greater risk for being sensitized to cockroach [13]. The NYC DOHMH observed differences in reported domestic sightings of cockroaches and mice that varied by income and race/ethnicity and correlated with asthma prevalence [14]. Preliminary findings from an ongoing study at Columbia University indicate significantly higher cockroach and mouse allergens in the bed dust of children living in neighbourhoods with high asthma prevalence as compared with those where asthma prevalence is low. As Wang et al. discussed, exposure to allergens outside of the home is also likely to be important. Schools are an important location for exposure to cat allergens [15] and the relevance of allergen exposure in the schools was elegantly demonstrated by Almqvist et al. in Sweden, who found that upon returning to classrooms after summer vacation, cat allergic children had a reduction in lung function if the classrooms had moderate levels of cat allergen [16]. While cat allergen appears to be relevant to inner-city asthma [17], schools may also be an important site for cockroach and mouse allergen exposure. Both cockroach and mouse allergens have been found to be common in inner-city schools [18, 19]. Exposure to these allergens outside of the home in schools and in other homes (e.g. grandma's home) may confound studies testing the relevance of domestic allergen exposure and interfere with the efficacy of allergen intervention trials. One aspect of the findings by Wang et al. that was difficult to understand was the observation of associations between sensitization and acute visits for asthma and medication use, but not between sensitization and frequency of wheeze or missed school days. One possible reason is that wheeze was reported only for 2 weeks, while corticosteroid use and hospitalizations were reported for 3 months and 1 year, respectively. Also, hospitalizations for asthma are the consequence not only of asthma symptoms, but also of access and proper use of medical resources. An important consideration when using hospitali", "keywords": [ "Asthma", "Medicine", "Environmental health", "Aeroallergen", "Cockroach", "Mite", "Inner city", "Immunoglobulin E", "Population", "Immunology", "Allergen", "House dust mite" ], "cited_by_count": 20, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03327.x" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W636257950", "doi": "10.1080/03081068408717259", "title": "A model of managers’ preferences for location of freight facilities", "year": 1984, "publication_date": "1984-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kenneth W. Ogden", "William H. L. Young" ], "first_author": "Kenneth W. Ogden", "venue": "Transportation Planning and Technology", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "abstract": "The paper reviews the need for a better understanding of the factors which affect the location of freight facilities, such as depots, terminals, freight forwarding centres, distribution centres, etc. The development of an Elimination by Aspects (EBA) model to analyse such location decisions by the managers of freight firms is described. The results are shown to be comparable (perhaps even superior to) those obtained with a logit model. Conclusions are drawn with respect to both the use of the EBA model to analyse freight facility location preference, and the factors which affect such preference. Five factors were found to be significant: closeness to existing customers, closeness to arterial roads, availability of suitable sites, cost of truck fleet operation, and closeness to labor.", "keywords": [ "Closeness", "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Nested logit", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Operations research", "Computer science", "Econometrics", "Engineering", "Economics", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/03081068408717259" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163670267", "doi": "10.1016/j.trpro.2026.04.027", "title": "Electrifying Saudi Road Freight: A Total-Cost-of-Ownership based Optimization Analysis", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yujia Zhai", "Irfanullah Khan", "Muhammad Tayyab" ], "first_author": "Yujia Zhai", "venue": "Transportation research procedia", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "This study assesses when and where battery electric trucks can economically replace diesel trucks in Saudi Arabia’s road freight sector under Vision 2030. A Saudi specific total cost of ownership model is developed using local fuel prices, electricity tariffs, duty cycles, and grid carbon intensity, and extended with a cost minimization prototype that internalizes emissions through an internal carbon price. The analysis covers medium duty urban and regional fleets and heavy duty long haul operations, with robustness tested through Monte Carlo simulations that vary energy prices, grid emissions, and policy shocks. Results show that medium duty battery electric trucks operating in depot based fleets are already cost competitive under current industrial electricity tariffs, with managed charging strengthening this advantage. Heavy duty long haul trucks remain cost positive but approach parity when the diesel to electricity price ratio widens or standardized corridor charging is available. Across scenarios, relative energy prices dominate cost outcomes, while carbon pricing and grid decarbonization primarily affect emissions. The findings support a phased electrification strategy prioritizing medium duty fleets and targeted heavy duty pilots.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Electrification", "Electricity", "Diesel fuel", "Heavy duty", "Grid", "Greenhouse gas", "Total cost of ownership" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2026.04.027" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3093269361", "doi": null, "title": "대구지역 택배서비스업 종사자의 디젤엔진배출물 노출 평가", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "ko", "authors": [ "이가현", "김승원" ], "first_author": "이가현", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Objectives: This study evaluated the diesel engine exhaust (DEE) exposure levels of door-to-door deliverers in Daegu from July to September.\r\nMethods: We measured exposure levels of DEE surrogates for the same door-to-door deliverers who joined the particulate matter 2.5 exposure study previously published in this journal. Black carbon(BC) concentrations were measured using real-time BC monitoring devices with 1 minute interval. NO2 concentrations were monitored using passive badges. DEE exposure data were analyzed using the same characteristics and GPS information as the first study\r\nResults: A total of 40 measurements of BC concentrations and NO2 concentrations were collected during delivery of parcels. The average exposure levels to BC, and NO2 were 2.23 μg/m3(0.001―350.85 μg/m3) and 21.26 ppb(3.3―61.37 ppb), respectively. Exposure levels to BC according to the day of a week and coverage areas were not significantly different(p>0.05). Delivery trucks manufactured before 2006 caused significantly higher exposure to BC than the trucks manufactured after 2006(p<0.05). Exposure levels of BC integrated for each time in residential area and roadsides were 1.96 μg/m3 and 3.46 μg/m3, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficients between the ambient PM2.5 and BC was significant, r=0.26(p<0.01); however, the correlations between PM2.5 and ambient PM2.5, and between BC of DEE and PM2.5 of DEE did not show a significant correlation\r\nConclusions: BC and NO2 exposure levels were significantly lower when door-to-door deliverers drove newer trucks. BC exposure levels of deliverers were higher in roadsides than in residential area. DEE from nearby vehicles through open windows might be the main source of BC exposure.", "keywords": [ "Significant difference", "Animal science", "Medicine", "Environmental science", "Internal medicine" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://kiss.kstudy.com/thesis/thesis-view.asp?key=3568963" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161792226", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-032-16883-2_48", "title": "Logistics of Perishable Goods via Existing Transport Infrastructure", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ali Abbasov", "Sadig Gurbanov", "Adalat Pashayev", "Elkhan Sabziev", "Ulviyya Goyushova" ], "first_author": "Ali Abbasov", "venue": "Lecture notes in networks and systems", "publisher": "Springer International Publishing", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Supply chain", "Production (economics)", "Humanitarian Logistics", "Work (physics)", "Government (linguistics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-16883-2_48" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4403324496", "doi": "10.2172/2448596", "title": "Analysis of Electric Heavy-Duty Driving and Infrastructure Requirements", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-09-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Marcus Alexander", "USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)", "Brennan Borlaug", "Elizabeth Stoneham Kalubowila" ], "first_author": "Marcus Alexander", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The analysis discussed in this report was performed as part of DOE award DE-EE0009232 to model the effects of charging Heavy Duty Battery Electric Trucks (HDBETs) on the grid.This project combines best in class freight modeling by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) with advanced distribution modeling by EPRI using detailed data from Xcel Energy and Salt River Project to analyze the effects of depot charging and utility-grade transmission modeling by Tri-State Transmission and Generation Association Inc. to analyze the effects of enroute charging.", "keywords": [ "Heavy duty", "Duty", "Business", "Automotive engineering", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2172/2448596" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171725620", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.21676317", "title": "Identifying Decayed Fruits