[ { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204459502", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.7358631", "title": "An Exact Method to Solve the Multi-Trip 2-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Porters", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Suheyb Erdemci", "Antonio Martínez-Sykora", "Carlos Lamas Fernandez", "David Lai" ], "first_author": "Suheyb Erdemci", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Benchmark (surveying)", "Truck", "Vehicle routing problem", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Range (aeronautics)", "Scalability", "Key (lock)", "Linear programming" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7358631" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4410509506", "doi": "10.12928/si.v23i1.349", "title": "Optimizing Container Repositioning Using a Sequential Insertion Algorithm for Pickup-Delivery Routing in Export-Import Operations", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-30", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ary Arvianto", "Dihan Chofifah Cahyani", "Dhimas Wachid Nur Saputra" ], "first_author": "Ary Arvianto", "venue": "SPEKTRUM INDUSTRI", "publisher": "Industrial Engineering Department Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Ahmad Dahlan", "abstract": "The increasing number of empty containers significantly causes to traffic congestion and rising operational costs, thereby necessitating the development of an optimized routing model to enhance fleet utilization and minimize transportation expenses. This study focuses on optimizing container repositioning for pick-up and delivery operations using a heuristic approach derived from the Vehicle Routing Problem with Pick-Up and Delivery and Time Windows (VRPPD-TW). The proposed model employs a sequential insertion algorithm grounded in a mathematical framework and implemented in Python. Its accuracy is validated through manual calculations that correspond with the algorithmic steps. The objective is to minimize vehicle usage within the defined time constraints. This empirical study involves six nodes: a garage, two depots, two external container depots, and a port terminal, which handle the daily relocation of 44 containers for export-import activities. The model successfully reduces the number of trips from 37 to 6, demonstrating substantial optimization. The results show that the sequential insertion algorithm effectively solves the VRPPD-TW by enhancing solution space exploration, balancing workloads, and adapting to dynamic constraints. Managerial implications include a 75% reduction in fleet requirements and increased logistical efficiency. This research contributes a practical approach with the potential to lower operational costs and mitigate congestion by improving fleet utilization. However, the model has notable limitations, such as the exclusion of dynamic truck queuing times at each node and unresolved issues related to computational scalability.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Pickup", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Routing algorithm", "Algorithm", "Vehicle routing problem", "Engineering", "Embedded system", "Artificial intelligence", "Routing protocol", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journal3.uad.ac.id/index.php/spektrum/article/download/349/121" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4405839305", "doi": "10.1002/9781394172290.ch13", "title": "Hydrogen Transportation and Transmission", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-12-27", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Vincent J. DelGatto", "Louis Theodore", "R. Ryan Dupont", "Matthew C. Ogwu" ], "first_author": "Vincent J. DelGatto", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This chapter discusses four primary modes of U.S. hydrogen transportation and transmission: motor carrier, rail, pipeline, and vessel. The traditional transportation system in the United States is an extensive, interrelated public/private network of roads, airports, railroads, transit routes, waterways, terminals, ports, and pipelines. The traditional transportation industry discussed includes four different modes: air, rail, water, and road. Hydrogen transportation issues are directly related to hydrogen storage issues. In general, compact forms of hydrogen storage are more economical to transport, and diffuse forms are more costly. Mobile transport includes transport by truck, rail, or barge. The hydrogen being transported is stored in tanks appropriate to hydrogen storage method and transport medium. One option for providing clean hydrogen at filling stations and dispersed depots is the on-site generation of the gas by electrolysis. On-site manufacture of hydrogen sidesteps the issue of transporting it.", "keywords": [ "Transmission (telecommunications)", "Environmental science", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Business", "Telecommunications", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/9781394172290.ch13" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4388898280", "doi": "10.17077/0031-0360.22611", "title": "Officers and Directors", "year": 1957, "publication_date": "1957-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Frank P Donovan" ], "first_author": "Frank P Donovan", "venue": "The Palimpsest", "publisher": "University of Iowa", "abstract": "The postwar era saw the death of C. J. Seeds, the oldest officer on the road, who had served as treasurer or auditor continuously for forty-four years.His careful, methodical records were a de light to his fellow officers; and, although totally deaf, Seeds was one of the ablest on the manage ment team.His successor was W. W. Matthews, cashier of the Farmers & Merchants Savings Bank and son of Lafayette Matthews, the county treas urer, who had served as the road's secretary for two decades.The other officers consisted of Vice President C. J. Hockaday, who headed the Dela ware County Farm Mutual Insurance Company, Charles W. McCormick, partner in Stearns and McCormick's furniture store across the street from the depot, and F. B. Wilson, insurance agent and secretary of the school board.All ex cept Matthews had been with the road a dozen years or more and were familiar with its problems.President Carr prided himself on the road's personalized operation or, as he termed it, \"service a la carte.\"When shippers had a car loaded and ready to roll they phoned the depot and No. 6 headed out of the enginehouse and highballed the shipment to Oneida.To meet competition of trucks, a pick-up-and-delivery service was insti tuted before World War II.It became increas ingly obvious, however, that the line was fighting", "keywords": [ "Business", "Psychology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://pubs.lib.uiowa.edu/palimpsest/article/id/22611/download/pdf/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4394047866", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.8177270", "title": "Continent-scale inventory routing solutions", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-07-24", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Louis Bouvier", "Guillaume Dalle", "Axel Parmentier", "Thibaut Vidal" ], "first_author": "Louis Bouvier", "venue": "PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)", "publisher": "Polytechnique Montréal", "abstract": "This dataset of inventory routing solutions is a fruit of our partnership between Renault Group and the CERMICS laboratory at Ecole des Ponts. The related instances (also publicly available) are continent-scale with hundreds of customers, 21 days horizon, and 15 depots on average. Routes can last several days (continuous-time), and 30 types of commodities are involved, leading to bin packing problems when filling trucks. In our paper \"Solving a Continent-Scale Inventory Routing Problem at Renault\" we introduce a new large neighborhood search to solve those instances. This dataset contains the solutions provided both by our algorithm and by a benchmark we implement, as shown in the computational experiments section of our paper. We hope that sharing them publicly will motivate research on real-world and large-scale inventory routing. Environmental and economical impacts at stake are substantial.", "keywords": [ "Scale (ratio)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Environmental science", "Geology", "Computer science", "Geography", "Cartography", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8177270" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3195577822", "doi": "10.82308/53964", "title": "The geology of the Buchans Junction area, Newfoundland.", "year": 1952, "publication_date": "1952-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "N. Brown" ], "first_author": "N. Brown", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The purpose or this investigation is to give a description of the geology, with accompanying maps, of two areas near Millertown, Newfoundland. The field work was done during the summers of 1950 and 1951 for the Buchans Mining Company as a part of its scheme of systematically mapping their large mineral concession. Although the areas are not adjoining, the geology of the two will give a picture of the rock types found in crossing the “Central Mineralized Belt of Newfoundland”· Location The northern, or Buchans Junction Area, extends south of the C.N.R. tracks from points about eight miles west and two miles east of Millertown Junction to an east-west line running through the town or Millertown. ‘l’he centre of this area is approximately located at 48° 55’N - 56° 20’W. The southern, or Ambrose Lake Area, has a northern boundary about eight miles southwest of the Buchans Junction Area. It extends southward between the Victoria River on the west and the Anglo Newfoundland Development Company tramway on the east, to an east-west line a mile south of the depot at Ambrose Lake. To the south, the area extends 3½ miles east of a north-south running truck road of the A.N.D. Co. and thence south and southwest or the Noel Paul Brook. The position or the Ambrose Lake depot is approximately 48° 36’N - 56° 38’W. Rough geological sketches of this area were first made by W.E. Cormack in his trek across the island in 1822. [...]", "keywords": [ "Geology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.82308/53964" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2909532833", "doi": null, "title": "Neighborhood Search Algorithms for Multi-Trip Vehicle Routing", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-06-28", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Véronique François" ], "first_author": "Véronique François", "venue": "Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège)", "publisher": "University of Liège", "abstract": "Think about the lines of trucks we overtake on highways. Each of these trucks is performing a journey that may include several delivery or pickup operations before getting to a depot. And each of these journeys is generally determined through a large-scale planning process that concerns a fleet of vehicles. While establishing such a plan, transport operators organize vehicle journeys with an underlying objective such as the minimization of the transportation cost or the maximization of the service level. During the planning process, at least the following decisions have to be made: which customers are going to be visited by each vehicle and in which order. This is a difficult problem to solve even for as few as several tens of customers. In the literature, it is referred to as the vehicle routing problem, which has been extensively studied for nearly six decades. When solving a vehicle routing problem in a practical context, industry or company-specific constraints have to be taken into account, constantly providing the scientific community with new challenges. One of these calls for deciding how many times and when each vehicle should come back to a depot for loading purposes, besides determining the attribution of customers to vehicles and the related visit sequences. The underlying problem is called the multi-trip vehicle routing problem since each vehicle may perform more than one trip during the planning period, trips being separated by loading operations. Such problems are especially relevant in the field of city logistics. In this thesis, we propose a tailored heuristic approach to solve the multi-trip routing problem and compare it to a more classical solution scheme. We extend both solution methods and compare them on a variant of the problem that takes into account time windows and driver shifts. We configure our methods using an automatic algorithm configuration software and obtain numerical results that show that our tailored approach is very effective, especially in the presence of time windows. Moreover, we provide insights about the behavior of several algorithmic components. Also, we question algorithmic development methodologies and benchmark instances commonly used, and we propose related methodological contributions.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Computer science", "Algorithm", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/226188" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2287787927", "doi": "10.2172/1225696", "title": "Medium Duty Electric Vehicle Demonstration Project", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-05-31", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Robin J. D. Mackie" ], "first_author": "Robin J. D. Mackie", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The Smith Electric Vehicle Demonstration Project (SDP) was integral to the Smith business plan to establish a manufacturing base in the United States (US) and produce a portfolio of All Electric Vehicles (AEV’s) for the medium duty commercial truck market. Smith focused on the commercial depot based logistics market, as it represented the market that was most ready for the early adoption of AEV technology. The SDP enabled Smith to accelerate its introduction of vehicles and increase the size of its US supply chain to support early market adoption of AEV’s that were cost competitive, fully met the needs of a diverse set of end users and were compliant with Federal safety and emissions requirements. The SDP accelerated the development and production of various electric drive vehicle systems to substantially reduce petroleum consumption, reduce vehicular emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), and increase US jobs.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Portfolio", "Business", "Greenhouse gas", "Fuel efficiency", "Electric vehicle", "Consumption (sociology)", "Production (economics)", "Industrial organization", "Supply chain", "Environmental economics", "Transport engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1225696" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4416712995", "doi": "10.4018/979-8-3373-2240-7.ch013", "title": "Ethical and Legal Dimensions of Drones and Robots in Smart Business", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-26", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "ng", "authors": [ "Ananya Pandey", "Jipson Joseph" ], "first_author": "Ananya Pandey", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Use of drones and robots are slowly but surely making their way into people's personal and professional lives. International companies are spending millions of dollars on drone research and development for logistics. Companies like Google, Amazon, DHL, and Walmart are actively experimenting on autonomous systems and robotics. Drones and robots are used in the business strategies of these organizations to ensure last-mile delivery, which involves transporting packages straight from a depot to the ultimate customer, maintaining inventory, loading and unloading of trucks, order processing, and the like. But the usage of these advancements poses some critical ethical and legal issues. Authorities must pay attention to these challenges and difficulties in order to ensure their meaningful usage. This chapter, in this perspective, overviews the most significant legal and ethical concerns pertaining to the use of autonomous vehicles in smart businesses and logistics and provides recommendations for their effective utilization in future.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Order (exchange)", "Robot", "Ethical issues", "Agency (philosophy)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-2240-7.ch013" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4411288136", "doi": "10.37745/ejcsit.2013/vol13n383346", "title": "Transforming Logistics Operations Through Cloud-Based Systems Integration", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-15", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nagesh Shenisetty" ], "first_author": "Nagesh Shenisetty", "venue": "European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The integration of cloud-based systems is fundamentally transforming logistics operations by connecting previously isolated components across global supply networks. This integration directly impacts the physical movement of goods by synchronizing transportation networks, distribution center operations, and material handling processes. Organizations implementing cloud-based integration experience substantial improvements in fleet utilization, warehouse efficiency, and cross-docking operations. Transportation management systems optimize routing and carrier selection while warehouse and yard management systems enhance the physical handling of products. The architectural approaches powering these transformations enable real-time coordination of physical assets, from trucks and containers to forklifts and automated storage systems. Through real-world implementations, logistics providers demonstrate that cloud integration delivers measurable benefits in transportation network optimization, distribution center throughput, and inventory positioning, significantly reducing the physical distance products travel while improving service levels. This synchronized ecosystem enables logistics providers to effectively navigate increasingly complex global supply chains while optimizing the movement, storage, and handling of physical goods.", "keywords": [ "Cloud computing", "Computer science", "Systems engineering", "Process management", "Business", "Engineering", "Operating system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://eajournals.org/ejcsit/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2025/06/Transforming-Logistics-Operations.