[ { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7208737548", "doi": "10.3886/e252298", "title": "National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD) — National Highway Freight Network (NHFN) 2024-Present [dataset]", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-04", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Bureau of Transportation Statistics", "United States Department of Transportation" ], "first_author": "Bureau of Transportation Statistics", "venue": "ICPSR Data Holdings", "publisher": "Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research", "abstract": "The National Highway Freight Network (NHFN) 2024-Present dataset is from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)/Bureau of Transportation Statistics’ (BTS's) National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD). Congress established a new National Highway Freight Program (NHFP) in 23 U.S.C. 167 to improve the efficient movement of freight on the National Highway Freight Network (NHFN) and support several goals. The law required the FHWA Administrator to strategically direct Federal resources and policies toward improved performance of the network. The NHFP provides formula funding apportioned annually to States, for use on the NHFN. The definition of the NHFN is established under 23 U.S.C. 167(c) and consists of four separate highway network components: the PHFS; Critical Rural Freight Corridors (CRFCs); Critical Urban Freight Corridors (CUFCs); and those portions of the Interstate System that are not part of the PHFS. Primary Highway Freight System (PHFS): This is a network of highways identified as the most critical highway portions of the U.S. freight transportation system determined by measurable and objective national data. The network consists of 41,800 centerlines miles, including 38,014 centerline miles of Interstate and 3,785 centerline miles of non-Interstate roads. Other Interstate portions not on the PHFS: These highways consist of the remaining portion of Interstate roads not included in the PHFS. These routes provide important continuity and access to freight transportation facilities. These portions amount to an estimated 10,265 centerline miles of Interstate, nationwide, and will fluctuate with additions and deletions to the Interstate Highway System. Critical Rural Freight Corridors (CRFCs): These are public roads not in an urbanized area which provide access and connection to the PHFS and the Interstate with other important ports, public transportation facilities, or other intermodal freight facilities. Nationwide, there are 5,389 centerline miles designated as CRFCs as of January 27, 2023. CRFCs are not included in GIS data base. Critical Urban Freight Corridors (CUFCs): These are public roads in urbanized areas which provide access and connection to the PHFS and the Interstate with other ports, public transportation facilities, or other intermodal transportation facilities. Nationwide, there are 2,656 centerline miles designated as CUFC as of January 27, 2023. CUFCs are not included in GIS data base.", "keywords": [ "Highway system", "Flow network", "Traffic management", "Highway engineering", "Administration (probate law)", "Atlas (anatomy)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3886/e252298" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7208752177", "doi": "10.3886/e252298v1", "title": "National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD) — National Highway Freight Network (NHFN) 2024-Present [dataset]", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-04", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Bureau of Transportation Statistics", "United States Department of Transportation" ], "first_author": "Bureau of Transportation Statistics", "venue": "ICPSR Data Holdings", "publisher": "Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research", "abstract": "The National Highway Freight Network (NHFN) 2024-Present dataset is from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)/Bureau of Transportation Statistics’ (BTS's) National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD). Congress established a new National Highway Freight Program (NHFP) in 23 U.S.C. 167 to improve the efficient movement of freight on the National Highway Freight Network (NHFN) and support several goals. The law required the FHWA Administrator to strategically direct Federal resources and policies toward improved performance of the network. The NHFP provides formula funding apportioned annually to States, for use on the NHFN. The definition of the NHFN is established under 23 U.S.C. 167(c) and consists of four separate highway network components: the PHFS; Critical Rural Freight Corridors (CRFCs); Critical Urban Freight Corridors (CUFCs); and those portions of the Interstate System that are not part of the PHFS. Primary Highway Freight System (PHFS): This is a network of highways identified as the most critical highway portions of the U.S. freight transportation system determined by measurable and objective national data. The network consists of 41,800 centerlines miles, including 38,014 centerline miles of Interstate and 3,785 centerline miles of non-Interstate roads. Other Interstate portions not on the PHFS: These highways consist of the remaining portion of Interstate roads not included in the PHFS. These routes provide important continuity and access to freight transportation facilities. These portions amount to an estimated 10,265 centerline miles of Interstate, nationwide, and will fluctuate with additions and deletions to the Interstate Highway System. Critical Rural Freight Corridors (CRFCs): These are public roads not in an urbanized area which provide access and connection to the PHFS and the Interstate with other important ports, public transportation facilities, or other intermodal freight facilities. Nationwide, there are 5,389 centerline miles designated as CRFCs as of January 27, 2023. CRFCs are not included in GIS data base. Critical Urban Freight Corridors (CUFCs): These are public roads in urbanized areas which provide access and connection to the PHFS and the Interstate with other ports, public transportation facilities, or other intermodal transportation facilities. Nationwide, there are 2,656 centerline miles designated as CUFC as of January 27, 2023. CUFCs are not included in GIS data base.", "keywords": [ "Highway system", "Flow network", "Traffic management", "Highway engineering", "Administration (probate law)", "Atlas (anatomy)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3886/e252298v1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4394976910", "doi": "10.26418/jts.v24i1.64485", "title": "DISTRIBUTION MOVEMENT OF ORIGIN DESTINATION OF GOODS TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE TRANSPORT (CASE STUDY OF JALAN KHATULISTIWA, UPPKB SIANTAN WEIGHT BRIDGE, PONTIANAK)", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-04-20", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Siti Nurlaily Kadarini", "Sumiyattinah Sumiyattinah" ], "first_author": "Siti Nurlaily Kadarini", "venue": "Jurnal Teknik Sipil", "publisher": "Tanjungpura University", "abstract": "This case study investigates the distribution patterns of goods transport vehicles on Jalan Khatulistiwa, focusing on the UPPKB Siantan weighbridge in Pontianak. Urban centers are crucial in goods distribution and act as nodes connecting hinterland areas. Urban sprawl necessitates longer commutes as cities grow and exacerbates peak-hour traffic congestion. Identifying and understanding movement patterns using Origin-Destination Matrices (ODM) is essential for optimizing transportation policies and economic development.The study employs a mixed-method approach to collect primary data through field surveys, mapping the movement of goods and transport vehicles from origin to destination. Given their significance in urban freight movement, land transportation and hefty vehicle traffic is the primary focus. The analysis includes delineating Origin-Destination Matrices (ODMs) to assess traffic flows and identify critical routes and distribution nodes. Insights from this study inform transportation planning strategies to enhance efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of goods movement within Pontianak.Through detailed data collection and analysis, this research aims to contribute practical insights for policymakers and urban planners to improve traffic management and enhance the overall transportation network's performance in Pontianak, ultimately supporting economic growth and development.", "keywords": [ "Bridge (graph theory)", "Transport engineering", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Business", "Mathematics", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Medicine", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jtsuntan/article/download/64485/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W624058789", "doi": null, "title": "ADVANCED ROAD TRAFFIC TECHNOLOGY IN JAPAN AND ITS FUTURE DEVELOPMENT", "year": 1994, "publication_date": "1994-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Masaki Koshi" ], "first_author": "Masaki Koshi", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper reviews Japanese activities in advanced road transport technologies. CACS (Comprehensive Automobile Traffic Control System), begun in 1973, was an in-vehicle dynamic road guidance system using two-way vehicle-road communication. RACS (Road/Automobile Communication System), begun in 1984, was an in-car information system for navigation and route guidance. AMTICS (Advanced Mobile Traffic Information and Communication System), begun in 1987, extended the work of RACS. ARTS (Advanced Road Traffic Systems), begun in 1989, broadens RACS to other areas of intelligent transport systems. SSVS (Super Smart Vehicle System), begun in 1990, seeks safety and road traffic efficiency. ASV (Advanced Safety Vehicle), begun in 1991, aims to develop autonomous on-board vehicle safety features. UTMS (Universal Traffic Management Systems), begun in 1993, promotes research and development (R & D) and international liaison. VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) conducted a large-scale demonstration experiment in Tokyo in 1993. VERTIS (VEhicle Road and Traffic Intelligence Society) was founded in 1994 to promote effective R & D. There has also been a feasibility study of an underground urban freight transport network. For the covering abstract see IRRD 870075.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle Information and Communication System", "Transport engineering", "Road traffic safety", "Intelligent transportation system", "Engineering", "Work (physics)", "Floating car data", "Communications system", "Road traffic", "Telecommunications", "Traffic congestion" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/426210" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7168636365", "doi": "10.35090/gatech/13266", "title": "An Urban Circular Delivery Service for the Implementation of Proximity-Kilometer Logistics", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Fouzia Ounnar", "Patrick Pujo" ], "first_author": "Fouzia Ounnar", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The Physical Internet (PI) is a transformative logistics concept that aligns with the goals of the circular economy by increasing efficiency, resource sharing, and sustainability. Built on three pillars, Physical Web, Information Web, and Ecosystem Business Model, PI promotes open, standardized, and interconnected logistics systems that reduce emissions, empty mileage, and costs. Standardized modular containers and advanced data exchange support both forward and reverse logistics, enabling large-scale circular flows and greener business ecosystems. In urban contexts, PI operates through networks of urban and peri-urban hubs connected by low-impact mobility solutions like electric vehicles and cycle logistics. Real time data systems coordinate demand, capacity, and routing across these networks. The circular economy reshapes logistics flows through feedback loops that preserve product value and minimize resource extraction, while also introducing new logistical challenges such as unpredictable demand and irregular reverse flows. To manage this complexity, a holonic, self-organizing control approach, based on autonomous, cooperative entities, is proposed. This enables adaptive, decentralized management of urban circular supply chains. Ultimately, the Urban Physical Internet aims to mutualize assets and data, increase resilience, improve energy performance, and enhance overall efficiency in urban freight systems.", "keywords": [ "Circular economy", "The Internet", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Modular design", "Product (mathematics)", "Service (business)", "Resource (disambiguation)", "Supply chain", "Resource efficiency" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/1853/81932" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7170172227", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.7167986", "title": "A CFD-Based Risk Assessment Framework for Drone Delivery Corridors in Dense Urban Areas: Towards Safe and Sustainable Low-Altitude Logistics", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Yansheng Chen", "Zheng Xu", "Jieling Jin", "Said M. Easa", "Helai Huang", "Ye Li" ], "first_author": "Yansheng Chen", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Risk assessment", "Wind speed", "Wind power", "Field (mathematics)", "Risk management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7167986" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4387236267", "doi": "10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-304-312", "title": "DETERMINATION OF LOGISTICS PARAMETERS OF E-CARGO BIKES FOR SUSTAINABLE DELIVERY OF POSTAL CARGO IN CITIES", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-09-04", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yurii Davidich", "Andrii Galkin", "Denys Ponkratov", "Yevhen Kush", "Ganna Samchuk" ], "first_author": "Yurii Davidich", "venue": "Municipal economy of cities", "publisher": "O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv", "abstract": "The article is devoted to formation of parameters of logistics system of cargo transportation using «green technologies». The feasibility of using a distribution center with certain parameters of the supply chain is assessed. The solution of the problem of choosing the location of the logistics center was solved simultaneously with solving the problem of routing and choosing the carrying capacity of the vehicle. The number and configuration of transportation routes depends on the volume of cargo delivery, the location of the consignor and consignees, as well as on the carrying capacity of vehicles. Each location of the distribution center determines the number of routes, the distance of transportation, the volume of traffic on each section of the routes. As a result, it was proposed to use the value of the transport work of rolling stock as an indicator that takes into account these components. The initial data for determining the effective location of the distribution center is the volume of traffic for each sender and the location of consumers. In connection with the current trends in the development of \"green technologies\" in urban logistics, the question of the feasibility of using freight electric bicycles at the proposed location of the city logistics center was considered. When using green technology, electric cargo bicycles were considered as vehicles. The solution to the problem of determining the most efficient distribution center was carried out taking into account the possible carrying capacity of electric bicycles. A number of bicycles with different carrying capacities that can be used to transport mail cargo were selected. It was revealed that the rational location of the distribution center ensures minimal transport work during the transportation of goods to any carrying capacity of the bicycle. To assess the effectiveness of an electric cargo bike, the amount of transport work performed using a battery capacity unit was used as a criterion. The value of this criterion is determined by the technical characteristics of the bike, namely carrying capacity, mileage on a single battery charge and battery capacity. The value of the efficiency criterion determined the ranks of bicycles taking into account technological parameters. Keywords: logistics center, electric bike, distribution center, efficiency, supply, green technology.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Distribution center", "Carrying capacity", "Logistics center", "Volume (thermodynamics)", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Supply chain", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Business", "Engineering", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://khg.kname.edu.ua/index.php/khg/article/download/6186/6106" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7126411937", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6161433", "title": "A Cooperative UAV-Truck Cyber-Physical System for Risk-Aware ContainerLogistics: A V2X-Enabled Bi-Level Optimization Framework", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Yves Ndikuriyo", "Yinggui Zhang", "Dung Davou Fom" ], "first_author": "Yves Ndikuriyo", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Resilience (materials science)", "Component (thermodynamics)", "Truck", "Latency (audio)", "Service (business)", "Systems architecture", "Cellular network", "Routing (electronic design automation)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6161433" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7154139484", "doi": "10.26599/tst.2025.9010105", "title": "A Prediction Method for Supply Chain Delivery Path Planning Combining Personal Preferences", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hui Liu", "Yinghui Pan", "Zhong Ming", "Buxin Zeng", "Yuangan Wang" ], "first_author": "Hui Liu", "venue": "Tsinghua Science & Technology", "publisher": "Tsinghua University Press", "abstract": "Abstract The material delivery route prediction problem aims to forecast the future delivery routes of couriers given a set of tasks. Due to the high non-linearity and complexity of vast historical data, as well as factors related to individual courier preferences, this task poses significant challenges. Most existing methods use deep neural networks based on supervised learning to capture behavior patterns from historical data. However, they often struggle with the dynamic nature of the data and the diversity of individual preferences. This paper proposes a new deep reinforcement learning framework that integrates Variational Autoencoders (VAE) to handle large-scale data features and incorporates dynamic embedding features to accurately reflect personal preferences. The framework is trained using Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) for optimized policy. Experimental validation with two publicly available real-world urban delivery datasets from Cainiao Network and two datasets generated from cities across multiple countries shows that the proposed framework significantly outperforms seven existing prediction methods.", "keywords": [ "Reinforcement learning", "Embedding", "Set (abstract data type)", "Task (project management)", "Artificial neural network", "Big data", "Data set" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.sciopen.com/local/article_pdf/10.26599/TST.2025.9010105.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204460346", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-032-21200-9_36", "title": "A Hybrid Physics-Informed Framework for Sustainable Last-Mile Delivery Optimization", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ayoub El Ouardi", "Otman Abdoun" ], "first_author": "Ayoub El Ouardi", "venue": "Lecture notes in networks and systems", "publisher": "Springer International Publishing", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Component (thermodynamics)", "Production (economics)", "Process (computing)", "Work (physics)", "Key (lock)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-21200-9_36" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W9724423", "doi": null, "title": "Development of on-road emission factors for heavy-duty vehicles. Report for March 1994-July 1995", "year": 1995, "publication_date": "1995-12-31", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "D. Bruce Harris", "Foy G. King", "Euan R. Brown" ], "first_author": "D. Bruce Harris", "venue": "OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)", "publisher": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information", "abstract": "The paper discusses an EPA project the objectives of which are to: (1) define on-road emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs); (2) assess agreement between engine and chassis dynamometers and on-road emission factors; (3) evaluate current conversion factors for dynamometer data and develop appropriate ones if needed; and (4) develop a model emissions model. The experimental approach involves on-road tests that develop the model data necessary to model the emissions as a function of speed, load, grade, and acceleration. These data are fitted to routes representing trans-urban interstate travel, terminal entry/exit, and urban delivery. A final test sequence utilizes a certification cycle that has been adapted to suit actual truck operational capability to develop data for direct comparison with the dynamometer data.", "keywords": [ "Dynamometer", "Truck", "Automotive engineering", "Transport engineering", "Diesel fuel", "Driving cycle", "Heavy duty", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/210805-development-road-emission-factors-heavy-duty-vehicles-report-march-july" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1589469724", "doi": null, "title": "DEVELOPMENT OF ON-ROAD EMISSION FACTORS FOR HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES", "year": 1995, "publication_date": "1995-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "D. Bruce Harris", "Foy G. King", "Euan R. Brown" ], "first_author": "D. Bruce Harris", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The paper discusses an EPA project the objectives of which are to: 1) define on-road emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs); 2) assess agreement between engine and chassis dynamometers and on-road emission factors; 3) evaluate current conversion factors for dynamometer data and develop appropriate ones if needed; and 4) develop a model emissions model. The experimental approach involves on-road tests that develop the model data necessary to model the emissions as a function of speed, load, grade, and acceleration. These data are fitted to routes representing transurban interstate travel, terminal entry/exit, and urban delivery. A final test sequence utilizes a certification cycle that has been adapted to suit actual truck operational capability to develop data for direct comparison with the dynamometer data.", "keywords": [ "Dynamometer", "Truck", "Automotive engineering", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Diesel fuel", "Driving cycle", "Heavy duty" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/461318" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7162066299", "doi": "10.1109/acpee69242.2026.11525212", "title": "Research on Distribution Network Planning Model Integrating Aboveground and Underground Spatial Information of Urban Planning", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-14", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Zixuan Guo", "Zhicong Qiu", "Chang Xu", "Jingxing Ma", "Ya Chen", "Lixiang Lin", "Rui Gao", "Yunfan Zhang" ], "first_author": "Zixuan Guo", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Urban distribution network planning and construction are constrained by the spatial distribution of underground pipelines. The lack of accurate underground pipeline data in practical planning often leads to repeated investment and recurrent excavation in distribution network projects. To address this issue, this paper introduces urban underground pipeline data and proposes a distribution network planning method that integrates aboveground and underground spatial information. By integrating multi-source urban spatial information, the proposed method identifies feasible routing paths for cables beneath roads, thereby enhancing the engineering feasibility of distribution network planning.", "keywords": [ "Urban planning", "Geographic information system", "Spatial analysis", "Spatial distribution", "Spatial planning", "Regional planning", "Network planning and design" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/acpee69242.2026.11525212" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4414779913", "doi": "10.59953/paperasia.v41i5b.818", "title": "Decision Making Modelling on Sustainability Cost for Travel Path", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-03", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ahmad Khudzairi Khalid", "Azmirul Ashaari", "Wan Munirah Wan Mohamad", "Nur Syamilah Arifin", "Nur Intan Syafinaz Ahmad", "Norbaiti Tukiman" ], "first_author": "Ahmad Khudzairi Khalid", "venue": "PaperAsia", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The increasing demand for sustainable logistics operations necessitates advanced optimization techniques that balance cost efficiency with environmental responsibility. Existing route optimization models, such as Prim’s and Kruskal’s Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) algorithms, primarily focus on minimizing distance but fail to adapt to real-world constraints such as traffic fluctuations, sudden delivery requests, and fuel price variations. This study introduces an extended autocatalytic algorithm, which improves route adaptability by incorporating dynamic sustainability metrics, including CO₂ emissions and fuel consumption. Using a case study of a delivery firm in Johor Bahru operating a Nissan Commercial Cabstar UD 40, the proposed method is compared against traditional MST-based approaches. Results indicate that while the extended algorithm enhances route flexibility, it incurs a 68.7% higher cost and 22.1% higher CO₂ emissions due to the enforced return path. However, sensitivity analysis reveals that the extended algorithm is more resilient to fluctuating fuel prices and road congestion, making it suitable for dynamic logistics operations. Compared to traditional MST models, the extended autocatalytic algorithm offers superior adaptability, allowing real-time adjustments to delivery networks at the expense of slightly higher costs. The findings suggest that integrating real-time traffic data and AI-driven decision models could further refine the algorithm, making it more practical for e-hailing services, urban delivery networks, and fleet management systems. This research contributes to sustainable logistics by providing a scalable, data-driven solution that optimizes delivery routes while balancing economic and environmental objectives.", "keywords": [ "Adaptability", "Sustainability", "Interdependence", "Supply chain", "Path (computing)", "Minification", "Greenhouse gas", "Sustainable development" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://compendiumpaperasia.com/index.php/cpa/article/download/818/344" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4406243733", "doi": "10.5038/cutr-nicr-y2-1-5", "title": "Multimodal Strategies for Mitigating Congestion from Urban Parcel Delivery", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-10-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hansen, Mark", "Lin, Pei-Sung", "Wang, Zhenyu", "Zhang, Yu", "Li, Ang" ], "first_author": "Hansen, Mark", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The explosive growth in e-commerce, the increasing urgency of de-carbonization, the rapid advances in UAV technology, and the continuous disruptive development of the gig economy create needs and opportunities for dramatic improvements in urban package delivery. E-commerce may greatly increase the demand for such deliveries, traditionally made by truck and van, as urban residents substitute purchases made over the Internet for those acquired in brick-and-mortar stores. To mitigate the congestion impact of truck and van traffic, as well as reduce costs and travel times, last-mile delivery should in many cases be shifted toward non-motorized modes (e.g., walkers and bicyclists) and UAVs. While there is literature on how to optimally configure urban delivery systems composed of these modes, most of the research in this area does not consider these problems in the context of urban congestion. In addition to the familiar issues of urban street congestion, in the future, we may also see congestion above the city from UAV traffic, as the use of these vehicles for urban package delivery and other purposes intensifies. In this project, we develop a suite of multimodal, congestion-sensitive strategies for urban delivery, by integrating traditional motorized vehicles, non-motorized modes, and UAVs. Building on prior research for modelling and managing urban road congestion as well as logistics studies for UAV route optimization and scheduling, we develop new models that combine UAVs with other modes for integrated and coordinated urban package delivery. The impacts of the new multimodal strategies on roadway operations and safety are evaluated.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Transport engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5038/cutr-nicr-y2-1-5" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2974897427", "doi": null, "title": "Sustainable road freight in port cities: Aberdeen and Civitas Portis.", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-05-22", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Caroline Hood", "Richard Laing", "David Gray", "Neale Burrows", "Rab Dickson", "Amye Robinson" ], "first_author": "Caroline Hood", "venue": "Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University)", "publisher": "Robert Gordon University", "abstract": "The CIVITAS PORTIS (PORT-cities: Innovation for Sustainability) Project is a Horizon 2020 initiative concerned with the design, demonstration and evaluation of integrated packages of sustainable mobility measures in five major port cities in Europe. The intended purpose of the project is to demonstrate that both function and social cohesion between city centres and ports can be increased through sustainable mobility. Within the context of the PORTIS project, Aberdeen City Council (“ACC”) in partnership with Aberdeen Harbour Board, Aberdeenshire Council and Nestrans (the Regional Transport Partnership) will seek to implement a number of measures designed to improve the efficiency of urban freight transport. A key aspect of the project regards the ways in which emerging digital technology can help cities realise efficiency gains and environmental benefits in relation to freight movement. The impact of smart city infrastructure is still to be felt in many respects (e.g. participatory democracy, digital planning, building condition monitoring), yet had already been implemented by both the public and private sectors in Aberdeen. The current use of sensor technology to extend the signal timings on key freight corridors has already seen a decrease in journey times for HGV traffic along routes but further consideration will be given to how best to assist with freight movements whilst the network is congested at peak times. That large freight vehicles are less compelled to stop and accelerate at controlled junctions also means that there are benefits in terms of air pollution, fuel efficiency and emissions. Local authority-led freight routeing and support are proven to be effective, as evidenced by previous work undertaken in the city. The extent to which the planned initiatives will contribute to the goals of PORTIS will require monitoring, evaluation, and an ability to demonstrate a genuine connection between plans and action within the city and wider region.", "keywords": [ "Port (circuit theory)", "General partnership", "Context (archaeology)", "Sustainability", "Sustainable transport", "Traffic management", "Train", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Engineering", "Finance" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/451527" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4402647590", "doi": "10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1532", "title": "Logistics distribution model and storage planning design based on multi-source information positioning in smart city development", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-09-11", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Juanjuan Ren", "Siti Salwa Salleh" ], "first_author": "Juanjuan Ren", "venue": "Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The research mainly focuses on the inefficient planning of autonomous distribution and storage modes of distribution vehicles in smart city logistics and distribution, which in turn leads to poor customer experience, rising distribution costs, and wasted distribution resources. From the perspective of information processing in the logistics distribution process, the study takes multi-angle and multi-source information collection and fusion processing strategy as the main basis to help smart delivery robots realize map construction and autonomous positioning in the distribution process, and then facilitate real-time logistics distribution and storage mode planning by robots in combination with their own states. The research results show that the algorithm accuracy, standard error, and average running time of the extended Kalman filter localization model designed in the study are 0.96, 1.52, and 105s, respectively, with the algorithm accuracy being the highest and the other two values being the lowest in its class. Meanwhile, in the simulation logistics planning, the research-designed logistics planning model has the strongest information capturing ability, and the planning of distribution routes and storage modes is more reasonable, which can provide more efficient autonomous planning solutions.", "keywords": [ "Development (topology)", "Computer science", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Systems engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://learning-gate.com/index.php/2576-8484/article/download/1532/491" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415465984", "doi": "10.1061/9780784486269.348", "title": "Research on Metro-Based Integrated Urban Logistics Network Optimization", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-23", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Zhuofan Liu", "G. S. Zhang", "Lan Zhu" ], "first_author": "Zhuofan Liu", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This study addresses challenges in urban logistics, including low delivery efficiency and customer dissatisfaction, by proposing a metro-based integrated urban logistics network. This study proposes a location-routing optimization model aimed at cost control and customer satisfaction management. This model aims to enhance network efficiency through the optimization of metro train schedules, exit station locations, and terminal delivery paths. To solve the problem, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm with adaptive weights and mutation operations is designed. A case study of Xi’an’s metro and urban delivery integration reveals the impact of train delivery intervals, vehicle capacity, and speed on logistics performance. Results indicate that the proposed model and algorithm significantly reduce urban logistics costs while enhancing customer satisfaction, offering valuable insights for the integrated development of urban logistics.", "keywords": [ "Particle swarm optimization", "Control (management)", "Customer satisfaction", "City logistics", "Vehicle routing problem", "Integrated logistics support", "Urban network", "Genetic algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784486269.348" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4416294217", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5760791", "title": "Smart Container Design for Accurate Load Volume Estimation in Urban Logistics", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Diego Remón", "Alberto Gascón Roche", "Álvaro Marco", "Teresa Rodríguez-Blanco", "Roberto Casas" ], "first_author": "Diego Remón", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Adaptability", "Container (type theory)", "Volume (thermodynamics)", "Artificial neural network", "Estimation", "Systems design", "Microcontroller" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5760791" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4318719270", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2301.12887", "title": "Modelling the performance of delivery vehicles across urban micro-regions to accelerate the transition to cargo-bike logistics", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-30", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Max Schrader", "Navish Kumar", "Nicolas Collignon", "Esben Sørig", "Soonmyeong Yoon", "Akash Kumar Srivastava", "Kai Xu", "Maria Astefanoaei" ], "first_author": "Max Schrader", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Light goods vehicles (LGV) used extensively in the last mile of delivery are one of the leading polluters in cities. Cargo-bike logistics has been put forward as a high impact candidate for replacing LGVs, with experts estimating over half of urban van deliveries being replaceable by cargo bikes, due to their faster speeds, shorter parking times and more efficient routes across cities. By modelling the relative delivery performance of different vehicle types across urban micro-regions, machine learning can help operators evaluate the business and environmental impact of adding cargo-bikes to their fleets. In this paper, we introduce two datasets, and present initial progress in modelling urban delivery service time (e.g. cruising for parking, unloading, walking). Using Uber's H3 index to divide the cities into hexagonal cells, and aggregating OpenStreetMap tags for each cell, we show that urban context is a critical predictor of delivery performance.", "keywords": [ "City logistics", "Transport engineering", "Context (archaeology)", "Computer science", "Service (business)", "Traffic management", "Business model", "Business", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Geography", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.12887" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4409253610", "doi": "10.1007/978-981-96-3433-0_43", "title": "Food Delivery Index Assessment Based on SVI and OSM Data", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yizhou Fu", "Zhen Yuan", "Yubo Liu" ], "first_author": "Yizhou Fu", "venue": "Computational design and robotic fabrication", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract The food delivery industry has increasingly become an integral part of daily life for people in China. While delivery riders experience high work intensity, current urban maps lack information relevant to their fundamental needs, such as infrastructure related to safety, urban connectivity for efficiency, and environmental conditions for health. Therefore, this study focuses on the basic needs of delivery riders: safety, efficiency, and health. By referencing existing literature on bicycle index assessments, we identified three evaluation dimensions related to basic needs: infrastructure quality, connectivity, and environment. Utilizing street view images and OpenStreetMap data from Yuexiu District in Guangzhou, we extracted 14 indicators from 3 dimensions to create an urban road delivery riding index. The resulting urban delivery index map aims to assist riders in route planning, enhance map systems, and provide a foundation for future research.", "keywords": [ "Index (typography)", "Food delivery", "Computer science", "Business", "World Wide Web", "Advertising" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-981-96-3433-0_43.