And Vegetables From Large Food Retailers Utilizing Machine Learning And Deep Learning, And Transforming Them Into Biogas", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-29", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Sumbul Alam" ], "first_author": "Sumbul Alam", "venue": "International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Trends", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Food waste management is a contemporary global issue. According to UNDP, food waste constitutes 40-51% of the waste in the Kingdom, followed by paper, cardboard, plastics, and other materials. Consequently, an effective waste segregation system is essential to address this problem. This research proposal aims to develop a mechanism for the segregation of decayed fruits and vegetables from the shelves, storage, and inventories of retailers such as Hyper Panda, Carrefour , and Lulu hypermarkets, utilising a hybrid machine learning algorithm comprising Linear SVM and PCA, alongside YOLO for real-time detection. Following segregation, this organic waste may be transported to a biorefinery where, using anaerobic digestion technology, it can be turned into methane gas. Currently, the door-to-door accessibility of processed foods, consumer products, and groceries is in great demand. Consequently, this methane gas may be utilised by their own delivery trucks and vehicles, so minimising food waste reduction in retail, promoting energy sustainability, and decreasing pollution.", "keywords": [ "Food waste", "Biogas", "Biorefinery", "Anaerobic digestion", "Truck", "Biodegradable waste", "Methane", "Food products" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21676317" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171727126", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.21676316", "title": "Identifying Decayed Fruits And Vegetables From Large Food Retailers Utilizing Machine Learning And Deep Learning, And Transforming Them Into Biogas", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-29", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Sumbul Alam" ], "first_author": "Sumbul Alam", "venue": "International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Trends", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Food waste management is a contemporary global issue. According to UNDP, food waste constitutes 40-51% of the waste in the Kingdom, followed by paper, cardboard, plastics, and other materials. Consequently, an effective waste segregation system is essential to address this problem. This research proposal aims to develop a mechanism for the segregation of decayed fruits and vegetables from the shelves, storage, and inventories of retailers such as Hyper Panda, Carrefour , and Lulu hypermarkets, utilising a hybrid machine learning algorithm comprising Linear SVM and PCA, alongside YOLO for real-time detection. Following segregation, this organic waste may be transported to a biorefinery where, using anaerobic digestion technology, it can be turned into methane gas. Currently, the door-to-door accessibility of processed foods, consumer products, and groceries is in great demand. Consequently, this methane gas may be utilised by their own delivery trucks and vehicles, so minimising food waste reduction in retail, promoting energy sustainability, and decreasing pollution.", "keywords": [ "Food waste", "Biogas", "Biorefinery", "Anaerobic digestion", "Truck", "Biodegradable waste", "Methane", "Food products" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21676316" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4251973142", "doi": "10.2523/73841-ms", "title": "Waste Recycling Initiatives in an Exploration and Production Company in Nigeria", "year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-03-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "C. I. Ozumba", "T.E.T. Benebo" ], "first_author": "C. I. Ozumba", "venue": "Proceedings of SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Waste Recycling Initiatives in an Exploration and Production Company in Nigeria C.I. Ozumba; C.I. Ozumba Shell Petroleum Development Company Ltd. Port Harcourt Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar T.E.T. Benebo T.E.T. Benebo Shell Petroleum Development Company Ltd. Port Harcourt Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, March 2002. Paper Number: SPE-73841-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/73841-MS Published: March 20 2002 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Ozumba, C.I., and T.E.T. Benebo. \"Waste Recycling Initiatives in an Exploration and Production Company in Nigeria.\" Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, March 2002. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/73841-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability Search Advanced Search AbstractThe Oil and Gas Exploration and Production activities in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria (West Africa) are mostly carried out by a number of multinational companies. The Niger Delta is largely underdeveloped and has limited basic infrastructure such as electricity and good roads. As a result of the large operational area (more than 31,000 square kilometers), these companies use large amounts of transportation equipment (helicopters, cars, buses, trucks, sea trucks, boats, etc.), generators, computers and personnel, etc. Their operations, therefore, result in the abundance of gaseous, liquid and solid wastes such as lube oils, papers, printer cartridges, food wastes, glass, batteries, tyres, associated gas, drill mud and cuttings, produced water etc.In recent times, environmental management especially waste management has gained relevance in most of these companies in Nigeria as in other Exploration and Production companies worldwide. These companies currently make huge efforts to mitigate the associated impact of their discharges to the environment. These efforts have been geared towards putting in place systems that are suitable for minimizing the avoidable components and ensuring that final disposal or discharge conditions have very minimal potential impact on the environment.As part of its efforts to manage solid wastes, the largest operating company in the Niger Delta has built an engineered dumpsite and a composting plant, in its Western operational division and Waste-Recycling Depots in both the Eastern and Western operating divisions. She is also currently engaged in efforts to build a modern Integrated Waste Management Facility and an engineered sanitary Landfill in both her Eastern and Western divisions respectively.Market surveys conducted by this operator revealed that a market exists for some of the waste products. Agreements were thus reached with some Nigerian local industries for the re-cycling of the waste paper, printer cartridges, tyres, scrap metals, plastics and food waste while vendors are still being sourced for other waste streams. Cost savings and revenue generated by this company presently from waste recycling are estimated at over $100, 000 per year, though the emphasis remains on mitigation of the impact that would otherwise happen if the materials were not recycled.This paper highlights the waste recycling initiatives in the largest operating company in the Niger Delta and the plans of this operator for waste management in the future.IntroductionShell operates in Nigeria as Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited (SPDC). SPDC operates an upstream Exploration and Production on behalf of a joint venture with the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Shell, Totalfina/Elf and Nigerian Agip Oil Company (NAOC). SPDC operations are concentrated in the Niger Delta (subdivided into Eastern and Western divisions) and the adjoining Shallow Offshore, covering an expanse of over 31,000 square kilometres. SPDC has more than 1,000 producing oil wells, flowlines and pipelines covering over 6,000 kilometers. There are 87 flowstations, eight gas plants and 2 terminals. She produces ca 900,000 barrels of oil per day and ca 600mmscf of gas daily. Keywords: waste recycling initiative, nigeria, spdc, management facility, upstream oil & gas, tyre, operation, waste management, battery, spe 73841 Subjects: Environment, Waste management This content is only available via PDF. 2002. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.", "keywords": [ "Business", "Petroleum industry", "Production (economics)", "Engineering", "Economics", "Environmental engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2523/73841-ms" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4388493111", "doi": "10.32628/ijsrset23103221", "title": "E-CARGO BICYCLE", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-09-10", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mr. J. Gnanaraj", "M Narasimman", "R Praveen", "Samuel Edison A" ], "first_author": "Mr. J. Gnanaraj", "venue": "International Journal of Scientific Research in Science Engineering and Technology", "publisher": "Technoscience Academy", "abstract": "The previous year's research offered a model for forecasting parcel demand and simulating parcel delivery tours utilizing cargo bicycles. This year, the concept has been upgraded to include new components that improve the efficiency and sustainability of the cargo bicycle system.One of the newly additional components is the battery, which powers the cargo bicycle's engine. This allows the cyclist to go longer distances and carry larger weights while exerting less physical effort. The motor is controlled by a throttle, which allows the rider to modify the pace of the cargo bicycle as needed.Another new addition is the solar power tracker, which uses the power of the sun to replenish the battery when the cargo bicycle is parked or in use. This eliminates the need for external charging sources while also promoting sustainability through the use of renewable energy sources.The revised research highlights the benefits of employing cargo bicycles in urban delivery systems by modeling alternative shares of cargo bicycles and motorized vans, as well as changing micro depot densities and parcel demand intensities. According to the study, the newly added components improve the cargo bicycle system's efficiency and sustainability, making it a viable alternative to motorized delivery trucks in metropolitan settings.Overall, the new project is useful for urban planners and politicians interested in supporting sustainable mobility options. It demonstrates the use of cargo bicycles, particularly when integrated with cutting- edge technologies such as batteries, motors, throttles, and solar power trackers.