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W328305769", "doi": null, "title": "Paint Survey of Patriot Vehicles", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Pauline M. Smith", "Kestutis G. Chesonis" ], "first_author": "Pauline M. Smith", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has evaluated new water-reducible wash primers that do not contain hexavalent chromates and significantly minimize volatile organic compound (VOC)- and hazardous air pollutant-potential emissions during coating operations. The new wash primers are water-borne acrylic latex emulsions with corrosion-inhibiting pigments. The three water-reducible acrylic latex emulsion formulations are designed for use under MIL-P-53030, a water-reducible lead and chromate-free epoxy primer. Tests are required on military equipment to validate the completed laboratory and controlled testing. The ultimate objective of the process is to demonstrate that the low VOC wash primers can provide a drop-in solution to the environmental issues associated with the solvent-based primer currently in use and provide equal or better performance involving no significant changes to the application and stripping procedures currently being used. The field demonstration of this coating was tested on a Patriot truck unit, with serial no. 630106, at the Letterkenny Army Depot facility, Chambersburg, PA. The unit is an engagement control system (ECS). The ECS is the only manned station in the battery during the air battle and is the operations control center of the Patriot battery. The ECS contains the weapons control computer, man/machine interface, and various data and communication terminals. Its prime mover is a 5-ton tactical cargo truck.", "keywords": [ "Hazardous waste", "Primer (cosmetics)", "Truck", "Waste management", "Environmental science", "Coating", "Engineering", "Chemistry", "Automotive engineering", "Materials science", "Nanotechnology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA456303" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4393454360", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.8177271", "title": "Continent-scale inventory routing solutions", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-07-24", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Louis Bouvier", "Guillaume Dalle", "Axel Parmentier", "Thibaut Vidal" ], "first_author": "Louis Bouvier", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "This dataset of inventory routing solutions is a fruit of our partnership between Renault Group and the CERMICS laboratory at Ecole des Ponts. The related instances (also publicly available) are continent-scale with hundreds of customers, 21 days horizon, and 15 depots on average. Routes can last several days (continuous-time), and 30 types of commodities are involved, leading to bin packing problems when filling trucks. In our paper \"Solving a Continent-Scale Inventory Routing Problem at Renault\" we introduce a new large neighborhood search to solve those instances. This dataset contains the solutions provided both by our algorithm and by a benchmark we implement, as shown in the computational experiments section of our paper. We hope that sharing them publicly will motivate research on real-world and large-scale inventory routing. Environmental and economical impacts at stake are substantial.", "keywords": [ "Scale (ratio)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer science", "Environmental science", "Geography", "Cartography", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/8177271" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4410326989", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5252367", "title": "Simulation-Based Validation of Delivery Drone Energy Consumption", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "SungHyuk Choi" ], "first_author": "SungHyuk Choi", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Energy consumption", "Computer science", "Consumption (sociology)", "Energy (signal processing)", "Engineering", "Statistics", "Mathematics", "Electrical engineering", "Sociology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5252367" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4399197896", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2405.18566", "title": "A faster heuristic for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Drone", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-05-28", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Pedro Henrique Del Bianco Hokama", "Carla Négri Lintzmayer", "Mário César San Felice" ], "first_author": "Pedro Henrique Del Bianco Hokama", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Given a set of customers, the Flying Sidekick Traveling Salesman Problem (FSTSP) consists of using one truck and one drone to perform deliveries to them. The drone is limited to delivering to one customer at a time, after which it returns to the truck, from where it can be launched again. The goal is to minimize the time required to service all customers and return both vehicles to the depot. In the literature, we can find heuristics for this problem that follow the order-first split-second approach: find a Hamiltonian cycle h with all customers, and then remove some customers to be handled by the drone while deciding from where the drone will be launched and where it will be retrieved. Indeed, they optimally solve the h-FSTSP, which is a variation that consists of solving the FSTSP while respecting a given initial cycle h. We present the Lazy Drone Property, which guarantees that only some combinations of nodes for launch and retrieval of the drone need to be considered by algorithms for the h-FSTSP. We also present an algorithm that uses the property, and we show experimental results which corroborate its effectiveness in decreasing the running time of such algorithms. Our algorithm was shown to be more than 84 times faster than the previously best-known ones over the literature benchmark. Moreover, on average, it considered a number of launch and retrieval pairs that is linear on the number of customers, indicating that the algorithm's performance should be sustainable for larger instances.", "keywords": [ "Travelling salesman problem", "Drone", "Heuristic", "Traveling purchaser problem", "Computer science", "Mathematical optimization", "2-opt", "Lin–Kernighan heuristic", "Mathematics", "Artificial intelligence", "Biology", "Algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.18566" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4410876612", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5276482", "title": "Energy and Carbon Analysis of Multirotor Uavs for Urban Parcel Delivery", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "SungHyuk Choi" ], "first_author": "SungHyuk Choi", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Multirotor", "Energy (signal processing)", "Carbon fibers", "Environmental science", "Energy analysis", "Business", "Computer science", "Aerospace engineering", "Engineering", "Physics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5276482" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2299016550", "doi": null, "title": "Plan de mejoramiento de la empresa Distriolmedo CÍA. LTDA de la ciudad e Latacunga", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "es", "authors": [ "Olmedo Andino", "Nycol Thalia" ], "first_author": "Olmedo Andino", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The improvement plan for the company Distriolmedo Cia. LTDA. aims to perfect the work system in its daily operations. It is important to emphasize that each area of the company was taken into consideration in order to carry out adequate planning given that the following will be effected and optimized: Efficient and timely solutions for the problems or complaints presented daily. Fulfillment of all safety and security standards. Staff training in order to create a favorable working environment. Meeting of standards with trucks during the transport of the product and return to the depot. Video monitoring of the truck routes for safety with a camera installed in each vehicle. Building of a medical center for company staff. Implementation of a mobile workshop to optimize resources and speed up the process of vehicle maintenance. Creation of technological networks to manage customers and their satisfaction. According to the market research carried out, average satisfaction was 8.5 out of 10. Considering the company to be serious and responsible with its clients and products, and, above all, showing a high level of professionalism in its operations. The best logistics are based on strategic planning, performance evaluation markers, and organizational behavior variables with which distribution conditions will be strengthened. The financial cost of this improvement plan project is a Net Present Value of USD 12,262.44 and an Internal Rate of Return of 53% with leverage. Without leverage the Net Present Value is USD 171,015.93; the Internal Rate of Return is 32%; and the WACC is 9%, showing that this project would be both feasible and profitable.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Internal rate of return", "Leverage (statistics)", "Business", "Net present value", "Operations management", "Weighted average cost of capital", "Order (exchange)", "Strategic planning", "Return on investment", "Product (mathematics)", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dspace.udla.edu.ec/bitstream/33000/4436/1/UDLA-EC-TINI-2015-36.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4401922762", "doi": "10.58192/sidu.v3i3.2462", "title": "Analisis Kendala Pelayanan Jasa Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Terhadap Kelancaran Operasional pada Perusahaan Ekspedisi Muatan Kapal Laut", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-08-15", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mochammad Riyan Havidzi", "Bugi Nugraha", "Akhmad Kasan Gupron" ], "first_author": "Mochammad Riyan Havidzi", "venue": "Sinar Dunia Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Container services are services related to the use of containers or containers in the process of shipping goods. The container itself is a special container used to pack and transport goods efficiently, especially in trade. In the process of putting goods or stuffing goods that are packaged in the form of pallets, metal boxes and bulk. The process to enter a 20-foot or 40-foot container is determined by the number of buyer requests. The author chose qualitative descriptive research because this research is in accordance with the nature of the author's research which is descriptive and uses interview techniques, documentation, and others. In addition, this research is also in accordance with the practical research objectives. Mistakes in container stock management can have a devastating impact on the company, such as damage to goods, additional costs, and a tarnished reputation. To improve container loading and unloading services, companies need to improve communication, employee training, truck checks, forklift maintenance, and collaboration with service users. The process of shipping goods through the port involves various stages and parties such as consignees, suppliers, shippers, and field executives. The results of the study can be found that the process of container loading and unloading services in expedition companies experiences various obstacles, such as late truck drivers, delays in sending documents, shortage of containers, damage to container moving equipment at the depot, delays in the start of working hours, and too many containers that do not comply with the specifications by the exporter.", "keywords": [ "Business administration", "Mathematics", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.58192/sidu.v3i3.2462" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2924660134", "doi": "10.33904/ejfe.427547", "title": "Using Network 2000 Program for Transportation Planning of Forest Products", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-06-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hande Egemen Süslü" ], "first_author": "Hande Egemen Süslü", "venue": "European Journal of Forest Engineering", "publisher": "Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI)", "abstract": "The construction and maintenance of forest roads are the activities that require the highest financial investment in the extraction of forest products. In addition, the cost of transporting forest products from landing to storage area can be significant proportion of the total extraction cost. For this reason, forest engineers are obliged not only to reduce the cost of road construction and maintenance, but also to prepare the most appropriate transportation plan to minimize total costs. Computer aided models can be used to solve complex transportation problems that require the evaluation of many alternative routes and selection of the alternative with least cost. In this study, the Network 2000 program based on the shortest path algorithm was used in transportation planning of forest product, and then the solution capacity of the method was examined in a sample application. As a study area, two Forest Enterprise Chiefs (FECs) of Paşalar and Sarnıç were selected from Mustafakemalpasa Forest Enterprise Directorate (FED) in the border of Bursa Forest Regional Directorate. The transportation cost of the road sections, forest product types, location of landing and forest depots were entered into the Network 2000 program after being digitized with ArcGIS 10.2 software. In the solution process, firstly, the route that minimized the transportation cost was investigated, and then, the route with the maximum net profit was determined by taking the sale prices of forest products into consideration. According to results, the transportation cost mostly depends on the transportation time, hourly truck cost and load capacity of the truck.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Forest road", "Transport engineering", "Forest product", "Profit (economics)", "Total cost", "Flow network", "Product (mathematics)", "Investment (military)", "Plan (archaeology)", "Business", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/486930" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171459975", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.21629794", "title": "Bridging the Last Mile in Global B2B Trade: Integrating E-Commerce Logistics Innovation into the Asset-Light Model for Vietnamese SME Supply Chain Integration", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-27", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Quoc Trung Lai" ], "first_author": "Quoc Trung Lai", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "This paper develops and evaluates an integrated framework that transposes the operational logic of ecommerce last-mile delivery onto asset-light business-to-business (B2B) international trade in an emergingmarket setting. Last-mile delivery research has established that the final leg of order fulfillment issimultaneously the most expensive component of a logistics chain - commonly cited at 40 to over 50 percentof total shipping cost - and the primary determinant of customer experience, driving firms toward routeoptimization, micro-fulfillment networks, flexible partner ecosystems and sustainability-linked fleetstrategies. This literature has developed almost exclusively around business-to-consumer (B2C) parceldelivery within a single domestic market. A natural objection therefore arises: does last-mile theory applyat all to a multi-country, asset-light trading intermediary that never touches a parcel or a doorstep? Thispaper answers that objection directly. It shows, first, through a structured comparison of B2C and B2B lastmile logistics, that the two contexts share a common structural problem - centrally aggregated goods flowsmust be broken down, routed, and delivered to a fragmented set of endpoints under cost and time pressure- while differing in endpoint type, order scale, transport mode and failure-risk profile. Second, it shows thatinternational trade itself decomposes into a standardized, highly efficient ocean-freight middle mile flankedby two land-based, fragmented, and costly segments - an export-side first mile (aggregating dispersed farmsand cooperatives to port) and an import-side last mile (distributing consolidated cargo from a foreign portto fragmented domestic buyers) - so that a multi-country trading intermediary in fact manages a chain offirst-mile and last-mile problems repeated at each national endpoint. Using LAEXIM, a proposedVietnamese asset-light trading start-up spanning fertilizers, industrial chemicals, agricultural exports andpremium wine distribution, as the applied case, the paper builds a detailed operational mapping - outsourcedregional cross-docking hubs, AI-enabled lead-time and customs-risk management, freight- and inspectionpartner scorecarding and real-time client-facing shipment visibility - through which LAEXIM canorchestrate last-mile-quality outcomes at each national endpoint without owning a single truck, warehouseor vessel. It then re-derives LAEXIM's operating and financial model under this integrated framework,showing that disciplined application of last-mile-style optimization can plausibly compress logistics costfrom the model's original 6 to 8 percent of revenue target toward the lower end of that band, while shiftingLAEXIM's commercial positioning from port-to-port Incoterms (FOB/CIF) toward door-to-door deliveredterms (DAP/DDP) as a source of differentiation. The paper contributes to the literature by extending lastmile delivery theory beyond single-country B2C parcel logistics to multi-country B2B trade intermediationand by giving the resource-based view of asset-light trading firms a concrete, operationally testablelogistics-capability component.", "keywords": [ "Last mile (transportation)", "Supply chain", "Bridging (networking)", "Order (exchange)", "Vietnamese", "Vertical integration", "Supply chain management", "Intermediary" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21629794" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171417231", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.21629793", "title": "Bridging the Last Mile in Global B2B Trade: Integrating E-Commerce Logistics Innovation into the Asset-Light Model for Vietnamese SME Supply Chain Integration", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-27", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Quoc Trung Lai" ], "first_author": "Quoc Trung Lai", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "This paper develops and evaluates an integrated framework that transposes the operational logic of ecommerce last-mile delivery onto asset-light business-to-business (B2B) international trade in an emergingmarket setting. Last-mile delivery research has established that the final leg of order fulfillment issimultaneously the most expensive component of a logistics chain - commonly cited at 40 to over 50 percentof total shipping cost - and the primary determinant of customer experience, driving firms toward routeoptimization, micro-fulfillment networks, flexible partner ecosystems and sustainability-linked fleetstrategies. This literature has developed almost exclusively around business-to-consumer (B2C) parceldelivery within a single domestic market. A natural objection therefore arises: does last-mile theory applyat all to a multi-country, asset-light trading intermediary that never touches a parcel or a doorstep? Thispaper answers that objection directly. It shows, first, through a structured comparison of B2C and B2B lastmile logistics, that the two contexts share a common structural problem - centrally aggregated goods flowsmust be broken down, routed, and delivered to a fragmented set of endpoints under cost and time pressure- while differing in endpoint type, order scale, transport mode and failure-risk profile. Second, it shows thatinternational trade itself decomposes into a standardized, highly efficient ocean-freight middle mile flankedby two land-based, fragmented, and costly segments - an export-side first mile (aggregating dispersed farmsand cooperatives to port) and an import-side last mile (distributing consolidated cargo from a foreign portto fragmented domestic buyers) - so that a multi-country trading intermediary in fact manages a chain offirst-mile and last-mile problems repeated at each national endpoint. Using LAEXIM, a proposedVietnamese asset-light trading start-up spanning fertilizers, industrial chemicals, agricultural exports andpremium wine distribution, as the applied case, the paper builds a detailed operational mapping - outsourcedregional cross-docking hubs, AI-enabled lead-time and customs-risk management, freight- and inspectionpartner scorecarding and real-time client-facing shipment visibility - through which LAEXIM canorchestrate last-mile-quality outcomes at each national endpoint without