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7162826191", "doi": null, "title": "An Integrated Framework For Last-Mile Delivery Optimization Using Reinforcement Learning And Social Media-Based Traffic Prediction In Underdeveloped Megacities", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Vasanth Bhat" ], "first_author": "Vasanth Bhat", "venue": "Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Supply chain management has become increasingly critical as transportation costs rise and urban delivery systems place additional pressure on already congested networks. Last-mile delivery—the movement of goods from distribution centers to end users—represents the most expensive and operationally complex segment of the logistics process, particularly in underdeveloped megacities characterized by unpredictable traffic, limited infrastructure, and sparse real-time data. This dissertation proposes an integrated framework for optimizing last-mile delivery in such environments by combining social media–based traffic intelligence, machine learning, and deep reinforcement learning. The framework leverages unstructured, real-time data from social media platforms to enhance traffic prediction and incorporates these predictions into a reinforcement learning model that formulates the delivery problem as a Markov Decision Process. This approach enables dynamic routing decisions that adapt to evolving traffic conditions, with the objective of reducing delivery time, operational cost, and fuel consumption. The proposed framework is evaluated through a case study of Bogotá, Colombia, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving routing efficiency and mitigating the impact of urban traffic uncertainty. The results highlight the potential of integrating alternative data sources with adaptive learning techniques to enhance last-mile delivery performance in data-scarce urban environments.", "keywords": [ "Reinforcement learning", "Megacity", "Markov decision process", "Demand management", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Supply chain", "Traffic congestion" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://stars.library.ucf.edu/context/gradstudies_etd_2026/article/1081/viewcontent/AN_INTEGRATED_FRAMEWORK_FOR_LAST_MILE_DELIVERY_OPTIMIZATION_USING_REINFORCEMENT_LEARNING_AND_SOCIAL_MEDIA_BASED_TRAFFIC_PREDICTION_IN_UNDERDEVELOPED_MEGACITIES.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4412342039", "doi": null, "title": "Collaborative Logistics in Aalborg:Opportunities, Challenges and the Road Ahead", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-01-01", "type": "book", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sergey Tsiulin", "Kristian Hegner Reinau", "Mostafa, Ahmed Karam Abdelfattah" ], "first_author": "Sergey Tsiulin", "venue": "VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)", "publisher": "Aalborg University", "abstract": "Cities across Europe face significant challenges in relation to urban freight transport. The economic development in recent years have boosted activities in the city centres demanding increased freight transport. At the same time, urbanization has increased congestion issues and initiatives to minimize traffic in city centres have made city centres less accessible for freight transport vehicles. A number of studies have explored how to optimize freight transport and minimize the negative externalities through collaborative logistics, a concept which has received a lot of attention in recent years. Collaborative logistics can be either a vertical collaboration between actors of the same supply chain, or a horizontal collaboration between direct competitors, for example competing logistics companies, aiming to decrease the costs of transportation and increase fleet utilization by sharing assets, information, knowledge etc. The idea is built around an example if two competing logistics companies each have half a truckload of goods on the same route, then it makes sense for the companies to share the transport, place the goods on one full vehicle and share the saved costs. In turn, this will also generate environmental benefits, i.e. minimize driving and thus emissions of greenhouse gas, particles and noise. This study provides an overview of the concept of collaborative logistics, and employs mathematical modelling to quantify the benefits which can be gained from collaborative logistics in urban freight delivery and interview-based methods to identify the challenges of implementing collaborative logistics in this setting in practice. The study shows that horizontal collaborative logistics, i.e. collaboration between competing logistics companies, is found the most suitable approach to optimize logistics within given case of Aalborg. Within horizontal logistics two approaches are found, capacity sharing and order sharing. The study shows, that order sharing is the most beneficial approach. Using real-life data from two competing logistics companies, the analysis reveals that collaborative delivery and order sharing can reduce the total travelled distance of each company by an average of 24.75% compared to the non-collaborative distribution. Importantly, the analysis also reveals that even if the participating competitors only choose to share a subset of their orders, a significant reduction in travelled distance and emission is still achievable. The analysis of the barriers shows that accessibility limitations in the city, partner selection issues, loss of a competitive advantage, issues in profit and cost sharing, different delivery structures and uncertainty regarding the branding of the delivery were the main barriers. The analysis also revealed that there is a support for collaboration among relevant stakeholders, however, the stakeholders have a low awareness of potential benefits of collaboration. By simulating and proving the potential benefits of collaborative logistics based on real data, and simultaneously identifying the barriers, one of which being limited knowledge about potential benefits of collaboration, this report constitutes an important step towards implementation of collaborative in cities such as Aalborg.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Engineering management", "Operations research", "Computer science", "Business", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/b270b847-a131-43e1-88ea-538f724f385c" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1561199226", "doi": null, "title": "Analisi ambientale di un sistema urbano: inquinamento da traffico e logistica urbana", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-03-30", "type": "article", "language": "it", "authors": [ "Barbara Sbordone" ], "first_author": "Barbara Sbordone", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "L’attivita di ricerca svolta ha fatto riferimento a due problematiche scientifiche, affrontate dai punti di vista teorico-metodologico e normativo-gestionale:\n•\tl’inquinamento atmosferico urbano, con particolare riferimento agli inquinanti collegabili al traffico veicolare privato di persone e merci; \n•\tla distribuzione delle merci nelle aree urbane e metropolitane, con particolare riferimento agli interventi di City Logistics proponibili per la salvaguardia ambientale e per il miglioramento della qualita della vita nelle citta.\n\nLe due problematiche sono inquadrabili nel contesto piu generale dell’analisi ambientale di un sistema urbano. I due filoni di ricerca sono correlati, secondo l’assunto comunemente adottato che il trasporto veicolare, e il trasporto delle merci in particolare, sia tra le cause principali di inquinamento ambientale (inquinamento acustico ad atmosferico, alterazione del paesaggio naturale ed antropizzato, etc.). In questo contesto, si e adottato un approccio metodologico di tipo modellistico volto ad affrontare le due tematiche in modo contestuale con l’obiettivo di definire interventi per il miglioramento della vivibilita dei centri urbani, attraverso la riduzione della congestione stradale e dell’inquinamento atmosferico. \nNella prima parte della ricerca e stata affrontata la problematica dell’inquinamento atmosferico connesso al traffico veicolare, con particolare riferimento ai modelli matematici presenti in letteratura per la stima delle concentrazioni di inquinanti (modelli di emissione e di dispersione). Sono stati inoltre raccolti ed analizzati dati di inquinamento a scala territoriale europea, nazionale e locale. Per quanto riguarda quest’ultima sono stati analizzati i dati di concentrazione di PM10 e CO per l’area urbana di Napoli, relativi al biennio 2012-2013. Al fine di individuare possibili relazioni tra fenomeni piovosi e inquinamento da PM10, sono stati analizzati anche i dati di piovosita.\nNella seconda parte della ricerca e stata affrontata la problematica della City Logistics con particolare riferimento agli obiettivi, agli attori e alle tipologie di intervento, illustrando le strategie messe in atto in alcune citta europee. In particolare, l’attivita di ricerca e stata rivolta ai modelli matematici di Ottimizzazione su Rete per l’implementazione di una strategia di logistica urbana, basata sulla localizzazione di piattaforme logistiche e sull’instradamento dei veicoli. Sono stati oggetto di studio e approfondimento modelli classici di localizzazione e di routing, modelli integrati di location-routing monolivello e modelli innovativi di location-routing basati sull’approccio dell’intercettamento dei flussi. Infine, e stato affrontato un caso di studio relativo all’area urbana di Napoli nel quale e stata descritta un’ipotesi di localizzazione di transit point, a supporto della rete di distribuzione al dettaglio, e di definizione del percorso ottimo dei veicoli.", "keywords": [ "Humanities", "Geography", "Art", "Cartography", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.fedoa.unina.it/9800/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161016558", "doi": "10.1145/3807211.3807236", "title": "Innovative Research on a Joint UAV-Vehicle Delivery System for the Low-Altitude Economy", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-02-06", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Xue Lu", "Jizhe Zhang" ], "first_author": "Xue Lu", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Urban logistics is increasingly challenged by the “last-mile” problem, traffic congestion, and high operational costs. To address these issues, this paper proposes a joint delivery paradigm that integrates unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with ground vehicles. Focusing on route optimization in the cooperative setting, we model practical operational constraints of both vehicles and UAVs, including payload capacity, travel speed, endurance, and delivery time windows. A mixed-integer programming formulation is developed to optimize routing decisions, reduce operating costs, and mitigate environmental impacts. To solve the resulting complex resource allocation and routing problem, we employ a Water Wave Optimization (WWO) algorithm and conduct simulation experiments across four urban scenarios of different scales. The results indicate that, compared with conventional delivery approaches, the proposed joint delivery system reduces average operating costs by approximately 26.65% and decreases carbon emissions by 53.74%. Notably, in high-density urban areas, delivery efficiency is substantially improved, achieving the intended optimization objectives. These findings demonstrate the practical effectiveness of UAV-vehicle cooperative delivery for enhancing urban distribution efficiency and environmental sustainability in the context of the low-altitude economy, and provide actionable strategies and technical support for future optimization of urban logistics systems.", "keywords": [ "Payload (computing)", "Context (archaeology)", "Sustainability", "Vehicle routing problem", "Resource allocation", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Operational efficiency", "Joint (building)", "Resource (disambiguation)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3807211.3807236" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165218650", "doi": null, "title": "Two-Echelon Delivery Vehicle Sharing and Repositioning in Hyperconnected Urban Logistic Networks", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-16", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Xiaoyue Liu", "Benoit Montreuil" ], "first_author": "Xiaoyue Liu", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "In response to the growing demand for sustainable and efficient urban deliveries, this study introduces a two-echelon vehicle sharing and repositioning problem for containerized delivery operations within a hyperconnected urban logistics system. We leverage a Physical Internet (PI)-enabled three-tier logistic hub network, comprising gateway, local, and access hubs, to facilitate efficient flows. By adopting containerized delivery, vehicles can rapidly swap standardized modular containers at hubs to reduce handling time. Moreover, inspired by the PI concept of open resource sharing, we determine optimal service routes within a two-echelon structure that jointly utilizes heterogeneous vehicle fleets and enables dynamic vehicle relocation across hubs. We formulate this problem as a multi-period integer program that integrates path-based service vehicle planning with arc-based container routing. To address real-world large-scale instances, we propose a decomposition-based heuristic with capacity-aware flow assignment, which partitions the problem into subproblems structured by echelons and regions. A case study on the Atlanta metropolitan area demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and solution approach. Experimental results show that the two-echelon hyperconnected delivery system reduces CO2-eq emissions by 45.0% and total costs by 16.8% at full market share compared to a traditional single-echelon alternative, while enabling vehicle repositioning further lowers costs by up to 17.7%.", "keywords": [ "Cloud computing", "Leverage (statistics)", "Service (business)", "Swap (finance)", "The Internet", "Heuristic", "Modular design", "Vehicle routing problem", "Metropolitan area" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.17608" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204668605", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.7367232", "title": "A Fairness-Aware Rolling Horizon Framework for Dynamic Courier Assignment: Bridging Prediction and Control", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Minh Vu", "Tho V. Le" ], "first_author": "Minh Vu", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Bridging (networking)", "Benchmarking", "Matching (statistics)", "Workload", "Calibration", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Time horizon", "Resource allocation", "Control (management)", "Quality (philosophy)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7367232" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413338469", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-032-04225-5_20", "title": "Location Optimization of Micro-depots in Urban Food Logistics", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hajer Dridi", "Zouhour Neji Ben Salem", "Hend Bouziri" ], "first_author": "Hajer Dridi", "venue": "Communications in computer and information science", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "City logistics", "Computer science", "Transport engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04225-5_20" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7164996737", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2606.17608", "title": "Two-Echelon Delivery Vehicle Sharing and Repositioning in Hyperconnected Urban Logistic Networks", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-16", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Xiaoyue Liu", "Benoit Montreuil" ], "first_author": "Xiaoyue Liu", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "In response to the growing demand for sustainable and efficient urban deliveries, this study introduces a two-echelon vehicle sharing and repositioning problem for containerized delivery operations within a hyperconnected urban logistics system. We leverage a Physical Internet (PI)-enabled three-tier logistic hub network, comprising gateway, local, and access hubs, to facilitate efficient flows. By adopting containerized delivery, vehicles can rapidly swap standardized modular containers at hubs to reduce handling time. Moreover, inspired by the PI concept of open resource sharing, we determine optimal service routes within a two-echelon structure that jointly utilizes heterogeneous vehicle fleets and enables dynamic vehicle relocation across hubs. We formulate this problem as a multi-period integer program that integrates path-based service vehicle planning with arc-based container routing. To address real-world large-scale instances, we propose a decomposition-based heuristic with capacity-aware flow assignment, which partitions the problem into subproblems structured by echelons and regions. A case study on the Atlanta metropolitan area demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and solution approach. Experimental results show that the two-echelon hyperconnected delivery system reduces CO2-eq emissions by 45.0% and total costs by 16.8% at full market share compared to a traditional single-echelon alternative, while enabling vehicle repositioning further lowers costs by up to 17.7%.", "keywords": [ "Cloud computing", "Leverage (statistics)", "Service (business)", "Swap (finance)", "The Internet", "Heuristic", "Modular design", "Vehicle routing problem", "Metropolitan area" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.17608" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2565726018", "doi": null, "title": "차량과 드론을 혼용한 최적 라우팅을 위한 휴리스틱", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "ko", "authors": [ "민윤홍", "정예림" ], "first_author": "민윤홍", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "In this paper we consider the problem of finding the triplet (S, π, f,) where S ⊆ V, πis a sequence of nodes in S and f :V ╲S →S for a given complete graph G = . In particular, there exist two costs, c u v V and c u v D for (u, v) ∊ E, and the cost of triplet (S,π, f)is defined as [수식 기호 본문 참조] . This problem is motivated by the integrated routing of the vehicle and drone for urban delivery services. Since a well-known NP-complete TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) is a special case of our problem, we cannot expect to have any polynomial-time algorithm unless P=NP. Furthermore, for practical purposes, we may not rely on time-exhaustive enumeration method such as branch-and-bound and branch-and-cut. This paper suggests the simple heuristic which is motivated by the MST (minimum spanning tree)-based approximation algorithm and neighborhood search heuristic for TSP.", "keywords": [ "Travelling salesman problem", "Combinatorics", "Mathematics", "Heuristic", "Minimum spanning tree", "Simple (philosophy)", "Time complexity", "Sequence (biology)", "Discrete mathematics", "Mathematical optimization" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE07016055" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7126177274", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6156324", "title": "Two-Echelon Delivery Vehicle Sharing and Repositioning in Hyperconnected Urban Logistic Networks", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Xiaoyue Liu", "Benoit Montreuil" ], "first_author": "Xiaoyue Liu", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Cloud computing", "Leverage (statistics)", "Service (business)", "Swap (finance)", "The Internet", "Heuristic", "Modular design", "Vehicle routing problem", "Metropolitan area" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6156324" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7110713323", "doi": null, "title": "Automation status and roadmap scenario for heavy duty road freight vehicles regarding different application scenarios", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-17", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hahn, Robert", "Hasselwander, Samuel" ], "first_author": "Hahn, Robert", "venue": "elib (German Aerospace Center)", "publisher": "Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)", "abstract": "The automation of heavy-duty trucks (HDT) is advancing rapidly, with features like adaptive cruise control and emergency braking already standard. Companies such as Daimler Truck, Volvo, and Scania are testing highly automated functions up to SAE level 4, while fully driverless trucks are being trialed in pilot projects, especially on long-distance routes or within industrial zones (e.g. TuSimple, Einride). These varying stages of development make it difficult to estimate market entry timelines for automation in the various road haulage application scenarios (alt.: operational scenarios) like long-distance highway transport, hub-to-hub transport or urban delivery. This paper provides an overview of current HDT automation status and proposes a roadmap for different application scenarios based on the complexity of their characteristics. It highlights key pilot projects and aims to support logistics stakeholders in planning for implementation. The study finds that automation is more feasible with high motorway shares and becomes more complex with unsuitable loading and unloading operations.", "keywords": [ "Haulage", "Truck", "Automation", "Timeline", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Heavy duty", "Pallet", "Key (lock)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://elib.dlr.de/217648/1/2025_evs38_Full-paper-Roadmap%20scenarios%20RH_SH_v03.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7124152550", "doi": "10.4324/9781003658856-6", "title": "Digital Twins in Freight and Supply Chains", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-14", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ish Kumar", "Vinay Maitri" ], "first_author": "Ish Kumar", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This chapter examines how digital twins improve freight and supply chain performance by linking real-time operational data with adaptive models for planning and control. It traces the shift from static simulations to continuously synchronized twins and presents a practical framework that covers data acquisition, integration platforms, analytics engines, and visualization tools. Applications span urban delivery, ports, intermodal corridors, and warehousing, with attention to disruption response, scenario testing, and emissions management. The chapter explains integration with Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), including artificial intelligence (AI)-driven routing, blockchain, big data analytics, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, fifth generation and edge computing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), autonomous systems, and cloud-based collaboration. Case examples and a conceptual predictive freight flow framework illustrate pathways from pilots to scalable operations. Implementation challenges and future directions are outlined, positioning digital twins as a core enabler of resilient and low emission freight logistics.", "keywords": [ "Supply chain", "Big data", "Enabling", "Analytics", "Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution", "The Internet", "Scalability", "Visualization", "Cloud computing", "Data integration" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003658856-6" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4414114470", "doi": "10.1016/j.trip.2026.102117", "title": "Advanced air mobility in the UAE: climate-resilient risk and reliability of UAVs versus traditional couriers", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-24", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Rachel Babu", "Ameena Saad Al‐Sumaiti" ], "first_author": "Rachel Babu", "venue": "Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), which leverages technologies like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), promises faster and more flexible urban freight, but its large-scale deployment depends on trade-offs between efficiency, reliability, and system readiness. In the United Arab Emirates, where intense heat, high humidity, strong winds, and sandstorms are common, assessing UAV performance under these climatic stresses is particularly critical. This study compares UAV-based systems with traditional couriers by developing a comprehensive techno-economic model that incorporates exponential reliability functions, detailed cost breakdowns, and an Operational Integration Index (OII), which is defined as the product of route efficiency, system interoperability, and infrastructure readiness. The model was evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations and exhibited a mean reliability of 0.604 (±0.347) for UAVs versus 1.0003 (±0.0021) for trucks. The resulting mean Performance Indices were 0.0095 for UAVs and 0.0987 for trucks, indicating substantially lower and more variable reliability and cost-effectiveness for UAVs compared to traditional couriers. The Operational Integration Index from the calibration indicates lower integration readiness for UAVs (OII = 0.288) compared with trucks (OII = 0.421). Spearman rank correlations reveal that temperature (ρ = -0.464) and wind speed (ρ = -0.456) are the primary drivers of UAV performance, with humidity (ρ = -0.237) moderate and sandstorms negligible (ρ = -0.021), whereas traditional couriers show only weak or non-significant weather dependencies (|ρ | < 0.07). The study underscores the policy challenge of balancing efficiency gains with reliability, environmental sensitivity, and infrastructure readiness in AAM, offering recommendations for regulators and planners on safe system integration.", "keywords": [ "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Truck", "Software deployment", "Index (typography)", "Calibration", "Variable (mathematics)", "Monte Carlo method" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2026.102117" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7167663023", "doi": "10.1007/s43762-026-00273-6", "title": "Revealing intercity connectivity of less-than-truckload logistics and associated determinants in Pearl River Delta", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-08", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Xiangyu Du", "James Wang", "Zuopeng Xiao" ], "first_author": "Xiangyu Du", "venue": "Computational Urban Science", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": "Understanding logistics networks is essential for revealing how production and trade are organized across urban and regional systems. However, limited research has explored less-than-truckload (LTL) logistics, which sustain frequent inter-city movements among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To address this gap, this study examines the spatial structure and determinants of the LTL logistics network in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. Using a reversed gravity model based on inter-city LTL route data from a digital freight platform affiliated with Alibaba Group, we analyzed how economic and infrastructural factors shape inter-city logistics connectivity. The results show that manufacturing value added exerts the strongest influence on inter-city linkages, particularly at destination cities, underscoring the dependence of LTL logistics on regional production systems. Cities with international trade and logistics gateway ports such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou can enhance connectivity by channeling flows toward inland manufacturing hubs. These findings demonstrate that port-to-industry LTL network in the PRD is co-shaped by industrial clustering, international port accessibility, and spatial distance, forming a hierarchical yet integrated regional logistics system. The findings highlight the critical role of LTL logistics and platforms and point to the need to address issues such as data sharing and the mitigation of inbound empty trips in regional supply chain planning.", "keywords": [ "Supply chain", "Port (circuit theory)", "Production (economics)", "TRIPS architecture", "Gravity model of trade", "City logistics", "Gateway (web page)", "Point (geometry)", "Supply chain management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43762-026-00273-6.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4252761251", "doi": "10.1287/inte.2013.0696", "title": "Book Reviews", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-12-01", "type": "book-review", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Graham K. Rand" ], "first_author": "Graham K. Rand", "venue": "INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics", "publisher": "Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences", "abstract": "In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor. The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 43(6), November–December 2013: Poor Economics, Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo; Integration of Information and Optimization Models for Routing in City Logistics, Jan Fabian Ehmke; Complementarity Modeling in Energy Markets, Steven A. Gabriel, Antonio J. Conejo, J. David Fuller, Benjamin F. Hobbs, and Carlos Ruiz; Community-Based Operations Research: Decision Modeling for Local Impact and Diverse Populations, Michael P. Johnson; Warehousing in the Global Supply Chain, Riccardo Manzini; Mathematical Optimization of Water Networks, Alexander Martin, Kathrin Klamroth, Jens Lang, Gunter Leugering, Antonio Morsi, Martin Oberlack, Manfred Ostrowski, and Roland Rosen; Advanced Planning in Supply Chains, Hartmut Stadtler, Bernhard Fleischmann, Martin Grunow, Herbert Meyr, and Christopher Sürie; and Fundamentals of Queuing Systems: Statistical Methods for Analyzing Queuing Models, Nick T. Thomopoulos.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.2013.0696" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415184789", "doi": "10.47297/wspdecwsp2515-797319.20250907", "title": "A Study on the Optimization of Campus Food Delivery System under the Background of Low-altitude Economy", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Wei Ziqing", "Fang Huixin", "Xinyi Wang", "Xi Zhang", "Xudong Wang", "Wu Yichao" ], "first_author": "Wei Ziqing", "venue": "DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS OF CHINA", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Driven by the national strategy of the \"low-altitude economy\" and the pain point of the \"last 100 meters\" delivery in campuses, the article constructs a three-dimensional collaborative campus low-altitude delivery paradigm of \"drones - aerial tracks - intelligent food delivery cabinets.