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Truck", "Sustainability", "Air cargo", "Metropolitan area", "Sustainable transport", "Renewable energy", "Battery (electricity)", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering", "Power (physics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ijsrset.com/paper/9380.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3204263653", "doi": null, "title": "KAJIAN POLA ANGKUT DAN KELOLA SAMPAHDARI SUMBER SAMPAH HINGGA TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR(Studi Kasus di Universitas Gadjah Mada)", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "id", "authors": [ "Walyono", "Dic. Ir. Sri Puji Saraswati" ], "first_author": "Walyono", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "-\n\nGadjah Mada University with 44.000 students, 2.500 lectures, 3.500 employers, 250 units houses and 155 he open area width, is potentially produce a lot of solid waste. In order to reach a World Class Research University and educopolis campus, it is needed a clean, healthy and pleasant environment. In fact it is still often found garbage that has not managed, well not yet been collected, transported and yet there is still stockpiling and burning rubbish openly. This research is a study of the volume of waste generation as a whole and the pattern began to haul garbage from the source to the final disposal site (TPA) to get a more tangible as the basis for the preparation of better management. Primary data obtained through direct observation and research with observational techniques (check list), interviews, surveys and measurements, conducted between July 2010 until November 2010. Generation data obtained from surveys based on SNI M and SNI 19-3964-1994 36-1991-03. Transport data was obtained by following the vehicle travels from the garage up to the landfill, and back to the garage. While the secondary data includes the number of students, lectures, employers, and the number of population in the residents, the study area, placement, collection, transportation, and labors. Data analysis was performed based on the applicable regulations and standards, relevant theories, and Tchobanoglous formulas (1993) of solid waste management. From the study, obtained results for students waste 0.163 liters/person/day, lecturer 0.267 liters/person/day, and employees of 0.998 liters/person/day. Street sweeping waste 0.54 liters/m/day, open space 0.040 liters/m2/day, and the generation in residential 3.18 liters/person/day. Based on these data, obtained estimates of the potential for waste generation as a whole up to 46 m 3 /day, which consists of campus population non-organic waste of 4.9 m 3 /day, 6.2 m 3 /day campus organic waste, waste from the open land (vegetation) 25 , 8 m 3 /day and 3.4 m 3 /day waste street sweeping, and trash from residential 6.4 m 3 /day. From this potential it was reduced by 38% for the population waste, so the total volume of the generation that should be administered approximately 41 m 3 /day. Currently underserved waste 28 m 3 /day (68%), in a way transported to the Piyungan landfill using 3 trucks with a capacity of 7 m 3 , one open cup vehicle with capacity of 2 m 3 , and there is a small part of composted in place. The results of existing transport conditions pattern obtained the average time took for one trip is 3.95 hours /vehicles /day (total of 3 trips/day). While the work time required to reach 100% of service plans with the communal transport pattern through 13 depots (including housing) and the final destination is the Piyungan landfill for non-organic waste and Berbah LDUS for organic waste, required a total of 4 to 5 trip/day, with 3.24 hours of working time for one trip to 7.24 hours for 2 trips and being served by three vehicles that already exist. If desired a one trip/day vehicle operation (total of 4 trips/day), it can be fulfilled by 4 vehicles, with an average working time 3 hours/day, as well as necessary a tank tall modifications to raise the vehicle capacity.", "keywords": [ "Garbage", "Municipal solid waste", "Population", "Data collection", "Engineering", "Garbage collection", "Geography", "Transport engineering", "Environmental science", "Waste management", "Environmental health", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/54607" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7152683953", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6348958", "title": "Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicle Charging Scheduling at Community Charging Hubs", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Alexander S. Rose", "Ulrich Kalex", "Stefan Spinler" ], "first_author": "Alexander S. Rose", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Electrification", "Software deployment", "Truck", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Electricity", "Grid", "Electric vehicle", "Profit (economics)", "Linear programming" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6348958" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3093869920", "doi": null, "title": "GPS를 이용한 택배서비스업 근로자의 미세먼지 노출 평가", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "ko", "authors": [ "이가현", "김승원" ], "first_author": "이가현", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels of door-to-door deliverers to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Another objective was to confirm the general working patterns of door-to-door deliverers via survey. Methods: In the city of Daegu, ten door-to-door deliverers who wished to join the study were recruited. The general working characteristics of door-to-door deliverers were surveyed using self-reported questionnaires. In the cabin of each car driven by a deliverer, a real-time PM2.5 sampler (Sidepak, Model AM510, TSI Inc., MN, USA) and a GPS device (GPS 741, Ascen, Korea) were installed. Each deliverer was monitored for four days per week so that each day could be monitored at least four times. Results: A total of 40 measurements of PM2.5 concentrations were taken during delivery of parcels. The average exposure levels of door-to-door deliverers to PM2.5 was 44.62 μg/㎥ (7-9443 μg/㎥). Exposure levels to PM2.5 according to the day of the week and coverage areas were not significantly different (p>0.05). Door-to-door deliverers using trucks with older diesel engines manufactured before 2006 had significantly higher exposure levels to PM2.5 than in the case of trucks with diesel engines manufactured after 2006 (p<0.05). Many of the door-to-door deliverers reported the status of having windows open during the delivery task. During delivery services, the working hours spent in residential areas were higher than on roadsides, but exposure levels to PM2.5 in residential areas and on roadsides were 46.17 μg/㎥ and 49.90 μg/㎥, respectively. Real-time PM2.5 exposure levels were significantly different between roadways and residential areas (p<0.001). Conclusions: PM2.5 exposure levels of door-to-door deliverers were found to be affected by higher vehicle emissions from the roadsides near their vehicle during deliveries and while driving to other locations compared to by PM2.5 from the diesel engines of their own trucks. Particle concentrations from roadsides and emissions from nearby vehicles through open windows were the main source of PM2.5.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Medicine", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dspace.kci.go.kr/handle/kci/1378499" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2982705890", "doi": null, "title": "크로스도킹 시스템의 최적 운영 전략", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "ko", "authors": [ "유우연", "조지운", "양재경" ], "first_author": "유우연", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "A cross docking operation involves multiple trucks (known as inbound trucks) that deliver items from suppliers to a distribution center and multiple trucks (known as outbound trucks) that ship items from the distribution center to customers. Based on customer demands, an inbound truck may have its items transferred to multiple outbound trucks. Similarly, an outbound truck can receive its consignments from multiple inbound trucks. A unique characteristic of a cross docking system is the absence or prohibition of long term storage of items at the distribution center. Items delivered to the distribution center from suppliers are shipped to customers as soon as possible without being placed in storage in the distribution center. The objective of this paper is to develop the optimal operational strategy for finding the best truck docking sequence for both inbound and outbound trucks in order to minimize total operation time where a temporary storage area is not available in a cross docking system.