owning a single truck, warehouseor vessel. It then re-derives LAEXIM's operating and financial model under this integrated framework,showing that disciplined application of last-mile-style optimization can plausibly compress logistics costfrom the model's original 6 to 8 percent of revenue target toward the lower end of that band, while shiftingLAEXIM's commercial positioning from port-to-port Incoterms (FOB/CIF) toward door-to-door deliveredterms (DAP/DDP) as a source of differentiation. The paper contributes to the literature by extending lastmile delivery theory beyond single-country B2C parcel logistics to multi-country B2B trade intermediationand by giving the resource-based view of asset-light trading firms a concrete, operationally testablelogistics-capability component.", "keywords": [ "Last mile (transportation)", "Supply chain", "Bridging (networking)", "Order (exchange)", "Vietnamese", "Vertical integration", "Supply chain management", "Intermediary" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21629793" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7150846111", "doi": "10.4271/2026-01-0430", "title": "A Comprehensive Modelling Tool for Heavy-Duty Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery Powertrains", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-07", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Gianluca Montecchi", "Lorenzo Martoccia", "Alessandro D'Adamo" ], "first_author": "Gianluca Montecchi", "venue": "SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The global transition towards sustainable transportation is driving the development of efficient, low-emission propulsion systems. Battery-electric solutions are effective in urban contexts, but face limitations in heavy-duty and long-haul applications due to the size and weight of the required energy storage. Hybrid battery/fuel cell powertrains offer a promising alternative for such use cases, reducing vehicle mass and charging times while maintaining high energy efficiency. This study presents an original zero-dimensional MATLAB/Simulink model, named HyPoST (Hydrogen Powertrain Simulation Tool), for a parallel hybrid fuel cell/battery system, here applied to heavy-duty vehicles. The model encompasses the main vehicle sub-systems, including the fuel cell stack with auxiliaries, battery pack, electric drive, transmission and the vehicle longitudinal dynamics, coordinated through a rule-based energy management strategy. Two representative heavy-duty vehicle configurations were analysed: a Group 5 long-haul truck, and a Group 2 urban delivery vehicle. A model-to-model validation strategy was performed using VECTO as a reference, the reference European Union’s tool for estimating energy consumption in heavy-duty vehicles. A graphical user interface (GUI) enables users to modify vehicle parameters and run customized simulations, and the model is made available to the scientific community in open and editable version upon request to the authors. The results demonstrate that HyPoST accurately reproduces heavy-duty vehicle behaviour for both truck models, as revealed by the analysis of gear selection, electric motor, and battery telemetries, providing a scalable and accessible tool for engineers, researchers and students.", "keywords": [ "Powertrain", "Energy management", "Battery (electricity)", "Electric vehicle", "Hybrid vehicle", "Truck", "Propulsion", "Continuously variable transmission", "Fuel efficiency" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1405657" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4379623764", "doi": "10.1353/iur.2015.a838475", "title": "Report: Kenya's anti-union highway", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Isabel Cortes" ], "first_author": "Isabel Cortes", "venue": "International Union Rights", "publisher": null, "abstract": "the KLDTDAWU called on the ITF family for international solidarity support. The ITF immediately launched a campaign calling for an end to the violence and for the company to negotiate with the union. The first step was to raise the flag and stop the police aggression. The ITF’s General Secretary, acting on behalf of 4.5 million transport workers, contacted the CEO of Agility Logistics and urged the company to negotiate with workers . Meanwhile, the ITF set about spreading the word amongst the union family about the shocking violence Agility workers faced for demanding their rights. A LabourStart campaign was launched and within two days more than five thousand people sent a message to CEO Tarek Abdul Aziz Sultan calling for respect and union recognition. At the end of March an ITF monitoring team, accompanied by an official from the Britain’s UNITE the Union, arrived in Kenya to meet with the Agility CEO in Kenya, Kola Saibaba. The team gathered evidence and workers’ stories needed for a strategic campaign. In Nairobi, the team met with truck drivers and mechanics at Agility’s Gilgil Road depot and the Agility warehouse at Broadway. The ITF team also travelled to meet with workers at the Agility branch in Mombasa. At the Gilgil Road depot, workers told the ITF about their unsafe and unfair working conditions. “We are working 24/7. When it comes to accidents we just take care of ourselves. When it comes to payment, it’s very little . We have families and we can’t make it with this salary”, explained Ronald, an Agility Logistics trucker based in Nairobi. At the Broadway warehouse , workers told the ITF that their jobs were to be outsourced with only a few days notice and that their new employer was trying to force them to sign a new contract, which failed to give any information about their new terms and conditions . Workers feared that they could be forced to work in different locations far away from their homes. Workers also reported that management had required them to work an extra three hours, apparently in an attempt to prevent them meeting the ITF team. Then, in Mombasa, four Agility workers, who were active members of the union, told the ITF that they had recently received notice that they would be transferred to new workplaces. The workers reported that they were given only nine days’ transfer notice. Truck drivers involved in the recent strike also complained that they were facing reprisals from management. They reported that they had been sent on journeys without enough fuel, leading to some of them becoming stranded. Agility told its workers that their salaries would be delayed, a move which workers regarded as retaliation for the recent strike. Drivers who had been involved Agility Logistics workers demand decent work and a voice at work INTERNATIONAL union rights Page 18 Volume 22 Issue 2 2015 ISABEL CORTES, International Transport Workers' Federation, London T ruck drivers, warehouse and clerical workers in Kenya are demanding a voice at work and safe and fair working conditions. They are all employees at Agility Logistics, one of the world’s largest logistics companies, headquartered in Kuwait. Together they facilitate the flow of goods on Kenya’s Northern Corridor, a key route linking land-locked Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi with Kenya’s maritime port of Mombasa. Agility joins a list of companies operating in this region that are notoriously anti-union. In March this year a group of Agility truckers began a peaceful protest against excessive working hours, intimidation and denial of union recognition. Police responded with violence and intimidation. Four months later, following a call for international solidarity and many broken promises from Agility, the workers and their union, the Kenya Long Distance Truck Drivers and Allied Workers Union (KLDTDAWU) remain determined and are standing firm in their fight for rights along the anti-union highway. The trigger On 3 March, drivers parked their trucks on the main highway between Mombasa and Nairobi in a peaceful protest against excessive working hours, intimidation and denial of union recognition by Agility Logistics. A second group of drivers gathered near to Mai Mahui, on the road between Nairobi and...", "keywords": [ "Solidarity", "Negotiation", "Payment", "Trade union", "Political science", "Business", "Management", "Engineering", "Public relations", "Law", "Finance", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/iur.2015.a838475" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2478142785", "doi": null, "title": "Impacts of Information Technology (IT) Systems on the Efficiency of Empty-Container Park Operations for the Port of Melbourne", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Teresa Lucia Gil-Campos" ], "first_author": "Teresa Lucia Gil-Campos", "venue": "Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)", "publisher": "Victoria University of Wellington", "abstract": "As disclosed by the Port of Melbourne Corporation in 2015, full import containers significantly outnumber full export containers in the port of Melbourne, indicating that the port has become a major import container location experiencing acute pressures to manage the disequilibrium in trade flows. The report further points to increased container volumes through the port of Melbourne over the decade 2005-2015 – an increase of 650,000 twenty-foot containers. This growth in port-related containerised volumes creates capacity constraints in landside transport infrastructures and container parks’ facilities resulting from increased truck movements in and around the port of Melbourne. As specified by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission in 2011, these capacity constraints at container parks resulted from random truck arrivals patterns, which caused depots to alternate periods of low truck traffic activity with periods of excess demand that generated major delays. Also, transport carriers often arrived at container parks to be notified of the unavailability of stocks to attend to empty collections, that is, futile trips occurred on a regular basis. In this line, previous industry studies had noted in as early as 2004 and 2005 the need to implement a vehicle booking system with a view to deliver superior visibility and thus operational gains for the empty-container supply chain in an effort to address the capacity challenges already experienced in and around the port of Melbourne. This thesis examines the proposition that the adoption of information technology is central in integrating and thus streamlining container chain operations resulting in superior supply chain efficiency. For this purpose this research will explore, in a detailed case study, the adoption of the Containerchain portal by some of the empty-container parks in the port of Melbourne. In particular, this thesis seeks to shed light on the impacts this web-based application is having on the integration of chain activities and operational chain efficiency given differentiated empty-container parks and empty-container chains.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Port (circuit theory)", "Truck", "Supply chain", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Operations management", "Engineering", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://vuir.vu.edu.au/31013/3/GIL-CAMPOS%20Teresa-thesis_nosignature.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W220602855", "doi": null, "title": "Department of Defense Materiel Distribution System Study,", "year": 1977, "publication_date": "1977-01-26", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Wolff,Joel C", "Potter,Ronald S", "Alling ,Philip C", "LaPointe,Richard W" ], "first_author": "Wolff,Joel C", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Transportation costs are one of the major factors in the review and analysis of the Defense Materiel Distribution System now under consideration by the DOD Materiel Distribution System (DODMDS) Study Group of the Joint Logistics Commanders. The purpose of this Report is to provide a forecast of the magnitude of the rate increases that can be anticipated to the year 1982 for the rail, truck, and air transportation modes. These figures will be used as inputs to the computer models being developed to analyze the depot and transportation costs under the present distribution system, under an improved system, and under a system reflecting future technological change. The forecast is based primarily upon the historical cost data, by mode, for each of the principal cost elements -- labor, fuel, materials and supplies, depreciation and taxes. These data were projected and modified to reflect future economic and management trends, national policies affecting transportation (including environmental and energy), governmental transportation policies, and technological developments. (Author)", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Distribution (mathematics)", "Principal (computer security)", "Depreciation (economics)", "Transport engineering", "Operations research", "Technological change", "Engineering", "Business", "Computer science", "Economics", "Computer security" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA035640" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3124202256", "doi": null, "title": "Empirical Estimation Of Attributes Influencing Warehouse/Distribution Center Operations: Washington State Warehouse Industry", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Eric Jessup", "Quentin Pike", "Ken Casavant" ], "first_author": "Eric Jessup", "venue": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "publisher": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "abstract": "An estimated 21.6 million truck trips are made each year on Washington state highways. An estimated 45% of that transported freight originated from or is destined for a warehouse or distribution center within the state. The growing amount of congestion within the state of Washington has prompted concern over the state’s ability to anticipate and provide for current and future freight transportation infrastructure needs. The general objective of this paper is to investigate the operations and transportation usage of warehouse/distribution centers in Washington. Three specific objectives were outlined for this research. 1) Provide a description of the common operations and functions performed in the warehouse/ distribution center industry and assess those characteristics associated with warehouses in Washington. 2) Determine the relationship of warehouse size, and inbound and outbound truck movement as variables in the warehouse/distribution center industry based upon warehouse functions in relation to facility location. Warehouses in the state of Washington are sorted into two regions, eastern and western. 3) Evaluate the same three issues in relation to warehouse functions and whether they are involved with international trade. Warehouses within the state were sorted into two warehouse types, international and domestic. A survey of warehouses in the state yielded information from 142 firms broadly distributed across the state. A multiple linear regression utilizing the stepwise function is performed in SAS to evaluate, among others, the relationships among warehouse size, and inbound and outbound truck movement relative to warehouse functions. Findings include the fact public warehouses serve a critical role in the number of truckloads occurring within eastern Washington. Meanwhile, cold storage and ‘Other’ warehouse facilities generate a large number of truckloads in western Washington. Warehouses in eastern Washington operating a private fleet are typically smaller, while western warehouses outsourcing to third-party providers are larger. A noticeable increase occurs in the number of truckloads for domestic warehouses that offer cross-docking services and handle a greater number of products. For international warehouses, cold storage facilities have significantly more truckload movement than other facilities types. The size of both domestic and international warehouses is significantly influenced by the number of bays and employees within a facility. Variations by commodity being handled are analyzed in the paper as well.", "keywords": [ "Warehouse", "Truck", "Data warehouse", "Distribution (mathematics)", "State (computer science)", "Distribution center", "Business", "Function (biology)", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Database", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/207955/files/2006_2B_EmpEst_paper.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2292065438", "doi": null, "title": "Impact of Technological Procedures Safety of Meat Products Producer In Industrial Conditions", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-05-30", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Aco Kuzelov", "Mitre Stojanovski", "Elena Joševska", "Marenceva, Daniela" ], "first_author": "Aco Kuzelov", "venue": "Goce Delchev University Repository (Goce Delčev University of Štip)", "publisher": "Goce Delcev University", "abstract": "Production of wholesome, high quality and safe meat products primarily depends on technological operations during production, legislative regulation and control the production of meat products in all segments of the manufacturing process. During the manufacturing process should be taken for the proper conduct of all technological operations from farm to table. No for technologists working in local industries can affect the proper functioning of the technological operations of unloading of animals in cattle depot and can not before animal nutrition, breeding method, procedure for loading animals into a truck through the presented issues in the paper shows the impact of negative factors that affect the safety of meat and meat products required on who may indirectly or directly affect technologist. One of the important factors that affect the quality and safety of meat products is the correct processing of meat especially when using salt for brining. During brining meat appear nitrosamines / substances with high carcinogenic", "keywords": [ "Meat packing industry", "Production (economics)", "Business", "Quality (philosophy)", "Agricultural science", "Food science", "Environmental science", "Chemistry", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/8497/1/__ugd.edu.mk_private_UserFiles_aco.kuzelov_Desktop_JOURNAL%20OF%20MOINTAIN%20AGRICULTURE%20ON%20THE%20BALKANS.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W607631731", "doi": null, "title": "BLACK SMOKE EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION", "year": 1996, "publication_date": "1996-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "P C Rao", "Terry Pearce" ], "first_author": "P C Rao", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "A research project to measure black smoke emissions from two fleets of vehicles in India is described. Emissions were correlated with the fuel consumed by the same vehicles. The aims of the project were to demonstrate to the operators that cleaning up vehicle exhausts can save money through reduced fuel costs and determine whether black smoke emissions in India were high because of bad fuel quality or engine design. The tests were carried out by means of the free acceleration smoke test using an opacimeter. Test vehicles included buses, manufactured by Leyland and Tata, ranging in age from one to 15 years and Tata trucks from one to 15 years old. The vehicles were tested, approximately once a week for several months, immediately on return to their depots for servicing. Fuel consumption was collected over the same period supplemented by an Index of Performance to account for loading and route difficulty. For the covering abstract see IRRD 879918.