\" The study first combs through the policy, market, and technological foundations to argue the feasibility of bringing the low-altitude economy into campuses. It then uses literature research, causal inference, and system optimization methods to reveal the technical implementation, operational management, and safety compliance bottlenecks of the three major links: intelligent transformation of food delivery cabinets, drone track connection, and precise in - dormitory delivery by air - rail, and provides corresponding solutions. Empirical evidence shows that path algorithm optimization increases flight efficiency by 30%, intelligent cabinet waterproof upgrade reduces the failure rate in bad weather by 45%, the composite delivery model raises the on-time delivery rate during lunch rush hour by 25%, and the tiered prevention and control system decreases the safety accident rate by 60%. The article finally proposes an industrial chain optimization path of \"data platform-dynamic routing - predictive maintenance - energy consumption visualization,\" providing a replicable intelligent and green delivery template for campus scenarios and offering theoretical references for inter - city logistics and home delivery.", "keywords": [ "Upgrade", "Drone", "Food delivery", "Energy consumption", "Delivery system", "Control (management)", "Supply chain", "Intelligent transportation system", "Point (geometry)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.wsp-publishing.com/rc-pub/front/front-article/download/129574625/lowqualitypdf/A Study on the Optimization of Campus Food Delivery System under the Background of Low-altitude Economy.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W642860208", "doi": null, "title": "Implications of the \"One Nation\" economic statement for land transport infrastructure", "year": 1992, "publication_date": "1992-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Lúcia da Costa Ferreira", "N Dunne" ], "first_author": "Lúcia da Costa Ferreira", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The 'One Nation' economic statement announced in late February by the Federal Government includes an allocation of funding for road and rail infrastructure projects over the next two financial years of around $1.1 billion. This represents around 0.12 percent of Australia's GDP. The national rail network received a boost of $454 million with road projects comprising $602 million. The proposed expenditures are placed in the context of the funds needed to keep the road system operating at an acceptable level of service. These requirements range from routine road maintenance to rehabilitation works and upgrading to keep pace with travel demand. Some of the $600 million allocated to roads is directed towards interstate links and urban freight movement. These projects can be expected to result in reductions in the cost of moving raw materials and processed goods between suppliers and their markets. To the extent that these cost savings affect prices, Australian goods will become more competitive on domestic and international markets. This paper argues that a package of improvements that placed a greater emphasis on road maintenance projects and projects that relieve urban congestion may have provided a higher economic yield than the 'One Nation' proposals which devotes considerable funds to relatively lowly trafficked interstate routes. The 'One Nation' rail projects by themselves are unlikely to result in significant freight modal shifts. At best, there will be slight increases in rail's market share on some corridors. However, the set of conditions attached to the release of funds by the Federal Government have the potential to help change management and work related practices which could lead to significant cost reductions and customer service improvements.", "keywords": [ "Context (archaeology)", "Government (linguistics)", "Pace", "Business", "Finance", "Service (business)", "Economics", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/1200275" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2591180560", "doi": null, "title": "Vehicle Purchaser Problem with Exclusionary Side Constraints", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Daniele Manerba", "Renata Mansini", "PICCHI, Marinella" ], "first_author": "Daniele Manerba", "venue": "Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia)", "publisher": "University of Milano-Bicocca", "abstract": "In Vehicle Purchaser Problem (VPP) a fleet of vehicles is available to visit suppliers offering different products at different prices and quantities. The VPP aims at selecting a subset of suppliers so to satisfy products demand at the minimum traveling and purchasing costs, while ensuring that the quantity collected by each vehicle does not exceed a predefined capacity (see [1] for an application to school bus routing). We study a variant of the VPP characterized by the addition of exclusionary side constraints representing the impossibility of loading incompatible products on the same vehicle (e.g. food and chemicals). The problem finds application in a City Logistics context, where a major issue concerns the products distribution in city centers minimizing traffic congestion and air pollution (see [2]). In particular, the problem models the practical situation where a depot is placed on border of a city center and collects, from different suppliers, products addressed to customers located inside the city. Given the variety of products requested, incompatibility constraints represent a relevant aspect of the problem. We call this VPP variant Capacitated Vehicle Purchaser Problem with Exclusionary Side Constraints (CVPP-ESC). The problem is strongly NP-hard and to the best of our knowledge it has never been addressed in the literature. We propose both exact and heuristic approaches to solve the problem. Some preliminary results are in progress. References (1) J. Riera-Ledesma, J.J. Salazar-Gonz´alez, Solving school bus routing using the multiple vehicle traveling purchaser problem: A branch-and-cut approach, Computers & Operations Research 39:391-404 (2012). (2) T.G. Crainic, N. Ricciardi, G. Storchi, Models for Evaluating and Planning City Logistics Transportation Systems, Transportation Science 43:432-454 (2009).", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Purchasing", "Variety (cybernetics)", "Context (archaeology)", "Impossibility", "Operations research", "Heuristic", "Computer science", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Traffic congestion", "Transport engineering", "Mathematical optimization" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11379/443109" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4410876612", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5276482", "title": "Energy and Carbon Analysis of Multirotor Uavs for Urban Parcel Delivery", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "SungHyuk Choi" ], "first_author": "SungHyuk Choi", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Multirotor", "Energy (signal processing)", "Carbon fibers", "Environmental science", "Energy analysis", "Business", "Computer science", "Aerospace engineering", "Engineering", "Physics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5276482" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4243145736", "doi": "10.1108/978-1-78756-803-720181012", "title": "Index", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-10-22", "type": "paratext", "language": "en", "authors": [], "first_author": null, "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Citation (2018), \"Index\", Yoshizaki, H.T.Y., Velázquez Martínez, J.C. and Argueta, C.M. (Ed.) Supply Chain Management and Logistics in Latin America, Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-803-720181012 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited INDEX Actionability, 15–16 Advantageousness, 15–16 Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), 39, 47, 154 Artificial node, 25 Benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR), 39 indicator, 47 methodology, 50 Bickering, 13 BOCR. See Benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR) Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 78–80, 84, 88 See also Urban freight transportation (UFT) BSW. See Bus-stops of water (BSW) Building the network, 25 Business logistics, 9 Business objectives and customer requirements, 10 Bus-stops of water (BSW), 115 distribution nodes, 115 families distribution per cluster, 118 location, 121 network model, 120 result, 120 total capacity storage, 123 total cost analysis with, 126 transaction cost and, 122–123 unadjusted, 119 Calaminas, 113 Capacitated facility location problem. See Two-stage capacitated facility location problem (TSCFLP) Capacitated Plant Location Model (CPL Model) structure, 157 CAPEX. See Capital expenditures (CAPEX) Capital expenditures (CAPEX), 179 Center for Latin-American Logistics Innovation (CLI), 2 Center for Logistics and Transportation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CTL-MIT), 96 Center for Logistics Systems Innovation at University of São Paulo (CISLOG/USP), 136 Center of Excellence in Sustainable Urban Freight (CoE-SUFS), 136, 139 Chapinero, 97–98 City logistics, concept, 94 Clarity, 12, 16 Clear SCS, 12 Clustering search (CS) heuristic, 20 CPLEX and, 28–32 direct assimilation, 27 function, 27 Hamming distance, 27 new center, 27 parameters, 28 pseudocode, 26 step-by- step, 25–26 Coe-SUFS, 136 Coherence evaluation, 13, 16 Collaborative management research, 11 Colombia, 94, 96–98 Colon Free Trade Zone, 62, 67 Commercial logistic activities Historic Center and La Mariscal in Quito – Ecuador, 150–151 mathematical modeling analytical hierarchy process, 156 optimization model, 157 sample size, 155–156 methodologies data collection and preparation, 152–153 data extrapolation, 153 optimization model, 154–155 simulation model, 155 stores and streets weights, 153–154 results and discussion data collection and preparation results, 157–161 optimization model results, 161–164 simulation model results, 164–166 urban logistics application, 151–152 Commercial solver CPLEX, 25 Compatibility evaluation, 13, 16 Competence and resources, 14 Competence test, 14 Competitive logistics infrastructure, 62 Conditional value at risk (CVaR), 173, 176 Conflicts, 13 Consistency, 11, 13 coefficient calculation, 49 Consistency index (CI), 46 Consistency ratio (CR), 46 Consonance, 13–14 Constraints, 23 Construction and demolition waste, annual generation, 41 Cost cash flow, 178 Cost minimization, water distribution system, 120–122 Costs analysis, water distribution system, 125–127 Coverage, 11–12, 16 CPLEX, 25 Crisp pairwise comparison matrix, 48 Crisp weights of vectors, 47 Criteria, facility location determination, 42–43 groups of, 43 Cumulative impact, 13 Customers, VALS in Panama Canal, 64–65, 68–70 Customer’s expectation ranking, 69 CVaR. See Conditional value at risk (CVaR) Decision-making tools, 39 Delivery tracking, 96 Department of Road System Operations (DSV), 136 DET. See Distribution by electric tricycles (DET) Disposal practices, 40 Disruptive violations, 96 Distribution by electric tricycles (DET), 80–81 data collection, 82 economic assessment method, 82–84 environmental assessment method, 84–86 fixed and variable costs of, 86 measurement parameters, 86 monthly cost comparison, 87 pollutants and GHG emission reduction, 87–88 productivity, 87–88 results and analysis, 86–88 Shapiro-Wilk test, 82–83 strategies, 80–81 See also Urban freight transportation (UFT) Dominant approach, 10–11 Drug trafficking, 71 ECLAC. See Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Economic Area, Panamá Pacific, 63 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), 57 Ecuador, 150 ELECTRE, 51 Evaluation criteria, 11, 12–15, 16 External consistency, 13–14, 16 Facility location, 38–39, 42, 51 See also Two-stage capacitated facility location problem (TSCFLP) Facility location problem (FLP), 20 FAHP. See Fuzzy-AHP (FAHP) Family cluster (FC), 118 Feasibility, 14–16 Financial risk measurement coherent risk measure, 177 conditional value at risk (CVaR), 173, 176 cost cash flow, 178 Free on Board (FOB), 173–174 inventory policies, 172–173 log-return of LME aluminum prices, 175 London Metal Exchange (LME), 173 methodological approach, 174 methodology, 174–177 Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), 173 net present value (NPV) calculation, 173 profit function distribution, 177 results and discussion, 177–179 sales prices probability, 179 Value at Risk (VaR), 172, 176 working capital management (WCM), 172 working capital (WC), 172 Financial supply chain management (FSCM), 172 First-order strategic fit, 13 Flow cost calculation, 24 FLP. See Facility location problem (FLP) Frame test, 12 Free on Board (FOB), 173–174 Free-scale network, 124 Freight transport, 78, 168–169 Fuel consumption, 101–102 Fuzzy-AHP (FAHP), 39, 43, 51 Fuzzy logic, 37, 39–40, 46, 51 Fuzzy pairwise comparison matrix, 48 Fuzzy scale, 48 Genetic algorithm (GA), 20 Global value chains, VALS, 58 Goal consistency, 13 Goal programming (GP), facility location, 39 Gross inconsistencies, 13 Historic Center in Quito commercial density of, 158 deliveries peak hours, 159 freight-unloading methods, 167 km2 , 149–151, 157–158 loading and unloading bays, 162 optimization model, 161–165 shop density by shop type in, 158 HORECA (hotels, restaurant, coffee shops) area, 96–97 See also Urban freight transportation (UFT) Human settlements (HS), 112–113 Hybrid heuristic method, 2 clustering search (CS), 20 com", "keywords": [ "Index (typography)", "Computer science", "World Wide Web" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": true, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-803-720181012" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128530498", "doi": "10.54660/ijaiet.2023.4.1.59-71", "title": "Optimization of Last-Mile Logistics Operations in Saudi Megacities Using Data-Driven Decision Models", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Samir Ali Syed" ], "first_author": "Samir Ali Syed", "venue": "International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Engineering and Transformation", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Last-mile logistics in Saudi megacities such as Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam face unprecedented challenges driven by rapid urbanization, escalating e-commerce demand, extreme climatic conditions, and complex traffic dynamics. Traditional delivery systems struggle with inefficient routing, unpredictable demand fluctuations, inadequate capacity planning, and suboptimal service levels, resulting in elevated operational costs, delayed deliveries, and environmental concerns. This article examines the application of data-driven decision models to optimize last-mile logistics operations in Saudi urban contexts. Leveraging advanced routing algorithms, machine learning-based demand forecasting, dynamic capacity planning frameworks, and service-level optimization techniques, these models enable logistics providers to achieve significant improvements in cost efficiency, delivery time reliability, and customer satisfaction while reducing carbon emissions and traffic congestion. The integration of real-time traffic data, historical delivery patterns, customer preference profiles, and geospatial information facilitates adaptive decision-making that responds to urban mobility constraints and seasonal demand variations. Implementation considerations specific to Saudi megacities include infrastructure readiness, data quality assurance, regulatory compliance, and workforce capability development. Future directions emphasize integration with emerging smart city platforms, autonomous delivery technologies, and real-time adaptive logistics systems that leverage Internet of Things sensors, connected vehicle networks, and artificial intelligence-driven coordination mechanisms to create resilient and sustainable urban delivery ecosystems.", "keywords": [ "Megacity", "Leverage (statistics)", "Decision support system", "Service provider", "Geospatial analysis", "Smart city", "Traffic congestion", "Sustainability", "Resilience (materials science)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.artificialinteljournal.com/uploads/archives/20260211111258_AIE-2023-1-001.1.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7126439601", "doi": "10.1117/12.3089138", "title": "Optimizing short-distance transportation through Long Short-Term Memory-Particle Swarm Optimization (LSTM-PSO) prediction", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-31", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Dejun Zhong", "Zhihong Tang", "Die Peng", "Yang Yan" ], "first_author": "Dejun Zhong", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This study addresses short-distance transportation issues in the end segment of logistics networks by constructing intelligent prediction and scheduling algorithm models to provide scientific decision support for logistics enterprises. The research utilizes operational data from a major Chinese logistics company's urban distribution network, including historical freight volumes, vehicle capacity utilization, and routing information spanning 12 months (January-December 2023). First, based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms, a freight volume prediction model was built to achieve high-precision time-based volume prediction for different routes. The typical route \"Site 3-Station 83-0600\" achieved a determination coefficient of 0.9412 on the test set with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.0432, with prediction results broken down to ten-minute granularity. Second, a vehicle scheduling model based on multiobjective programming was designed, comprehensively considering turnover efficiency, loading rate, and transportation costs, achieving an average vehicle load of 1349.2 items with a total cost of 88,523 yuan. Third, standard container and loose item loading forms were introduced, using Genetic Algorithms (GA) to solve the mixed vehicle multiobjective programming model, further improving loading efficiency to 1390 items. Finally, the robustness of the model to prediction bias was evaluated, showing stability within a ±10% error range. The research results provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the operational efficiency and reducing costs of logistics enterprises.", "keywords": [ "Scheduling (production processes)", "Particle swarm optimization", "Robustness (evolution)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Genetic algorithm", "Multi-objective optimization", "Stability (learning theory)", "Volume (thermodynamics)", "Linear programming" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3089138" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7203652539", "doi": "10.1201/9781003731580-6", "title": "Decentralized control and distributed intelligence for high-density UAV logistics networks supporting smart-city transportation and delivery services", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-17", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Tanusha Gorak", "Anisha P R", "C. Kishor Kumar Reddy", "Rimsha Sadaf", "Jothi Paranthaman" ], "first_author": "Tanusha Gorak", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Autonomous drone fleets and decentralized unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems are becoming essential to the logistics of smart cities in the future. These systems use shared intelligence rather than a single central controller to enable drones to collaborate effectively, scale readily, and adjust to shifting urban surroundings. Several drones work together in a decentralized UAV logistics system by coordinating their movements in real time. They assign their work to one another by exchanging information between the drones, network-edge devices, and cloud systems. Drones may make fast decisions on their own using edge computing by maintaining the battery life, avoiding collisions, and selecting routes. Processing of large-scale data, long-term planning, and general system optimization are handled by the cloud. Therefore, edge and cloud computing are combined to provide a versatile system. These systems can manage a variety of applications, such as monitoring the city, delivery of medical emergencies, and last-stage product shipping. The difficulties associated with decentralized UAV logistics in smart cities concern privacy, noise, and safety when drones fly overhead. Clear rules and regulations must be established by governments for low-altitude airspace. Moreover, drones should be able to communicate with other drones from different companies without facing any problems. Decentralized UAV systems have the potential to transform urban logistics, despite all the challenges. So, they can reduce traffic on the roads, speed up delivery, and simplify transit. With innovations like edge computing, blockchain, and artificial intelligence, future smart city drone networks will be safer, more efficient, and easier to use. This chapter introduces decentralized UAV logistics and discusses its objectives and possible uses. Next discussed are decentralized control, coordination, and routing strategies, as well as the integration of UAVs with smart city logistics. Later on, it discusses legal, security, and safety concerns. It then examines infrastructure requirements, performance measurement, and simulation tools. Real-world case studies, a conclusion, and the scope of future research are included at the end.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Variety (cybernetics)", "Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution", "Cloud computing", "Decentralised system", "Edge computing", "Work (physics)", "Controller (irrigation)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003731580-6" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7117319405", "doi": "10.1016/j.procs.2025.12.057", "title": "A DRL approach for last-mile delivery with robot fleets", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Martino Digregorio", "Pier Paolo Capozza", "Gaetano Volpe", "Agostino Marcello Mangini", "Walter Ukovich", "Maria Pia Fanti" ], "first_author": "Martino Digregorio", "venue": "Procedia Computer Science", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "In recent years, the optimization of delivery systems in urban environments has gained increasing interest, particularly due to advancements in Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) techniques. This paper concerns the application of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms within cooperative multi-agent frameworks for optimising urban delivery systems using realistic traffic simulations (e.g., SUMO). The existing research explores the use of RL or DRL for routing or planning individual vehicles but lacks a detailed evaluation of how cooperative multi-agent training affects system-wide efficiency, beyond the performance of individual agents. This work explores the application of DRL algorithms in a multi-agent simulation environment, with the goal of improving the efficiency of parcel deliveries. Using Simulation Urban Mobility Environment, a traffic simulation platform, a model is developed, specifically an autonomous delivery system where each vehicle cooperates to optimise the delivery tasks. The focus on the cooperative approach, examining in detail the effect of agents’ training on delivery time and operational costs. The selected approach has a significant impact on delivery efficiency and represents a promising solution to optimise autonomous transport systems.", "keywords": [ "Reinforcement learning", "Delivery Performance", "Robot", "Focus (optics)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Work (physics)", "Mobile robot" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.12.057" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7126077200", "doi": "10.2514/6.2026-0541", "title": "Optimized Last-Mile Delivery: Integrating Drones With Carrier Vehicles", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-08", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Falak Fatima", "P. B. Sujit", "Debasish Ghose" ], "first_author": "Falak Fatima", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper develops an optimized hybrid drone-carrier logistics framework tailored to realistic urban delivery scenarios. Initially, we derive the optimal drone departure and rendezvous points numerically to minimize the total drone travel distance in a simplified scenario that involves a single drone, a carrier vehicle, and a single customer. Subsequently, we extend the model to sequentially serve multiple customers. We introduce piecewise rectilinear carrier vehicle paths closely resembling realistic city block layouts. Drone battery constraints are then integrated into the model, requiring drones to evaluate their battery capacity before each delivery, leading to decisions on recharging or skipping deliveries if necessary. Finally, multiple drones are deployed simultaneously, with customer locations partitioned optimally using K-means clustering. Each drone independently serves its assigned cluster, optimizing delivery sequences through an initial nearest-neighbor heuristic followed by a 2-OPT route refinement. Simulations demonstrate significant reductions in travel distances, improved drone utilization, and substantial enhancements in operational efficiency, validating the scalability and real-world applicability of the proposed multi-drone, battery-constrained logistics system.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Scalability", "Block (permutation group theory)", "Heuristic", "Piecewise", "Trajectory" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0541" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W14521228", "doi": null, "title": "Understanding dynamic responses to mitigation policies for intra-urban road freight emissions", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-03-31", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Richard B. Ellison" ], "first_author": "Richard B. Ellison", "venue": "The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)", "publisher": "The University of Sydney", "abstract": "Freight transport is an integral component of the economy, providing benefits to businesses, consumers and the wider economy. Yet despite its many benefits, freight transport also contributes disproportionately to the emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases relative to other vehicles. This has necessitated strategies that attempt to maintain the societal benefits provided by freight transport while limiting the damage caused to both human health and the environment. Designing policies that can strike this balance requires an understanding of how firms might adapt to restrictions in how they operate. This thesis explores the dynamic components of behavioural decision making that drive how freight firms respond to policies across time with an aim to improving the design of mitigation policies for intra-urban road freight emissions. This thesis develops a novel approach to collecting longitudinal data on the behavioural responses of freight firms to government policies. The approach involves the use of a survey in which respondents are presented with a simulated scenario where they must complete a freight delivery task repeatedly over a period of time. The survey is used to collect a longitudinal dataset on how freight firms adapt to government policies. The dataset is used to investigate how and when firms adapt to government policies focusing on their choices of routes, vehicles and departure time. Using a structural equation modelling approach to growth models, the adaptation strategies of firms are analysed to see what attributes influence firms' decisions, how their influence changes through several stages of a policy's introduction and how firms ultimately respond to policies. By adding the time dimension, these models more accurately reflect the dynamic nature of decision making of freight firms. Finally, a predictive model is developed that can be used to assess how firms are likely to respond to policies intended to reduce emissions from urban freight.", "keywords": [ "Environmental planning", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Environmental science", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11568" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7168273428", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.21360856", "title": "D2.1 – Services for orchestrated deployment of new delivery methods V1", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-08-05", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "University of Wolverhampton" ], "first_author": "University of Wolverhampton", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "This deliverable presents the outputs of four (4) tasks (T2.1, T2.2, T2.3 and T2.4) of WP2 “New delivery methods and orchestrated deployment” up to M18. The objective is to integrate existing commercial logistic hubs, located in an urban or peri-urban context with all the advances of algorithmic simulation and prediction using real-time and future predictive artificial intelligence models.More specifically, the deliverable presents the work undertaken towards the development of a suite of demand prediction models and optimisation services for scheduling last mile deliveries with the use of Micro Consolidation Centres (MCCs). The above-described services, together with tools and solutions being developed in WP3, utilise a city logistics data space presented in the deliverable. The GREEN-LOG data space facilitates data management to meet the project’s kai Living Labs’ needs. Furthermore, a simulation platform for the design and evaluation of what-if scenarios and long-term planning from either the LSP or an authority’s perspective is described in the report.The developed tools aim to reduce congestion, exhaust emissions, demand response time and improve the overall sustainability of last-mile delivery solutions. Situational information including traffic prediction, route accessibility, vehicle availability and historical performance will be amalgamated to provide guidance to logistics partners.The design, modelling, implementation and testing of the first (alpha) release of each software component are shown in this report. The integrated platform providing access to tools and algorithms developed in T2.1-T2.4 will be delivered in M21 through the deliverable D2.2 “Augmented intelligence modelling platform V1”.", "keywords": [ "Deliverable", "Software deployment", "Suite", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Context (archaeology)", "Component (thermodynamics)", "Workflow", "Software", "Situation awareness" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21360856" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7172208599", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.7217550", "title": "Untact Delivery Service: Optimization Approach for Collaboration of Autonomous Vehicles, Delivery Robots and Drones", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Byung Duk Song", "Hyeonbin Jeong", "Ju-Yong Lee", "Kyungsu Park" ], "first_author": "Byung Duk Song", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Scalability", "Robot", "Robustness (evolution)", "Drone", "Vehicle routing problem", "Service (business)", "Mobile robot" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7217550" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204167856", "doi": "10.58532/nbennur3251c6", "title": "INTELLIGENT OPERATIONS & SUPPLY CHAINS LEVERAGING PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE TO ELIMINATE DOWNTIME AND USING AI TO SOLVE THE \"LAST-MILE\" LOGISTICS CHALLENGE", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": null, "authors": [ "Malleshappa T. Bhagawati", "Bhagawati", "Malhar K Jadha" ], "first_author": "Malleshappa T. Bhagawati", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Intelligent Operations represent a fundamental paradigm shift in modern supply chain management, moving from legacy reactive execution models to autonomous, data-driven, and predictive ecosystems. Historically, logistics frameworks relied on static planning and linear models, which often led to severe inefficiencies, data silos, and a heightened vulnerability to supply shocks. By integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) with Artificial Intelligence (AI), organizations can now cultivate a continuous digital feedback loop. IoT sensors serve as the distributed sensory network of the enterprise, capturing real-time environmental metrics such as micro-vibrations, thermal changes, and exact spatial data across all operational nodes. Simultaneously, advanced AI engines filter, analyze, and process this continuous wave of big data to identify underlying patterns and operational trends. This technological synergy fuels critical modern capabilities, including: Predictive Maintenance (PdM): Using statistical algorithms to catch micro-anomalies in equipment signatures weeks before hardware failures occur. Remaining Useful Life (RUL) Forecasting: Calculating precise operational lifecycles based on real-world machine stress data to enable just-in-time logistics. Digital Twin Simulating: Utilizing cloud-based virtual twins to run zero-risk \"what-if\" scenarios, optimizing asset speeds and avoiding bottlenecks without disrupting physical production. Dynamic Last-Mile Route Optimization: Mitigating the costly inefficiencies of final-leg urban deliveries by dynamically updating driver routes around real-time traffic jams and weather disruptions. Ultimately, this unified technological approach transforms the role of the modern supply chain manager from a reactive problem-solver into a strategic orchestrator.", "keywords": [ "Supply chain", "Downtime", "Big data", "Predictive maintenance", "Asset (computer security)", "Vulnerability (computing)", "Operational planning", "Process (computing)", "Service (business)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.58532/nbennur3251c6" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7151305455", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2604.03280", "title": "Multi-Agent Training-free Urban Food Delivery System using Resilient UMST Network", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-24", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Md Nahid Hasan", "Vishwam Tiwari", "Aditya Challa", "Vaskar Raychoudhury", "Snehanshu Saha" ], "first_author": "Md Nahid Hasan", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Delivery systems have become a core part of urban life, supporting the demand for food, medicine, and other goods. Yet traditional logistics networks remain fragile, often struggling to adapt to road closures, accidents, and shifting demand. Online Food Delivery (OFD) platforms now represent a cornerstone of urban logistics, with the global market projected to grow to over 500 billion USD by 2030. Designing delivery networks that are efficient and resilient remains a major challenge: fully connected graphs provide flexibility but are computationally infeasible at scale, while single Minimum Spanning Trees (MSTs) are efficient but easily disrupted. We propose the Union of Minimum Spanning Trees (UMST) approach to construct delivery networks that are sparse yet robust. UMST generates multiple MSTs through randomized edge perturbations and unites them, producing graphs with far fewer edges than fully connected networks while maintaining multiple alternative routes between delivery hotspots. Across multiple U.S. cities, UMST achieves 20--40$\\times$ fewer edges than fully connected graphs while enabling substantial order bundling with 75--83% participation rates. Compared to learning-based baselines including MADDPG and Graph Neural Networks, UMST delivers competitive performance (88-96% success rates, 44-53% distance savings) without requiring training, achieving 30$\\times$ faster execution while maintaining interpretable routing structures. Its combination of structural efficiency and operational flexibility offers a scalable and resilient foundation for urban delivery networks.", "keywords": [ "Flexibility (engineering)", "Scalability", "Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution", "Core (optical fiber)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Network topology", "Delivery Performance", "Construct (python library)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2604.03280" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4417066762", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5871916", "title": "A Bi-Level Heuristic Approach for the Truck-Drone Last-Mile Delivery Problem with Dynamic PID Control", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Heictor Costa", "Fernando José Von Zuben" ], "first_author": "Heictor Costa", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Control theory (sociology)", "Heuristic", "Control (management)", "Control system", "PID controller", "Optimal control" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5871916" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7125161479", "doi": "10.62517/jbdc.202501306", "title": "Research on the Impact of Intelligent Optimization Algorithms on Low-Carbon City Distribution Issues", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Lilong Xu" ], "first_author": "Lilong Xu", "venue": "Journal of big data and computing.", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Driven by the rapid urbanization and the \"dual carbon\" goals, the low-carbon transformation of urban distribution has become a key issue in green development. Currently, the proportion of carbon emissions from urban logistics continues to rise. Issues such as unreasonable routes, high vehicle empty load rates, and extensive scheduling in traditional distribution models exacerbate the pressure to reduce emissions, urgently requiring technological solutions. Intelligent optimization algorithms construct optimization models by simulating natural laws, enabling distribution decision-making optimization under complex constraints. Their core role lies in reducing carbon emissions through precise decision-making. Research has shown that they can affect low-carbon distribution from multiple levels: at the route level, they can shorten ineffective mileage through multi-constraint optimization, reducing carbon emissions by 10%-20%; at the scheduling level, they optimize vehicle selection and loading rates, increasing the utilization rate of new energy vehicles by over 40%; at the collaborative level, they balance \"low carbon - cost - timeliness\" through multi-objective optimization, outputting optimal solutions. However, the application of algorithms is limited by data quality, dynamic adaptability, and implementation costs. In the future, technological integration and measure coordination are needed to unleash their value in low-carbon distribution and provide support for the transformation of urban green logistics.", "keywords": [ "Scheduling (production processes)", "Greenhouse gas", "Estimation of distribution algorithm", "Key (lock)", "Urbanization", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Transformation (genetics)", "Optimization problem" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.stemmpress.com/uploadfile/202509/14056dbe17ca9d6.