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Distribution center", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Business", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.earticle.net/Article/A155005" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W588845992", "doi": "10.82308/42283", "title": "A peer-to-peer matching system for grocery home delivery", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Amin Sazavar" ], "first_author": "Amin Sazavar", "venue": "eScholarship@McGill (McGill)", "publisher": "McGill University", "abstract": "This thesis introduces a new delivery method for electronic grocery shopping. This method involves a peer-to-peer matching system in which customers (carriers) who shop at a grocery store are assigned other customers (clients) who have ordered groceries to be delivered to their home. Carriers deliver groceries to the clients’ homes, in return for an incentive. The matching system matches carriers to clients to minimize the total travel time on the network.In order to examine how this new method of delivery performs, we compare it with the current methods of grocery delivery: regular grocery shopping, where every customer visits the grocery store, and truck delivery service, where groceries are delivered to customers who have ordered them. Four different scenarios are designed and simulated. A set of performance measures is then developed in order to evaluate the different scenarios. The matching system is simulated by employing a mixed-integer optimization method and solved by the IBM-CPLEX add-on in Matlab. The truck delivery service is presumed to be a multi-depot split-delivery truck delivery service and is simulated by using a partial inference of a multi-depot split-delivery vehicle routing problem heuristic. The scenarios are simulated and examined on a hypothetical network –The Sioux Falls traffic network.The most important finding from the results is that the new delivery system – the matching system – performs well in terms of total travel time in the network and has the potential to be implemented alongside the two other current methods of grocery shopping. The matching system reduces the travel time in the network compared to regular grocery shopping, but does not outperform truck home delivery service. The performance of the matching system is found to be the greatest when the number of carriers is equal to the number of clients.The matching system produced acceptable results in the study presented in this thesis; however, the need for a more detailed investigation is obvious to be able to judge its privileges to the regular truck delivery service.", "keywords": [ "Matching (statistics)", "Grocery shopping", "Grocery store", "Peer-to-peer", "Incentive", "Truck", "Business", "Computer science", "Order (exchange)", "Food delivery", "Service (business)", "Advertising" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/db78tg21q" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1580436907", "doi": null, "title": "زمانبندی بارکشها در یک سیستم فرابارانداز با چندین درب ورودی و خروجی", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-12-15", "type": "article", "language": "fa", "authors": [ "ابراهیم رضایی نیک", "مهرداد یزدانپناه", "محمدتقی اسعدی", "زهرا محمودی یکتا" ], "first_author": "ابراهیم رضایی نیک", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Cross docking is a logistic strategy that plays the role of a middle knot in distribution network in the provision process. In logistic part, inventory holding is considered as an important matter in managing costs. Not only cross docking reduces the inventory holding cost, but it also reduces the cost of collecting received orders, transportation and duration of sending. The products, which are unloaded on cross docking by inbound trucks, are classified properly according to customers’ orders and loaded on outbound trucks with minimum possible saving and as soon as possible, usually less than 24 hours. A model is offered in this paper on the basis of a mixed integer programming to model the cross docking with several receiving and shipping doors. It allocates different doors to inbound and outbound trucks, regards the loading sequences, and also allocates products from importing trucks to exporting ones coincidentally. The proposed model has been implemented in the dairy industry, and the results indicate the effectiveness of the model is presented in the real world.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Doors", "Operations research", "Integer programming", "Computer science", "Business", "Transport engineering", "Operations management", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://scmj.ihu.ac.ir/article_203541_900bb01f50d87ea7c564f10f8c56de75.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2266780974", "doi": null, "title": "다수의 도어를 갖는 크로스도킹 터미널에서 입고와 출고를 병행하는 트럭일정계획을 위한 유전알고리즘", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "ko", "authors": [ "주철민", "김병수" ], "first_author": "주철민", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Cross docking is a logistics management concept in which items delivered to a terminal by inbound trucks are immediately sorted out, routed and loaded into outbound trucks for delivery to customers. Two main advantages by introducing a cross docking terminal are to consolidate multiple smaller shipment into full truck load and remove storage and order picking processes to save up logistics costs related to warehousing and transportation costs. This research considers the scheduling problem of trucks in the cross docking terminals with multi-door in an inbound and outbound dock, respectively. The trucks sequentially deal with the storage process at the one of inbound doors and the shipping process at the one of the outbound doors. A mathematical model for an optimal solution is derived, and genetic algorithms with two different chromosome representations are proposed. To verify performance of the GA algorithms, we compare the solutions of GAs with the optimal solutions and the best solution using randomly generated several examples.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Doors", "Computer science", "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Operations research", "Vehicle routing problem", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Operations management", "Computer network", "Routing (electronic design automation)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dspace.kci.go.kr/handle/kci/220781" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7144666959", "doi": null, "title": "クロスドック入出荷口割当問題に対するタブー探索法", "year": null, "publication_date": null, "type": "article", "language": "ja", "authors": [ "健弥 金高", "季和 浅江", "弘海 森山" ], "first_author": "健弥 金高", "venue": "Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)", "publisher": "National Institute of Informatics", "abstract": "In a cross-dock, goods are directly transferred by material-handling equipment from incoming trucks at the receiving dock doors to outgoing trucks at the shipping dock doors.In this study, we consider the cross-dock door assignment problem in which the assignment of incoming trucks to receiving dock doors and outgoing trucks to shipping dock doors is determined so as to minimize the total transfer distance of goods inside the cross-dock.We propose a tabu search heuristic for this problem and demonstrate the effectiveness of our heuristic through computational experiments.", "keywords": [ "DOCK", "Truck", "Doors", "Heuristic", "Tabu search" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://opac-t.time.u-tokai.ac.jp/iwjs0018opc/bdyview.do?bodyid=TC10002502&elmid=Body&fname=vol.11_no.2_p21-26.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7214520495", "doi": "10.1016/j.cor.2026.107689", "title": "The traveling salesman problem with release dates and drone resupply: A new formulation and a matheuristic approach", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Claudia Archetti", "Maurizio Boccia", "Adriano Masone", "Claudio Sterle" ], "first_author": "Claudia Archetti", "venue": "Computers & Operations Research", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Travelling salesman problem", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Truck", "Schedule", "Exploit", "Matching (statistics)", "Order (exchange)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2026.107689" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4248538328", "doi": "10.1016/0016-0032(45)90551-5", "title": "Fiberglas tower packing helps atlantic engineers speed production of high octane gasoline", "year": 1945, "publication_date": "1945-11-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "R.H.O." ], "first_author": "R.H.O.", "venue": "Journal of the Franklin Institute", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Automotive industry", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Schedule", "Integer programming", "Computer science", "Gasoline", "Operations research", "sort", "Transport engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(45)90551-5" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4310687368", "doi": "10.3310/pnoy9785", "title": "A multicomponent structured health behaviour intervention to improve physical activity in long-distance HGV drivers: the SHIFT cluster RCT", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-11-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Stacy A. Clemes", "Verónica Varela-Mato", "Danielle H. Bodicoat", "Cassandra L. Brookes", "Yuling Chen", "Edward Cox", "Charlotte L. Edwardson", "Laura J. Gray", "Amber J. Guest", "Vicki Johnson", "Fehmidah Munir", "Nicola J. Paine", "Gerry A. Richardson", "Katharina B. Ruettger", "Mohsen Sayyah", "Aron Peter Sherry", "Ana Suazo Di Paola", "Jacqui Troughton", "Simon Walker", "Thomas E. Yates", "James A. King" ], "first_author": "Stacy A. Clemes", "venue": "Public Health Research", "publisher": "NIHR Journals Library", "abstract": "Background Long-distance heavy goods vehicle drivers are exposed to a multitude of risk factors associated with their occupation. The working environment of heavy goods vehicle drivers provides limited opportunities for a healthy lifestyle, and, consequently, heavy goods vehicle drivers exhibit higher than nationally representative rates of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities, and are underserved in terms of health promotion initiatives. Objective The aim of this trial was to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the multicomponent Structured Health Intervention For Truckers (SHIFT) programme, compared with usual care, at both 6 months and 16–18 months. Design A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial, including a cost-effectiveness analysis and process evaluation. Setting Transport depots throughout the Midlands region of the UK. Participants Heavy goods vehicle drivers. Intervention The 6-month SHIFT programme included a