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Smoke", "Fuel efficiency", "Environmental science", "Automotive engineering", "Waste management", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.637.2048" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4212924467", "doi": "10.1007/978-981-16-7088-6_38", "title": "Inventory, Storage and Routing Optimization with Homogenous Fleet in the Secondary Distribution Network Using a Hybrid VRP, Clustering and MIP Approach", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Akansha Kumar", "Ameya Munagekar" ], "first_author": "Akansha Kumar", "venue": "Advances in intelligent systems and computing", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Cluster analysis", "Mathematical optimization", "Computer science", "Truck", "Integer programming", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Shortest path problem", "Operations research", "Graph", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7088-6_38" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2264234337", "doi": null, "title": "내륙물류터미널 정보 아키텍처 설계 연구", "year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-11-01", "type": "article", "language": "ko", "authors": [ "김영훈" ], "first_author": "김영훈", "venue": "한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집", "publisher": null, "abstract": "In this paper I had carried out the study on the basic design for real-time information architecture of RFID. The real-time information architecture of RFID has applied RFID to inland container depot. Those objects are container, vehicle, railway freight, yard truck and stacker. Through the real-time location confirmation of RFID applied objects, it constructs the information system for the efficiency improvement of operation of logistics. In this paper, I had introduced the analysis of problems in terms of nowadays information and improvement items. Based on the above facts, as the system object of RFID real-time information basis. I had chosen the system with basic information administration, gate management, location confirmation of container, control of yard and control of railway transport. To analyze the business process of each system, I had utilized the Use-Case design and carried out analysis of activity diagram based on the UML(unified modeling language).", "keywords": [ "Stacker", "Container (type theory)", "Unified Modeling Language", "Computer science", "Truck", "Process (computing)", "Information system", "Control (management)", "Architecture", "Business process", "Object (grammar)", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE01296798" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4233695640", "doi": "10.1007/1-4020-0611-x_667", "title": "Networks of queues", "year": 2001, "publication_date": "2001-01-01", "type": "reference-entry", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Richard F. Serfozo" ], "first_author": "Richard F. Serfozo", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Queue", "Computer science", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0611-x_667" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2281719390", "doi": null, "title": "Cold-chain breaks in Africa [letter]", "year": 1988, "publication_date": "1988-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Pabst Hf", "Jill Taylor" ], "first_author": "Pabst Hf", "venue": "The Lancet", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "A survey in 1987 in Cameroons Northwest Province recorded a 35% seroconversion rate of measles vaccinated (Schwarz) children over 9 months of age. Similarly we saw Ugandan children with measles even though they had been vaccinated 2-3 months earlier as hospital and vaccination nurse records showed. During recent visits to African countries we therefore inquired into the function of the cold-chain for measles vaccine. Lyophilized vaccine is flown in (usually from European manufacturers) stored in government maintained depots and transported to vaccination centers in government trucks. Color indicators in shipment lots ensure that the vaccine is stored at the proper temperature. The following breaks in the cold-chain were discovered. On 1 occasion 80000 doses of vaccine from Europe arrived by air without knowledge of the recipient. The shipment remained on the airport tarmac for 2 days (average temperature over 30 degrees Celsius) before it was brought into storage and distributed for vaccination. In 1 rural central depot the cold storage containers which transport vaccine into villages had lost the snaps that keep lids tight and the foam rubber fittings of the lids had disappeared. Adequate insulation could not be ensured. In 1 vaccine storage refrigerator the temperature was 8-12 degrees Celsius instead of 4 degrees Celsius; vaccination personnel used it to cool freshly made tea. On another occasion the color indicators had been removed after receipt in a central depot because it was believed that distribution from the center was always safe. These personal observations indicate how much detail in the field must be observed to ensure cold-chain integrity. Follow-up of the results of the Expanded Program for Immunization is essential to evaluate critically the benefit of national immunization days. Also there is need for a measles vaccine which has a better record under the field and epidemiological conditions peculiar to developing countries. (full text)", "keywords": [ "Cold chain", "Measles", "Vaccination", "Seroconversion", "Medicine", "Receipt", "Cold storage", "Degree Celsius", "Measles vaccine", "Virology", "Business", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.popline.org/node/359857" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2282949289", "doi": "10.22004/ag.econ.207955", "title": "EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF ATTRIBUTES INFLUENCING WAREHOUSE/DISTRIBUTION CENTER OPERATIONS: WASHINGTON STATE WAREHOUSE INDUSTRY", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Eric Jessup", "Quentin Pike", "Ken Casavant", "Jessup, Eric", "Pike, Quentin", "Casavant, Ken" ], "first_author": "Eric Jessup", "venue": "AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)", "publisher": "University of Minnesota Rochester", "abstract": "An estimated 21.6 million truck trips are made each year on Washington state highways. An estimated 45% of that transported freight originated from or is destined for a warehouse or distribution center within the state. The growing amount of congestion within the state of Washington has prompted concern over the state’s ability to anticipate and provide for current and future freight transportation infrastructure needs. The general objective of this paper is to investigate the operations and transportation usage of warehouse/distribution centers in Washington. Three specific objectives were outlined for this research. 1) Provide a description of the common operations and functions performed in the warehouse/ distribution center industry and assess those characteristics associated with warehouses in Washington. 2) Determine the relationship of warehouse size, and inbound and outbound truck movement as variables in the warehouse/distribution center industry based upon warehouse functions in relation to facility location. Warehouses in the state of Washington are sorted into two regions, eastern and western. 3) Evaluate the same three issues in relation to warehouse functions and whether they are involved with international trade. Warehouses within the state were sorted into two warehouse types, international and domestic. A survey of warehouses in the state yielded information from 142 firms broadly distributed across the state. A multiple linear regression utilizing the stepwise function is performed in SAS to evaluate, among others, the relationships among warehouse size, and inbound and outbound truck movement relative to warehouse functions. Findings include the fact public warehouses serve a critical role in the number of truckloads occurring within eastern Washington. Meanwhile, cold storage and ‘Other’ warehouse facilities generate a large number of truckloads in western Washington. Warehouses in eastern Washington operating a private fleet are typically smaller, while western warehouses outsourcing to third-party providers are larger. A noticeable increase occurs in the number of truckloads for domestic warehouses that offer cross-docking services and handle a greater number of products. For international warehouses, cold storage facilities have significantly more truckload movement than other facilities types. The size of both domestic and international warehouses is significantly influenced by the number of bays and employees within a facility. Variations by commodity being handled are analyzed in the paper as well.", "keywords": [ "Warehouse", "Truck", "Data warehouse", "Distribution (mathematics)", "State (computer science)", "Distribution center", "Business", "Function (biology)", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Database", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/207955/files/2006_2B_EmpEst_paper.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4399398551", "doi": "10.46254/an14.20240051", "title": "Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with On-Demand Charging System", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-02-12", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mir Ehsan Hesam Sadati", "Bülent Çatay" ], "first_author": "Mir Ehsan Hesam Sadati", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Many logistics operators predominantly rely on diesel-powered vehicles for their delivery services. However, the adverse external effects of internal combustion engine vehicles have led governments and city authorities to enact more stringent regulations governing freight transportation within urban areas. These initiatives promote the transition to alternative fuel vehicles, with a primary focus on electric vehicles (EVs). Consequently, it is anticipated that EVs will make up a substantial portion of logistics operators' vehicle fleets. Inadequate charging infrastructure has been a significant impediment to the widespread adoption of EVs. Charging at the depot is a practical solution in real-world logistics operations due to limited recharging infrastructure in many regions and the uncertainty surrounding charger availability. While there may be numerous public recharging stations in the area, not all are suitable for commercial vehicles, especially trucks. Furthermore, some companies prefer charging their EVs at their depots due to factors like high energy costs at public stations. Nevertheless, this approach can result in operational inefficiencies, especially for deliveries in peri-urban and rural areas. To address this, offering charging services for EVs, such as deploying mobile chargers (MCs), can enhance the efficiency of EV usage. In other words, a flexible recharging system with an on-demand mobile charging approach can be recommended. We introduce the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with On-Demand Charging System to tackle these challenges. MCs recharge EV batteries at customer locations along their routes when necessary. We have developed a matheuristic algorithm that combines the variable neighborhood search (VNS) and an exact method.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Electric vehicle", "Vehicle routing problem", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Automotive engineering", "Computer network", "Engineering", "Power (physics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ieomsociety.org/proceedings/2024dubai/51.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2913076746", "doi": null, "title": "Penyelesaian Capacitated Closed Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows (Ccvrptw) Menggunakan Brkga Dengan Local Search", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "id", "authors": [ "Musyahida Azmy Alfatsani", "Hari Prasetyo" ], "first_author": "Musyahida Azmy Alfatsani", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Determining the shortest route sequence for distributing productfrom depot to a number of outlets to minimize the total distribution cost is the main problem to deal with in Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). Capacitated Closed Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (CCVRPTW) is a variant of VRPthat accommodates the truck capacity and the working hours at the distribution. As CCVRPTW falls into NP-hard problem, it requires an efficient and effective algorithm to find the optimal solution. This research is aimed at designing Biased Random Key Genetic Algorithm (BRKGA) combined with a local search to solve CCVRPTW. The proposed algorithm is then coded in MATLAB. Using extensive numerical tests, the best setting of the algorithm parameters is obtained. The performance of the algorithm is then compared to a heuristic for solving a soft drink distribution problem. The result shows that BRKGA hybridized with a local search returns a lower total distribution cost compared to that of resulting from the heuristic. in addition, it is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm could further improve the performance of the standard BRKGA.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Mathematical optimization", "Heuristic", "Local search (optimization)", "Genetic algorithm", "Computer science", "Key (lock)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Mathematics", "Algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://eprints.ums.ac.id/45799/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4392508863", "doi": "10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i31104", "title": "The Application of Mathematical Modelling to Optimize Steel Reinforcement Shipping Cost for Construction Projects by Julius Berger", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-03-06", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kenneth Miebaka Oba" ], "first_author": "Kenneth Miebaka Oba", "venue": "Journal of Engineering Research and Reports", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The problem of transporting steel reinforcement for construction purposes has always been eminent in construction projects. In this study, the transportation model was applied while shipping steel reinforcement from three supply locations to three construction sites owned by Julius Berger construction limited, in the city of Port Harcourt. The study was done for 100-ton truck load of steel reinforcement bars with standard 12m lengths and diameters 8mm to 40mm. This was from the three selected steel depots in Port Harcourt. The costs of transporting the steel reinforcement bars were analyzed using the basic steps of simplex algorithm for solving transportation problems. The initial and optimum feasible solutions were obtained. The Stepping Stone method was used for the optimum solution after three consecutive iterations, which amounted to $3,813 or (₦2,897,880 as of March 2023). The result was compared with that obtained from Microsoft Excel solver. There was no difference between the two results.", "keywords": [ "Reinforcement", "Construction engineering", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Operations research", "Structural engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journaljerr.com/index.php/JERR/article/download/1104/2194" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4379046945", "doi": "10.1017/9781800107816.017", "title": "Ministry of Supply Sales, Peacock, Merry and Swaffield", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-11-20", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Keith Lazenby" ], "first_author": "Keith Lazenby", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Ministry of Supply sales, 1947–1952 Many people will have largely forgotten, or may never have known, the shortages that persisted in the early years following the Second World War. Food, clothing, furniture and petrol were rationed. Materials for manufacturing and building were subject to strict regulations and many prices were controlled. This environment meant that there was considerable interest in the post-war Ministry of Supply sales undertaken by Peacock, Merry and Swaffield. Throughout the British Isles there were vast quantities of surplus military vehicles, equipment and other items stored in depots, awaiting disposal. One such, Elstow Storage Depot, was sited some four miles south of Bedford, off the A6 trunk road, close to approaches to the village of Wilstead. Now developed as The Wixams, this huge depot and the adjacent munitions factory once extended as far as Ampthill Road at Kempston Hardwick. The task of disposal lay with the Ministry of Supply which, assisted by the Chartered Auctioneers’ and Estate Agents’ Institute, selected a panel of auctioneers to sell the items for disposal by public auction, without reserve. Following a meeting in London attended by Robert Peacock, the best-known chattel auctioneer in Bedford, Peacocks were appointed to the panel. The first sale to take place at Elstow Storage Depot was held on 10 and 11 March 1947, when some 350 motor vehicles, 60 factory trucks and miscellaneous equipment including electric motors, cine equipment, 800 stereoscopes and gun sighting telescopes came under the hammer. The prospect of Peacocks enjoying sole local control of these attractive sales led Jack Merry of Stafford, Rogers and Merry Ltd, the Bedford auctioneers, to make representations to share the work. Arising from these representations a special partnership trading as Peacock and Merry was formed for the second sale at Elstow, which lasted for four days from 30 June 1947. The Peacock and Merry partnership had conducted just two sales before Norman Foster made persistent overtures on behalf of Swaffield & Son, the old-established Ampthill auctioneers, to participate in the work. Thus it was that a consortium trading as Peacock, Merry and Swaffield was established, and held its first sale at Elstow for three days from 4 November 1947. This partnership continued for thirty-eight sales until the final three day sale from 9 September 1952.", "keywords": [ "Christian ministry", "Business", "Political science", "Law" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/9781800107816.017" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4387103349", "doi": "10.5821/dissertation-2117-93936", "title": "Análisis de estrategias eficientes en la logística de distribución de paquetería", "year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-12-18", "type": "dissertation", "language": "es", "authors": [ "Miquel Estrada" ], "first_author": "Miquel Estrada", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "La tesis doctoral propone una nueva metodología de optimización del problema de diseño rutas de distribución de muchos orígenes a muchos destinos en paquetería. La optimización minimiza los costes de transporte del sistema y combina algoritmos heurísticos con el metaheurístico Búsqueda Tabú. Se han considerado tres estrategias para realizar el envío de un volumen de mercancía entre un origen y un destino [envío directo, paradas múltiples (peddling) y envío a través de una terminal de consolidación o almacén de cross-docking (hub)] adaptándose como restricciones a la capacidad de los vehículos, los plazos temporales para realizar en envío y el número de muelles de cross-docking en cada terminal. El problema de optimización combinatoria se resuelve eficazmente mediante Búsqueda Tabú, consiguiendo una reducción del coste del sistema en relación a otros procedimientos heurísticos del 7% en problemas a carga completa (Full Truck Load, FTL) y superior al 12% en problemas a carga fraccionada (Less than Truck Load, LTL). A nivel heurístico, el criterio de parada y el criterio de reinicialización del procedimiento de búsqueda han condicionado en gran medida la bondad de la solución. Adicionalmente, se ha desarrollado una estrategia de aceptación de envíos de paradas múltiples (peddling) basada en criterios probabilísticos que conlleva una reducción media del 10% sobre el coste del sistema. Aplicaciones a baterías de problemas, algunos de ellos basados en datos reales, certifican la bondad del modelo desarrollado. El modelo determina en cada caso el tamaño del vehículo más competitivo en costes en función de la carga media de los envíos (en volumen) y de los costes de transporte y de las paradas. Únicamente en casos puntuales las flotas de tamaño intermedio son competitivas en costes. La determinación del número óptimo de hubs depende del tamaño medio de envío. El número de terminales hub para pocos puntos y envíos medios grandes (>30m3) es entre 1 y 2 y este número crece casi linealmente con el número de puntos. Para envíos más pequeños (<10m3) los crecimientos del número de hubs son más variables. Se presenta la formulación de una función estimativa de los costes totales del problema con unos errores de estimación inferiores al 16% de la solución propuesta por el algoritmo. Finalmente, la congestión en la red de transporte afecta de forma relevante los costes de distribución del sistema. En la congestión de los muelles de cross-docking de las terminales, los costes son más importantes en escenarios de envíos a carga completa que en problemas LTL. En relación a la congestión en los arcos de la red, se constatan variaciones de costes poco relevantes para reducciones de velocidad acotadas. Finalmente, se sugieren extensiones de la investigación y del modelo desarrollado.", "keywords": [ "Humanities", "Mathematics", "Combinatorics", "Philosophy" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/2117/93936/8/08MER_Capitol6.