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7212003783", "doi": "10.1016/j.rtbm.2026.101876", "title": "Cost efficiency of mobile warehouse based last-mile delivery: A comparative analysis of delivery vehicles and facility location strategies", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-09", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Johan Håkansson", "Ajay D Nair", "Sivangi Nair", "Vijay Paidi" ], "first_author": "Johan Håkansson", "venue": "Research in Transportation Business & Management", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "The increasing cost and environmental impact of last-mile home delivery have intensified interest in alternative urban logistics configurations. Mobile warehouses (MWs), which act as temporary urban micro-depots enabling two-echelon delivery, offer potential reductions in last-mile travel distance and support the use of low-emission vehicles. However, their economic viability remains insufficiently understood. This study evaluates the cost efficiency of MW-based last-mile delivery systems under alternative vehicle technologies and facility location strategies. A unified analytical framework integrating facility location optimization, network-based routing, and cost-per-parcel modeling is developed. Two classical location models such as k-center and p-median, used to solve distance- and time-based objectives, are applied to determine optimal MW placements. The resulting configurations are evaluated for three secondary delivery vehicle technologies: electric cargo bikes, electric vans, and diesel vans. The analysis is conducted using real-world delivery demand data from two mid-sized Swedish cities. Results show that MW deployment reduces delivery distances and times but increases cost per parcel under low-demand conditions due to additional operational overhead. Electric vans achieve the lowest cost in low MW-density configurations, while electric cargo bikes become competitive only at higher MW densities and under efficiency-oriented location strategies. Sensitivity analysis reveals that demand density and MW utilization are the dominant drivers of cost competitiveness, whereas energy price variation has a limited effect. The findings indicate that MW-based delivery systems are economically viable primarily in high-density, spatially clustered demand environments, offering practical guidance for logistics operators and urban freight planners. The results support evidence-based decisions on when MW deployment, vehicle electrification, and multi-stop consolidation strategies are economically justified in urban logistics planning.", "keywords": [ "Software deployment", "Facility location problem", "City logistics", "Consolidation (business)", "Operating cost", "Electric vehicle", "Efficient energy use", "Cost efficiency", "Total cost" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210539526002828/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4404584885", "doi": "10.2991/978-94-6463-570-6_109", "title": "The Optimization Model and Application of Crowdsourcing Logistics Distribution Considering the Travel Trajectory of Deliverers", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Qiang Wu", "Jun Tu" ], "first_author": "Qiang Wu", "venue": "Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research", "publisher": "Atlantis Press", "abstract": "The problems of supply and demand matching and route planning of crowdsourcing platform are the development difficulties faced by urban distribution O2O platform.This paper stands on the Angle of the platform, considers the actual needs of crowdsourcing distributors and customers at the same time, and introduces the general idea of single-place booking processing time window.Taking into account the customer's expected delivery time window, credibility requirements, the deviation distance limit of crowdsourcing deliverers, the start and end point, the distribution capacity limit system and other factors, without considering the refusal of orders, A multi-objective optimization model is constructed to minimize the total distribution cost, maximize customer satisfaction and minimize the deviation distance of crowdsourcing deliverers.Finally, according to the characteristics of the model, greedy algorithm and genetic algorithm are used to solve it, and the case data of a unit in a city and a district of SF Company is selected for empirical analysis.The results of the study show that the quality of the method is significantly higher than that of the greedy method, the optimization ratio reaches 8.5%, and the benefits of crowdsourcing deliverers, customers and crowdsourcing platforms are maximized.", "keywords": [ "Crowdsourcing", "Trajectory", "Computer science", "Mathematical optimization", "Mathematics", "Physics", "World Wide Web" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/126005180.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2240277389", "doi": null, "title": "Modèles et méthodes pour la logistique urbaine: les problèmes de tournées de véhicules à deux échelons", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-12-30", "type": "preprint", "language": "fr", "authors": [ "Jesús González-Feliu" ], "first_author": "Jesús González-Feliu", "venue": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "publisher": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "abstract": "Ce travail s'intéresse à la modélisation du transport de marchandises en ville dans une optique d'aide à la décision, plus précisément sur les problèmes de tournées de véhicules (PTV) en introduisant une nouvelle variante qui combine deux niveaux ou échelons dans une approche systémique. Dans un premier temps, les principales expériences de \" city logistics \" en Europe son présentées, en faisant un zoom sur l'Italie, ainsi que des lignes d'action dans la planification des systèmes de distribution urbaine des marchandises qui puissent devenir opérationnels et efficients. Ensuite, cette thèse s'intéresse les principales problématiques et limites de l'optimisation de systèmes de transports à niveaux multiples, en unifiant les concepts et la notation via une proposition théorique de la gestion de systèmes de transport multi-niveaux. Ensuite, une nouvelle famille de problèmes est introduite. Ces problèmes d'optimisation de tournées de véhicules s'intéressent à des systèmes à niveaux multiples, en détaillant le cas basique : le problème de routes de véhicules à deux niveaux. Nous proposons des modèles mathématiques pour ce problème et des résultats numériques pour illustrer les avantages et les limites de la modélisation de ces systèmes.", "keywords": [ "Humanities", "Political science", "Philosophy" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00922810" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7133296894", "doi": "10.15587/1729-4061.2026.351416", "title": "Development of a hierarchical transportation planning model with local segmentation of orders and adaptive vehicle selection", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-02-27", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Ілона Драч", "Оксана Ярославівна Кучерук", "Tetiana Kysil", "Oleksandr Dykha", "Serhii Matiukh" ], "first_author": "Ілона Драч", "venue": "Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies", "publisher": "Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture", "abstract": "The processes to plan transport deliveries in logistics systems involving hierarchical models have been investigated in this paper. The task to optimally plan freight delivery for transport and distribution logistics enterprises is associated with problems arising from fluctuations in demand, geographically distributed orders, as well as limited and heterogeneous resources. The results of this study include the construction of a hierarchical model that allows for multi-level transportation planning, clustering of previously unclassified orders, and adjusting the choice of vehicles based on current conditions. Such adaptive choice of vehicles flexibly takes into account logistical constraints. The findings indicate a reduction in transportation costs by 11.7% (p < 0.05). At the same time, it was found that under conditions of small samples, the stability of cluster solutions is limited and, therefore, additional verification and extended validation are required for their practical implementation. The novelty of the proposed model is in the application of hierarchical decomposition of the multi-index transportation planning problem with the allocation of the global stage of cluster formation and the local stage of route planning. An approach to order clustering based on a limited sample of the closest applications in time and distance and an algorithm for adaptive selection of vehicles taking into account cost, carrying capacity and urgency of execution have been proposed. The model built makes it possible to reduce the computational complexity of the problem compared to classical routing models while maintaining the interpretability of solutions at each stage due to transparent clustering rules. The scope of practical use of the results covers transport and logistics companies, delivery services, urban distribution systems, and retail logistics.", "keywords": [ "Interpretability", "Cluster analysis", "Vehicle routing problem", "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "Task (project management)", "Stability (learning theory)", "Decomposition", "Hierarchical clustering", "Plan (archaeology)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2026.351416" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7133159709", "doi": null, "title": "Розробка ієрархічної моделі планування перевезень з локальною сегментацією замовлень та адаптивним вибором транспортних засобів", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-02-27", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ілона Драч", "Оксана Ярославівна Кучерук", "Тетяна Миколаївна Кисіль", "Олександр Володимирович Диха", "Serhii Matiukh" ], "first_author": "Ілона Драч", "venue": "Scientific periodicals of Ukraine", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The processes to plan transport deliveries in logistics systems involving hierarchical models have been investigated in this paper. The task to optimally plan freight delivery for transport and distribution logistics enterprises is associated with problems arising from fluctuations in demand, geographically distributed orders, as well as limited and heterogeneous resources. The results of this study include the construction of a hierarchical model that allows for multi-level transportation planning, clustering of previously unclassified orders, and adjusting the choice of vehicles based on current conditions. Such adaptive choice of vehicles flexibly takes into account logistical constraints. The findings indicate a reduction in transportation costs by 11.7% (p < 0.05). At the same time, it was found that under conditions of small samples, the stability of cluster solutions is limited and, therefore, additional verification and extended validation are required for their practical implementation. The novelty of the proposed model is in the application of hierarchical decomposition of the multi-index transportation planning problem with the allocation of the global stage of cluster formation and the local stage of route planning. An approach to order clustering based on a limited sample of the closest applications in time and distance and an algorithm for adaptive selection of vehicles taking into account cost, carrying capacity and urgency of execution have been proposed. The model built makes it possible to reduce the computational complexity of the problem compared to classical routing models while maintaining the interpretability of solutions at each stage due to transparent clustering rules. The scope of practical use of the results covers transport and logistics companies, delivery services, urban distribution systems, and retail logistics.", "keywords": [ "Interpretability", "Cluster analysis", "Vehicle routing problem", "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "Stability (learning theory)", "Task (project management)", "Scope (computer science)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Novelty" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journals.uran.ua/eejet/article/download/351416/339849" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7160378075", "doi": "10.1007/978-981-95-8060-6_53", "title": "A Literature Review on Metro Freight Transportation within Urban Logistics Systems", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Qi Wang", "Zhansheng Chen", "Di Sun", "Boning Wang", "Weichuan Yin", "Song Mei" ], "first_author": "Qi Wang", "venue": "Lecture notes in electrical engineering", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Traffic management", "Metropolitan area", "Work (physics)", "Public transport", "Supply chain" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-8060-6_53" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7144886961", "doi": null, "title": "トラック駐車と経路の時空間分析 : データ駆動型の視点", "year": null, "publication_date": null, "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jishi Wu" ], "first_author": "Jishi Wu", "venue": "Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)", "publisher": "National Institute of Informatics", "abstract": "With the rapid growth of urbanization, e-commerce, and active transportation users, conflicts between freight and active travel modes are intensifying, increasing competition for urban public spaces, and exacerbating traffic congestion and safety issues.Due to their large size, trucks occupy more space, and the increase in public space supply cannot keep up with the growing demand for parking and routing.Furthermore, their parking behavior often adversely affects other road users.In the United Nations' Sustainable Cities and Communities initiative, they are managing truck activities, which is a critical challenge in sustainable freight management.Consequently, conducting technical research on truck activities and transport management decisions and accurately quantifying the activities and needs of this complex dynamic system is crucial for supporting sustainable freight activities and infrastructure planning.The characteristics of truck parking and routing significantly reflect urban freight transportation patterns and the layout of the built environment.Areas with high activity demand are often key hubs for freight activities and potential sites for developing parking infrastructure.Accurately depicting truck activity behavior is a distinct part of transdisciplinary science and engineering, typically involving disciplines such as transportation, environmental, and geographical sciences.In complex, stochastic, and dynamic road systems, truck activity behavior is influenced by traffic facilities, road conditions, and weather, displaying significant individual variability, spatial distribution disparities, and dynamic changes.Quantitative methods built on individual travel survey data struggle to capture the spatial and temporal activities demands of vehicles fully and accurately, resulting in low-resolution outcomes with high uncertainty.Consequently, accurately depicting truck parking and routing and transport continues to face numerous technical challenges.The advent of big data in the transportation and environmental sectors presents a valuable opportunity to address these technical challenges.Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a data-driven learning tool that fully integrates truck active and transport characteristics, land use, and freight infrastructure into the policy, planning, design, implementation, and construction of truck activity management.This study primarily utilizes multi-source, multi-dimensional vehicle trajectory monitoring data, integrated with land use and meteorological data, to establish an interdisciplinary extensive data system for extensive urban freight.For truck parking behavior, curbside parking demand, parking facility planning, and route planning, this research proposes a comprehensive machine learning-based decisionmaking framework for characterizing parking demand, planning parking facilities, and recommending routes.The research implements a multi-scale (regional to network-level) truck parking management decision analysis.Drawing on practical case studies from urban agglomerations such as Shanghai, Tokyo, and Hiroshima, this research examines the relationship between the built environment and parking behavior, forecast of curbside parking demand, potential parking area planning, and route decision-making.It further details applying big data-driven learning technologies for truck management decisions.It aims to provide methodological guidance and practical references for researchers and managers in freight management, spatial planning, and related environmental fields.The primary research includes the following:(1) We utilized kernel density estimation, rank-size distribution, and log-odds ratio to compare the heterogeneity of parking behavior across different times and spaces.In suburban areas with concentrated ports, freight stations, and logistics facilities, trucks have longer stopped durations and travel longer distances, showing notable spatial differentiation, especially on weekends.It also has", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Traffic congestion", "Traffic management", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Public transport", "Competition (biology)", "Sustainable transport", "Supply and demand" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hiroshima.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2040980/files/k9848_4.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3121905664", "doi": null, "title": "Using the Crowd of Taxis to Last Mile Delivery in E-commerce: a Methodological Research", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-11-05", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chen, Chao", "Shenle Pan" ], "first_author": "Chen, Chao", "venue": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)", "publisher": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "abstract": "Crowdsourcing is garnering increased attention in freight transport area, mainly applied in internet-based services to city logistics. However, scientific research, especially methodology for application is still rare in the literature. This paper aims to fill this gap and to propose a methodological approach of applying crowdsourcing solution to Last Mile Delivery in E-commerce environment. The proposed solution is based on taxi fleet in city and a transport network composed by road network and customer self-pickup facilities that are 24 hours shops in city, named as TaxiCrowdShipping system. The system relies on a two-phase decision model, first offline taxi trajectory mining and second online package routing and taxi scheduling. Being the first stage of our study, this paper introduces the framework of the system and the decision model development. Some expected results and research perspectives are also discussed. 1 Introduction In E-commerce environment, Last Mile Delivery (hereafter LMD) is the problem of transport planning for delivering goods from e-retailers' hub to the final destination in the area, for example the end consumers' home, see [1] and [2]. Speed and cost are the two crucial success factors to LMD. Faster shipping while with lower cost is the major challenge; nevertheless, it is also a paradox to a certain extend. Indeed, when customers are given a choice between fast and cheap delivery, most of them choose the cheap one, observed by a recent report [3]. The report also infers that that low-cost, speedy two-day delivery corresponds to most customers' expectation, opposite to the one-day delivery policy pursued by giant e-retailers such as Amazon and Alibaba etc. This fact may open up new opportunities to innovative freight transport models [4] for LMD aiming at reducing delivery cost while respecting shipping time,", "keywords": [ "Taxis", "Mile", "Last mile (transportation)", "Computer science", "Crowdsourcing", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "World Wide Web", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://minesparis-psl.hal.science/hal-01226813" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7160493427", "doi": "10.32479/irmm.23132", "title": "Smart Last-mile Delivery Systems: Technological Advances, Operational Strategies, and Future Directions", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-08", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Mohammad Shadab Hussain", "Shabana Shabana", "Amiya Bhaumik", "Oyyappan DURAIPANDI", "Shoaib Ansari" ], "first_author": "Mohammad Shadab Hussain", "venue": "International Review of Management and Marketing", "publisher": "EconJournals", "abstract": "The rapid expansion of e-commerce and on-demand services has transformed last-mile delivery into one of the most critical, complex, and cost-intensive components of modern supply chains. Traditional delivery models are increasingly unable to cope with rising customer expectations, urban congestion, environmental pressures, and operational inefficiencies. In response, smart last-mile delivery systems based on digital technologies, automation, and data-driven optimization have emerged as a promising solution. This study provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature on smart last-mile delivery by integrating technological advances, operational strategies, and sustainability perspectives. Using a structured systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of Scopus-indexed publications from 2000 to 2026, this research examines the evolution, intellectual structure, and thematic trends of the field. The analysis reveals a sharp growth in scholarly output after 2017, reflecting the increasing strategic importance of last-mile logistics in global e-commerce and urban freight systems. Keyword co-occurrence, thematic clustering, and network analysis show that the field is primarily anchored in e-commerce, logistics, and supply chain management, with last-mile delivery emerging as the dominant operational challenge. Strong linkages are also observed with sustainability, artificial intelligence, digital transformation, and urban logistics, indicating a shift toward technology-enabled and environmentally responsible delivery solutions. The findings further highlight the growing role of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, drones, smart lockers, and micro-fulfilment centers in improving routing efficiency, reducing delivery failures, lowering costs, and mitigating environmental impacts. At the same time, the review identifies significant research gaps, particularly in relation to developing economies, long-term sustainability impacts, regulatory frameworks, and socio-economic consequences of automation. By offering an integrated synthesis of technological, operational, and sustainability dimensions, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of smart last-mile delivery systems and provides a roadmap for future research and policy. The results support the development of more resilient, efficient, and sustainable last-mile logistics models in the digital economy.", "keywords": [ "Sustainability", "Thematic analysis", "Smart city", "Supply chain", "The Internet", "Field (mathematics)", "Systematic review", "Food delivery" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://econjournals.com/index.php/irmm/article/download/23132/10079" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3004381718", "doi": null, "title": "Two Essays on Distribution, Fulfillment and Pricing Decisions for Retailers with E-Commerce Channel", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Khosro Pichka" ], "first_author": "Khosro Pichka", "venue": "UWM Digital Commons (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)", "publisher": "University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee", "abstract": "E-commerce has grown rapidly in the past decade. In 2015, e-commerce was accounted for 7.2 percent of all retail sales in the U.S., which is massively higher than 0.2 percent in 1998 (U.S. Department of Commerce 2017). Worldwide e-commerce sales also show the same trend and reached $2.356 trillion in 2018 and are expected to grow steadily (Statista 2017). This trend has impacted major areas of operations management including supply chain management and revenue management. Today, e-commerce companies cannot satisfy their customers’ demand using traditional distribution systems. Therefore, retailers with e-commerce channels (e-tailers), cooperate with third party logistic service providers to perform or improve their logistic services and last mile deliveries. In a report on logistics trends, same-day delivery was considered “the next evolutionary step in parcel logistics” (McKinsey 2014). Third party providers are either individual drivers working through the e-tailer’s mobile platform such as Amazon Flex (Amazon.com), or start-ups that provide on-demand urban delivery and aggregate demand via their own mobile platforms, such as DoorDash.com. In the first essay, we propose three mixed-integer mathematical models and an efficient heuristic algorithm to solve routing and location decisions for these distribution systems, which are different from traditional delivery services. We model this problem as a two echelon location-routing problem with open routes (2E-OLRP) since the third parties have their own fleet of vehicles. Besides a fast and low-cost delivery, retailers are trying to improve the whole shopping experience for customers every day. While in-store sales are relatively low, traditional retailers are increasingly offering products through both e-commerce and brick-and-mortar channels and many online retailers are also opening physical stores. This integration, referred to as omni-channel retailing, can help retailers to have a more responsive demand fulfillment process and provide a satisfactory shopping experience for their customers. In the second essay, we model the consumers’ behavior with discrete choice models and examine that how the probability of purchasing from each of these channels can change by different price and delivery options. We also propose two optimization models that consider pricing, fulfillment and inventory decisions. We show that e-tailers can increase their profit if they make these decisions simultaneously.", "keywords": [ "E-commerce", "Business", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Channel (broadcasting)", "Marketing", "Advertising", "Commerce", "Economics", "Computer science", "Telecommunications", "Mathematics", "World Wide Web" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2327" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4390017321", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4663371", "title": "Crowdshipping Problem with Dynamic Compensations and Transshipments", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ali anon", "Kerim U. Kızıl", "Barış Yıldız" ], "first_author": "Ali anon", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Mathematical optimization", "Computer science", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4663371" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165654997", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2606.20651", "title": "Distributed Model Predictive Control with Adaptive Safety Zones for Multi-Fleet Drone Operations", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-08", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Linda Mümken", "Diyar Altinses", "Michael Schwung", "Stefan Lier", "Andreas Schwung" ], "first_author": "Linda Mümken", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Autonomous drone swarms in space-constrained environments such as warehouses, inspection corridors, and urban delivery routes must share limited airspace safely at high vehicle density. Existing approaches rely on fixed safety zones sized for worst-case velocity, which wastes airspace in congested scenarios. We replace the fixed radius with an adaptive, speed-dependent safety sphere whose size scales with braking distance: tight at low speeds, expanded at high speeds. We develop both a centralized model predictive control (MPC) formulation and a distributed MPC (DMPC) in which each drone optimizes locally from detected neighbors, accommodating mixed fleets with non-cooperative agents. We prove feasibility up to the geometric packing limit evaluated at the minimum radius, establish Lyapunov stability under sufficient conditions on the adaptation parameter, drone density, and prediction horizon, and extend these guarantees to the distributed setting via a contraction condition that preserves the centralized stability margins. We further derive modified sphere-packing capacity bounds and a throughput-optimal crossing speed for narrow passages. Simulations confirm that the adaptive framework remains feasible where fixed-radius methods fail: it roughly doubles the admissible drone count, reduces traversal time through constrained passages by about 25 percent, and enables passage through openings impassable to static safety zones. The centralized variant realizes a larger fraction of the theoretical capacity, while the distributed variant offers a more realistic deployment model for mixed-fleet operations under the same safety guarantees.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Model predictive control", "Software deployment", "Stability (learning theory)", "Tree traversal", "Collision avoidance", "Control theory (sociology)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.20651" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4405835970", "doi": "10.2991/978-94-6463-618-5_9", "title": "Design and Development of an IoT-Enabled Omni-Directional Robot for Indoor Urban Area Delivery System", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mochamad Irham Syahadi", "Arvanida Feizal Permana", "Rizal Nurjaman", "Hsiung‐Cheng Lin" ], "first_author": "Mochamad Irham Syahadi", "venue": "Advances in engineering research/Advances in Engineering Research", "publisher": "Atlantis Press", "abstract": "This paper presents the design and development of an IoT -enabled omni-directional robot for indoor urban delivery systems, addressing the challenges posed by confined spaces, frequent human interaction, and dynamic obstacles in urban indoor environments such as offices, malls, and hospitals.Traditional wheeled robots often lack the maneuverability needed to navigate efficiently in such spaces, which leads to operational inefficiencies and l imits their practical use in automated delivery.To overcome these challenges, the pr oposed robot is equipped with omni-directional wheels, providing it with the ability to move in any direction without needing to rotate.This feature allows for enhanced mobility, especially in narrow or crowded areas.Additionally, ultrasonic sensors are integrated into the system for real-time obstacle detection and avoidance, ensuring the robot can autonomously navigate complex environments while avoiding collisions.The robot is controlled by an Arduino UNO microcontroller, and an ESP32 module provides IoT connectivity, enabling real-time monitoring, data transmission, and remote control of delivery oper ations.The robot's performance was evaluated in a simulated urban i ndoor environment, where it successfully navigated confined spaces, avoided obstacles, and completed delivery tasks efficiently.Experimental results demonstrated the robot's effectiveness in autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance, making it a viable solution for indoor delivery applications.Future work will focus on improving the system's autonomy by incorporating advanced sensors such as LIDAR for more precise mapping and obstacle detection.Additionally, optimization of the power management system and the integration of machine learning algorithms for route optimization are proposed to enhance the robot's performance in larger and more complex environments.", "keywords": [ "Internet of Things", "Computer science", "Robot", "Development (topology)", "Embedded system", "Human–computer interaction", "Real-time computing", "Artificial intelligence", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/126007242.