group-based interactive 6-hour education session, health coach support and equipment provision [including a Fitbit®(Fitbit Inc., San Francisco, CA, US) and resistance bands/balls to facilitate a ‘cab workout’]. Clusters were randomised following baseline measurements to either the SHIFT arm or the control arm. Main outcome measures Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, with follow-up assessments occurring at both 6 months and 16–18 months. The primary outcome was device-measured physical activity, expressed as mean steps per day, at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included device-measured sitting, standing, stepping, physical activity and sleep time (on any day, workdays and non-workdays), along with adiposity, biochemical measures, diet, blood pressure, psychophysiological reactivity, cognitive function, functional fitness, mental well-being, musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related psychosocial variables. Cost-effectiveness and process evaluation data were collected. Results A total of 382 participants (mean ± standard deviation age: 48.4 ± 9.4 years; mean ± standard deviation body mass index: 30.4 kg/m2 ± 5.1 kg/m2; 99% male) were recruited across 25 clusters. Participants were randomised (at the cluster level) to either the SHIFT arm (12 clusters,n = 183) or the control arm (13 clusters,n = 199). At 6 months, 209 (54.7%) participants provided primary outcome data. Significant differences in mean daily steps were found between arms, with participants in the SHIFT arm accumulating 1008 more steps per day than participants in the control arm (95% confidence interval 145 to 1871 steps;p = 0.022), which was largely driven by the maintenance of physical activity levels in the SHIFT arm and a decline in physical activity levels in the control arm. Favourable differences at 6 months were also seen in the SHIFT arm, relative to the control arm, in time spent sitting, standing and stepping, and time in moderate or vigorous activity. No differences between arms were observed at 16–18 months’ follow-up. No differences were observed between arms in the other secondary outcomes at either follow-up (i.e. 6 months and 16–18 months). The process evaluation demonstrated that the intervention was well received by participants and that the intervention reportedly had a positive impact on their health behaviours. The average total cost of delivering the SHIFT programme was £369.57 per driver, and resulting quality-adjusted life-years were similar across trial arms (SHIFT arm: 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 1.25; control arm: 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.27). Limitations A higher (31.4%) than anticipated loss to follow-up was experienced at 6 months, with fewer (54.7%) participants providing valid primary outcome data at 6 months. The COVID-19 pandemic presents a major confounding factor, which limits our ability to draw firm conclusions regarding the sustainability of the SHIFT programme. Conclusion The SHIFT programme had a degree of success in positively impacting physical activity levels and reducing sitting time in heavy goods vehicle drivers at 6-months; however, these differences were not maintained at 16–18 months. Future work Further work involving stakeholder engagement is needed to refine the content of the programme, based on current findings, followed by the translation of the SHIFT programme into a scalable driver training resource. Trial registration This trial is registered as ISRCTN10483894. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full inPublic Health Research; Vol. 10, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.", "keywords": [ "Randomized controlled trial", "Physical therapy", "Medicine", "Cluster randomised controlled trial", "Intervention (counseling)", "Obesity", "Health promotion", "Cluster (spacecraft)", "Gerontology", "Public health", "Nursing", "Surgery" ], "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk/document/download/2041656" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2247556053", "doi": null, "title": "크로스도킹 터미널에서 입고와 출고를 병행하는 트럭 일정계획에 관한 연구", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-05-01", "type": "article", "language": "ko", "authors": [ "주철민", "김병수" ], "first_author": "주철민", "venue": "한국 SCM 학회지", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Cross docking is a logistics management concept in which items delivered to a terminal by inbound trucks are immediately sorted out, routed and loaded into outbound trucks for delivery to customers. This research considers the scheduling problem of trucks, in which it sequentially deals with the storage process in an inbound dock and the shipping process in an outbound dock of the cross docking terminal. The objective of the problem is to determine the door assignment and the docking sequences of trucks simultaneously to minimize the makespan. A mathematical model for finding an optimal solution is derived, and genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to find a solution in a reasonable computation time. The performance of the GA is evaluated using randomly generated several examples.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "DOCK", "Job shop scheduling", "Computer science", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Computation", "Vehicle routing problem", "Operations research", "Genetic algorithm", "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Mathematical optimization", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE02354063?q=%5Bproduct%20sound%C2%A7coldb%C2%A72%C2%A751%C2%A73%5D&Multimedia=0&SearchPublisher=scm&isFullText=0&specificParam=0&SearchMethod=0" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3170920944", "doi": null, "title": "Enrutamiento de almacenes cruzados considerando ventanas de tiempo y precios de ruta (estudio de caso: transporte de contenedores del puerto de Chabahar)", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "es", "authors": [ "Farhad Bavar", "Majid Sabzehparvar", "Mona Ahmadi Rad" ], "first_author": "Farhad Bavar", "venue": "Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)", "publisher": "Universidad Internacional de La Rioja", "abstract": "In this study, we develop a model for routing cross-docking centers considering time windows and pricing routs. In this model picking and delivery in several times is permitted and each knot can be serviced by more than one vehicle. Every truck can transport one or more product, in other words, we consider compatibility between product and vehicle. This model includes two goals: reducing the total cost and reducing the cost of carrying goods (freight fare). The total cost includes the cost required to traverse between the points, the cost of traversing the routes between the central cross-docking center and the first points after moving, and the cost to traverse the routes between the last points in each route and the depots that must be minimized. In general, the purpose of the model is to obtain the number of cross-docking center, the number of vehicles and the best route in the distribution network. We present a nonlinear programming model for this problem. We have solved the proposed model by GAMS. As the dimensions of the problem increase, the implementation time of the program increases progressively. So, in order to \\nsolve the model in medium and large scales, we proposed a genetic meta-heuristic algorithm. The results of examining different issues by the meta-heuristic approach show the very high efficiency of the developed algorithms in terms of the solution time and the answer of the problem.", "keywords": [ "Humanities", "Political science", "Art" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7852453.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4253122037", "doi": "10.2307/1283235", "title": "Constitutional Law: Interstate Commerce: Validity of Ordinance Requiring Drummer's License", "year": 1940, "publication_date": "1940-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Michigan Law Review" ], "first_author": "Michigan Law Review", "venue": "Michigan Law Review", "publisher": "University of Michigan Law School", "abstract": "Defendant, a door-to-door salesman, solicited orders in Minnesota for goods, which were later shipped from his employer's factory in Wisconsin to his house in Minnesota. There he broke the original packages and filled his customers' orders by delivering the goods in a truck provided him by his employer. Defendant was convicted of violating a municipal ordinance requiring a license of all door-to-door canvassers. Held, the ordinance was unconstitutional as an unreasonable burden on interstate commerce, and the conviction should be set aside. City of Waseca v. Braun, (Minn. 1939) 288 N. W. 229.", "keywords": [ "Drummer", "License", "Law", "Constitutional law", "Political science", "Business", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1283235" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7196943452", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.7197418", "title": "The Megawatt Wall: Utility Demand Charges and the Cost of Electric Freight Relative to Diesel Across United States Utility Territories", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "James Lightfoot" ], "first_author": "James Lightfoot", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Diesel fuel", "Electricity", "Truck", "Electric utility", "Mile", "Gallon (US)", "Electricity demand", "Peak demand" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7197418" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1971132947", "doi": "10.1353/sew.2014.0058", "title": "Remembering the Battle of the Bulge", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Seymour I. Toll" ], "first_author": "Seymour I. Toll", "venue": "˜The œSewanee review", "publisher": "Johns Hopkins University Press", "abstract": "Remembering the Battle of the Bulge Seymour I. Toll (bio) The prints, posters, maps, and photographs in my office reflect personal experience rather than decorative taste: sailboats racing on the coast