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1551593204", "doi": null, "title": "Initiating continuing improvement within Greenfield sites: A federal remanufacturing facility case study", "year": 1992, "publication_date": "1992-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jane Montgomery", "B. K. Paul" ], "first_author": "Jane Montgomery", "venue": "University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)", "publisher": "University of North Texas", "abstract": "The setting for this study was a federal government remanufacturing depot, responsible for the replacement and overhaul of large wheeled vehicles. These vehicles include 2.5 and 5 ton trucks and their major subordinate component items such as engines, axles, and transmissions. At the time of the case study the depot was involved in the design and construction of a 400,000 square foot hard metal subordinate items remanufacturing facility. The purpose of the facility was to consolidate all existing subordinate item remanufacturing under one roof. Commodity items to be remanufactured within the facility included engines, transmissions, transfer cases, axles, differentials, power generators, and other components. From the onset, the concept of consolidating existing processes under one roof had posed a significant material handling problem. Digital simulation was used to analyze material flow patterns within the new facility. As a result it was determined that, without changing the existing flow of material between processes, significant choke points would form in the areas of shared-capacity resources such as cleaning and painting. It was estimated that these choke points, representing piles of work-in-process (WIP) inventory, would clog aisles and prevent forklifts from making essential deliveries. Thus, a strategy was needed for controlling the buildup of WIP inventory within the new facility. To accomplish this objective, a program was begun to certify the WIP inventory levels of each subordinate item commodity line within existing facilities prior to the move into the new facility. This program focused on training workers in new methods of inventory control, production control, and quality control needed to minimize the WIP levels required within the new facility.", "keywords": [ "Remanufacturing", "Business", "Computer science", "Waste management", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Manufacturing engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1401970/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7134898349", "doi": "10.17632/rw5k4pz44w.3", "title": "Efficient active-passive vehicle coordination in multimodal transportation networks", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-11", "type": "dataset", "language": null, "authors": [ "Peter Eder" ], "first_author": "Peter Eder", "venue": "Mendeley Data", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This dataset accompanies a study submitted to \"Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review\", focusing on a modular, demand-responsive transport system. The system uses passive, modular containers, or “pods,” that are transported across multiple vehicle types like trucks, trains, and boats to fulfill door-to-door customer requests. The study's main objective is to improve customer satisfaction and reduce operator costs, thus providing a more flexible alternative to traditional public transportation systems. The unique challenge lies in synchronizing the movements of both the pods and the vehicles they rely on, which creates interdependencies between routes. To address this, a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) and an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) heuristic were developed, alongside a clustering approach to accelerate solution times for real-world applications. This dataset validates the performance of these optimization methods, providing a practical framework for testing advanced multimodal routing solutions. Since no standard benchmark data existed for this novel system, the dataset consists of five custom instance sets - A to E - with increasing levels of complexity and sizes, containing 30 instances each. The instances include randomly generated hubs in a two-dimensional space, with minimum pairwise distances maintained for spatial realism. The transportation network is constructed by assigning edges randomly within each modality (e.g., road, rail) while ensuring full connectivity. Additionally, each base and pod is assigned a capacity, and time windows for customer requests vary, with each subsequent set having a longer time window range. Travel times are computed as the Euclidean distance between hubs divided by a constant speed factor, with adjustments for loading and boarding times to reflect real-world operational delays.", "keywords": [ "Benchmark (surveying)", "Heuristic", "Set (abstract data type)", "Cluster analysis", "Pairwise comparison", "Modular design", "Vehicle routing problem", "Synchronizing", "Heuristics", "Operator (biology)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.17632/rw5k4pz44w.3" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4313203001", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7488489", "title": "Time Dependent Drone-aided Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Multi-visits", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-10-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yiliang Yuan", "Jiahang Xie" ], "first_author": "Yiliang Yuan", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "The continuous development of e-commerce and ongoing pandemic in recent years leads to a large increase in the demand for last-mile delivery with higher standards of service quality. The usage of unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, is an ideal solution for such complex delivery problems. When designing the delivery system with the drone, we cannot omit the following features of drones: drones have the unique ability to avoid traffic congestion compared to truck traveling; and the dispatched drones need customer assistance to retrieve goods in parcel releasing procedures. In this paper, the time-dependent vehicle routing problem with drones and time windows (TDVRPDTW) is introduced. For practical application scenarios, the parcel releasing operation of drones needs customer assistance. Thus, the drone visits are fulfilled in given time windows for each demand point. Besides, the time-dependent traveling routes of trucks are also considered to capture road congestion. The objective is to minimize total route makespan, and vehicles’ dispatch times at the depot are crucial to avoid urban congestion. We present a branch-and-price algorithm to solve the optimization. The master problem is solved using a customized column generation algorithm and the pricing problem is solved by a tailored labeling algorithm with a novel dominance rule that allows more label dominance. For our numerous experimental results, we modified Solomon’s data sets by adding time dependency. Our algorithm can solve all the small-scale and medium-scale instances optimally. In terms of large-size instances, more than 90\\% are solved optimally within 2 hours.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Computer science", "Vehicle routing problem", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Computer network", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/7488489" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7159916036", "doi": null, "title": "Intelligent Electric Vehicle Routing for Goods Delivery under Real-Time Traffic Conditions: A Comparative Framework for Modular Battery Swapping and Dynamic Wireless Charging", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ranjit Jakharabhai Odedra" ], "first_author": "Ranjit Jakharabhai Odedra", "venue": "Scholars Commons (Wilfrid Laurier University)", "publisher": "Wilfrid Laurier University", "abstract": "Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming central to sustainable and intelligent transportation systems, particularly in urban logistics, where reducing emissions, congestion, and operating inefficiencies is increasingly important. Despite their environmental advantages, the large-scale deployment of EVs in delivery operations remains constrained by limited driving range, time-consuming energy replenishment, and the difficulty of making routing decisions under dynamic traffic and load-dependent energy consumption. Addressing these challenges is essential for improving the practicality and reliability of EV-based freight transportation. This thesis investigates optimization frameworks for EV routing in urban delivery systems by studying two complementary energy replenishment strategies: modular battery segment swapping and the joint use of charging stations (CS) and electric road systems. In the first part, the thesis introduces an Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Battery Segment Swapping (EVRP-BSS), where a single electric delivery truck dynamically adapts its route using real-time traffic information while deciding when, where, and how many battery modules to swap. In the second part, the thesis studies EV routing in networks equipped with conventional charging stations and dynamic wireless charging (DWC) through electric road systems (ERS), where the vehicle must determine efficient delivery sequences, route choices, and charging modality decisions under battery and traffic constraints. In both problems, vehicle energy consumption is modeled as load-aware, reflecting the fact that battery depletion changes as payload decreases during deliveries. To solve these two problems, this thesis formulates problem-specific Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) models and investigates multiple scalable solution approaches. The MILP models are used to obtain optimal solutions for small-scale instances and to provide rigorous benchmark baselines. To address larger instances, where exact optimization becomes computationally prohibitive, the thesis develops and evaluates several heuristic and metaheuristic methods. For the modular battery segment swapping problem, these include the proposed heuristic called Minimizing Travel Time and Energy Swapping Cost (MT2EWC), a Genetic Algorithm (GA), Clarke and Wright Savings (CW) Algorithm, and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). For the electric-road-integrated routing problem, the thesis similarly examines GA, CW, and ACO as scalable alternatives to the optimization model. Computational results demonstrate that the proposed methods effectively balance solution quality and scalability. The battery-swapping framework achieves strong real-time performance while maintaining near-optimal behavior on small instances and robust operation on large-scale and real-world road networks. The electric-road routing framework shows that strategically exploiting electrified road segments can reduce total delivery time compared with relying only on stationary charging infrastructure. Overall, this thesis provides a complementary contribution to intelligent EV logistics by advancing real-time, energy-aware routing models that improve operational efficiency, enhance vehicle utilization, and support the development of more sustainable urban transportation systems.", "keywords": [ "Battery (electricity)", "Modular design", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Electric vehicle", "Payload (computing)", "Energy consumption", "Battery pack", "Software deployment", "Truck" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/2915" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4414916344", "doi": "10.7176/ejbm/17-8-05", "title": "Application of sustainable intermodal systems to expedite modal shift and increase the competitiveness of Chattogram Port in Bangladesh", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Razon Chandra Saha" ], "first_author": "Razon Chandra Saha", "venue": "European Journal of Business and Management", "publisher": "IISTE", "abstract": "In recent years, the principal seaport of Bangladesh, Chattogram Port, has been handling 3 million TEUs (Twenty-foot Equivalent Units) regularly. Of these, some 70% are destined for or originate in the capital city Dhaka and its adjacent areas. The two main intermodal hubs in the country are Dhaka Rail Inland Container Depot (DICD) and Pangaon Inland Container Terminal (PICT). There is no connection of road intermodal as road-connected dry ports other than Chattogram are not available also, a drayage system is absent in Bangladesh in managing the hinterland or reaching the last mile by applying intermodal freight transportation systems. Due to excessive traffic congestion and nighttime movements allowed in DICD, it faces considerable delays in reaching the last mile. On the other hand, PICT remains underutilized due to various operational challenges and discouraged due to backward logistics and location problems. This research applied qualitative methods to explore the possible obstacles in allowing dry ports in Dhaka and road intermodal, why not alternative mode rail and inland waterways are not popular and not promoted by the government to apply sustainable intermodal systems, and how to avoid traditional trucks and covered vans in inland freight transport and introduce modern trucks and efficient terminals. In the findings, it was seen that Bangladesh relies exclusively on diesel-powered trucks and covered vans to transport containerized cargo from/to Chattogram Port which is not environmentally friendly and reasons for extreme CO2 emissions also affecting the passenger transportation. In addition, inland freight nodes are not developing due to policy problems and the arrangement of cargo security in the inland passage. The research's practical implications will enable Bangladesh to establish dry ports in Dhaka and its adjacent areas, an integrated intermodal system, and expedite modal shift also increase the competitiveness of Chattogram Port in Bangladesh. Keywords: Chattogram Port, Intermodal Freight Transportation Systems, Backward Logistics, Inland Waterways, Environmentally Friendly, Dry Ports. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/17-8-05 Publication date: September 30th 2025", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Port (circuit theory)", "Container (type theory)", "Government (linguistics)", "Sustainable transport", "Last mile (transportation)", "Sustainable development", "Capital city" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/download/63458/65590" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2766126462", "doi": null, "title": "Pre-feasibility study on an inland water container transport service at Lake Volta, Ghana", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Koos Toebes" ], "first_author": "Koos Toebes", "venue": "Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)", "publisher": "Delft University of Technology", "abstract": "The inland waters of Ghana have a considerable potential for the operation of inland water transport (IWT) services. These services could be part of a multimodal transport corridor, to connect the northern regions and the northern landlocked countries with the industrial southern part of the country, which also includes the port of Tema, one of the gateways of the landlocked countries. However, despite the many advantages of IWT, these waters are currently barely used for freight transportation. The absence of a high quality IWT service is mainly unfortunate, as Ghana suffers from the consequences of the unilateral road transport market: the many trucks leads to congestions, traffic hazards and long (and unreliable) transport times. Besides this, the freight transportation by road is rather expensive. An IWT service on the Ghanaian inland waters could be able to improve the cost and time performances of the Ghanaian transit corridor. The Ghanaian inland waters are mainly formed by Lake Volta and the upstream Volta Rivers. The water levels of these waters are subject to the local climate, which results in (very) low water levels during the dry season (from November to July). The water levels of Lake Volta allow year round navigation, but that does not hold for the Volta Rivers. In fact, Buipe Port, along the Black Volta, is probably the most upstream location that can be reached for most part of the year, while a year round accessibility can be guaranteed after dredging a shoal, a bit downstream of the port. The potential container market for the IWT service is quite small, being about 8,000 TEUs per year. Nearly all these containers are currently transported by road from Tema Port to Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Due to the congestions and (bad) conditions of roads and trucks, the northbound journey (about 1,000 km) takes about four days. The corresponding price for transport is also very high, being about USD 2,600 for a 20 ft. container. The only commercial IWT service at Lake Volta, is not able to deliver better performances, due to bad and inappropriate equipment. The feasibility of three different IWT services is investigated: roll-on/roll-off of truck/trailer combinations or roll trailers on the one hand, and lift-on/lift-off of containers on the other hand. All the alternatives are based on the concept of barges being pushed by push tugs, as this is the most promising concept from a financial point of view. It can be concluded that the potential transit container market of 8,000 TEU/year, for which the IWT service has to compete for, is too small to result in a profitable service. However, when relocating the transit traffic (clearance) procedures from Tema Port to Buipe Port, the yearly container throughput via Lake Volta will be much higher, making an IWT service viable and profitable. Besides, this relocation will result in extra space in the port of Tema, and can result in more efficient clearance procedures, thereby decreasing the total door-to-door time of transit traffic.", "keywords": [ "Landlocked country", "Port (circuit