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4409293258", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5211084", "title": "Solving Dynamic Traveling Salesman Problem Using Reinforcement Learning with Augmented Group Relative Policy Optimization", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "He Ren", "Haichao Gui", "Rui Zhong" ], "first_author": "He Ren", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Reinforcement learning", "Travelling salesman problem", "Group (periodic table)", "Reinforcement", "Mathematical optimization", "Computer science", "Mathematics", "Artificial intelligence", "Psychology", "Social psychology", "Physics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5211084" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7112319050", "doi": null, "title": "Metaheurističke metode za problem ekološkog rutiranja vozila uključujući vozila na alternativni pogon", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-08", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Matijević, Luka" ], "first_author": "Matijević, Luka", "venue": "National Repository of Dissertations in Serbia", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The finite nature of fossil fuels has led researchers to focus on alternative fuel vehicles, with electric vehicles (EVs) emerging as a prominent solution. Their adoption is increasing, especially in light of projected growth in carbon taxation policies, and subsidies for alternative fuel usage. Consequently, many delivery companies are integrating EVs into their fleets. This shift underscores the growing significance of efficiently routing EV fleets, considering factors like vehicle capacity, time-dependent speeds, and soft time windows. The objective is to minimize the total distance traveled by all vehicles, along with penalties for missing time windows. To address this, we developed a mixed integer linear program. However, due to the timeconsuming nature of finding exact solutions for this NP-hard problem, we introduced seven metaheuristic algorithms as practical alternatives. These include General Variable Neighborhood Search, Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure, Ant Colony Optimization (with and without Local Search), Bee Colony Optimization, Genetic Algorithm, Memetic Algorithm, and Modified Memetic Algorithm. We evaluated these methods using two sets of benchmark instances, providing comprehensive results on their relative effectiveness. Additionally, we formulated two novel versions of this problem with direct industrial applications, yet unexplored in literature. The first version incorporates the option of partial battery recharging at alternative fuel stations into the problem described earlier. We adapted the aforementioned metaheuristics for this scenario, with some modifications that allow them to tackle this new type of problem. The second version we introduced is more aligned with real-world conditions, adding a heterogeneous fleet of electric and conventional vehicles and considering asymmetric distances, which better represent urban delivery scenarios. This problem was tackled through multiobjective optimization, aiming to minimize the total distance traveled by conventional vehicles and the combined distance and penalty from time window deviations for all vehicles. For this version, we also created two new sets of benchmark instances that include time-dependent speeds and a heterogeneous vehicle fleet. These innovations in routing electric and mixed vehicle fleets open new avenues for research and practical applications in efficient and sustainable logistics.", "keywords": [ "Benchmark (surveying)", "Memetic algorithm", "Electric vehicle", "Metaheuristic", "Vehicle routing problem", "Genetic algorithm", "Ant colony optimization algorithms", "Greedy algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=139935&source=NaRDuS&language=sr" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2576385697", "doi": "10.25560/39127", "title": "Dry port strategies for congested port cities: a study of Lagos, Nigeria", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-10-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Precious Nene Ikem" ], "first_author": "Precious Nene Ikem", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The issue of congestion along key arteries to maritime terminals, although common around the world, poses a greater problem in Africa, where growth in freight traffic coupled with poor physical and institutional infrastructure affects logistical efficiency and may be detrimental to economic development. As maritime trade increases in such cities, the problem of congestion on arteries to the port becomes a growing issue and research that supports the effective implementation of congestion mitigation measures in the context of the developing countries become crucial. The use of an inland container terminal connected by rail to a port, termed a “dry port”, is one of the measures employed to reduce congestion in developed port cities such as New York/New Jersey, Los Angeles and Sydney. This solution is vital to developing cities as it, by alleviating congestion on roads, improves freight logistics which can help facilitate economic development. Dry port solutions have previously been classified under three main types - close, mid-range and distant - based on the distance of the inland terminal from the port. This thesis aims to quantify the potential road network benefits of diverting containers to a close dry port located at the rim of a developing port city. It does this by exploring the impact of a single close dry port with varying operational characteristics. These operational characteristics (variables) relate to the container allocation patterns employed and the provision of an Empty Depot Service (EDS) and a Freight Distribution Service (FDS) within the facility. The case of Lagos, Nigeria, is selected for study as it is a developing port city where an increase in freight volume, the location of ports within close proximity to major GDP generators, coupled with poor physical and institutional infrastructure affect logistical efficiency. The research involves developing a container freight traffic model for Nigeria to simulate the current patterns of containerised cargo traffic flows (the reference scenario) as well as that which arises from the introduction of the close dry port solutions (test scenarios). Within this model, the World Bank’s HDM IV vehicle operation cost functions are integrated to capture factors that influence freight routing choice in developing countries like Nigeria. The network impact of the containerised cargo traffic patterns derived from the reference and test case scenarios is the output of this model and is measured as the total container-related freight vehicle-km and vehicle-hrs in the road network. This impact is measured for routes to and from the seaports, routes to and from zones in the port city and for the whole system. The output of the test scenario cases are compared to those from the reference case to obtain the relative network benefit of each test scenario. The relative benefits of the dry port with varying characteristics are then compared to obtain results from which the main conclusion are drawn. It is found that a dry port solution with an FDS can provide a container-related freight vehicle-km and vehicle-hrs savings of up to 52% more that a dry port solution without an FDS. On the other hand, the benefit of a dry port solution is found to be significantly less sensitive to the empty depot service variable. Furthermore, the network benefit of a dry port solution is found to be sensitive to the container allocation patterns employed. The close dry port is found to present up to 40% higher benefits by serving only zones closer to the dry port than the seaport. However, the results show that the benefit of the dry port varies depending on the part of the network being accessed. For example, the dry ports with an FDS are shown to provide savings of up to 20% to the system (routes to and from all zones in the country) and up to 39% on routes to and from the port city. However, much higher benefits of up to 78% are observed on routes to and from the seaport. In general, it is found that the network benefit of the close dry port increases almost linearly with increase in dry port usage by up to 80% depending on the services provided within the facility, the container allocation methods employed and the parts of the road network being accessed. The findings contribute to the literature on the impact of dry port characteristics on the efficiency of road networks in developing port cities and can be used to formulate transport policies that address issues of traffic congestion. They present policy makers with insight into the requirements for a dry port solution located at the rim of a port city to reduce congestion and improve the efficiency of the road network. Furthermore, the research highlights some factors which influence freight routing decisions in developing countries that are not normally taken into account in urban freight models and discusses ways of dealing with them. The modelling framework employed shows how it is possible to integrate freight supply chain modelling into urban transport models. The model developed in the thesis can form part of a cost-benefit analysis of individual dry port solutions centred on mitigating congestion in port cities.", "keywords": [ "Port (circuit theory)", "Transport engineering", "Geography", "Engineering", "Electrical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.25560/39127" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7132966396", "doi": null, "title": "Efecto funcional de las políticas públicas de movilidad y última milla para el cargue y descargue urbano de mercancías en el canal Tienda a Tienda (T.A.T). Caso empresa \"Distribuidora La Zona SAS\"", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-02-20", "type": "dissertation", "language": "es", "authors": [ "Adán Chaguala Suárez" ], "first_author": "Adán Chaguala Suárez", "venue": "Repositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidente", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Through this degree work, it is intended to identify the functional effect of public mobility policies and last mile for loading and unloading urban merchandise in the store to store channel (T.A.T.) case company \"Distribuidora La Zona SAS\". In order to fulfill this objective, first, a classification of public policies (national and regional) is carried out; secondly, the operations and functions of the urban distribution of merchandise process \"DUM\", of the company DISTRIBUIDORA LA ZONA S.A.S, are organized in the handling of hygienic products for the store to store channel in the city of Cali; Finally, the operational and economic effect of the regulations in force in the time and service indicators is defined. The methodology used was of theoretical-practical qualitative type, since the document refers to subjects and subjects that can not be quantified directly; Likewise, data was collected from direct observation, through interviews, research and analysis. It is concluded from public policies that certain merchandise distribution plans are promoted that are based on the last mile and that take into account the economic development of the region. It was also noted that the existing public policy focuses on the limitation of traffic flow and access restrictions, rather than offering an integral solution to facilitate the transit of merchandise that sustains the activities of society. When carrying out the diagnosis of the operational effect of the DUM, in the corresponding zone, to Carrera 39 and carrera 27 and on the other side, between 23rd street and 27th street; it was established that, in these spaces, because they are commercial, there is evidence of vehicular congestion, as vehicles are parked on the platforms, mostly unauthorized. Finally, through this proposal it was possible to establish the value it has for business operations, to have relevant information, updated and in real time for consultation; this, taking into account that, of 12 runs developed, for 4 TAT distribution routes, with an average of 10 customers visited in an 8-hour day by three vehicles, in three zones, with an average of 20 manzanas and 32 routes of connection, the average operational efficiency was 64%", "keywords": [ "Distribution (mathematics)", "Order (exchange)", "Service (business)", "Channel (broadcasting)", "Public policy", "Public transport", "Revenue" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10614/10845" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2741127011", "doi": null, "title": "Intermodal Transport Chain Structures and Competitiveness for Combined Transports", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Behzad Kordnejad" ], "first_author": "Behzad Kordnejad", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The global trend of urbanization is evident and also valid in Sweden and for the Stockholm-Malaren region, also referred to as the Malaren valley, a region consisting of metropolitan Stockholm and areas around the lake of Malaren. In this context, efficient urban freight transportation has emerged as essential for sustainable development of urban areas. Geographic regions are being expanded due to the fact that rapid transport options have expanded the range of action of people and businesses. Metropolitan regions require freight transports that are often categorized by an inflow of consumables and an outflow of waste and recyclable material. Within urban areas there are ports, terminals and storage facilities that require incoming and outgoing transport. Altogether, these shipments have led to increased congestion on the road network within urban areas, which is a contributing factor to why a shift to intermodal land transports have been advocated both in Europe and in Sweden, thus encouraging more freight to be moved from road to rail. Another contributing factor is the relatively low impact on the environment generated by rail transportation. Efficient use of resources and low emissions of greenhouse gases are factors that are in favor of the train as a transport mode.Furthermore, conventional rail freight is commonly competitive on long distances and in end-point relations between two nodes. However, an intermodal liner train, as a transport system for freight differs from conventional rail freight transport systems, as it similar to a passenger train makes stops along the route for loading and unloading. Due to the stops made at intermediate stations it enables the coverage of a larger market area. For regional or inter-regional relations, the concept has the potential of reducing drayage by truck to and from intermodal terminals and to make rail freight competitive also over medium and short distances.The main aim of this thesis project has been to analyze under which conditions a combined transport system with the railway as a base can be implemented in the Stockholm-Malaren region. Based on a case study for a shipper distributing daily consumables in the region, the feasibility of creating a regional rail freight transport system has been evaluated.This study provides a methodology for evaluating the feasibility, regarding costs and emissions, of concepts and technologies within freight transportation chains. This has been accomplished by the development of a cost modal, Intermodal Transport Cost Model (ITCM). From the results of the case study one can conclude that a regional rail based intermodal transport system regarding costs is on the threshold of feasibility in the studied region. As for emissions, all evaluated intermodal transport chains contribute to a significant decrease in CO2 emissions compared to unimodal road haulage. The loading space utilization of the train and the transshipment cost are the most critical parameters. The latter restricting the competitiveness of intermodal services to long distances as it is not proportional to transported distance but rather to the utilization rate of resources. Hence, the concept of cost-efficient small scale (CESS) terminals is introduced in this study.A main prerequisite in order to make the intermodal liner train efficient is a stable and balanced flow of goods with optimized loading space utilization along the route. As the objective is to consolidate small flows, imbalances along the route will constitute an obstacle for the liner train to be competitive. Thus regarding loading space utilization it is necessary to consolidate other freight flows in the train in order to achieve high loading space utilization and a balanced flow along the route. The third parameter which is critical for the results are the fuel prices, where a sensitivity analysis of the results shows that if diesel prices would increase so would the feasibility of the intermodal option. The same is also valid for train length increase as long as the loading space utilization is maintained.The results of the feasibility study indicate that the evaluated transshipment technologies are closing the gap for intermodal transport to unimodal road haulage regarding transport cost over short- and medium distances and that they contribute to a substantial reduction of CO2 emissions. However, it is essential that also the transport quality is ensured, especially regarding reliability and punctuality. Thus a demonstration project is recommended as these aspects require operational testing. This is particularly crucial regarding novel transshipment technologies.", "keywords": [ "Metropolitan area", "Context (archaeology)", "Transport engineering", "Urbanization", "Sustainable transport", "Greenhouse gas", "Business", "Sustainability", "Geography", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A588631" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1594874739", "doi": null, "title": "A METHOD OF ESTIMATING SUB-MICROMETER PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS FROM ROADSIDE MEASUREMENTS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT", "year": 2003, "publication_date": "2003-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Luís Lino Ferreira", "Fraser A. McGregor", "Lídia Morawska" ], "first_author": "Luís Lino Ferreira", "venue": "QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology)", "publisher": "Queensland University of Technology", "abstract": "This paper reports on a co-operative research project between the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Queensland Transport to predict the contributions that motor vehicle emissions from various fleet compositions and traffic conditions make to the level of airborne sub-micrometer particles. Extensive data relating to sub-micrometer particle concentration levels and the corresponding contributing vehicles have been collected at two significantly different Brisbane sites. One site is a straight section of the Pacific Motorway, with average free flowing peak hour flows of 1650 vehicles per hour per lane, of which 15% were LCVs and HCVs. The other site is a signalised intersection on a major urban freight arterial route outside a public hospital where the traffic has a significantly larger proportion of HCV undergoing stop/start conditions. These sites have significantly different fleet compositions and driving cycles resulting in differing particle concentration levels and speciation. Particle concentration data at each site was collected over several weeks and matched to the corresponding vehicle counts. Fleet composition was determined from analysis of video and other data. Meteorological data (eg wind speed and direction, temperature, precipitation, humidity) and terrain data at the sites were also recorded. From an analysis of this data, the effect of various meteorological factors on the measured concentration levels was determined and thence an estimate of the amount of tailpipe particle emissions for the particular fleet compositions and driving cycles was made. Functional dependencies between time of a day (for week and weekend days) and speciated vehicle flow were developed. Flow rates for specific time of day /day of week, were statistically analysed in order to predict the average flow for those periods of interest within a 95% confidence level. Vehicle flow rates were further categorised by fuel type. From this analysis, the flow rates for different fuel categories for the period of interest can be predicted. From the statistical analysis of this data, models have been developed that can predict worst case levels of sub-micrometer particle concentrations with a satisfactory level of confidence. The models also indicate how the concentrations are affected by changes in the proportions of petrol/diesel vehicles and increases in CVs. This has significance for use in modelling to assess environmental impacts of alternative transport options.", "keywords": [ "Environmental science", "Meteorology", "Wind speed", "Terrain", "Micrometer", "Particle (ecology)", "Humidity", "Relative humidity", "Precipitation", "Traffic flow (computer networking)", "Atmospheric sciences", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://eprints.qut.edu.au/3633/1/3633.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4362481220", "doi": "10.32657/10356/165471", "title": "Optimal bus service operation considering bus bunching elimination, bus contracting and collaborative freight transport", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chang Yu Zhou" ], "first_author": "Chang Yu Zhou", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Public transport services are important assets to any major city. They play a vital role in improving urban mobility, reducing car dependency, and mitigating traffic congestion. It is ideal if public transport services are financially sustainable with expedient service quality. To achieve this goal, the key lies in how the full capacity of the existing public transport system can be exploited through optimal decisions on planning and operation. This thesis uses public bus services as an example to elaborate on how to achieve a more sustainable public transit system via determining the best decisions in three dimensions: self-operation, i.e., how to design the optimal bus service operation strategies at the operational level; outsourcing, i.e., how to determine the best bus contracting policy in the strategic planning level, and sharing, i.e., how to introduce collaborative freight transport service into existing bus transit system in the tactic level. Most specifically, we select one topic for each dimension, and these topics include bus bunching mitigation, bus routes packaging and allocation to private bus service operators, and collaborative freight transport. Various control mechanisms have been recommended to alleviate the issue of bus bunching. We notice that existing measures focus on controlling the bus operation directly from the operator’s perspective. Thus, we present a novel control technique by providing passengers with real-time wait time information and degrees of in-vehicle congestion. We describe the passenger boarding behavior under the action of crowding information provision, providing a bus traffic propagation model to simulate the bus movements with several system performance metrics. The indirect effects of information on passengers’ boarding choice, rather than controlling the bus vehicle directly, work as effectively as the conventional bus bunching measures, indicating a supplement strategy to the existing control measures in mitigating bus bunching problems. When bus service central planners need to contract out the existing bus routes to private service operators, one intrinsic problem to be addressed is how to best bundle bus routes into packages. In this problem, the government agency acts as a leader, packaging and allocating the bus routes to service operators to ensure the best system performance. Accordingly, the private service operators should consider the competing service operator’s strategy and travelers' choice behavior to maximize their profits. A tri-level programming model is constructed to describe the problem. An Augmented Lagrangian method for the intermediate level and an enumeration method, binary differential evolution, and Monte Carlo Tree Search for the upper-level model under different problem scales are developed to solve the model. The results provide insights and instructions to government agencies in policy making in bus route packaging and allocation. In the presence of a rapidly growing demand for urban delivery, existing bus services are recommended to offer collaborative freight transport services, especially during off-peak hours when the bus service capacity is excessive for passenger transportation. We investigate the impacts on bus service quality considering freight transport, which fills in the gap in the existing literature that generally assume the collaborative freight service has no effects on passenger service quality. An exact dynamic programming method is proposed for a closed circular bus route with a transshipment station at the middle position, aiming to obtain the least overall time costs involving delivery delays. We further determine the optimal fleet sizes, solved by Benders Decomposition with convergence proof. In general, bus service quality is determined by synergistic factors. Moreover, the overall time costs roughly increase by 10% at a moderate demand level.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Service (business)", "Automotive engineering", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Business", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/165471" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4401517290", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-4711383/v1", "title": "Vehicle-drone collaborative distribution path planning based on neural architecture search under the influence of carbon emissions", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-08-12", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jia Ma", "Xinru Ma", "C. T. Li", "Tongyan Li" ], "first_author": "Jia Ma", "venue": "Research Square", "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Computer science", "Artificial neural network", "Genetic algorithm", "Integer programming", "Motion planning", "Mathematical optimization", "Environmental economics", "Artificial intelligence", "Machine learning", "Algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4711383/v1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2016847346", "doi": "10.12672/ksis.2012.20.4.029", "title": "The Research about Map Model of 3D Road Network for Low-carbon Freight Transportation", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-08-31", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sang-Hoon Lee" ], "first_author": "Sang-Hoon Lee", "venue": "Journal of Korea Spatial Information Society", "publisher": null, "abstract": "최근 도시와 도시간의 물류량 증가로 인하여 교통혼잡비용이 증가하고, 기후변화협약에 따른 이산화탄소 감축이 의무화됨에 따라 저탄소 화물운송체계 개념이 소개되었다. 연료소비량 및 탄소배출량을 고려한 화물운송계획을 수립하기 위해서는 현실의 도로 기하정보를 표현하는 3차원 도로망도가 필수적이다. 본 연구는 화물운송의 주요대상인 도시와 도시간의 간선도로를 중심으로 지형 및 도로구조물을 고려하기 위하여 기존 2차원 교통주제도와 수치표고모델을 이용하여 도로의 실제 기하정보를 반영하는 3차원 도로망도 모델을 제안한다. 제안 모델은 실험 도로구간(평택항-의왕IC)을 대상으로 구축하고 GPS/INS 측량을 통해 구축한 3차원 도로망도가 도로의 기하정보를 잘 표현함을 검증하였다(RMSE=0.87m). 또한, 연료소모량 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존의 2차원 도로망도에 비해 제안모델이 현실도로의 연료소모량을 효과적으로 반영함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 복잡한 도로의 3차원 기하정보를 반영하여 에너지 및 환경문제를 효과적으로 고려할 수 있는 Green-ITS기반의 화물 경로계획 및 네비게이션 시스템 개발이 가능할 것이다. The low-carbon freight transportation system was introduced due to increase traffic congestion cost and carbon-dioxide for global climate change according to expanding city logistics demands. It is necessary to create 3D-based road network map for representing realistic road geometry with consideration of fuel consumption and carbon emissions. This study propose that 3D road network model expressed to realistic topography and road structure within trunk road for intercity freight through overlaying 2D-based transport-related thematic map and 1m-resolution DEM. The 3D-based road network map for the experimental road sections(Pyeongtaek harbor-Uiwang IC) was verified by GPS/INS survey and fuel consumption simulation. The results corresponded to effectively reflect realistic road geometry (RMSE=0.87m) except some complex structure such as overpass, and also actual fuel consumption. We expect that Green-based freight route planning and navigation system reflected on 3D geometry of complex road structure will be developed for effectively resolving energy and environmental problems.", "keywords": [ "Energy consumption", "Transport engineering", "Fuel efficiency", "Global Positioning System", "Greenhouse gas", "Road map", "Road transport", "Environmental science", "Computer science", "Geography", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201228439147519.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204972689", "doi": null, "title": "ダカールにおける都市貨物配送向けLNG導入の経済的・環境的最適化", "year": null, "publication_date": null, "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Marieme Male" ], "first_author": "Marieme Male", "venue": "Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)", "publisher": "National Institute of Informatics", "abstract": "Urban freight transportation is a critical yet emission-intensive component of urban energy supply chains, particularly in rapidly developing cities.In Senegal's Dakar metropolitan region, the distribution of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is nearly entirely dependent on diesel-powered heavy-duty vehicles, raising concerns regarding fuel price volatility and environmental performance.This thesis evaluates the economic and environmental implications of introducing liquefied natural gas (LNG) trucks into Dakar's urban LPG distribution system using a novel multi-objective optimization framework.A system-level monthly freight distribution model is developed to represent deliveries from a centralized storage facility to eight urban depots using heavy-duty rigid trucks.Depot demand is estimated via population-weighted allocation, and representative delivery routes are geospatially determined.Five operational scenarios are analyzed, ranging from a baseline Euro VI diesel fleet to full LNG adoption under Euro VI standards.The methodology incorporates three key innovations: (1) payload-sensitive fuel consumption modeling based on vehicle dynamics; (2) probabilistic methane emission modeling accounting for upstream and combustion methane slip across Low, Medium, and High scenarios; and (3) a biobjective linear optimization model solved via the ε-constraint method to explicitly capture trade-offs between operating cost minimization and greenhouse gas emission reduction.Results indicate that LNG adoption can reduce operating costs by 30-65% depending on LNG penetration and price assumptions.However, under Medium and High methane emission scenarios, LNG-dominant configurations increase total well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions by 5-12% compared to modern diesel alternatives, despite lower tailpipe CO₂ emissions.The optimization reveals a clear Pareto frontier with distinct trade-offs: dieseldominated fleets minimize emissions but maximize costs, while LNG-dominated fleets minimize costs but increase emissions under conservative methane assumptions.Mixed fleets offer balanced but non-dominant solutions.These findings challenge the assumption that LNG universally offers climate benefits for urban freight.The study contributes a decision-support framework for evaluating fuel transitions in data-scarce urban contexts and provides evidence that LNG adoption in Dakar's LPG distribution requires stringent methane monitoring and mitigation to avoid unintended climate consequences.The methodology and insights are transferable to other developing cities considering natural gas as a transitional freight fuel.", "keywords": [ "Greenhouse gas", "Liquefied natural gas", "Diesel fuel", "Truck", "Natural gas", "Methane", "Fuel efficiency", "Gasoline", "Liquefied petroleum gas" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://oacis.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2001099/files/kam4907.