of Maine, grandchildren in the snow, glimpses of Paris. The one that calls to me again and again is a 3″ × 16″ photographic panorama of a sector of the Ardennes forest of Belgium and Luxembourg bordering Germany. There at dawn on December 16, 1944, more than 200,000 German troops and nearly 1,000 tanks began the Battle of the Bulge by attacking 83,000 American soldiers. It became the U.S. Army’s largest land battle of World War ii. The assault was Hitler’s idea: a successful thrust to Antwerp and the sea would shatter the Western Front and the unity of the Anglo-American alliance. Although the Wehrmacht had swept through the northern half of Luxembourg and into Belgium, by the end of January the American First and Third Armies eliminated the sixty-mile salient (“the Bulge”) and liberated Luxembourg for the second time in five months. Among our vastly outnumbered forces on that battle’s first night, I was an unremarkable combat infantryman who became one of the battle’s nearly 81,000 American casualties. That night has been with me every day since. After a year in the army, during the summer of 1944 I was combat training in Kentucky with the 75th Infantry Division in which I made my closest army friendships. These friendships ended when many of us were shipped out of the division as replacements for troops killed, wounded, and missing in European combat. Along with several thousand g.i.’s lumbering under bulging backpacks, I slogged up the gangway of a gray troopship that was once the elegant Cunard liner Mauretania, and sailed from a midtown Manhattan pier to Liverpool. After brief passage through a staging camp in the Midlands, I was sent to a replacement depot (“repple depple”) in the countryside above Normandy’s Omaha Beach. For some days we strangers to one another slept in two-man tents and hiked through [End Page 270] orchards whose owners we angered by knocking toothsome apples from their trees with our rifle butts. There we also discovered the transcendental effects of gulping Calvados like the cider we thought it was. As that summer was ending, Paris had been liberated, and the Allies were pressing the war into Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, and up the Valley of the Rhone. A number of us replacements were trucked to a railhead in Normandy and packed aboard a train of “forty-and-eight” boxcars (for forty men or eight horses) familiar to World War i doughboys and American Legion conventioneers. Despite our animal heat it was always cold in those crowded accommodations. During a brief stop at a small passenger station en route, some French awaiting a train were aghast when several g.i.’s dashed in with a burning woodstove and set it up in their boxcar. Our train dragged from Normandy in the west to Metz in the east to Verviers, Belgium, in the north where we spent a night on the floor of a bombed-out felt factory. The next day we moved to the front in Huertgen, a vast coniferous forest on the western edge of Germany. As a nineteen-year-old private first class assigned to Company A, 112th Regiment of the 28th Infantry Division, I joined the division in Huertgen when that city was being destroyed in a futile assault on Germany’s Siegfried Line or “West Wall.” The decision to attack in Huertgen was one of our army’s larger blunders of the war. The wise and learned American military historian, Russell F. Weigley, ranked Huertgen as “a military tragedy” worse than the Civil War’s Wilderness or the Argonne of World War i. A dense stand of tall firs planted in seemingly endless rows, the forest was a dripping gloom. Europe’s coldest autumn in thirty years, driving sleet, clinging wet snow, and foxholes seeping ice water made existence tough enough, and the army’s failure to supply the troops with galoshes produced great numbers of...", "keywords": [ "Battle", "History", "Infantry", "Spanish Civil War", "Ancient history", "Officer", "Bulge", "Archaeology" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/sew.2014.0058" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7208704894", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.7412888", "title": "Energy-as-a-Service for eTrucks: Investigating Smart Charging Savings and Pricing Preferences for Germany", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Markus Schiller", "Christian Will", "Patrick E.P. Jochem" ], "first_author": "Markus Schiller", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Tariff", "Electrification", "Electricity", "Total cost of ownership", "Dynamic pricing", "Truck", "Amortization", "Electricity market", "Service (business)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7412888" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2480485539", "doi": "10.1016/b978-0-08-011305-0.50010-8", "title": "THE UNIT LOAD", "year": 1965, "publication_date": "1965-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "R.B. ORAM" ], "first_author": "R.B. ORAM", "venue": "Elsevier eBooks", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Unit (ring theory)", "Carton", "Port (circuit theory)", "Engineering", "Transport engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Electrical engineering", "Mechanical engineering", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-011305-0.50010-8" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W575971436", "doi": null, "title": "BULK CONTAINERS FIND NICHE", "year": 1990, "publication_date": "1990-11-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "M S Kostolich" ], "first_author": "M S Kostolich", "venue": "Progressive railroading", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The double-stack container business is on the increase and is being recognized as an efficient and cost-effective form of door-to-door transportation which can offer strong competition to truck hauling. It is finding a real niche in the movement of liquids with a total of 3,200 loads carried in 1990 and an expected 40,000 load market by the end of this decade.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Truck", "Competition (biology)", "Niche", "Stack (abstract data type)", "Niche market", "Business", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/348853" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1576016015", "doi": null, "title": "Business Class in a race car", "year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "J. Wassink" ], "first_author": "J. Wassink", "venue": "Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)", "publisher": "Delft University of Technology", "abstract": "It's not a car, it's not a bus, it's not a truck, and it's not even a super stretch limousine. What is being built in Delft is the much-discussed Superbus, which is to travel from door to door, reaching speeds of 250 kilometres per hour. This summer this new form of public transport is to enter service in Beijing during the Olympic Games.", "keywords": [ "Beijing", "Race (biology)", "Truck", "Class (philosophy)", "Transport engineering", "Advertising", "Service (business)", "Public transport", "World class", "Business", "Geography", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:32e81c2e-073b-4edc-8cc5-41c2add0fa8c" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7172416936", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.7230436", "title": "Corridor-level infrastructure costs of static charging versus electric road systems in Germany", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Mathias Schmidt", "Grit Walther" ], "first_author": "Mathias Schmidt", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Investment (military)", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Grid", "Kilometer", "Transportation infrastructure", "Metric (unit)", "Travel time" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7230436" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171981792", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.7213899", "title": "Corridor-Level Infrastructure Costs of Static Charging versus Electric Road Systems in Germany", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Mathias Schmidt", "Grit Walther" ], "first_author": "Mathias Schmidt", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Truck", "Investment (military)", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Grid", "Kilometer", "Transportation infrastructure", "Metric (unit)", "Travel time" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/5a73ff58-4de8-40b4-9b01-372bd0ae4b1b-MECA.pdf?abstractid=7213899&mirid=1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2594090903", "doi": null, "title": "Ami J. Abou-bakr, 'Managing Disasters through Public-Private Partnerships'", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Austen D. Givens" ], "first_author": "Austen D. Givens", "venue": "Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security", "publisher": null, "abstract": "A massive tornado tore a seventeen-mile path through Moore, Oklahoma on May 20, 2013, tragically killing twenty-four people and injuring over three hundred. 