theory)", "Truck", "Environmental science", "Upstream (networking)", "Water transport", "Water resource management", "Dredging", "Shoal", "Environmental protection", "Environmental engineering", "Water flow" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b79e3359-5bf4-4e49-a981-e10588219fc8" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W232103892", "doi": null, "title": "Analysis and evaluation of the Department of Defense's shift from motor carrier to rail movements of ammunition within the Continental United States", "year": 1999, "publication_date": "1999-03-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Bruce A. Martin" ], "first_author": "Bruce A. Martin", "venue": "Calhoun: The Naval Postgraduate School Institutional Archive (Naval Postgraduate School)", "publisher": "Naval Postgraduate School", "abstract": "The Department of Defense relied heavily on commercial transportation for both unit deployment and ammunition sustainment during Desert Shield/Desert Storm. Nearly 70 percent of all ammunition was carried by commercial truck companies. The Mobility Requirements Study (MRS) and Mobility Requirements Study Bottom Up Review Update (MRS BURU) identified transportation requirements for mobilization in response to a Major Regional Contingency (MRC). There are many issues and concerns within both industry and DoD that can be identified as factors affecting readiness, such as declining numbers and sizes of railcars and insufficient Container Handling Equipment at ammunition depots. These factors and others risk DoD's ability to deploy ammunition rapidly in response to contingencies and conduct efficient day-to-day operations. Many of these factors stem from the way DoD does business, the changing industry environment, and inconsistent peacetime versus wartime operational requirements. This thesis analyzes factors affecting modal combination decisions as well as the current and future viability for transporting DoD's arms, ammunition, and explosives", "keywords": [ "Ammunition", "Engineering", "Truck", "Software deployment", "Transport engineering", "Aeronautics", "Container (type theory)", "Peacetime", "Officer", "Contingency plan", "Operations research", "Operations management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/10945/7879" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7167611311", "doi": "10.1186/s12544-026-00807-3", "title": "Spatiotemporal analysis of commercial electric vehicle charging in metropolitan regions", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-07", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Lennard Hensel", "Volker Grajewski", "Tilman Matteis", "Gernot Liedtke" ], "first_author": "Lennard Hensel", "venue": "European Transport Research Review", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": "Abstract This study presents a simulation-based methodological framework for analyzing commercial electric vehicle charging patterns with high spatial and temporal resolution in metropolitan regions. Applied to the Munich Metropolitan Region, the simulation evaluates electrification scenarios across multiple commercial vehicle types and economic sectors. Base charging at depot locations becomes increasingly dominant, rising from 43% of total energy demand in 2024 to 78% by 2035. Spatial analysis identifies critical infrastructure gaps, with passenger car charging deficits concentrated in Munich city and Augsburg where demand growth outpaces official planned infrastructure expansion. For heavy-duty vehicles, analysis shows that 35 strategically located truck parking facilities could address approximately 75% of projected charging demand by 2035, demonstrating the potential for targeted infrastructure retrofitting. The study contributes a transferable simulation framework for spatially and temporally differentiated commercial vehicle charging analysis and demonstrates its application for evidence-based metropolitan infrastructure planning.", "keywords": [ "Metropolitan area", "Electrification", "Truck", "Electric vehicle", "Transportation infrastructure", "Energy demand", "Energy consumption" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12544-026-00807-3.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W630772714", "doi": null, "title": "Impact of Commercial Vehicle Tour Types on Vehicle Kilometers Traveled in Urban Areas", "year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Miguel Figliozzi" ], "first_author": "Miguel Figliozzi", "venue": "Transportation Research Board 86th Annual MeetingTransportation Research Board", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The emphasis of this research is on the analysis of commercial vehicle tours. Tours are disaggregated by their routing constraints. The generation of Vehicle Kilometers Traveled (VKT) by tour type is analytically modeled and analyzed. The relative influence of the number of stops per tour, tour duration, and time window constraints on VKT is discussed using an analytical framework. Multistop tours are proven to generate more VKT than direct deliveries even for equal payloads. Intuition about the impacts of network changes and policy implications on VKT is derived. Implications for the calibration of trip generation and distribution models are discussed. It is proved that the percentage of empty trips has no correlation with the efficiency of the tours regarding VKT generation. The shape of Trip Length Distributions (TLD) is discussed. It is shown that the average trip length and the TLD shape are strongly dependent on the tour type, distance from the depot/distribution center to the service area, density of stops, and number of stops per tour. Implications for data collection needs are analyzed. Data and indicators that are needed to estimate and forecast truck VKT are proposed.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle miles of travel", "Transport engineering", "Trip distribution", "Truck", "Trip generation", "Kilometer", "Geography", "TRIPS architecture", "Meteorology", "Environmental science", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/801330" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7119131252", "doi": "10.1080/23302674.2025.2611333", "title": "Sustainable last-mile delivery with drones and on-demand outsourcing", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-06", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shouvik Bhattacharyya", "Shalabh Singh", "Shalabh Singh", "Sonia Singh", "Sonia Singh" ], "first_author": "Shouvik Bhattacharyya", "venue": "International Journal of Systems Science Operations & Logistics", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "abstract": "This study examines two intriguing aspects of last-mile delivery: on-demand outsourcing and drones. Logistics providers may sometimes rely on on-demand outsourcing, in addition to private fleets, to achieve quicker turnaround times, reduce carbon emissions, or address insufficient fleet capacity. The paper explores the delivery via a private fleet comprising trucks and drones that operate independently from a central depot along with the option of on-demand outsourcing. For on-demand outsourcing, an estimate of the total delivery time together with the associated carbon emissions is known in advance. The problem is formulated as a bi-objective Mixed Integer Linear Programme (MILP) with delivery makespan and carbon emissions as the two objectives. A two-step ϵ-constraint bi-objective method is provided to generate Pareto optimal solutions for small to medium-sized problems. For larger instances, an iterated local search heuristic is developed, which effectively solves all relevant instances from the standard CVRPLIB library, balancing delivery time and carbon emissions.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Outsourcing", "Context (archaeology)", "Sustainable development", "Sustainability" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23302674.2025.2611333" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4381300295", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-65596-3_21", "title": "Logistics", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Stefan Edelkamp" ], "first_author": "Stefan Edelkamp", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Reachability", "Travelling salesman problem", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Solver", "Truck", "Operations research", "Job shop scheduling", "Multi-agent system", "Process (computing)", "Service (business)", "Quality of service" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65596-3_21" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4393672915", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.8289900", "title": "Container Logistics Object-centric Event Log", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-08-28", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Benedikt Knopp", "Nina Graves" ], "first_author": "Benedikt Knopp", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "General Description Our company sells goods overseas. After receiving an order, the shipment of goods is scheduled. According to this schedule, the goods are picked up from the local production site and brought to a terminal where a logistics service provider receives and ships them. This is an artificial event log according to the OCEL 2.0 Standard simulated using CPN-Tools. Both the CPN and the SQLite can be downloaded. Process Overview From a customer order perspective, the process begins when the order is registered at our company (register customer order). After registration, a transport document is created in which details of the further process are recorded (create transport document). Using this information, the logistics service provider is contacted to coordinate the transport of the ordered goods to the seaport. Twice a week, that provider sends a vehicle to a terminal, with a limited capacity for containers of ordered goods to be transported from the terminal to a seaport. For our company, available capacties vary from vehicle to vehicle, as we are not the only company booking spots. Once the logistics service provider receives our transport documents, they book capacities according to availability and container prioritizations in the upcoming weeks (book vehicles). Once the dates for transporting the goods to the terminal are set, our company contacts a container depot to reserve the required containers (order empty containers). When a container’s vehicle departure approaches, the goods are prepared, packed and shipped to the terminal. For this purpose, a truck is sent to the container depot (pick up empty container). Meanwhile, the ordered goods to be shipped are packed into handling units at the production site. After loading the handling units (load truck), the truck drives the full container to the terminal (drive to terminal). At the terminal, the container is picked up by a free forklift and weighed (weigh). Unless the vehicle departure is imminent, the container is placed in the storage location at the terminal (place in stock). Finally, it is moved to the vehicle (bring to loading bay, load to vehicle) which departs at a fixed time (depart). Despite careful planning, containers sometimes miss a vehicle’s departure. In this case, the container is rescheduled to the next possible vehicle (reschedule container) and kept near the loading ramp until then. Further information can be found at: https://www.ocel-standard.org/beta/event-logs/simulations/logistics/ General Properties An overview of log properties is given below. Property Value Event Types 14 Object Types 7 Events 35761 Objects 14013 Control-Flow Behavior The behavior of the log is described by a respective object-centric Petri net. Also, individual object types exhibit behavior that can be described by simpler Petri nets. See below. Container Transport Documents Customer Order Truck Forklift Vehicle Handling Unit Object Relationships During the process, object-to-object relations can emerge at activity occurrences as follows. Activity Source Object Type Target Object Type Qualifier Create Transport Document Customer Order Transport Document TD for CO Book Vehicle Transport Document Vehicle Regular VH for TD Book Vehicle Transport Document Vehicle High-Prio VH for TD Order Empty Containers Transport Document Container CR for TD Pick Empty Container Truck Container TR loads CR Load Truck Container Handling Unit CR contains HU Reschedule Container Transport Document Vehicle Substitute VH for TD Simulation Model The CPN used to create this event log can also be downloaded.To obtain simulated data, extract the linked ZIP file and play out the CPN therein, e.g., by using CPN Tools. The play-out produces CSV files according to the schema of OCEL2.0. This Python notebook can be used to convert these files to an SQLite dump. For a technical documentation of the simulation model, please open the attached CPN with CPN Tools and see the annotations therein. Acknowledgements Funded under the Excellence Strategy of the Federal Government and the Länder. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC-2023 Internet of Production - 390621612. We also thank the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Stiftung for supporting our research.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Event (particle physics)", "Object (grammar)", "Computer science", "Database", "Engineering", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/8289900" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4230973764", "doi": "10.1021/cen-v035n039.p078", "title": "Chemicals via Waterways", "year": 1957, "publication_date": "1957-09-30", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [], "first_author": null, "venue": "Chemical & Engineering News", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "abstract": "WITHIN THE NEXT FEW DAYS the keel will be laid for an 18,000-ton chemical tanker. Dow has ordered the ship, the third in its fleet of custom-built vessels for shipping chemicals in bulk. Du Pont recently completed three new methanol storage depots, part of a nationwide marine terminal system. The Chemical Market Research Association held a three-day meeting this month exclusively devoted to discussing the St. Lawrence Seaway. These news items reflect the latest trend in chemical transportation—water. Because it's often cheaper than rail or truck, water is getting the nod from chemical traffic men. In 1950, 9 million tons of chemicals moved domestically by barge and ship. Last year the total was up to 13.3 million, an increase of 50%. And it's a fairly safe bet that 1957 will show still another gain for chemical water traffic. Domestic water shipment of most all groups of commodities is reaching new highs. But during the six-year ...", "keywords": [ "Business", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Waste management", "Chemistry" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v035n039.p078" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4232479727", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-08816-7_54", "title": "Line-Based Optimization of LTL-Shipments Using a Multi-Step Genetic Algorithm", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Christian Tummel", "Tobias Pyttel", "Philipp Wolters", "Eckart Hauck", "Sabina Jeschke" ], "first_author": "Christian Tummel", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Crossover", "Mathematical optimization", "Genetic algorithm", "Computer science", "Meta-optimization", "Optimization problem", "Vehicle routing problem", "Process (computing)", "Operator (biology)", "Mutation", "Multi-objective optimization", "Routing (electronic design automation)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08816-7_54" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4393624519", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.8289899", "title": "Container Logistics Object-centric Event Log", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-26", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Benedikt Knopp", "Nina Graves" ], "first_author": "Benedikt Knopp", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "General Description Our company sells goods overseas. After receiving an order, the shipment of goods is scheduled. According to this schedule, the goods are picked up from the local production site and brought to a terminal where a logistics service provider receives and ships them. This is an artificial event log according to the OCEL 2.0 Standard simulated using CPN-Tools. Both the CPN and the SQLite can be downloaded. Process Overview From a customer order perspective, the process begins when the order is registered at our company (register customer order). After registration, a transport document is created in which details of the further process are recorded (create transport document). Using this information, the logistics service provider is contacted to coordinate the transport of the ordered goods to the seaport. Twice a week, that provider sends a vehicle to a terminal, with a limited capacity for containers of ordered goods to be transported from the terminal to a seaport. For our company, available capacties vary from vehicle to vehicle, as we are not the only company booking spots. Once the logistics service provider receives our transport documents, they book capacities according to availability and container prioritizations in the upcoming weeks (book vehicles). Once the dates for transporting the goods to the terminal are set, our company contacts a container depot to reserve the required containers (order empty containers). When a container’s vehicle departure approaches, the goods are prepared, packed and shipped to the terminal. For this purpose, a truck is sent to the container depot (pick up empty container). Meanwhile, the ordered goods to be shipped are packed into handling units at the production site. After loading the handling units (load truck), the truck drives the full container to the terminal (drive to terminal). At the terminal, the container is picked up by a free forklift and weighed (weigh). Unless the vehicle departure is imminent, the container is placed in the storage location at the terminal (place in stock). Finally, it is moved to the vehicle (bring to loading bay, load to vehicle) which departs at a fixed time (depart). Despite careful planning, containers sometimes miss a vehicle’s departure. In this case, the container is rescheduled to the next possible vehicle (reschedule container) and kept near the loading ramp until then. Further information can be found at: https://www.ocel-standard.org/beta/event-logs/simulations/logistics/ General Properties An overview of log properties is given below. Property Value Event Types 14 Object Types 7 Events 35761 Objects 14013 Control-Flow Behavior The behavior of the log is described by a respective object-centric Petri net. Also, individual object types exhibit behavior that can be described by simpler Petri nets. See below. Container Transport Documents Customer Order Truck Forklift Vehicle Handling Unit Object Relationships During the process, object-to-object relations can emerge at activity occurrences as follows. Activity Source Object Type Target Object Type Qualifier Create Transport Document Customer Order Transport Document TD for CO Book Vehicle Transport Document Vehicle Regular VH for TD Book Vehicle Transport Document Vehicle High-Prio VH for TD Order Empty Containers Transport Document Container CR for TD Pick Empty Container Truck Container TR loads CR Load Truck Container Handling Unit CR contains HU Reschedule Container Transport Document Vehicle Substitute VH for TD Simulation Model The CPN used to create this event log can also be downloaded.To obtain simulated data, extract the linked ZIP file and play out the CPN therein, e.g., by using CPN Tools. The play-out produces CSV files according to the schema of OCEL2.0. This Python notebook can be used to convert these files to an SQLite dump. For a technical documentation of the simulation model, please open the attached CPN with CPN Tools and see the annotations therein. Acknowledgements Funded under the Excellence Strategy of the Federal Government and the Länder. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC-2023 Internet of Production - 390621612. We also thank the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Stiftung for supporting our research.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Event (particle physics)", "Object (grammar)", "Computer science", "Database", "Engineering", "Artificial intelligence", "Physics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8289899" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7125676983", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18373888", "title": "Container Logistics Object-centric Event Log", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-26", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Benedikt Knopp", "Nina Graves" ], "first_author": "Benedikt Knopp", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "General Description Our company sells goods overseas. After receiving an order, the shipment of goods is scheduled. According to this schedule, the goods are picked up from the local production site and brought to a terminal where a logistics service provider receives and ships them. This is an artificial event log according to the OCEL 2.0 Standard simulated using CPN-Tools. Both the CPN and the SQLite can be downloaded. Process Overview From a customer order perspective, the process begins when the order is registered at our company (register customer order). After registration, a transport document is created in which details of the further process are recorded (create transport document). Using this information, the logistics service provider is contacted to coordinate the transport of the ordered goods to the seaport. Twice a week, that provider sends a vehicle to a terminal, with a limited capacity for containers of ordered goods to be transported from the terminal to a seaport. For our company, available capacties vary from vehicle to vehicle, as we are not the only company booking spots. Once the logistics service provider receives our transport documents, they book capacities according to availability and container prioritizations in the upcoming weeks (book vehicles). Once the dates for transporting the goods to the terminal are set, our company contacts a container depot to reserve the required containers (order empty containers). When a container’s vehicle departure approaches, the goods are prepared, packed and shipped to the terminal. For this purpose, a truck is sent to the container depot (pick up empty container). Meanwhile, the ordered goods to be shipped are packed into handling units at the production site. After loading the handling units (load truck), the truck drives the full container to the terminal (drive to terminal). At the terminal, the container is picked up by a free forklift and weighed (weigh). Unless the vehicle departure is imminent, the container is placed in the storage location at the terminal (place in stock). Finally, it is moved to the vehicle (bring to loading bay, load to vehicle) which departs at a fixed time (depart). Despite careful planning, containers sometimes miss a vehicle’s departure. In this case, the container is rescheduled to the next possible vehicle (reschedule container) and kept near the loading ramp until then. Further information can be found at: https://www.ocel-standard.org/beta/event-logs/simulations/logistics/ General Properties An overview of log properties is given below. Property Value Event Types 14 Object Types 7 Events 35761 Objects 14013 Control-Flow Behavior The behavior of the log is described by a respective object-centric Petri net. Also, individual object types exhibit behavior that can be described by simpler Petri nets. See below. Container Transport Documents Customer Order Truck Forklift Vehicle Handling Unit Object Relationships During the process, object-to-object relations can emerge at activity occurrences as follows. Activity Source Object Type Target Object Type Qualifier Create Transport Document Customer Order Transport Document TD for CO Book Vehicle Transport Document Vehicle Regular VH for TD Book Vehicle Transport Document Vehicle High-Prio VH for TD Order Empty Containers Transport Document Container CR for TD Pick Empty Container Truck Container TR loads CR Load Truck Container Handling Unit CR contains HU Reschedule Container Transport Document Vehicle Substitute VH for TD Simulation Model The CPN used to create this event log can also be downloaded.To obtain simulated data, extract the linked ZIP file and play out the CPN therein, e.g., by using CPN Tools. The play-out produces CSV files according to the schema of OCEL2.0. This Python notebook can be used to convert these files to an SQLite dump. For a technical documentation of the simulation model, please open the attached CPN with CPN Tools and see the annotations therein. Acknowledgements Funded under the Excellence Strategy of the Federal Government and the Länder. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC-2023 Internet of Production - 390621612. We also thank the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Stiftung for supporting our research.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Truck", "Service (business)", "Order (exchange)", "Event (particle physics)", "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Finished good", "Dangerous goods", "Service provider" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18373888" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204833532", "doi": "10.55927/fjcis.v5i1.16637", "title": "Design and Build a Real-Time Based 3 Kg LPG Distribution Information System Using the Laravel Framework at PT. Tasya Gasindo", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-30", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Yasmin Neylanda Pulungan", "Meilita Tryana Sembiring", "Juliza Hidayati" ], "first_author": "Yasmin Neylanda Pulungan", "venue": "Formosa Journal of Computer and Information Science", "publisher": null, "abstract": "PT. Tasya Gasindo, an LPG 3 kg distribution agent in Medan, Indonesia, faced significant operational inefficiencies due to the absence of a real-time stock and demand monitoring system. Trucks frequently returned to the depot with unsold cylinders, causing queuing delays and Pertamina fines for unmet daily Delivery Order targets. This study designed and implemented a web-based distribution information system using the Laravel frame-work (MVC architecture, MySQL) providing real-time stock and demand data across 69 distribution bases. The descriptive-qualitative and software engineering approach included observation, interviews, and documentation. Black Box Testing covered 16 scenarios (all passed) with direct user evaluation. Average monthly residual cylinders decreased from 744 units (2022–2024) to 220 units in March–April 2025 a 70.4% reduction. The Fulfill-ment Rate improved from 99.20% to 99.74%, reducing estimated monthly Pertamina fines from Rp22.32 million to Rp6.60 million", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Stock (firearms)", "Information system", "Residual", "Software", "Distribution (mathematics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journal.formosapublisher.org/index.php/fjcis/article/download/16637/16649" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W211981481", "doi": null, "title": "The Impact of Introducing 48- by 45-Inch Two-Way Pallets for General-Purpose Worldwide Military Use.", "year": 1976, "publication_date": "1976-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kabel,George H.", "Ellis,Charles G." ], "first_author": "Kabel,George H.", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This study describes and evaluates the impact of introducing a two-way 48- by 45-inch material-handling pallet for general military use worldwide. Comparisons are made between the standard general-use 40- by 48-inch four-way entry pallet and a 48- by 45-inch two-way entry pallet. The study considers compatibility of each type of pallet with all transportation modes, storage and handling facilities, and equipment. It considers floor utilization in containers, trucks, and railcars. Economic analysis of total DOD pallet usage, including pallet manufacture and distribution costs, pallet space utilization, and average life of a pallet are presented. The study investigates pallet preferences of the various armed services and the impact of pallet size on NATO agreements and on long-range DOD planning, including automated terminals and depots. The study concludes that the standard pallet configuration should be maintained, especially for Naval operations, handling of ammunition, and interfacing with NATO countries. It also indicates that other configurations may be preferable in some operations. (Author)", "keywords": [ "Pallet", "Truck", "Engineering", "Interfacing", "Transport engineering", "Operations research", "Operations management", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering", "Mechanical engineering", "Computer hardware" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA027828" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4231724162", "doi": "10.37917/ijeee.12.2", "title": null, "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-12-01", "type": "paratext", "language": "en", "authors": [], "first_author": null, "venue": "Iraqi Journal for Electrical And Electronic Engineering", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Nowadays, there are no accurate records of the various quantities of fuel being dispensed at the Iraqi fuel stations.All such reports are usually paper-based and are missing the required precision to control this valuable commodity, which could lead to misuse or illegal sale of fuel.This paper presents a control system based on RFID technology to monitor the supply and dispensing of vehicle fuel in Baghdad.The system consists of RFID readers attached to fuel dispensers and pumps, and RFID tags assigned to the vehicles and the trucks used for delivering fuel to the fuel stations.A hardware part is connected to conventional fuel dispensers and machines, located at both the stations and the fuel refineries or depots, which makes them work under the control of the RFID system, without the need to rebuild new dispensers.The designed system database is a centralized one located on a cloud server, in order to allow fuel stations to communicate with it and do the required transactions.Throughout this system, different reports can be generated, which can give important online statistics about the movement of fuel supplies over the city.", "keywords": [ "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": true, "open_access_url": "http://ijeee.edu.iq/Papers/Vol12-Issue2/118286.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7142537646", "doi": "10.1016/j.trip.2026.101955", "title": "Assessing urban curbside parking for commercial vehicles: simulation and policy insights", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yujun Liu", "Syed Baqir Ul Husnain", "Logan Scott-Deeter", "Hisham Jashami", "David Hurwitz", "Andisheh Ranjbari", "Anne Goodchild", "Edward D. McCormack" ], "first_author": "Yujun Liu", "venue": "Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "As e-commerce and urban deliveries spike, there is an increasing demand for curbside loading/unloading space. However, commercial vehicle drivers face numerous challenges while navigating dense urban road networks. These challenges can lead to conflicts with other road users, congestion, illegal parking, and parking time violations. While existing research often highlights pedestrian and bicyclist safety in urban environments, far less attention has been given to the experience and perspective of the truck drivers themselves, who are central to urban goods movement. Moreover, previous research on how commercial vehicle drivers make choices about when and where to park is limited. Available data often comes from field studies where only limited situations can be observed, with no experimental controls and a lack of known drivers’ characteristics. To address this gap, this study used the Oregon State University heavy vehicle driving simulator to examine the behavior of commercial vehicle drivers in various parking and delivery situations while accounting for key variables. A fully counterbalanced, partially randomized, factorial design was chosen to explore four independent variables: number of lanes (2-lane and 4-lane roads), with/without bike lane, available/unavailable passenger vehicle parking, and commercial vehicle loading zone (none, occupied, and unoccupied CVLZ). Driver speed, eye tracking, and parking behavior were used as performance measures. Data from 33 commercial driver’s license (CDL) holders yielded 792 observations across 24 scenarios. The findings from speed, eye movement, and parking behavior support more effective curb management strategies that improve delivery efficiency while recognizing the operational problems faced by truck drivers.", "keywords": [ "Government (linguistics)", "Data collection", "Measure (data warehouse)", "Work (physics)", "Public policy" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2026.101955" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2800961033", "doi": null, "title": "FORMULATING A CHANGE STRATEGY : How to introduce a tracking system in an organization", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Vincent Castellano", "Sofia Palmborg" ], "first_author": "Vincent Castellano", "venue": "KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)", "publisher": "KTH Royal Institute of Technology", "abstract": "Carlsberg desires to increase the traceability of their goods and this can be achieved with a tracking system. Therefore, this research aimed to create a model suitable to use when formulating a change strategy to implement a new technology in an organization. This model was then applied on Carlsberg to investigate how they should introduce a tracking system in their distribution system. The research was conducted in two phases, where the first phase included to create the suitable change model and to identify the current state in Carlsberg. This was achieved by collecting data from literature, observations and interviews. In phase two the model was applied to Carlsberg and thus, the change strategy to introduce a tracking system in Carlsberg was formulated. In this phase, data collection methods were literature and interviews with stakeholders and specialized consulting agencies in change management of IT systems. The research resulted in a model based on three questions that must be answered to create a change strategy; \"What is the required change?\", \"How to build up the change process?\" and \"How will the change be measured?\" In order to transform from the current state to the desired future, Carlsberg needs to introduce a tracking system with associated informational support, in the form of a website. This introduction results in changed work tasks and new features for truck drivers, administrative staff and collaboration partners. To succeed with this change, it is crucial that the stakeholders are willing to change. Carlsberg can increase the stakeholder’s willingness by a number of activities that have been identified in this research. Risks with the introduction of the tracking system have been identified and since this is a new system, start-up problems are likely to occur. These can be minimized through testing the system with a small group of truck drivers. Also, the introduction to the entire organization should then be done in one cross-dock at the time, partly to minimize the risk but also to be able to focus the resources. During and after the tracking system has been introduced in the organization, the change process needs to be measured in order to demonstrate that the desired improvements are met. Short-term measurements aim to motivate stakeholders for further implementation efforts and long-term measurements to consolidate the change in the organization.", "keywords": [ "Traceability", "Tracking (education)", "Tracking system", "Computer science", "Process management", "Risk analysis (engineering)", "Business", "Artificial intelligence", "Software engineering", "Kalman filter", "Sociology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189426" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4402795473", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4924995", "title": "Enhancing Regional Trade Integration: Smart Infrastructure based on the Physical Internet to Boost Cross-Border Throughput", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Miguel Gastón Cedillo‐Campos", "Éric Ballot", "Daniel Covarrubias" ], "first_author": "Miguel Gastón Cedillo‐Campos", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Throughput", "The Internet", "Internet of Things", "Computer science", "Business", "Computer network", "Telecommunications", "Computer security", "World Wide Web", "Wireless" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4924995" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7131299828", "doi": "10.46254/in05.20250182", "title": "Behind the Fast Delivery: Occupational Health Risks in E-commerce Logistics functions", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-06", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Bhawana Rathore", "Rohit Gupta" ], "first_author": "Bhawana Rathore", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The exponential growth of e-commerce has intensified demand for rapid and reliable logistics, positioning warehouse loading and unloading as critical yet highly labor-intensive functions.These operations expose workers to significant occupational health risks, particularly musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), due to repetitive lifting, awkward postures, and time pressure.This study investigates the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal discomfort among warehouse workers engaged in loading and unloading tasks in Indian e-commerce facilities.Using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), data were collected from 450 workers across fulfilment centres and cross-dock sites.Findings reveal that 58.4% of workers reported musculoskeletal complaints, with the lower back, shoulders, and knees being most affected.REBA scores indicated predominantly medium to high ergonomic risks, especially during truck-dock transfers and overhead placements.The results underscore a strong association between postural risk and MSD prevalence, exacerbated during peak-season surges with untrained temporary labor.The study highlights the need for ergonomic interventions, including lift-assist technologies, standardized pallet heights, dock redesign, and purposeful task rotation.Beyond operational efficiency, integrating worker well-being into e-commerce logistics design is essential for sustainable supply chain performance.", "keywords": [ "Pallet", "Supply chain", "Occupational safety and health", "Musculoskeletal injury", "Task (project management)", "Human factors and ergonomics", "Musculoskeletal disease", "Overhead (engineering)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ieomsociety.org/proceedings/india2025/182.