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7167426823", "doi": "10.69971/sl.3.2.2026.66", "title": "Last-Mile Delivery Challenges in Bangladesh's E-Commerce Industry: A systematic Literature Review", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-05", "type": "review", "language": null, "authors": [ "Md. Gulam Mokta Dhir" ], "first_author": "Md. Gulam Mokta Dhir", "venue": "Social Lens", "publisher": null, "abstract": "In highly digitalizing South Asian markets, last mile delivery (LMD) is the most expensive, complex and customer facing part of the ecommerce supply chain. Current study is a systematic literature review of academic and grey literature covering the challenges of last mile delivery in e-commerce in Bangladesh from 2010-2026. A multi-source search using combinations of the terms “last-mile delivery”, “e-commerce”, “logistics”, “gig economy” and “Bangladesh” was undertaken with the assistance of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) framework. Given the limited number of indexed, peer-reviewed scholarship on the last-mile logistics specifically for the Bangladesh context, the review included a mix of peer-reviewed studies and high-quality institutional reports, regulatory documents and industry analyses – a hybrid approach recommended for systematic reviews of practice-driven and under-theorized topics in emerging markets. Of these, about 125 unique records were included in the thematic synthesis based on topical relevance, language eligibility and date (2010-2026), resulting in the retention of 46 sources. The review identified that there are eight interrelated thematic clusters of challenge: (1) infrastructural and geographic constraints; (2) urban traffic congestion and its economic cost; (3) cash-on-delivery dependency and payment friction; (4) consumer trust and service-quality gaps; (5) precarious gig-economy labor conditions; (6) reverse logistics and product-return burdens; (7) nascent technology-enabled innovation (micro-warehousing, parcel lockers, route optimization); and (8) a persistent rural–urban delivery divide that constrains market expansion beyond Dhaka. This study is an important step towards synthesizing two decades of disjointed academic, industry and labor-based research on the last-mile delivery system in Bangladesh, and is a research blueprint for tackling the most significant empirical challenges facing the sector.", "keywords": [ "Systematic review", "Grey literature", "Scholarship", "Payment", "Thematic analysis", "Last mile (transportation)", "Thematic map" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://socialsciencesresearch.com/SL/article/download/66/40" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4417308558", "doi": "10.31449/inf.v49i17.9763", "title": "Green Path Optimization for E-Commerce Logistics under Carbon Neutrality Goals: A Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGWO) Approach", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-12", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Wei Zheng" ], "first_author": "Wei Zheng", "venue": "Informatica", "publisher": "Slovenian Society Informatika", "abstract": "In e-commerce logistics path planning, it is difficult to balance efficiency and environmental protection due to the lack of carbon emission considerations and multi-objective coordination. To address this problem, this paper constructs a green logistics path optimization method based on the MOGWO (MultiObjective Grey Wolf Optimizer) algorithm. This method first constructs a graph structure containing distribution centers, customer nodes, and path edges, and sets constraints such as transportation distance, time window, and vehicle capacity; then a linear carbon emission estimation model based on path length, vehicle type, and unit energy consumption parameters is established to provide input for multi-objective optimization. By unifying the dual objectives of minimizing transportation costs and minimizing carbon emissions, and introducing a time window violation penalty term, the path population is dynamically updated using the grey wolf hierarchical search mechanism of MOGWO, and the Pareto frontier is maintained in combination with non-dominated sorting to achieve target equilibrium. The experimental results show that the delivery costs of MOGWO standard orders, expedited orders, large orders, and overseas orders are 3.48, 4.98, 6.82, and 8.47 yuan per order, respectively, and the total transportation costs are 3482.56, 4998.72, 6815.34, and 8483.19 yuan, respectively, which are better than the traditional NSGA-II, PSO, and ACO, and the transportation cost control is efficient; the carbon emissions are reduced by 28.1%, 31.1%, 32.6%, and 32.9%, respectively, achieving effective control of carbon emissions. Based on MOGWO analysis, when the order delivery density is high and the vehicle loading rate increases from 40% to 90%, the unit carbon emission intensity decreases from 0.91kg/km to 0.649kg/km, and the total carbon emissions decrease from 1294.66kg to 899.54kg. The high loading rate can significantly improve carbon efficiency. The average route length in the urban distribution area is 12.84 km, and the average delivery time is 38.7 min, which is better than the 43.37 km and 96.5 min of the cross-regional distribution area, indicating that compact spatial structure and superior traffic conditions are important factors in achieving route optimization.", "keywords": [ "Path (computing)", "Sorting", "Energy consumption", "Greenhouse gas", "Multi-objective optimization", "Carbon fibers", "Carbon neutrality", "Graph", "Dual (grammatical number)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/9763/5749" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7162318970", "doi": "10.1002/9781394351091.ch13", "title": "AI‐driven Data Analytics for Smart Urban Transport: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Trends", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-15", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [ "A. Jasmine Sugil", "K. Merriliance", "Mary Immaculate Sheela Lourdusamy" ], "first_author": "A. Jasmine Sugil", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The growing complexity of urban transportation networks, fueled by rapid urbanization and rising demand for mobility, has created significant difficulties such as traffic congestion, inefficient resource allocation, and environmental sustainability. The chapter explores the transformative role that data analytics might play in solving these difficulties and its potential in improving urban transportation systems through modern technologies. Such large and varied datasets are generated by the widespread use of GPS tracks, IoT device data, and information from ticketing systems, mobile applications, and environmental sensors in urban transportation. Researchers and policymakers can use AI-based data analytics approaches to forecast traffic trends, optimize routes, and build adaptive traffic control systems that minimize congestion and improve commuter experience. Data Analytics in transportation in the city is an important technology employed to improve transportation systems and provide passengers with a comfortable travel experience. The importance of Data Analytics in urban transportation is of high significance in many aspects. Data analytics reduces traffic congestion by gathering data from sources like CCTV, GPS, and sensors to analyze and solve congestion problems, especially in cities like Chennai. It is also important for the planning of public transport because analytics of data in service usage helps improve buses, metro trains, and cabs. Data analytics benefits road safety because it reveals the accident-prone areas and on which such preventive measures can be undertaken by the authorities. In addition to this, there is another very significant advantage due to environmental impact because data analytics helps estimate carbon emissions and create transportation plans more environmentally friendly. The chapter is studying the most important techniques used in urban transport data, such as future modeling, visualization of real-time data visualization and deviations. This technology allows the transport authority to monitor the performance of the system, reduce disruptions, and enable efficiency and reliable operation. Modern communication technologies facilitate the understanding of intricate data, making it possible for stakeholders to make decisions and plan collaboratively. One of the central issues is the use of data for achieving sustainable urban transport. The chapter illustrates how analytics can help promote energy-efficient transport routes, optimize, and even redesign public transit systems or develop multimodal transportation strategies, and thus mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. AI-based monitoring optimization greatly increases the operational lifespan and reliability of transport infrastructure and fleets, encouraging sustainability. A case study from a real inflammatory implementation describes the practical benefits of information analysis in urban distribution. Examples include adaptive visitor signs that dynamically use a conversation for traffic flow, calls to predict the travel structures, and to use of real-time information for better planning and operating performance for the public transit network. The bankruptcy also emphasizes increasing trends and technologies with Internet of Things (IoT), 5G connections, and edge calculations, which can revolutionize the information chain, processing, and vigilance in urban dynamics. These reforms pave the way for smart, more related and adaptive ecosystems for urban distribution. Overall, this chapter gives a complete examination of the transformative power of AI-driven information analytics in shaping the future of clever city shipping. If information analysis strategies are properly followed, future urban transportation will become extra efficient and more secure. By focusing on the state-of-the-art improvements, challenges, and destiny tendencies, it gives insights into how AI can create extra green, secure, and sustainable city transportation structures so that it will improve the high-quality of existence for hundreds of thousands of urban residents international.", "keywords": [ "Data analysis", "Big data", "Analytics", "Field (mathematics)", "Data collection", "Key (lock)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394351091.ch13" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4247401743", "doi": "10.1108/s2044-994120140000006017", "title": "Index", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-12-03", "type": "paratext", "language": "en", "authors": [], "first_author": null, "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Citation (2014), \"Index\", Sustainable Logistics (Transport and Sustainability, Vol. 6), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2044-994120140000006017 Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright © 2014 Emerald Group Publishing Limited INDEX Acting and shifting see Four As of sustainable logistics Aerodynamics rail transport, 48 road transport, 8–9, 47, 48, 55 Alternative fuels, 9, 33, 50–3 biofuels, 4, 9, 12, 50–1, 52, 53 compressed NG (CNG), 51, 52 dimethyl ether (DME), 51 dual fuel vehicles, 9, 51, 52 electricity see Electric vehicles; Electricity hybrid engines, 52 hydrogen, 4, 9, 51 liquid petroleum gas (LPG), 51 natural gas (NG), 5, 9, 51, 52 passenger transport, 4 use in logistics, 51–3 Amazon, 66 Anticipation see Four As of sustainable logistics ArcGIS Network Analysis, 63, 70, 71, 73–5 Austria rail transport, 37, 39 Avoidance see Four As of sustainable logistics Awareness see Four As of sustainable logistics Backloads, 41–2, 43–4 see also Collaboration Barges break-even distances, xxi, 231–4, 235, 236, 237 load factor, 237 vehicle technology, 49–50 see also Inland waterways Belgium inland waterways, 231–4 LAMBIT, 228, 231–4 rail transport, 37 urban light rail, Brussels, xxi, 255–60 Berlin intermodal shift, 167 bestLog programme, 38, 58 BESTUFS, 58 Biofuels, 4, 9, 12, 50–1, 52 biodiesel, 9, 50, 52 Greenenergy, 51–2 mixtures, 53 rail transport, 53 rapeseed, 52 Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation, 51 second-generation, 50–1, 52 sustainability, 50, 52, 53 Biogas, 9 Break-even distances cost analyses, 222, 236–8 cost modelling, 224–5, 227 defining, 220, 223 inland waterways, xxi, 231–4, 235, 236, 237 intermodal transport, xxi, 217–41 literature, 219–27 lowering, 234–40 measurement for distance, 222–3 rail transport, xxi, 227–31 reported break-even distances, 223–7 theory on break-even analysis, 219–23 Brussels urban light rail, xxi, 255–60 Bulgaria road transport, 37 Bundling, xix, 10, 52, 281, 283 city logistics, 267 EFVs, 279 Twin Hub project, 227–31 Business models (BM), 196–200 challenges, 200–1 complete transport company model, 198 Coop, 201–12 customer interface, 203–5 defining, 196–7 financial aspects, 207 four pillars, 197, 202–7 infrastructure management, 205–7 intermodal transport, xx–xxi, 193–214 local cooperation model, 198 nine building blocks, 197 Osterwalder's model, 193, 197, 198–207, 208–9 own–account transport model, xxi, 129, 193, 195, 198–9, 201–14 product, 202–3 subcontractor model, 198 Volvo, 201, 202–12 Canals see Inland waterways Cap & trade system, 23–4 Carbon footprint, 18, 19–20, 21, 90 Cargo Domizil, 38 Cargo trams, xxi, 245–61 Amsterdam, 249–51 Brussels, xxi, 255–60 Dresden, 249–51 literature, 248–55 Paris, 249–51 Vienna, 249–51 Zurich, 249–51 see also Electric freight vehicles Cargohopper, 277, 282–4 Cellulosic crops, 51 rapeseed, 52 City logistics, xxi, 57, 59, 266–7 bundling and, 267 CO2 emissions reduction, 9–10 EFVs and, xxiii, 266–9 European Union, 267, 268 SEVs and, xxiii, 295–313 traffic disturbance, 299, 300, 312 Clean air programme, xvii CLECAT, 48, 55–6 Climate change, xxii, 166 fossil fuels and, 4, 5 mode shift and, 10–11 CNG (Compressed natural gas), 51, 52 CO2 emissions, xvi, xvii, 1–27 biofuels and, 4, 9, 12, 50–1, 52 carbon footprint, 18, 19–20, 21 city logistics, 9–10 delivery services and, 63–80 economic growth and, 4–5, 14, 25–6 environmental reporting, 54–5 EU-ETS, 24 European Union, 3–4, 9–10, 12, 14, 19, 26, 218, 271 Lean and Green programme, xvi, 16 levers for reducing, 5–7 mitigation see Mitigation measures objective and reliable information, 19–20 passenger transport, 4, 66 policy instruments, 14, 20–4 reduction, xvi, xvii, 1–27 retail chains, 90–1 supply chain management, 6–7, 10–11 taxation, 22–3 VMT and, 63–80 warehouse location, 66, 67, 71, 73 Coastal freight, xx, 167 accessibility/load size, xx Coca-Cola, 282 Cold ironing, 50 Collaboration, 41–2 backloads, 41–2, 43–4 horizontal, xix, 115–16, 121 longitudinal, 115 Company reports, 54–5 Compressed natural gas (CNG), 51, 52 Consolidation of goods, 45–6 Containerisation, 37 swap bodies, 37, 39, 49 Contract logistics, 46 Contracts green logistics contracts, 85, 92–3, 97–8, 99, 100, 106 intermodal transport, 206–7 Coop intermodal transport, 201–12 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting green retail chains, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 93, 94, 96, 100, 102, 103 Czech Republic road transport, 37 DB Schenker, 52, 53, 205, 206 Delivery services, xvii-xviii, 46 ArcGIS Network Analysis, 63, 70, 71, 73–5 depot locations, 71–3 e-commerce, 57, 66 emissions factors, 70–1 environmental effects, 63–80 greenhouse gas emissions, 63–80 household data, 73 large companies, 46 last-mile passenger vehicles, xvii-xviii, 68, 69, 73–4, 75–80 literature review, 66–7 local depot truck delivery, 68, 69, 75–80 network data set, 68–70 reductions in externalities, 66–7 regional warehouse truck delivery, 68, 69, 75–80 vehicle travel, 73–5 VMT and pollutants, 63–80 warehouse location, 66, 67, 71, 73 Depot location, 45, 71, 73 see also Warehouse location Diesel, xxii, 33, 51, 53, 246 biodiesel, 9, 50, 52 locomotives, 48 Dimethyl ether (DME), 51 Double-decker trailers, 42–3 Dresden cargo trams, xxi, 249–51 Driver feedback, 6, 9, 54 Driver training, 42, 53–4 fuel efficient driving, 6, 9, 53–4, 55 Dual fuel vehicles, 9, 51, 52 conversion kit, 52 e-commerce, 57, 66 Eco-driving, 53–4 see also Fuel efficiency Eco-efficiency definition, 140 packaging, 139, 140–1 supply chain integration, 140–1 Economic growth CO2 emissions reduction and, 4–5, 14, 25–6 green growth and, 14 ECOSTARS, xvii, 58 EFVs see Electric freight vehicles ELAbestLog programme, 38, 58 Electric freight vehicles (EFVs), xxiii, 33, 265–94 adding value, 279 architecture, 279 batteries, 268, 273, 274, 276 bundling, 279 cargo trams, xxi, 245–61 in city logistics, 266–9 compared to ICE vehicles, 273, 274, 276 definition, 268 economical performance, 273, 274 environmental performance, 273, 274–5 government ", "keywords": [ "Sustainable transport", "Index (typography)", "Sustainability", "Biofuel", "Business", "Engineering", "Environmental science", "Transport engineering", "Waste management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": true, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/s2044-994120140000006017" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171535469", "doi": "10.1016/j.wss.2026.100452", "title": "Understanding active commuting to school: a participatory Photovoice project at a Secondary School in Toledo, Spain", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Esther Cabanillas Cruz", "Paloma Conde Espejo", "Evelyn Martín-Moraleda", "Virginia García Coll", "Alberto Dorado Suárez", "Alejandro Jiménez Marín", "Cristina Romero Blanco", "Susana Aznar Laín" ], "first_author": "Esther Cabanillas Cruz", "venue": "Wellbeing Space and Society", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "Background: Active commuting to school (ACS) offers multidimensional benefits for adolescent health, including physical, psychosocial, and cognitive gains. Despite this, the prevalence of ACS continues to decline, particularly in contexts where geographical distance and rural-urban distribution present structural barriers. Understanding how adolescents themselves experience and perceive their school commute is essential to designing effective, context-sensitive mobility interventions, yet this perspective remains underexplored in the literature. Objective: To explore adolescents' perspectives and lived experiences related to their school commute in order to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to active and autonomous mobility, using the Photovoice participatory methodology. Methods: A participatory Photovoice study was conducted at IES Sefarad, a secondary school in Toledo's historic center. Twelve students (aged 13–14 years, 8 girls and 4 boys) from third-year compulsory secondary education participated in six weekly sessions. Students photographed their commuting routes and engaged in guided discussions using the SHOWED questionnaire. Photographs were analysed collectively via qualitative thematic content analysis, which allowed for thematic categorization and the identification of barriers and facilitators regarding their mode of transport. Results: A total of 48 photographs and 19 questionnaires were collected. The school bus was the predominant mode of transport (n = 9), followed by city bus (n = 2) and walking (n = 1). Eleven themes emerged, grouped into five categories: school bus, urban bus, private car, on foot, and sunrises. Participants identified geographical distance and early wake-up times as primary structural barriers, while peer companionship, route autonomy, and appreciation of the surrounding environment emerged as key facilitators of independent mobility. Conclusions: The adolescent school commute is a complex social and sensory experience that extends beyond mere functional transport. While geographical distance remains the primary structural barrier to active commuting in this context, students attributed significant value to the social, aesthetic, and autonomous dimensions of their journeys. These findings underscore the importance of centering adolescent voices in mobility policy and highlight Photovoice as a valuable tool for generating contextually rich, participant-driven evidence to inform health-promoting interventions in school settings.", "keywords": [ "Photovoice", "Participatory action research", "Citizen journalism", "Work (physics)", "Agency (philosophy)", "General partnership" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2026.100452" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4361852724", "doi": "10.1109/icpeca56706.2023.10076134", "title": "Research and Development of Grid Infrastructure Intelligent Monitoring Platform Based on Distributed Real-time Sensor Network", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-29", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yan Yan", "Chunli Wang", "Na Zhang", "Bingqian Chen", "Xilong Chen", "Xiaomin Chen" ], "first_author": "Yan Yan", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The construction of the power grid is a huge project involving various aspects such as electricity, communication and transportation. Distributed systems have the characteristics of convenient and flexible nonlinear data collection, so higher requirements are put forward for distributed equipment monitoring. At present, domestic research on intelligent network technology is still in its infancy. However, with the rapid development of social and economic levels, more and more demands for power supply security and reliability have also increased. At the same time, the traditional power grid has serious network failure problems in the construction process, it cannot adapt to the modern communication system of modern cities, which has caused a huge impact on the power grid construction. The distributed real-time monitoring platform can timely detect the problems in the urban power system for the power supply department, and provide reliable, accurate, stable and safe services. This paper first analyzes the distributed optical fiber sensing technology, which uses the unique characteristics of optical fibers to connect the distributed optical fiber sensor array to the power grid monitoring network, and then uses the traditional power transmission method to monitor the urban distribution network in real time, determines grid operating status through data analysis and simulation measurements. Secondly, this paper analyzes the software scheme and implementation of remote real-time monitoring system, which provides technical support for the construction of distributed real-time monitoring system. Finally, this paper proposes the data transmission based on distributed gateway and monitoring network communication, and uses network routing protocol to monitor and protect parameters such as grid voltage, current and signal in real time, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of grid voltage.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Smart grid", "Default gateway", "Grid", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Distributed power", "Wireless sensor network", "Distributed computing", "Real-time computing", "Computer network", "Power (physics)", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpeca56706.2023.10076134" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7212013203", "doi": "10.37256/est.72202610228", "title": "Simulation of Medium-Duty Truck Equipped with an Air-Assisted Hydraulic Hybrid Drive System", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-24", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Kadir Aydın" ], "first_author": "Kadir Aydın", "venue": "Engineering Science & Technology", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Heavy-duty commercial vehicles such as refuse trucks, urban delivery vans, transit buses and construction machinery are characterized by frequent stop-and-go duty cycles in which a significant share of the kinetic energy delivered by the prime mover is dissipated as heat at the friction brakes. The Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle (HHV) architecture stores this otherwise-wasted braking energy in a hydro-pneumatic accumulator and releases it during the subsequent acceleration phase, exploiting the very high-power density of fluid-power components compared with electrochemical batteries. This paper presents an updated review of HHV powertrain architectures, including parallel, series and power-split configurations, together with the dynamic models of their principal sub-systems: the diesel engine, the bent-axis variable-displacement pump/motor, the hydro-pneumatic accumulator, the air tank with pressure exchanger, and the multi-stage reciprocating compressor. A forward-facing closed-loop simulation environment developed in MATLAB/Simulink is used to evaluate the theoretical and real-world energy-recovery efficiency of a Class VI medium-duty truck (gross mass 7,340 kg) equipped with an air-assisted series hydraulic hybrid drive over the Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS). Theoretical recovery efficiencies of up to 0.89 and real (component-loss-corrected) values of up to 0.61 are obtained, with both metrics decreasing as the share of cruising relative to total cycle time increases. Recent peer-reviewed and demonstration data are reviewed: real-driving emissions tests reported in 2024 confirm fuel-consumption reductions of approximately 17% on urban routes, while Electro-Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles (EHHV) configurations combining a battery, an electric machine and a hydraulic accumulator are emerging as a promising response to the European Union 2024/1257 (Euro VII) and 2024 CO2 standards that mandate a 90% CO2 reduction for new heavy-duty vehicles by 2040. The discussion concludes that hydraulic hybridization remains the most cost-effective and durable pathway for vocational duty cycles dominated by high-power, short-duration transients and that further work should focus on intelligent supervisory control, plug-in air/oil pre-charging, and integration of the accumulator with battery-electric and fuel-cell powertrains.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Powertrain", "Prime mover", "Hydraulic accumulator", "Diesel fuel", "Accumulator (cryptography)", "Hybrid system", "Drivetrain", "Hydraulic machinery" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.37256/est.72202610228" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7130318295", "doi": "10.3389/frsus.2026.1751386", "title": "E-commerce vs. physical retail—Sustainability depends on logistics, not channels", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-02-18", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Gilles Paché" ], "first_author": "Gilles Paché", "venue": "Frontiers in Sustainability", "publisher": "Frontiers Media", "abstract": "As e-commerce continues to reshape urban consumption patterns, its implications for city logistics and environmental performance have become a central concern for metropolitan policymakers. Empirical evidence from major European cities suggests that the expansion of online retail does not mechanically translate into increased congestion or environmental degradation. In Barcelona, a comprehensive report on European city logistics initiatives highlights the strategic deployment of micro-hubs, parcel collection points, and electric vehicles as effective instruments for mitigating delivery-related externalities in dense urban environments (https://www.lvmt.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Harrisand-Dablanc-European-initiatives-of-urban-logistics-report-20231.pdf, accessed December 29, 2025). These findings are corroborated by large-scale modeling work examining 1,057 micro-hubs integrating cargo bikes and electric vans, which demonstrates substantial reductions in travel distances through algorithmically optimized routing (Castillo et al., 2024). Similarly, research conducted in Amsterdam shows that the integration of waterways with clean-energy vehicles can significantly reduce road traffic volumes (Pourmohammad-Zia and van Koningsveld, 2024). Taken together, these cases indicate that the environmental footprint of e-commerce extends beyond street-level traffic flows, pointing instead to consolidation, route optimization, and multimodal integration as decisive levers for improving the sustainability of urban distribution systems at the metropolitan scale.Since the early 2020s, literature reviews and comparative modeling studies have consistently shown that e-commerce logistics relies on highly shared, automated, and optimized systems, increasingly supported by advanced scheduling and routing tools (Garola et al., 2022). These configurations enable substantial reductions in distance traveled per unit delivered, particularly in peri-urban and low-density contexts where individual shopping trips to physical stores tend to accumulate rapidly. Under optimized conditions, a single delivery vehicle can substitute for dozens of private consumer trips, while ongoing fleet electrification further reduces carbon intensity per delivery. However, technological efficiency alone is insufficient to ensure favorable environmental outcomes. Product return rates, constraints imposed by urban infrastructure, and the diversity of operational practices play a decisive role in shaping overall performance. Klein and Popp (2023) emphasize that the presence of physical retail networks does not guarantee sustainability. Instead, environmental impacts emerge from the interaction of building energy performance, consumer mobility patterns, logistics consolidation strategies, packaging management, and return organization. When delivery operations are effectively pooled and fleets decarbonized, e-commerce supply chains frequently achieve lower carbon footprints than conventional consumer travel, even though such advantages remain underestimated in public discourse (Toebast-Wensink et al., 2025).Reassessing retail sustainability is therefore increasingly urgent, particularly because public policies often continue to rely on intuitive assumptions rather than on systematic empirical evidence. Dense networks of urban brick-and-mortar stores, commonly perceived as environmentally superior, can generate redundant logistical flows that prove less efficient than consolidated e-commerce supply chains. As a result, sustainability debates must move beyond simplistic oppositions that frame ecommerce as inherently detrimental and physical retail as intrinsically virtuous. Long-term environmental performance is more likely to emerge from hybrid systems capable of combining delivery speed, resource efficiency, and advanced logistical coordination. Innovations such as predictive inventory management, algorithmic orchestration of flows, reusable packaging systems, and integrated return logistics illustrate the growing convergence between physical and digital distribution channels. Realizing these efficiencies, however, requires institutional frameworks able to assess logistics holistically rather than privileging a specific retail format. Over the coming decade, a key challenge will be balancing intensified logistics aimed at reducing travel distances with strategies designed to curb overall consumption, including repairability, secondhand markets, and circular reuse loops. Sustainable retail should therefore be evaluated through systemic optimization, fleet efficiency, and operational consolidation rather than through visible consumer mobility alone.The arguments advanced in this Opinion article should be interpreted as context-dependent rather than universal. A substantial body of academic research demonstrates that retail environmental performance depends critically on urban density, consumer behavior-including purchase frequency, willingness to accept delivery delays, and propensity for returns-and regulatory frameworks governing city logistics (Edwards et al., 2010;van Loon et al., 2015). In densely populated areas, pooling the flow significantly reduces kilometers traveled per purchase, whereas in sparsely populated or highly car-dependent regions such benefits may be attenuated or reversed. Moreover, policy instruments promoting microhubs, regulated access to city centers, and fleet electrification play a decisive role in shaping observed outcomes (Dablanc et al., 2017). The European cases discussed here, characterized by high urban density and proactive public intervention, cannot be generalized to other geographic contexts without caution. This context-dependent approach seeks to identify the logistical mechanisms that structure environmental performance rather than establish a normative hierarchy between distribution channels, thereby grounding sustainability assessments in local urban and institutional conditions.Policymakers and ", "keywords": [ "Metropolitan area", "TRIPS architecture", "Software deployment", "Ecological footprint", "Sustainability", "Externality", "City logistics", "Work (physics)", "Traffic congestion", "Scheduling (production processes)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainability/articles/10.3389/frsus.2026.1751386/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415450000", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-7807942/v1", "title": "Time-dependent vehicle-UAV path optimization for urban dynamic traffic restriction and no-fly zone", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-23", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Yuxuan Ji", "Linya Liu", "Yong Wang", "Xi Vincent Wang", "Lihui Wang" ], "first_author": "Yuxuan Ji", "venue": "Research Square", "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Tardiness", "Robustness (evolution)", "Solver", "Energy consumption", "Convergence (economics)", "Scalability", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Traffic congestion", "Energy (signal processing)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7807942/latest.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3092517024", "doi": "10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.324", "title": "Addressing health inequities in Bologna: a mixed-method, multi stakeholder, action-research approach", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chiara Francesca Bodini", "Ilaria Camplone", "Gabriele Cavazza", "Chiara Di Girolamo", "Valeria Gentilini", "Paolo Marzaroli", "Paolo Pandolfi", "Vincenza Perlangeli", "Lorenzo Pizzi", "Martina Riccio" ], "first_author": "Chiara Francesca Bodini", "venue": "European Journal of Public Health", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "abstract": "Abstract Background A large body of literature shows how lower socioeconomic classes have higher incidence of mortality and morbidity, and how worse health outcomes linked to barriers in accessing healthcare particularly affect the most vulnerable groups. Despite such evidence, in many a context health inequalities have continued to increase. Processes that better link knowledge with action are therefore needed. Methods An interdisciplinary, interprofessional, interinstitutional group was created involving the Public Health Department and the Center of International Health of Bologna. In 2017-19, the group carried out a project to document and tackle local health inequities, structured in two phases: a first one of quantitative analysis of health inequalities using routinely available data, and a second one of qualitative research in selected areas of the city. An action-research approach was embedded throughout the project, with periodic evaluations to ensure progress towards the intended results. Results Phase 1 results show significant differences in terms of disease burden and service use between the North, East and West periphery of the city compared to the center and South. These differences mirror the urban distribution of wealth/deprivation, measured through different indicators (education, income, presence of immigrant population). Results also show concentration of the worst health outcomes and healthcare access indicators in some areas of the city, which also have higher presence of social housing. Phase 2, started in January 2020, is using phase 1 results to inform both a qualitative analysis and a participatory process in 6 areas of the city selected among those with worst health indicators. Conclusions Our experience shows that addressing the issue of health inequities through a mixed-method, multi stakeholder and action-research approach may lead to greater integration of research findings and evidence into healthcare policy and practice, towards health equity. Key messages Working across disciplines, roles and institutions may bring added value to the complex field of health inequities, when approached with the aim of moving from knowledge to action. Relying on routinely available data may open a route for the replication of our experience and for its use to monitor the impact of interventions aimed at reducing health inequities.", "keywords": [ "Socioeconomic status", "Health care", "Health equity", "Context (archaeology)", "Participatory action research", "Inequality", "Social determinants of health", "Public health", "Citizen journalism", "Stakeholder", "Population", "Environmental health" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/30/Supplement_5/ckaa166.324/33820127/ckaa166.324.