1 Response efforts began immediately, and partnerships between government entities and businesses played a significant role in those efforts. For example, the Ford Motor Company donated $400,000 to local charities, including the American Red Cross, which worked closely with first responders to help survivors.2 The Home Depot gathered three hundred employees in Dallas, Texas, including plumbers and general contractors, and then bussed them to Moore to assist in recovery operations.3 With numerous cell phone towers destroyed in the Moore area, the wireless phone company Sprint provided cell phones to local first responders and set up mobile cell phone towers on trucks to boost service coverage.4 These examples of publicprivate sector cooperation and collaboration after the Moore tornado are part of a broader trend in which businesses and government agencies work together before, during, and after disasters. Ami J. Abou-bakr’s Managing D i s a s t e r s t h r o u g h P u b l i c P r i v a t e P a r t n e r s h i p s i s e a s i l y t h e m o s t comprehensive scholarly work on this topic to date. Abou-bakr’s book contributes to an emerging literature on public-private partnerships in emergency management today, which she labels “disaster-oriented PPPs.” 5 In Managing Disasters, Abou-bakr argues persuasively that the current federallevel framework for disaster-oriented PPPs is not sustainable. The framework’s deficiencies may grow into bigger problems without a f u n d a m e n t a l r e t h i n k i n g o f t h e s e partnerships’ purposes. Better defining disaster-oriented PPPs, in her view, will provide a valuable first step toward making these partnerships more sustainable. Abou-bakr first traces the development of disaster-oriented PPPs from the late 1990s through 2005. Beginning with the Clinton administration, she systematically reviews the major milestones in the federal government’s evolving view of public-private partnerships in US national security. The first chapter of Managing Disasters covers the enormous number of post-9/11 changes in government, including the huge federal reorganization that led to the US Department of Homeland Security’s creation in 2002. Readers will find her detailed accounts of Verizon’s role in re-opening the New York S t o c k E x c h a n g e a n d W a l M a r t ’ s contributions to Hurricane Katrina relief refreshing and engaging. They add new insights from interviews with key Verizon and Wal-Mart officials, and her narrative style helpfully mixes these new insights with sharp, clear analyses. In Chapter 2 Abou-bakr establishes an analytical framework for disaster-oriented PPPs today. This framework, which she developed based upon more than two dozen interviews with senior public and private sector leaders in emergency management, consists of seven critical factors: crisis, leadership, organizational structure, information sharing, shared benefits, trust, and adaptability or sustainability. Her analytical framework takes its place alongside a number of other frameworks developed to assess public sector partnerships with nonpublic sector entities. 6 Through the balance of Chapter 2 she uses this framework to evaluate the current status of federal disaster-oriented PPPs, weaving in multiple case studies to illustrate the broad impact that disaster-oriented PPPs have on emergency management today. These cases make for fascinating reading, and include descriptions of FedEx’s role after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the shipping company Maersk’s efforts to combat piracy off the", "keywords": [ "Phone", "Government (linguistics)", "Private sector", "Stalking", "Business", "Political science", "Library science", "Law", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://wp.vcu.edu/hsep/wp-content/uploads/sites/3338/2013/06/Ami-J.-Abou-bakr-Managing-Disasters-through-Public-Private-Partnerships.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W853577931", "doi": null, "title": "INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF KURONEKO TAKKYUBIN", "year": 1995, "publication_date": "1995-11-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hiroo Kawata", "Masaaki TAMAGAWA" ], "first_author": "Hiroo Kawata", "venue": "Steps Forward. Intelligent Transport Systems World CongressVERTIS", "publisher": null, "abstract": "When Japan's economy slowed in the early 1990s, transportation demand slowed as well, and the door to door parcel service (DTD) experienced difficult times. Kuroneko Yamato Takkyubin is the name of a consumer friendly DTD service with next day delivery, flat rate, and equal service to anybody, anywhere. Yamato Transport Company, Limited, (YTC) uses box containers and logistics management to standardize all internal work. The Takkyubin custom truck and information systems were developed to solve problems and improve overall mobility and delivery functions. The resulting Infomobil truck has integrated radio and customized functionality to use over the YTC network. Today, Japanese trucks are made specifically to transport goods. No truck manufacturer, other than YTC, offers a modern truck with advanced integrated communication technology. YTC leads the industry in creating the office on wheels.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Service (business)", "Transport engineering", "Work (physics)", "Business", "Telecommunications", "Engineering", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/462160" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2788871136", "doi": null, "title": "Marion Duncan and Beulah Duncan Interview, July 25, 1977", "year": 1977, "publication_date": "1977-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Marion B. Duncan", "Beulah Duncan" ], "first_author": "Marion B. Duncan", "venue": "The Mathematics Enthusiast", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Marion Duncan discusses his various occupations with the United States Forest Service, mainly as it pertained to the Nine Mile Remount Depot Station. He describes working in the warehouse where many supplies for firefighting were stored, the construction of the Nine Mile Remount Depot Station in 1930, techniques for loading and hauling mules, and changes to the Depot Station over time. Duncan also discusses driving stock trucks, the designing of the trucks, and how the trucks ran and were operated. He describes how the use of airplanes and smokejumping replaced the use of mules in fighting fires.", "keywords": [ "Sociology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://scholarworks.umt.edu/ninemileremountdepot/3" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4410599982", "doi": "10.3390/math13111698", "title": "Advanced Vehicle Routing for Electric Fleets Using DPCGA: Addressing Charging and Traffic Constraints", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-22", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yuehan Zheng", "Hao Chang", "Peng Yu", "Taofeng Ye", "Ying Wang" ], "first_author": "Yuehan Zheng", "venue": "Mathematics", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs), urban logistics faces increasing challenges in optimizing vehicle routing. This paper presents a new modeling framework for the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP), where multiple electric trucks serve a set of customers within their capacity limits. The model incorporates critical EV-specific constraints, including limited battery range, charging demand, and dynamic urban traffic conditions, with the objective of minimizing total delivery cost. To efficiently solve this problem, a Dual Population Cooperative Genetic Algorithm (DPCGA) is proposed. The algorithm employs a dual-population mechanism for global exploration, effectively expanding the search space and accelerating convergence. It then introduces local refinement operators to improve solution quality and enhance population diversity. A large number of experimental results demonstrate that DPCGA significantly outperforms traditional algorithms in terms of performance, achieving an average 3% improvement in customer satisfaction and a 15% reduction in computation time. Furthermore, this algorithm shows superior solution quality and robustness compared to the AVNS and ESA-VRPO algorithms, particularly in complex scenarios such as adjustments in charging station layouts and fluctuations in vehicle range. Sensitivity analysis further verifies the stability and practicality of DPCGA in real-world urban delivery environments.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/11/1698/pdf?version=1747905782" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1519644222", "doi": "10.4271/780540", "title": "Overview of the Small Package Air Carrier Industry - A Study of the Operations in Federal Express", "year": 1978, "publication_date": "1978-02-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yupo Chan", "Ronny J. Ponder" ], "first_author": "Yupo Chan", "venue": "SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The growth in air freight traffic can be attributed to the increasive number of service and light industries of the United States' economy. Fast and reliable deliveries of small and time sensitive documents are much in demand. The inflation spiral and the thin density of operations, however, have resulted in the discontinuation of air passenger services into small communities. Air freight forwarding, which is an adjunct to passenger service, has been sharply curtailed as a result. A solution to the problem appears to be an all air cargo airline that can operate its own vehicles in a streamlined fashion and can achieve the economy of scale by consolidating traffic. While there are attempts to do this, Federal Express Corporation is an example of innovation. Door-to-door service is provided through its fleet of Falcon jets and pickup/delivery trucks. Traffic is bundled up from thin density markets via a concentrated operation in Memphis. These two features in conjunction allow services to be rendered economically to small and medium size cities. In addition, the consolidated sorting facility and communication center at Memphis allow for a fast and reliable service. The youthful spirit of the airline means that ideas are often configured from afresh. The airline, long qualified as a third level carrier, has operated with a large degree of freedom - outside the confines of regulatory controls. As the company expands and as a set of national air cargo regulations are being formulated, some of the advantages enjoyed by the company may be negated. The future success of the “Federal Express Model” is an interesting case study for both practitioners and researchers in the air freight industry.", "keywords": [ "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4271/780540" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4386966682", "doi": "10.14711/thesis-991013222953403412", "title": "On-Time Delivery by Drone Resupply", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Wenqian Liu" ], "first_author": "Wenqian Liu", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Along with the maturity of technologies, such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, the rapid development of online e-commerce has raised the need for what is known as “smart logistics”. With fewer geographical restrictions, higher delivery efficiency, and greater delivery flexibility, drones are a promising option for achieving fast delivery in last-mile urban logistics. Many leading logistics companies, such as Amazon and FedEx, have carried out experimental projects on drone delivery systems. In academia, various operational models for using drones for delivery have been proposed, including drone-only, truck and drone coordinated systems, and drone resupply. The novelty of drone resupply is that drones transport packages from a depot to trucks en route, and then trucks hand over these packages to customers face by face. Despite its potential benefits, existing studies have been focused on designing solution approaches for the drone resupply problem with a single truck and a single drone. As such, there is a need for further research to explore the potential of drone resupply in real-world applications. In this thesis, we investigate more general drone resupply models for on-time delivery, where a fleet of drones is employed to assist a group of trucks in fulfilling delivery requests within specific delivery deadlines. Considering several practical restrictions in urban areas, we first focus on a situation where each delivery truck follows a predetermined route to deliver packages. To ensure the on-time delivery of packages, trucks are dispatched from the depot at certain cutoff times, even if some packages are not yet available for delivery. Drones are then used to resupply these late available packages to specific trucks en route so as to assure on-time delivery. This raises the problem of drone resupply scheduling, which aims to maximize the total value of the late available packages that can be delivered on time. We formally define the problem and analyze its optimality properties. We develop an exact solution approach based on the time-expanded network flow model and design a greedy heuristic algorithm to solve this problem. A series of computational studies are conducted to validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed solutions. Managerial insights and guidance derived from these studies can help logistics companies to make informed decisions both at strategic and operational levels. The drone resupply model can also be applied to on-time meal delivery. To cope with the delayed deliveries of online meals, we can dispatch drones from restaurants to transport meals to riders en route, and then the riders hand over these meals to customers. Such a problem leads to a drone resupply model with multiple trucks, multiple drones, and multiple depots, with rider routing and drone scheduling optimized jointly. We design a two-phase algorithm to solve the problem efficiently. In the first phase, we identify all possible rider routes, along with the corresponding drone scheduling, for serving order bundles. In the second phase, we use a set covering model to select the best rider routes so that all meals are fulfilled with a minimal delay cost. For the problem with a relatively long service period, we propose a rolling horizon strategy to solve it in a dynamic environment. We conduct computational studies to evaluate the efficiency of the solution method and the effectiveness of the proposed drone-assisted delivery model. The computational results demonstrate that adopting drone resupply in on-time meal delivery could lead to a win-win-win situation, where the delay cost and the traveling distance of riders can be reduced significantly, by as much as 54% and 10%, respectively.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Aeronautics", "Engineering", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991013222953403412" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2333365358", "doi": null, "title": "크로스도킹 시스템을 위한 물류센터의 설계에 관한 연구", "year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "ko", "authors": [ "유우연", "박윤선", "신정현" ], "first_author": "유우연", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "【Cross docking is a warehouse management concept in which items delivered to a distribution facility by inbound trucks are immediately sorted out and reorganized based on customer demands and are routed and loaded into outbound trucks for delivery to customers without actually being held in inventory in the distribution facility. In this research, the design of distribution facility for cross docking systems was studied. The objective of this research is to find the minimum number of receiving docks and shipping docks, respectively, in order to meet the daily demand of the distribution center. Two solution approaches are employed in modeling and solving the problem The first approach is mathematical modeling and the second approach is a simulation. The logic developed in the simulation model is expected to apply to the real world situation.】", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Distribution center", "Operations research", "Computer science", "Inventory management", "Transport engineering", "Operations management", "Engineering", "Business", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dspace.kci.go.kr/handle/kci/797806" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7211860220", "doi": null, "title": "Texas Attorney General Opinion: C-408", "year": 1965, "publication_date": "1965-03-29", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Texas. Attorney-General's Office.", "Waggoner Carr" ], "first_author": "Texas. Attorney-General's Office.", "venue": "The Portal to Texas History (University of North Texas)", "publisher": "University of North Texas", "abstract": "Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Waggoner Carr, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether the Texas Barber Law can be interpreted to make it legal for a mobile barber shop mounted on a truck, to operate on the streets of a city, going from door to door to render barber services.", "keywords": [ "Interpretation (philosophy)", "Subpoena", "Power of attorney", "Confidentiality", "Government (linguistics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth268826/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4213202211", "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4899-7258-3_5", "title": "Multi-modalism", "year": 1994, "publication_date": "1994-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alan E. Branch" ], "first_author": "Alan E. Branch", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Trailer", "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Pallet", "Bridge (graph theory)", "Business", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7258-3_5" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2237818528", "doi": "10.6845/nchu.2012.00750", "title": "正、逆向物流系統整合之越庫作業模擬設計與分析─都市貨物整運中心之應用", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "zh", "authors": [ "趙根漢" ], "first_author": "趙根漢", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The study tries to set an Urban Consolidation Centre in the suburban area that combines forward logistics and reverse logistics by cross-docking, which helps firms take their Extended Producer Responsibility（EPR）while increasing the efficiency in logistics system. We figure out some cross-docking facilities and strategies, and then compare the strategies’ performances by system simulation; we also test the effects of arrival rates of trucks, loads in trucks, and the process orders of loads on performances. The results show that in forward logistics, the strategies with pooled doors have better performances in terms of the arrival rates of trucks, while the strategies without pooled doors have better performances in terms of the loads in trucks. In reverse logistics, although changing the load processing orders can improve the performances of the strategies without pooled doors, but there’s no effect on the performances of the strategies with pooled doors. Even so, the strategies with pooled doors are still outstanding. We suggest that future studies can propose more scheduling strategies and use real data to obtain the parameters such that the simulation results become more complete.", "keywords": [ "Doors", "Truck", "Computer science", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Consolidation (business)", "Transport engineering", "Operations research", "Operations management", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Business", "Operating system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ir.lib.nchu.edu.tw/handle/11455/21430" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W267693467", "doi": null, "title": "Does Speed Matter? In a Business Built on Motion, Time Sitting Still Can Be Deadly", "year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Roy Blanchard" ], "first_author": "Roy Blanchard", "venue": "Trains", "publisher": null, "abstract": "In this article the author explains how the average reported time a train takes to get from door to door does not tell the whole picture. Moreover, when shippers are deciding whether to ship by truck or train, a better understanding of speed is necessary. In many cases, shippers are willing to pay more for speed and consistency, and they perceive highway transit times to be more consistent and reliable. The author explains how railroads are managing speed and consistency better by redesigning carload service to boost door-to-door speed, particularly at the beginning and end of the run, where trains often sit still waiting to load or unload. One railroad is redesigning train blocking in order to reduce the number of times a car is sorted on its way to a yard. Another railroad is assigning higher horsepower locomotives during peak period, while another is adding more track.", "keywords": [ "Train", "Horsepower", "Truck", "Track (disk drive)", "Consistency (knowledge bases)", "Transport engineering", "Service (business)", "Order (exchange)", "Rest (music)", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Operations research" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=878237" } ]