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7113167100", "doi": null, "title": "The Municipal Role in Transportation", "year": null, "publication_date": null, "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Fanny Tremblay-Racicot", "Patricia Burke Wood", "Carolyn Kim", "Chandan Bhardwaj", "Adam Thorn", "Marie-Ève Assunçao-Denis", "Matt Pinder", "Gabriel Eidelman", "Kass Forman", "Spencer Neufeld", "Kinza Riaz" ], "first_author": "Fanny Tremblay-Racicot", "venue": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "publisher": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "abstract": "Investments in transportation are among the most visible investments made across all orders of government in Canada, with each order of government illustrating different forms of involvement in the country’s transportation networks. The federal and provincial governments oversee long-distance transportation, while municipalities are responsible for public transit, active transportation, and local highways and roads. By changing policies and priorities across all orders of government, cities could make transportation networks more effective while reducing emissions. The four papers in this report focus on the role that Canadian municipalities currently play in transportation and how other orders of government can support that role. The papers also propose policies to strengthen the municipal role in transportation while alleviating congestion, moving goods more efficiently, and promoting active transportation and sustainability. Municipalities Fanny Tremblay-Racicot examines the links between transportation, urban planning, and land use and asserts that municipalities have the power to prioritize complete streets interventions and active transportation investments, particularly in vulnerable neighbourhoods, as well as to democratize land-use planning. Patricia Burke Wood argues that Canadian cities need collaborative and regional transportation governance for strong, multimodal networks to provide better service to transit riders. She recommends that municipalities play a leading role in these governance structures and in efforts to coordinate travel across local networks. Carolyn Kim, Chandan Bhardwaj, and Adam Thorn discuss the unique policy levers that municipalities can use to make urban freight transportation more sustainable by encouraging low-emissions deliveries and optimizing freight routing. Marie-Ève Assunçao-Denis and Matt Pinder stress that municipal governments should continue to designate mixed-use areas, especially near public transit, and complement such land-use changes with upgrades to active transportation infrastructure to create more walkable environments. Provincial governments Tremblay-Racicot notes that provinces need to implement stronger growth-management policies and legislation regarding transportation and urban planning, so that local governments have more incentive to make changes. Wood finds that the working relationships between municipalities and provincial governments on urban transit governance are often weak, unclear, unstable, and antagonistic. She recommends more collaboration, drawing on international models. Kim, Bhardwaj, and Thorn advocate for provinces to enhance financial support and autonomy for municipalities. This support could include funding for low-emissions freight transportation technologies and granting the power to implement policies required to support more efficient goods movement. Assunçao-Denis and Pinder call for provinces to increase the funding available to municipalities for active transportation infrastructure and initiatives, highlighting existing programs in British Columbia and Québec. Federal government Wood argues that Canada’s transportation governance structures and practices are uneven and often unaccountable. The federal government’s current role is characterized by ambiguity and inconsistency, which could be improved by mutually agreed-upon expectations across orders of government. Kim, Bhardwaj, and Thorn highlight federal programs that have supported municipalities in adopting more sustainable practices, such as fleet electrification and the accompanying need for more public electric-vehicle charging stations. Assunçao-Denis and Pinder emphasize the crucial role of federal funding in the development and improvement of active transportation infrastructure and programs, including research and feasibility studies, community engagement initiatives, and cycling and walking infrastructure projects. Intergovernmental cooperation The need for increased intergovernmental cooperation among orders of government is an underlying assumption of all the contributors, particularly with respect to stronger legislation and funding assistance. Assunçao-Denis and Pinder call for more horizontal coordination across local governments such as boroughs and municipalities to support active transportation. Kim, Bhardwaj, and Thorn suggest that sustainable freight traffic would benefit from improved coordination of goals and policies among all orders of government.", "keywords": [ "Government (linguistics)", "Public transport", "Corporate governance", "Local government", "Order (exchange)", "Transportation planning", "Urban planning", "Public policy", "Service (business)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/127302/1/imfgwdw_no6_transportation_april27_2023.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1758057245", "doi": null, "title": "Assessing dynamic responses of freight operators to government policies: a latent curve modelling approach", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-07-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Richard B. Elison", "Stephen P. Greaves", "David A. Hensher" ], "first_author": "Richard B. Elison", "venue": "IATBR 2015 - WINDSOR", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Governments have long attempted to minimise the negative effects of freight transport by introducing policies that attempt to restrict or change how freight firms operate. Despite this, freight transport still contributes disproportionately to emissions and congestion relative to its proportion of the vehicle fleet. A rapid expansion in the number of freight vehicles being used (in part due to a dramatic increase in internet shopping) in recent years has further necessitated policies that can reduce the negative effects whilst still allowing freight transport to provide its substantial benefit to the economy. Doing this effectively requires an understanding of how firms adapt to government policies as well as other measures not only at a particular point in time but over a longer period of time. Generally, behavioural models for freight have focused on parameterising attributes for a specific choice (e.g., mode) but have made the implicit assumption that these attributes do not change over time (Danielis and Marcucci, 2007; Fowkes et al., 2004). Although these models provide a reasonable basis for behavioural models for freight, the lack of a temporal component means they cannot be used to assess how the influence of each attribute on decisions changes over time. Furthermore, they are unable to be used to investigate how quickly firms adapt to changes in government policies. To address these limitations, this paper explores the dynamic (change over time) responses of freight operators to two government policies, a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) and a cordon-based congestion charge, in terms of the choice of number of routes, toll road use, vehicle class and emissions standard, and departure time. Using a unique dataset collected from Australian (urban) freight operators using an adaptive-dynamic simulation method (Ellison et al., 2012), firms’ dynamic responses are modelled using latent curve models to investigate firms’ adaptation strategies in response to new government policies. The data collected using the simulation include characteristics of the firms (e.g., size, fleet mix and primary business, etc.) and repeated choices for five (simulated) time periods as well as responses to some attitudinal questions. The latent curve models, a form of structural equation modelling (SEM), are used to identify if there is a change in each of the underlying choices captured by the survey as a result of the policies, the magnitude and timing of the changes as well as what factors influence the changes. The results of the models show that both an LEZ and a congestion charge result in significant changes in how freight firms say they will operate. In addition, the timing and magnitude of the resulting changes are shown to be a result of not only the policy itself (and its effects on the attributes) but also some of the characteristics of the firm and firms’ previous decisions. Among the firm characteristics that are important to how firms adapt to new policies are the size of the firm, their existing vehicle mix and their primary business. Crucially, it is the combination of these factors that lead to specific changes being made rather than only one of the characteristics or the policy acting alone. The use of latent curve models means that the influence of each of the attributes on the decisions made by firms can be evaluated not only at a specific point in time but also throughout the adaptation process. The models show that the influence of each of the attributes, including various measures of cost, differ depending on both the relevant decision and the time period. In addition, the influence of the attributes includes the past and future (forecast) values of the attributes as well as the value of the attributes in each time period. These results suggest that although the (changing) values of the attributes are important to the decisions that are made by freight operators, the influence of any particular attribute is not generally constant throughout the adaptation process. Furthermore, the importance of the values of the attributes are most important when decisions are made in the “base” period (i.e., before any new policies are announced) and in the time period immediately preceding the policy coming into effect. Interestingly, although when changes are made varies somewhat between the different decisions with some changes being made earlier (e.g., use of toll roads) and others being made later (e.g., number of routes), the importance of these two time periods is repeated in many of the decisions being modelled. The results presented in this paper have a number of important implications for policy makers. Paramount among these are that firms may respond to a policy before it comes into effect and that even substantial changes to the values of the attributes (e.g., costs) will not necessarily lead to as large a change as would otherwise be expected because of the importance of a firm’s previous decisions on its adaptation strategies. References Danielis, R. and Marcucci, E. (2007), “Attribute cut-offs in freight service selection”, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol. 43 No. 5, pp. 506–515. Ellison, R.B., Greaves, S.P. and Hensher, D.A. (2012), “Capturing Freight Operators’ Behavioural Responses to Government Policies Using an Adaptive-Dynamic Simulation Method”, 13th International Conference on Travel Behaviour Research, Toronto, Canada. Fowkes, A.S., Firmin, P.E., Tweddle, G. and Whiteing, A.E. (2004), “How highly does the freight transport industry value journey time reliability—and for what reasons?”, International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 33–43.", "keywords": [ "Government (linguistics)", "Business", "Point (geometry)", "Transport engineering", "Economics", "Industrial organization", "Public economics", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/19107" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4296556697", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2608.11853", "title": "A Methodological Approach For Design Of Energy Efficient Urban Logistics Systems", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-12", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Emilienne Lardy", "Mariam Lafkihi", "Éric Ballot" ], "first_author": "Emilienne Lardy", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "One of the main challenges for the future in logistics lies in energy consumption. France has the ambition to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050. The most ambitious research work envisioning the solutions to do so is ___Futurs {é}nerg{é}tiques 2050' (October 2021) by RTE, the company in charge of the French Electricity Transportation Network. The work assesses multiple scenarios involving various energy mixes (wind, solar, nuclear etc.). It concludes that the net carbon neutrality in 2050 can only be made possible through sobriety, despite mobility switch to electricity (i.e. at least a 40% decrease final energy consumption, plummeting from 1600 TWh to 930 TWh in 2050). In the logistics field, vast progress has been made to lower the energy intensity of road freight transport. Some promising solutions and technologies have been introduced, namely the improvement of vehicle performances, the alternatives fuels, as well as the parallel evolution of physical and digital infrastructures. It resulted in a cut from 0.077 tonne of oil equivalent per thousand tonne-km in 1992 to 0.057 in 2012 (Llorca and Jamasb, 2017). But the simultaneous soar in freight flows quantity and traffic prevented a global decrease in energy consumption. This challenge is stepped up in urban logistics, as it involves managing -in already congested cities- supply channels and small vehicles that are amplifying, multiplying, and becoming more and more intricate. It seems that all the solutions and technologies that have been introduced are necessary, but insufficient, to meet the expectations in terms of energy sobriety. Significant gains will come from a radical shift in logistics shared infrastructure and from innovative organizations. In this vein, CargoCap (Stein and Schoesser, 2003) and other projects are exploring new infrastructures potential while horizontal collaborative transport as a new organization of freight systems has been largely studied and its effectiveness and efficiency has been proven in recent literature (Pan et al., 2019). In this work we will focus on the energy effectiveness of a new freight dedicated infrastructure. This work assesses the potential a large scale cooperative dedicated system, involving shared infrastructure, for the distribution of freight in the city. This is conceived as an alternative to scattered road haulage, in order to significantly cut down energy consumption. With the goal of energy sobriety, we set the twofold objective of modelling the energy consumption of such a dedicated freight supply system, and of drawing conclusions regarding the best practices by means of an impact assessment of the main design parameters. A distribution system's energy demand strongly depends on specific choices of implementation, which can involve putting back on the agenda some discontinued practices, as well as taking advantage of new technologies and innovative processes. Keeping that in mind, our methodology is devised to comprehensively assess all the available implementation choices, both in technology and in layout. The method consists in taking a step back to fundamental energy theorems, which parameters can be set to stand for any scenario of interest. The model includes transportation modes characteristics (e.g. aerodynamics, rolling resistance etc.), as well as kinetics repercussions of delivery management, handling, and infrastructure accessibility (e.g. driving cycles, congestion etc.). For our purposes of generality, but not limited to, the urban layout and the main routing steps are simplified as a general dense area accessed via a ring road. It is applied to the specific case of Paris, benefiting from previous studies and surveys, as well as government approved open data, quantifying all aspects of freight supply. As far as limits are concerned, it can be put forward that the model is overly simplified and blind on indirect energy consumption which is considerable in overall energy demand. Our work precisely spots out the most impactful parameters, and the high potential axis for refinement, factoring uncertainty. It also specifies where direct and indirect energy drives align, and, on the contrary, a judicious compromise should be investigated. These findings give the necessary tools to further the research into a refined and expanded model, a methodology and insights for urban freight distribution applied here in large cities.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Systems engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.11853" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3134269592", "doi": "10.25417/uic.13475112.v1", "title": "Investigation in Crowdshipping Enabled Urban and Last-mile Delivery Paradigms", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sudheer Ballare" ], "first_author": "Sudheer Ballare", "venue": "Figshare", "publisher": "Figshare (United Kingdom)", "abstract": "Urban logistics, especially the last mile delivery, is a major urban challenge due to the high density in cities and the use of diesel-powered freight vehicles, resulting in traffic congestion and other negative impacts such as air and noise pollution. With the rise of e-commerce and customer expectation of express delivery, the metropolitan areas are seeking innovative ways to better manage urban freight movement and create an efficient and environment friendly transportation system. Information and communication technology advancement is ushering in a new era of mobility, changing the way people and goods move. Traditionally, freight movement takes the so-called hub-and-spoke delivery model. While the hub-and-spoke model is proven efficient with the economies of scale, it is ill-suited for fulfilling the increasing demand for same-day and even one-hour delivery in urban areas with the inflexible structure and is restricted by the hub capacity. Using real-time information technology for speedy coordination, crowdshipping brings reduction in the transportation costs for the last mile. Crowdshipping provides a feasible alternative in the first and last mile deliveries, provides flexibility of delivery time windows and uses a variety of transport modes for the delivery, for e.g. personal automobiles, taxis, bicycles, cargo cycles, walking etc. In Chapter 3 of this dissertation, an empirical investigation is presented of an existing crowdsourcing delivery company with respect to the operational factors such as parcel size, delivery distance, demand frequency and distribution, the user characteristics including customer and driver profiles, and the pricing model. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are performed to shed light on the market demand trending and growth opportunities in crowdsourcing deliveries. Another solution to reducing truck trips into busy urban centers is the use of Automated Parcel Station (APS). APS is an automated parcel collection (and sometimes dispatch as well) station located in public spaces. For the ease of access, these APS’ are located at shopping centers, transit stations, gas stations, etc. Parcel recipients travel on foot or by car to collect their parcels from an APS. In Chapter 4 of this dissertation, we propose, formulate, and evaluate a new and innovative delivery paradigm where the last-mile demand fulfilment is done through Microhubs with Crowdshipping (M+C). In this paradigm, an urban service area is divided into a number of smaller service zones (e.g., by zipcode). Within each zone, there is a microhub to temporarily store inbound and outbound parcels of small to medium size. These parcels are collected or distributed by automobile or bicycle crowdshippers between customers (shippers and end receivers) and the zonal microhub. Commercial trucks are dispatched periodically to visit the microhubs in the service area to transfer parcels to their respective destination microhubs. Though, an initiative involving microhubs and dedicated freight bikes has been field tested recently in the Citylab project in Europe for the first time, the performance of a microhubs and crowdshipping paradigm has not been analytically assessed before this dissertation. In Chapter 5 we show that the proposed M+C paradigm is a Many-to-Many Split Pickup and Delivery Problem (M-MSPDP) for truck routing between microhubs. We present a general formulation of M-MSPDP and a Maximum Split-Benefit with Tabu Search (MS-BTS) heuristic to solve the large-scale M-MSPDP. MS-BTS is evaluated with the exact solution methods and other existing heuristics. We further apply the MS-BTS heuristic to solve for two applications of the M-MSPDP: parcel pickup and delivery among parcel stations (i.e., M-MSPDP-FPD) and bike rebalancing in a bike-sharing system (i.e., M-MSPD-OC). The computation time of MS-BTS is considerably improved over the other methods while maintaining a comparable level of the solution quality. Lastly, Chapter 6 considers a futuristic delivery paradigm where all stages of the last-mile demand fulfillment are handled without any involvement of human factor, including for parcel loading/unloading, sorting and transportation between hubs and the customers. This Chapter presents a brief commentary on the impacts of such a proposed delivery paradigm.", "keywords": [ "Last mile (transportation)", "Taxis", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Transport engineering", "Metropolitan area", "Traffic congestion", "Economies of scale", "Mile", "Truck", "Engineering", "Business", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.25417/uic.13475112.v1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2900257563", "doi": null, "title": "The need for improved information flow to address safety in urban construction site deliveries", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Lisa Tronhuus Hannasvik" ], "first_author": "Lisa Tronhuus Hannasvik", "venue": "NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives", "publisher": null, "abstract": "It is challenging to design and operate construction sites within space-constrained urban areas. Urban construction sites are often located in close proximity to public streets and roads with a high traffic volume, and a high share of vulnerable road users. Truck appearances generated by a construction site inject temporary risk into the urban areas, as urban roads are not primarily designed for trucks, and the truck drivers might not be familiar with local conditions. This results in safety challenges for the project owner, construction and transport companies, and their drivers. By Norwegian law, project owners and construction companies are obliged to conduct a risk assessment of the site. However, such assessments rarely include traffic safety outside of the site. Therefore, the objective of this research is to gain a better understanding of the safety considerations associated with deliveries to urban construction sites. Particularly interesting is the information flow between stakeholders involved in construction site operations, concerning the site-specific access and loading information truck drivers receive when delivering to construction sites. Based on the findings, recommendations are suggested to improve the flow of necessary information for improved safety while delivering to sites.\\n\\nThe qualitative research approach consists of in-depth and focused interviews. The first set of interviews was conducted with seven truck drivers and six transport company managers. Interviews were audio-recorded and summarized to identify safety problems and barriers in the safety information flow regarding access, on-site driving and loading. Based on the findings from these interviews, a construction site manager and a project owner were interviewed in a second round of interviews. The main purpose of these interviews was to gather their insights on findings identified in the first set of interviews, as well as to gather more data regarding the information flow. \\n\\nThe findings from the first set of interviews indicated that the drivers rarely receive more information than what and where to deliver, and often with little advance notice, making it challenging for the drivers to plan their next deliveries. Yet, most drivers stated that the site s address was sufficient to conduct a safe delivery. Furthermore, most of the interviewed company managers considered the courses required by law and having a driver s license as sufficient for the safety. However, most drivers reported the mandatory courses to have limited value regarding safety, and that the understanding of risk and learning to conduct safe deliveries is primarily gained through the everyday work experience. Despite the interviewees general agreement that the status quo was good enough , areas for improvement were identified. E.g. plans to show where to enter and unload at delivery sites was pointed out by drivers as missing and desired information. Additionally, one transport manager highlighted that providing specific safety-related information regarding particular sites and/or routes is beneficial to drivers. However, providing too much information could make it challenging for the drivers to remember specific information. \\n\\nA general safety management system of construction site truck-traffic, supported by law or regulation is suggested to address the consistency and quality of the safety information flow between project owner, construction site management, transport leaders and truck drivers. While this study is focused on urban construction operations, the results could also be applied to other urban delivery operations.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Construction engineering", "Engineering", "Civil engineering", "Computer science", "Forensic engineering", "Environmental science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2565567" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165681396", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.20807237", "title": "Autonomous Drone Swarms for Last-Mile Delivery in Central American Logistics: An AI-Driven Framework", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Luis A. Alfaro", "Vanessa L. Hernandez", "Quevedo, Luis A." ], "first_author": "Luis A. Alfaro", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "ABSTRACTThis research proposes an advanced artificial intelligence (AI)-driven framework for the deployment of autonomous drone swarms in last-mile delivery operations within Central American logistics systems. As e-commerce expansion, urbanization, and infrastructure limitations continue to reshape supply chain dynamics, last-mile delivery has emerged as one of the most complex and costly segments in logistics networks. This study addresses these challenges by exploring how coordinated multi-agent drone systems, supported by AI algorithms and aerospace telemetry, can optimize delivery efficiency, reduce operational costs, and enhance logistical resilience in emerging regional economies. The study begins by analyzing the structural constraints of last-mile delivery in Central America, including fragmented infrastructure, traffic congestion, rural accessibility limitations, and inconsistent logistics connectivity. These challenges significantly impact delivery speed, cost efficiency, and service reliability. Traditional transportation systems often struggle to meet increasing demand, particularly in geographically diverse environments. The proposed framework introduces autonomous drone swarms as a scalable and adaptable solution capable of navigating complex terrains while maintaining high delivery performance. At the core of the framework is a multi-agent system in which each drone operates as an intelligent autonomous unit while simultaneously coordinating with the swarm to achieve collective optimization goals. The system utilizes deep reinforcement learning and swarm intelligence algorithms to enable dynamic route planning, collision avoidance, adaptive task allocation, and energy-efficient operations. Real-time data inputs—including spatial positioning, weather conditions, traffic patterns, and delivery priorities—are integrated into the decision-making process, allowing the swarm to continuously adapt to changing operational environments. A key innovation of this research is the integration of aerospace telemetry systems to ensure real-time communication, coordination, and control among swarm units and ground-based logistics nodes. Telemetry data supports high-precision navigation, synchronization, and performance monitoring, enabling the swarm to operate effectively even in environments with limited infrastructure. Additionally, the framework incorporates predictive analytics to anticipate demand fluctuations, optimize scheduling, and minimize delivery delays. This predictive capability enhances the resilience and reliability of last-mile delivery operations. The proposed architecture is structured as a multi-layered cyber-physical system comprising data acquisition, data processing, and operational control layers. The data acquisition layer includes UAV sensors, GPS systems, and environmental monitoring devices. The processing layer leverages AI models, edge computing, and cloud-based analytics to manage real-time data streams and generate optimized decisions. The operational layer coordinates swarm execution, integrates with logistics platforms, and supports human-in-the-loop supervision when necessary. This integrated system enables seamless interaction between physical drone operations and digital decision-making processes. Simulation-based evaluations and scenario modeling are conducted to assess the performance of the framework under various logistical conditions, including urban delivery environments, rural distribution networks, and emergency response scenarios. Results indicate substantial improvements in delivery time reduction, route optimization, and energy efficiency compared to traditional single-drone or ground-based delivery systems. The swarm-based model also demonstrates enhanced scalability, allowing for rapid adaptation to increased demand and expanded delivery coverage. Furthermore, the distributed nature of the swarm provides redundancy and fault tolerance, ensuring continuous operation even in the event of individual unit failures. From a strategic perspective, the adoption of autonomous drone swarms presents significant opportunities for transforming logistics systems in Central America. The framework supports economic development by improving supply chain efficiency, enabling access to remote regions, and fostering innovation in logistics technologies. It also aligns with broader efforts toward digital transformation, smart infrastructure development, and sustainable logistics practices by reducing carbon emissions associated with traditional transportation modes. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that AI-driven autonomous drone swarms provide a powerful and scalable solution for optimizing last-mile delivery in emerging logistics markets. The proposed framework enhances operational efficiency, adaptability, and resilience, offering a pathway toward next-generation logistics systems that integrate aerospace technology and intelligent systems for regional and global impact.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Software deployment", "Resilience (materials science)", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Scalability", "Key (lock)", "Swarm behaviour", "Disaster recovery", "Aerospace" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20807237" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165646273", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.20807238", "title": "Autonomous Drone Swarms for Last-Mile Delivery in Central American Logistics: An AI-Driven Framework", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Luis A. Alfaro", "Vanessa L. Hernandez", "Luis Quevedo" ], "first_author": "Luis A. Alfaro", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "ABSTRACTThis research proposes an advanced artificial intelligence (AI)-driven framework for the deployment of autonomous drone swarms in last-mile delivery operations within Central American logistics systems. As e-commerce expansion, urbanization, and infrastructure limitations continue to reshape supply chain dynamics, last-mile delivery has emerged as one of the most complex and costly segments in logistics networks. This study addresses these challenges by exploring how coordinated multi-agent drone systems, supported by AI algorithms and aerospace telemetry, can optimize delivery efficiency, reduce operational costs, and enhance logistical resilience in emerging regional economies. The study begins by analyzing the structural constraints of last-mile delivery in Central America, including fragmented infrastructure, traffic congestion, rural accessibility limitations, and inconsistent logistics connectivity. These challenges significantly impact delivery speed, cost efficiency, and service reliability. Traditional transportation systems often struggle to meet increasing demand, particularly in geographically diverse environments. The proposed framework introduces autonomous drone swarms as a scalable and adaptable solution capable of navigating complex terrains while maintaining high delivery performance. At the core of the framework is a multi-agent system in which each drone operates as an intelligent autonomous unit while simultaneously coordinating with the swarm to achieve collective optimization goals. The system utilizes deep reinforcement learning and swarm intelligence algorithms to enable dynamic route planning, collision avoidance, adaptive task allocation, and energy-efficient operations. Real-time data inputs—including spatial positioning, weather conditions, traffic patterns, and delivery priorities—are integrated into the decision-making process, allowing the swarm to continuously adapt to changing operational environments. A key innovation of this research is the integration of aerospace telemetry systems to ensure real-time communication, coordination, and control among swarm units and ground-based logistics nodes. Telemetry data supports high-precision navigation, synchronization, and performance monitoring, enabling the swarm to operate effectively even in environments with limited infrastructure. Additionally, the framework incorporates predictive analytics to anticipate demand fluctuations, optimize scheduling, and minimize delivery delays. This predictive capability enhances the resilience and reliability of last-mile delivery operations. The proposed architecture is structured as a multi-layered cyber-physical system comprising data acquisition, data processing, and operational control layers. The data acquisition layer includes UAV sensors, GPS systems, and environmental monitoring devices. The processing layer leverages AI models, edge computing, and cloud-based analytics to manage real-time data streams and generate optimized decisions. The operational layer coordinates swarm execution, integrates with logistics platforms, and supports human-in-the-loop supervision when necessary. This integrated system enables seamless interaction between physical drone operations and digital decision-making processes. Simulation-based evaluations and scenario modeling are conducted to assess the performance of the framework under various logistical conditions, including urban delivery environments, rural distribution networks, and emergency response scenarios. Results indicate substantial improvements in delivery time reduction, route optimization, and energy efficiency compared to traditional single-drone or ground-based delivery systems. The swarm-based model also demonstrates enhanced scalability, allowing for rapid adaptation to increased demand and expanded delivery coverage. Furthermore, the distributed nature of the swarm provides redundancy and fault tolerance, ensuring continuous operation even in the event of individual unit failures. From a strategic perspective, the adoption of autonomous drone swarms presents significant opportunities for transforming logistics systems in Central America. The framework supports economic development by improving supply chain efficiency, enabling access to remote regions, and fostering innovation in logistics technologies. It also aligns with broader efforts toward digital transformation, smart infrastructure development, and sustainable logistics practices by reducing carbon emissions associated with traditional transportation modes. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that AI-driven autonomous drone swarms provide a powerful and scalable solution for optimizing last-mile delivery in emerging logistics markets. The proposed framework enhances operational efficiency, adaptability, and resilience, offering a pathway toward next-generation logistics systems that integrate aerospace technology and intelligent systems for regional and global impact.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Software deployment", "Resilience (materials science)", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Scalability", "Key (lock)", "Swarm behaviour", "Disaster recovery", "Aerospace" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20807238" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7168977994", "doi": "10.35090/gatech/13342", "title": "Shipment Planning Protocols in Cyber-Physical Internet for B2C Cross-Border E-Commerce Logistics", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Xinyue Xie", "Xuegang Li", "Bo Liu", "Zhiheng Zhao", "George Q. Huang" ], "first_author": "Xinyue Xie", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "B2C cross-border e-commerce has expanded rapidly, placing increasing pressure on logistics systems to provide timely and cost-effective delivery services. In locker-based last-mile delivery, shipment planning—which determines how orders are consolidated into dispatchable shipments and when they are dispatched—is particularly important. Shipment planning faces several prominent challenges: cross-border operations involve multiple stakeholders with obstructed information sharing and collaboration; uncertainties—such as dynamic order arrivals and time-varying locker available capacity driven—may render precomputed plans infeasible; and B2C orders are small, frequent, and time-sensitive, making timely consolidation difficult. Existing optimization approaches primarily assume centralized decision-making with complete information and deterministic inputs, overlooking these practical challenges in real cross-border logistics systems. The Physical Internet (PI) and Cyber-Physical Internet (CPI) paradigms provide a promising direction for addressing these limitations. PI envisions an open, interconnected, and standardized logistics network inspired by the architecture of the digital Internet (Montreuil, 2011; Montreuil et al., 2012; Sarraj et al., 2014). Building on PI, CPI introduces a cyber layer that digitally mirrors the physical logistics network and enables protocol-driven coordination among physical nodes (He et al., 2024; Wu et al., 2025). In CPI, real-time information on the state and status of physical logistics objects can be sensed, collected, communicated, and synchronized with cyber space (Wu et al., 2025; Chen et al., 2025). This capability helps support shipment planning decisions in B2C cross-border e-commerce logistics. Nevertheless, existing CPI-related logistics studies have mainly focused on B2B logistics (Qu et al., 2024), construction logistics (Yuan et al., 2024; Ouyang et al., 2025), or aviation maintenance intralogistics (Chen et al., 2025). Compared with these scenarios, B2C cross-border e-commerce logistics exhibits distinct characteristics—smaller parcels, more fragmented and frequent orders, stronger time sensitivity, and tighter interaction with capacity-constrained locker facilities. These differences shift the protocol design emphasis from network-layer routing of pre-formed shipment units (Qu et al., 2024) to transport-layer shipment unit formation under real-time constraints. How to design effective CPI shipment planning protocols for this scenario remains an open problem. To address this gap, this paper develops a CPI framework for shipment planning in locker-based B2C cross-border e-commerce logistics. A three-layer CPI network configuration is defined: a Wide Area Network (WAN) for intercity logistics, a City Area Network (CAN) for intra-city logistics between consolidation centers, and a Local Area Network (LAN) for last-mile delivery to lockers. In the proposed CPI network, logistics nodes are modeled as CPI routers, through which the state and status of physical logistics objects can be collected, communicated, and synchronized with cyber space on a real-time basis. Inspired by the transmission unit in computer networks, the Protocol Shipment Unit (PSU) is introduced as a dispatchable standardized shipment unit—embodying the PI principle of modularity. The paper develops a set of shipment planning protocols with three components. First, a Real-Time “Look-Around” Mechanism serves as the information inquiry interface, operating in four directions: Look-Upward (newly arrived orders), Look-Downward (locker state and vehicle availability), Look-Backward (backlog orders), and Look-Forward (pre-announced incoming orders). This mechanism is invoked at the beginning of each planning cycle to inquire real-time planning-relevant information. Second, five standardized tables—Current Order Table, Locker Table, Vehicle Table, Backlog Order Table, and PSU Table—are designed as standardized representations of real-time information within the corresponding CPI routers, embodying the PI principles of standardization and interoperability. Third, a core Spatial-Delay Shipment Planning Protocol (SD-SPP) transforms currently available orders into dispatchable PSUs through four steps: locker-based order aggregation with real-time locker-capacity-aware screening, vehicle-capacity-feasible splitting, spatial clustering via region-growing, and fleet-constrained PSU generation with vehicle assignment. The CPI contribution is realized not merely through ICT-inspired analogies, such as layered decision logic and shipment unitization, but through operational PI/CPI mechanisms: router-hosted real-time state synchronization, standardized table-based information representation, and protocol-driven planning coordination. A critical distinction of SD-SPP is that it incorporates CPI-enabled real-time information, especially real-time locker available capacity, at the planning stage. Unlike conventional dispatch approaches where locker capacity conflicts are discovered only upon vehicle arrival, the SD-SPP screens orders against real-time locker capacity before dispatch, avoiding infeasible deliveries and wasted travel. Numerical experiments are conducted on a realistic Hong Kong CBD locker network with 32 locker nodes under different planning cycle lengths (T?{30,60,90,120}min) and demand intensities (??{2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0}orders/min). SD-SPP is benchmarked against a periodic FIFO shipment planning baseline without access to CPI-enabled real-time information. Results show that SD-SPP consistently outperforms the baseline in total travel distance across all scenarios, with reductions ranging from approximately 19% to 79%, with greater advantages under longer planning cycles and higher demand. SD-SPP also achieves substantially higher effective load utilization—the proportion of dispatched capacity that converts into successful locker deposit—while maintaining broadly comparable or slightly bette", "keywords": [ "The Internet", "Architecture", "Information sharing", "Humanitarian Logistics", "Integrated logistics support", "Cyber-physical system", "Consolidation (business)", "Order (exchange)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/1853/81907" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7213925057", "doi": "10.58837/chula.the.2025.599", "title": "Regulatory readiness for drone food delivery in Indonesia", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": null, "authors": [ "Richo Andriyanto" ], "first_author": "Richo Andriyanto", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This thesis examines the regulatory readiness of Indonesia for the integration of commercial drone food delivery services, employing a comparative analysis with Thailand and using China's adaptive regulatory framework as a benchmark. As the demand for last-mile delivery solutions accelerates in Southeast Asia's rapidly digitising economies, drone technology presents a transformative opportunity to overcome urban congestion and logistical inefficiencies. However, the existing regulatory architecture in Indonesia, principally Law No. 1/2009 concerning Aviation and Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 37/2020, remains fragmented, static, and oriented toward recreational or limited industrial drone use, lacking specific provisions for high-frequency, beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) commercial operations. Adopting a normative legal research methodology grounded in doctrinal analysis, this study conducts a systematic evaluation of primary legal materials, secondary scholarly literature, and tertiary resources from Indonesia, Thailand, and China. The analytical framework integrates regulation theory, the diffusion of innovation theory, risk management theory, and a functional comparative approach to identify transferable principles rather than imposing foreign rules wholesale. The findings reveal six core regulatory deficiencies in Indonesia's current regime that collectively render the framework incapable of supporting commercial drone food delivery at scale: (1) absence of a legal framework for BVLOS operations, constituting the primary technical-legal barrier to scalability; (2) lack of drone-specific data privacy provisions under the Personal Data Protection Law No. 27/2022; (3) absence of Remote Identification and cybersecurity standards, creating significant security vulnerabilities; (4) liability vacuum for autonomous system accidents, as Law No. 1/2009 contains provisions for manned aviation only; (5) absence of public engagement and nuisance mitigation framework, undermining social acceptance; and (6) institutional fragmentation and enforcement gaps, particularly the dualism of authority between the Ministry of Transportation and the Indonesian National Air Force, which creates a \"regulatory grey zone\" that neither agency can effectively exercise regulatory powers. While Thailand demonstrates a comparatively more developed framework, including remote pilot licensing, weight-based classification, no-fly zones, and pilot project mechanisms, it too exhibits significant gaps in adaptability, risk-proportionate rules, liability clarity, Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) integration, and data privacy protections. When compared with China's Civil Aviation Administration (CAAC) model, this thesis finds that China's regulatory evolution, characterised by tiered licensing, regulatory sandboxes, mandatory Remote Identification, formalised public-private partnerships, provisional rule-making authority, and iterative, data-driven policymaking, offers instructive and transferable lessons. The thesis proposes concrete legal amendments for Indonesia, including revisions to Article 35 of Law No. 1/2009 to expressly authorise commercial unmanned aircraft operations with risk-proportional delegation, the introduction of new Articles 35A, 35B, and 35C establishing statutory mandates for UTM, Remote ID, and regulatory sandboxes, and the introduction of Article 48A establishing presumptive operator liability, compulsory third-party insurance scaled to risk categories, and joint and several liability for platform companies. Parallel recommendations are advanced for Thailand, including codification of a \"Commercial Delivery Drone Operator\" category, strict liability provisions, and pre-approved urban delivery corridors. Beyond national reforms, the thesis argues for ASEAN harmonisation through a Model Law on Commercial Drone Operations, incorporating standardised risk-based classification, mutual recognition clauses for operator certifications, a common template for third-party liability insurance, and technical standards for interoperability. This thesis calls for an implementation framework which proposes a National Drone Delivery Task Force in Indonesia via Presidential Decree, a specialised Drone Delivery Unit within Thailand's CAAT, joint capacity-building programmes, a three-phase national UTM roadmap (2026-2028), and key performance indicators including license processing time, authorised BVLOS routes, safety incident rates, and operator compliance with data privacy. The thesis addresses state security risks associated with drone operations, including surveillance and espionage, weaponisation and asymmetric warfare, smuggling and transnational crime, critical infrastructure disruption, terrorism, and airspace sovereignty violations. The thesis proposes specific security measures, including mandatory Remote ID, dynamic geofencing, cybersecurity standards, operator vetting, cross-agency coordination, and international cooperation to mitigate these risks while enabling commercial operations. This thesis concludes that Indonesia's regulatory ecosystem is \"partially ready\" in terms of basic airspace management but \"critically unready\" regarding the commercial, operational, liability, institutional, and security complexities of autonomous food delivery systems.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Liability", "Risk management", "Transformative learning", "Aviation", "Identification (biology)", "Intellectual property", "Best practice", "Law enforcement" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.the.2025.599" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7212086920", "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.08.26362411", "title": "A scalable model for Parkinson’s disease genetic research in underrepresented populations: lessons from Kyrgyzstan", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-09", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Cholpon Shambetova", "Eliza Zhunusova", "Aizhamal Ismailova", "María Teresa Periñán", "С.У. Кыялбекова", "Carolin Gabbert", "Shen‐Yang Lim", "Gulmira Djumalieva", "Aizhamal Iliazova", "Nuraiym Beishembieva", "Aruuke Kubanychbekova", "Yuliia Kanana", "Ekaterina Peredereeva", "Adilet Metinov", "Aleksandr Sorokin", "Aisuikum Abdumalikova", "Shohista Bazarbaeva", "Gulnaz Pakhridinova", "Batma Sattarova", "Aiza Upaeva", "Gulmira Zhamilova", "Eliza Zhumadylova", "Elmira Mitalipovna Mamytova", "Mirbek Baisalov", "А.К. Байтелиева", "Zhyldyz Imanalieva", "Aida Bolotalieva", "Anara Toktomametova", "Nargiza Atambekova", "Sabina Baltabaeva", "Aziza Dalbaeva", "Zhumagul Osmonova", "Б.Н. Нурбекова", "Aliia Mukhanova", "И.А. Цопова", "Teresa Kleinz", "Irina Sverdlova", "Lara Mariah Lange", "Joanne Trinh", "Cornelis Blauwendraat", "Andrew B. Singleton", "Thomas F. Muente", "Alastair John Noyce", "Indira Kudaibergenova", "Christine Klein", "Global Parkinson s Genetic Program (GP2)" ], "first_author": "Cholpon Shambetova", "venue": "medRxiv", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract Background Scalable models for Parkinson’s disease (PD) genetics in underrepresented populations are needed, as most studies have focused on individuals of European-ancestry, limiting generalisability across ancestral and environmental contexts. Kyrgyzstan has been largely absent from global PD research. Using Kyrgyzstan as a case study, we aimed to develop and evaluate a scalable PD genetics model integrating research and local capacity building. Methods We implemented a stepwise capacity-building framework within a multi-site prospective PD genetics cohort that included participants with PD and controls, with longitudinal follow-up. The framework integrated community engagement, workforce development, specialist clinical services, data governance, clinical phenotyping, biobanking, and genetic data generation. Participants were recruited through a university-affiliated movement disorders clinic and mobile outreach clinics, using a secure electronic data-capture system and Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2)-aligned standards. Feasibility endpoints included recruitment, participation, assessment completeness, and genetic quality-control metrics. Findings Within 20 months, specialist clinical services and a PD registry with biobanking and secure data infrastructure were established, and 1240 participants were enrolled, representing multiple Central Asian ethnicities, including Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Uyghur, Tatar, Kalmyk, and Dungan, and the country’s rural– urban distribution. High participation coincided with community engagement and recruitment through mobile clinics and community outreach. Interpretation Embedding capacity building within active research enabled rapid development of neurogenetic and specialist clinical infrastructure in a resource-limited setting. This programme provides a potentially transferable model for equitable inclusion of underrepresented populations in PD genetics and related neurogenetic research in low- and middle-income countries. Funding This project was supported by the Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2; https://gp2.org ). GP2 is funded by the Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) initiative and implemented by The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (MJFF) Research in context Evidence before this study We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus from 1995 to July 2026 for articles and reviews using combinations of terms related to Parkinson’s disease (PD), genetics, genomics, underrepresented populations (URP), ancestry, diversity, implementation, research infrastructure, capacity building, governance, and consortium development. Additional relevant publications were identified by reviewing the reference lists of pertinent articles. Eligible papers were categorized by study design, focus on implementation, implementation domains, and relevance to this research (Supplementary Table S1). Most available work comprises genome wide association studies, genetic discovery research, and reviews that address the lack of diversity in PD genetics. Several studies documented persistent ancestry disparities and underrepresentation of URP and called for broader inclusion, while regional reviews summarised evidence from Africa, Latin America, and other underserved regions. Few publications examined implementation issues such as international partnerships, governance, workforce training, consortium structures, or data sharing systems. Initiatives including the Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2), the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), the African and Arabian Parkinson’s Disease Genetics Consortium (AA PD GC), and the Michael J. Fox Foundation Global Genetic Parkinson’s Disease Project demonstrated that coordinated consortia can be built successfully. However, there is little published guidance on how to design and run integrated PD genomic programmes for URP, particularly in low resource settings or in Central Asia. Added value of this study This study describes the prospective development and assessment of an integrated genomic programme for PD embedded within routine neurological care in Kyrgyzstan, a Central Asian population previously unrepresented in PD genetics research. The project established a nationwide cohort and biobank, together with governance frameworks, workforce training, standardised clinical phenotyping, biospecimen collection, data management, community engagement, and routes for international data sharing. By analysing data collected during the setup phase, we identify operational obstacles and propose practical solutions to support sustainable integration of genomic research into clinical practice. Rather than focusing only on genetic discoveries, we outline an implementation model that could be adapted for similar URP. Implications of all the available evidence Current literature highlights the scientific importance of increasing ancestral diversity in PD genetics but offers limited direction on how to build and sustain such research in underrepresented regions. Our findings suggest that successful implementation depends on coordinated development of clinical services, governance, workforce capacity, biobanking, data infrastructure, community engagement, and international collaboration alongside genomic research. The model presented here may help guide future efforts to improve equitable participation in PD genetic studies and to strengthen research capacity in other resource-limited and underserved settings.", "keywords": [ "Biobank", "Outreach", "Workforce", "Biorepository", "Medical genetics", "Disease", "Genetic counseling", "Ethnic group", "Genetic testing", "Inclusion (mineral)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.08.26362411" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7166412051", "doi": null, "title": "From One to Many: a Dataset to assess 20-Minute Neighbourhoods Across Walking Speeds", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-25", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Alessia Calafiore" ], "first_author": "Alessia Calafiore", "venue": "OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)", "publisher": "Center for Open Science", "abstract": "The 15-minute city or 20-minute neighbourhood concept has attracted much attention in recent years. This proximity-based model aims for a city where residents can reach essential services at a short distance, making it more likely for them to walk. At a time where modal shifts towards more sustainable mobility are key to mitigating climate change, the 15-minute city appears to be a valuable approach contributing to sustainability transitions. Metrics underpinning this idea are based on computing walk access to destinations via routing systems that measure how much time it takes to reach essential services. Such systems enable one walking speed at a time to be considered, where generally 60 meters per minute is the default walking speed. However, walking speed varies substantially across age and physical agility. Scholars focusing on the ageing population have shown that walk access to services changes substantially if reduced mobility is accounted for. A further criticism of the 15-minute city idea is that a rigid time constraint may not fit all contexts, leading to discussions about a more generalisable X-minute city adjusted on urban structure characteristics and population needs. A metric that accounts for different walking speeds goes also in the direction of overcoming such a fixed time constraint as it is representative of a wider temporal window. This paper develops a new 20-minute neighbourhood typology that accounts for varying walking speeds in the assessment of proximity to essential services. The typology is made of two complementary dimensions. The first captures the magnitude of access, measured as cumulative access to essential services at the default walking speed. The second captures how access changes across walking speeds: for each area, cumulative access is computed at a range of walking speeds, producing a cumulative access curve that describes how the number of reachable services grows as walking speed increases. These curves are normalised to disentangle their shape from the accessibility level, and a clustering step then groups them into a small number of typical shape patterns, defined as walk-speed accessibility profiles. These profiles are cross-tabulated with a tertile classification of the default-speed access to services score, producing a typology that captures both the magnitude and the shape of accessibility across walking speed. Taking Scotland as a case study, this novel 20-minute neighbourhood typology has been computed across urban areas and following the Local Living Framework to identify essential services. Dataset The dataset is a geographic package (OGC GeoPackage) containing one polygon per Scottish urban output area together with the variables that define the proposed 20-minute neighbourhood typology. The file contains 38,445 features (urban areas only, after exclusion of remote-rural origins). Polygons are encoded in British National Grid (EPSG:27700). Each row corresponds to one urban output area and provides three blocks of information: 1) inherited area information; 2) the two dimensions that build the typology -- the magnitude of walk access to services at the default walking speed and the walk speed accessibility profiles based on the clustering of walk speed accessibility curves -- and 3) the combined typology label that joins the two. The five walking-speed accessibility profiles identified through k-means describe qualitatively distinct patterns in how the number of reachable services grows as walking speed increases. Each accessibility curve was normalised by its own maximum before clustering, so the clusters reflect the shape of the curve and not the accessibility level. Profiles can be described as follows: Cluster 1 — \"Near-home concentration\" High baseline at the slowest walking speed and rapid plateau: most reachable services are already within reach of a slow walker, and walking faster adds little. Cluster 2 — \"Mid-distance concentration\" Moderate near-home baseline with most gains achieved at mid-range walking speeds; returns diminish beyond a 7–9 minute walk, suggesting services are concentrated within a moderate distance. Cluster 3 — \"Gradual, well-served\" Smooth concave growth from a moderate baseline; services are spread fairly evenly across the walking-speed range. Cluster 4 — \"Mid-range linear\" Steady, approximately linear growth from a low baseline. Slow walkers are penalised but not excluded, and each increment in walking speed adds a roughly equal share of accessible services. Cluster 5 — \"Far-only / sparse near home\" Lowest baseline and almost flat until the higher walking speeds, then a steep increase. Slow walkers reach almost nothing; only faster walkers gain meaningful access. While the profiles provide information on how access change across walking speeds, the general level of access is derived from the default speed access score. Urban areas are grouped into three equal-sized bands relative to the default speed score distribution representing the varying magnitude of access: Low. Bottom third of urban areas, these are the least service-rich areas at the default walking speed. Mid. Middle third of urban areas. High. Top third of urban areas, these are most service-rich areas at the default walking speed. It is important to note that these tiers are computed as tertiles of the urban distribution in Scotland, therefore they are not relative to absolute benchmarks. The final typology combines the two axes — magnitude and shape — into a single 15-level classification. Each type describes a qualitatively distinct kind of urban area, distinguishing not only how many services are reachable from home but also how that number changes as walking speed varies. This combined view is the main contribution of the dataset over a conventional single-cut-off 20-minute neighbourhood score. Two areas with the same default-speed access score can fall in different types when their walking-speed accessibility profiles differ: for exam", "keywords": [ "Neighbourhood (mathematics)", "Typology", "Constraint (computer-aided design)", "Preferred walking speed", "Population", "Metric (unit)", "Sustainability", "Destinations" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://osf.io/jrxsz" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7166701979", "doi": "10.1108/lore-07-2026-088", "title": "Editorial: Digital transformation in transport and logistics", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-30", "type": "editorial", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ralf M. Elbert", "Hongjun Wu" ], "first_author": "Ralf M. Elbert", "venue": "Logistics Research", "publisher": "Bundesvereinigung Logistik", "abstract": "The digital transformation of transport and logistics has moved from a strategic aspiration to an operational necessity. The intellectual origins of this shift trace back to the Industry 4.0 initiative of the early 2010s, when the integration of cyber-physical systems placed digital-physical convergence at the center of industrial strategy (Kagermann, 2013; Sullivan and Kern, 2021). For much of that decade, however, the practical distance between vision and reality remained wide.What narrowed this gap was the rapid development of enabling technologies. Internet of Things (IoT) devices, cloud computing, machine learning and autonomous systems such as Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and warehouse robots moved from experimental settings into live logistics operations (Fottner et al., 2021; Fragapane et al., 2021; Escherle et al., 2023; Lam et al., 2024). A growing body of research has documented the resulting improvements in visibility, asset utilization and decision-making capability across the value chain. Industry 4.0 has positioned digital technologies as central enablers of this transformation (Barreto et al., 2017). IoT devices now provide real-time visibility into the movement and condition of goods across extended transport chains (Barreto et al., 2017; Feng and Ye, 2021). Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms support demand forecasting, route optimization and predictive maintenance (Hoffmann et al., 2022; Nitsche et al., 2024). Cloud computing and digital platforms facilitate the integration of fragmented logistics ecosystems by connecting shippers, carriers, terminal operators and end customers through shared data environments (Winkelhaus and Grosse, 2020).The 2020s then introduced a different kind of pressure. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent geopolitical disruptions revealed the fragility of efficiency-optimized but resilience-deficient logistics networks. Contact restrictions, acute labor shortages and simultaneous demand shocks forced many organizations to compress years of planned digitalization into months (Ivanov, 2021; Hellweg et al., 2023). The resulting recalibration was structural. End-to-end supply chain visibility and data-driven decision-making became operational necessities rather than competitive advantages, and the need to collect, integrate and act on operational data intensified across the industry.The consequence is a rapidly growing number of interfaces among physical assets, digital tools and humans throughout the transport and logistics value chain. Figure 1 illustrates them as a three-level architecture: at the physical level, physical assets (e.g. vehicles and facilities), field and IoT devices generate ongoing data about what is happening in the logistics system; at the digital level, these data are ingested, stored, integrated and exchanged across systems through application programming interfaces (APIs) and related system connections, where they support event management, interoperability and consistent digital representations of operations; these representations provide the basis for data-driven analytics and decision-making at the analytical level, such as diagnostic assessments of current system states, predictive analytics for future developments, reality-based scenario analysis and higher-level decision support. The analytical outputs, in turn, move downward to shape physical behavior through accurate and reliable control signals (Albrecht et al., 2024). This bidirectional architecture has considerable productive potential. However, realizing it requires ensuring that digital systems can accurately capture the complexity of the physical world and that analytical outputs can be effectively translated into operational decisions.This special issue of Logistics Research was designed to address these dual challenges. It invited analytical, conceptual, empirical, experimental and optimization contributions that advance the understanding of digital and technological interfaces in transport and logistics at both the technological and the organizational-planning levels. In particular, the integration of digital technologies into physical assets and processes, as well as the application of data-driven analytical methods for supply chain decision-making, were identified as areas of primary interest. The two contributions of this special issue, Wehner (2026) and Doege (2026), address two essential and complementary dimensions of this transformation though different in scope and methodology: the physical implementation of autonomous technologies and the analytical use of network data for resilience.Digital interfaces in transport and logistics differ fundamentally in the nature of the problems they address and the level at which those problems arise. To position this heterogeneity, we propose a two-dimensional conceptual framework that distinguishes between the nature of the digital interface, depending on whether digital technologies primarily sense, translate and control physical assets (physical-digital interface) or act on digital representations of them (analytical-digital interface). This framework also distinguishes between the levels of analysis at which challenges and decisions arise for specific operations and technologies or across network-level coordination. These two dimensions are analytically necessary because operational and network-level challenges differ in scope, time horizon and coordination requirements, while the two interface types raise distinct technological and organizational issues. Table 1 maps this space through selected examples. The two contributions in this special issue occupy distinct positions within this space, as discussed in Section 2.3.This framework reflects observations drawn from a broader community, including discussions within the production, logistics and transportation research community, including exchanges at the 7th Interdisciplinary Conference on Production, Logistics and Traffic (ICPL", "keywords": [ "Cloud computing", "Digital transformation", "Big data", "Visibility", "Robot", "Cyber-physical system", "Supply chain", "Humanitarian Logistics", "Asset (computer security)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/lore-07-2026-088" } ]