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4401163720", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4912357", "title": "The Min Max Multi-Trip Drone Location Arc Routing Problem", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Teresa Corberán", "Isaac Plana", "José María Sanchis" ], "first_author": "Teresa Corberán", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Arc routing", "Drone", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Arc (geometry)", "Computer science", "Computer network", "Engineering", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4912357" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7160908413", "doi": "10.1093/jcde/qwag047", "title": "A deep reinforcement learning method for container drayage transportation considering customer pairs", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chao Huang", "Yinan Cui", "Xiaoyang Zhou", "Boyang Qu", "Li Yan", "Hui Zhang" ], "first_author": "Chao Huang", "venue": "Journal of Computational Design and Engineering", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "abstract": "Abstract Container drayage transportation serves as a critical link in global supply chains, yet truck capacity constraints and the complex interplay of multi-customer requirements often compromise drayage efficiency. These factors collectively increase fuel consumption and operational costs, posing significant challenges for logistics optimization. To address these issues, this article investigates a container drayage problem with customer pairs, where each pickup node corresponds to a delivery node. The optimization aims to minimize the trucks’ total fuel consumption. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is formulated on a graph-based representation to capture the coupling between task dependencies and truck states. To reduce computational complexity, we linearize the model by introducing several auxiliary variables. Recognizing the exponential growth of solution space in large-scale scenarios, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method that integrates a Markov decision process, policy gradient optimization, and an attention mechanism. The method features a sequential decision-making system with an enhanced attention mechanism, a carefully designed cumulative reward function, and tailored training strategies. Specifically, the encoder efficiently extracts task features from depot, pickup, and delivery nodes, while the decoder optimizes feature fusion to guide task selection. Importantly, the model explicitly incorporates symmetry between customer pairs in both the encoder and decoder, thereby improving solution quality. Extensive experiments validate that the mathematical model, solved via Gurobi, obtains optimal solutions for small-scale instances within 1900 seconds, while the proposed DRL method achieves the same optimal solutions within 2700 seconds. For medium- and large-scale instances, DRL outperforms Gurobi, simulated annealing, and large neighborhood search, consistently delivering superior solutions within acceptable computation time, demonstrating strong generalization and robustness. Ablation studies further confirm the individual contributions of the encoder, decoder, and training strategy, with the full model achieving the best performance. These results underscore the potential of DRL as an effective tool for sustainable container drayage optimization.", "keywords": [ "Reinforcement learning", "Container (type theory)", "Truck", "Task (project management)", "Representation (politics)", "Node (physics)", "Feature (linguistics)", "Markov decision process", "Fuel efficiency" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwag047" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2754718341", "doi": null, "title": "A rusty sign at the end of a bloody empire Norberto Roldan's oil", "year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Lourd de Vera" ], "first_author": "Lourd de Vera", "venue": "Artlink", "publisher": null, "abstract": "As of this writing, the Philippines braces itself for a nationwide transport strike. Transport groups protest the escalating prices and call for a repeal of Republic Act 8180, notoriously known as the Oil Deregulation Law of 1996 that saw government letting the petroleum industry perform a free-jazz dance atop prices and imports/exports policies. As in the rest of the world, gasoline price is always an explosive issue in this country. To mention the words 'oil' and 'price' in the same newspaper headline is like lighting a match inside a nitroglycerine depot. The next day militant groups will flood the streets, burning effigies of President Arroyo and Uncle Sam. On the other hand, a transport strike results in thousands of stranded commuters, to which government responds by deploying police and military vehicles. The sight of civilian commuters herded onto army trucks - however indicative of government's efficiency - is absurd, if only it wasn't so chilling. But that's the kind of footage CNN would collage with clips of rush-hour traffic jams, doomsday economists, bejeweled Arabs, U.S. Air Force stealth bombers, burning oil-wells, and masked Islamic militia.", "keywords": [ "Headline", "Government (linguistics)", "Law", "Repeal", "Real estate", "Economic history", "Advertising", "History", "Economy", "Political science", "Business", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=923122903813093;res=IELHSS" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4243355779", "doi": "10.5962/bhl.title.155516", "title": "Moon's hardy trees and plants for every place and purpose, 1932 /", "year": 1932, "publication_date": "1932-01-01", "type": "book", "language": "en", "authors": [ "William H. Moon Co.", "Henry G. Gilbert Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection." ], "first_author": "William H. Moon Co.", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Packing.-No extra charge is made to cover packing costs on most items.However, on items of a bulky nature, a packing or delivery charge may be made unless such material is ordered in connection with considerable other stock.No charge is made for delivery to freight depots or express offices.Plain and explicit shipping directions should be given with every order, naming mode and route for forwarding, otherwise, we will use our own judg¬ ment.Perennials, when shipped by rail, should always travel by express; other stock may travel either by express or freight, ex¬ cepting that particularly bulky packages may not be accepted by the Express Company, and hence, must travel by freight.The Pennsylvania Railroad gives us splendid forwarding facilities and through their terminals here, have lines radiating in all direc¬ tions.The Reading gives good service to points that are best reached over its lines.For connecting roads, nearby transfer points afford prompt service in all directions. MOTOR TRUCK DELIVERYMotor truck delivery of substantial orders is usually possible without charge within a reasonable radius of our nursery.Includ¬ ed in this area is Philadelphia and suburbs and the Metropolitan area of New Jersey as well as more local points.This service can be arranged to points of greater distance such as suburban New York, Western Connecticut and Long Island, to Baltimore, Wash¬ ington, and Harrisburg.The cost of trucking depends upon the amount of the order and the length of haul.This is a matter of special arrangement. PAYMENTSCash with order, excepting to persons who satisfy us as to their financial responsibility.Satisfactory Bank or Trade References are requested of persons desiring to open an account.", "keywords": [ "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.155516" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2508365878", "doi": null, "title": "Analyse Automatische Oplaadalternatieven Automatisch Geleide Voertuigen (AGV's)", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "nl", "authors": [ "Wout Jansen" ], "first_author": "Wout Jansen", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "In dit onderzoek wordt gekeken naar de mogelijkheden om Automatisch Geleide Voertuigen (AGV’s) door middel van bepaalde oplaadmethodes volledig automatisch van energie te voorzien. Dit wordt gedaan voor het logistiek service bedrijf Rotra dat zich momenteel bevindt in Doesburg. Naast het distributiecentrum in Doesburg wil het bedrijf gebruik gaan maken van een nieuw cross-dock in de buurt van Velp. Vanuit het Intelligent Truck Application in Logistics (INTRALOG) project wordt door verschillende bedrijven en universiteiten/hoge scholen samengewerkt om in dit geval de nieuwe locatie volledig te automatiseren. Om de volledige automatisatie van de nieuwe locatie te realiseren zijn de mogelijkheden met betrekking tot het automatisch opladen van een AGV in deze thesis onderzocht. \r\n\r\nDe gevonden alternatieven zijn door middel van een multi-criteria analyse ten opzichte van elkaar gewogen om zo eindgebruiker Rotra van wel overwogen aanbevelingen te kunnen voorzien. De meeste effectieve automatische oplaad methodes die uit dit onderzoek naar voren zijn gekomen zijn de robot plug-in en de inductietrack. Deze zijn uiteindelijk aanbevolen aan Rotra.", "keywords": [ "Art", "Humanities", "Theology", "Philosophy" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://essay.utwente.nl/70535/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4297546396", "doi": "10.3390/logistics6040068", "title": "Impact of Second-Tier Container Port Facilities on Drayage Operation", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-09-27", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Samaneh Shiri", "Nathan N. Huynh", "Daniel Smith", "Frank Harder" ], "first_author": "Samaneh Shiri", "venue": "Logistics", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Background: An increasing number of container and chassis staging, “dray-off”, drop yard, and depot facilities are being established outside of North American marine container terminals. The increased use of these “second-tier” facilities implies that there must be some capacity, delivery time, service, or reliability benefit that offset the additional cost and complexity. Methods: This paper builds on the previously developed integrated drayage scheduling model to determine the impact of second-tier port facilities on drayage operation. It modifies the previously developed model by incorporating the following features: (1) trucks do not have to wait at customers’ locations during the import unloading and export loading operations; (2) drayage operations can include a drop yard (i.e., second-tier facility) for picking up or/and dropping off loaded containers outside the marine container terminal; and (3) a customer is allowed to request any of the following jobs: pick up an empty container, pick up a loaded container, drop off an empty container, and drop off a loaded container. Results: The results indicated that by moving the location of import pickup and export delivery from inside the marine container terminal to a location outside the terminal, the efficiency of drayage operation could increase. Additionally, when import pickup and export delivery take place inside the marine container terminal, the most efficient location for the chassis yard and empty container depot is inside the terminal. However, when the location of import pickup and/or export delivery are outside the terminal, the most efficient location for the chassis yard and empty container depot is also outside the terminal. Conclusions: The modeling results suggest that in addition to adding reserved capacity for marine terminals or as buffers to reconcile the preferred delivery times of importers, the second-tier facilities could also yield operational savings. However, the potential drayage efficiencies depend heavily on shorter queuing and turn time at these less-complex facilities compared to marine container terminals. Lastly, the modeling results suggest that the observed evolution of North American marine container terminals from self-contained entities into multi-tier systems is likely to continue to add additional capacities to accommodate container trade growth. This finding has important implications for regions and communities concerned over the impact of growing container ports.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Yard", "Chassis", "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Truck", "Port (circuit theory)", "Pickup", "Containerization", "Trailer", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6290/6/4/68/pdf?version=1664347624" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2933893948", "doi": null, "title": "Optimization Models for Inland Haulage Transportation of Containers", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-12-18", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hajem Ati Daham" ], "first_author": "Hajem Ati Daham", "venue": "Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)", "publisher": "University of Essex", "abstract": "In container intermodal transportation, a significant portion of the total cost arises from the inland transportation of containers. There are many parties (shipping lines, haulage companies, customers) sharing this operation as well as many restrictions that increase the complexity of this problem and make it NP-hard. Shipping lines and haulage companies tend to apply efficient optimization techniques to manage this process in away to reduce the overall cost and to ensure that customers are satisfied. In this thesis, we focus on container inland transportation from the perspective of delivering 20ft and/or 40ft containers on a heterogenous fleet of trucks, between a single port and a list of customer locations and inland depots. We investigate three types of inland transportation problems: Homogenous Container Sizes, Heterogenous Container Sizes and Stripe and Discharge of Containers. \\nEach of the above problems has its own complexity but all have been classified as NP-hard problems. For this reason we will study these problems separately and the main contributions are describing, modelling, solving and analysing of the: \\n• Homogenous ContainerSizes: an efficient assignment Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is formulated which solves large scale instances in a reasonable solution time and can be implemented on variants of the container drayage problem. \\n• Heterogenous Container Sizes: a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model for combining 20ft and 40ft, Stripe orders is designed, which solves more efficiently than its previous analog. For realistic instances, a decomposition and aggregation heuristic is designed and tested to be cost saving. \\n• Strip and Discharge of Containers: a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach is designed and tested for solving large scale problems within a quick computational time and the result shows that combining the Strip and Discharge types with the usage of inland empty depots is cost and fleet saving.", "keywords": [ "Haulage", "Container (type theory)", "Truck", "Heuristic", "Integer programming", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Dimension (graph theory)", "Mathematical optimization", "Linear programming", "Port (circuit theory)", "Process (computing)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://repository.essex.ac.uk/24113/1/Thesis-Hajem%20Daham.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3148247277", "doi": null, "title": "REGULAR TOWN BOARD MEETING", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Lakewood Administrative Office", "Josh Riebe", "Roger Enderby", "Rose Mary Enderby", "Loren Nelson", "J. WISNESKI", "Terrance A. Johnson" ], "first_author": "Lakewood Administrative Office", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "122012; DECEMBER Voucher # 1257 to #1325 $ 35,118.15 PRE-PAID –Nov Dec, voucher # 1235 to #1256 $ 155,437.62 DECEMBER – TOTAL $ 190,555.77 Motion to approve bills made by Councilman Riley, second by Councilman Larsen. Discussion: None Motion unanimously approved. 6) MUNICIPAL AID EXTENTION AGREEMENT: Motion to approve Municipal Aid Extension Agreement for sharing of Highway Equipment and Labor Services, which contract provided for an initial term of 5 years between the Town of Geneva and the County of Ontario this extension is for an additional 5 year term. Motion made by Councilman Larsen, second by Councilman Riley. Discussion: None Motion unanimously approved. 7) MUNICIPAL AGREEMENT FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT SERVICES: Motion to approve Inter Municipal Agreement for Law Enforcement Services between the Town of Geneva and the County of Ontario. The agreement calls for 19 hours per week at a cost of $29,551.00. Discussion: None NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, Councilman Larsen motioned that the following resolution be adopted; which was then seconded by Councilman Riley. The Supervisor called the roll of the Town Board, which was done by the following results: VOTE: Aye Nay Supervisor Mary E. Luckern X Councilman Patrick Malcuria X Councilman Richard Larsen X Councilman Pat Riley X Councilman George Smith X Motion carried Dated: January 8, 2013 ______________________________ Lorrie S. Naegele, Town Clerk 8) SUPERVISORS REPORT: Motion to accept and approve made by Councilman Larsen, second by Councilman Smith. Discussion: DEC Avon NY: November 15th the Supervisor, Councilman Larsen and Bob Rose retired from the City of Geneva Treatment Plant went over to DEC in Avon and met with the Director of Region 8 and their Geologist and they reviewed the chemical analysis of the runoff of the Ontario County Landfill and found that the readings were all under the legal limits. Councilman Larsen is looking into the creek by Ryland Road behind the Landfill in the spring they will dye the creek to see what direction it runs and if it is running into Seneca Lake or not. Storm Sandy Debris: Supervisor Luckern read from a email from John Garvey to Larry Shilling from Casella about the truck traffic to the Landfill: Larry, In yesterday's Finger Lakes Times, it was reported that the alternate route for traffic from the Seneca Army Depot would bypass the City of Geneva but would proceed through the Town of Geneva and other towns in route to the landfill in flint. This morning I spoke with Supervisor Luckern from the Town of Geneva and she expressed objections to the route in the strongest possible terms. She feels that additional truck traffic on residential streets is inappropriate. She feels this traffic should be on truck routes through commercial districts on state highways. I would advise that you speak with Supervisor Luckern to get her input prior to determining any routes. Supervisor Luckern stated that she received a call on Monday morning at 9:00 am from Larry Shilling, Western Region Vice President of Casella Waste Systems and she was told when they go to make a decision their would be a meeting and it would be discussed. The Supervisor said she was out numbered they have three City Supervisors, Supervisor Ninestine whom wants to bring the debris in right away. Supervisor Evangelista wants it but doesn't want it to go through the City and she is not sure how the new Supervisor Dominick Vedora feels. Truck traffic: Supervisor Luckern and all the Town Board all oppose the truck traffic on town roads. Councilman Larsen said, I'm opposed because they are talking about 75 trucks a day and running them down County Road 6 and County Road 4 that will really effect the residents and these roads were not built for truck traffic.", "keywords": [ "George (robot)", "Voucher", "Law", "Political science", "History", "Business", "Art history" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.lakewoodwisconsin.org/i/f/files/20111010%20TB%20Meeting%20Minutes.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7115684972", "doi": "10.82227/repository.uwtsd.ac.uk.00004043", "title": "The Feasibility of Adopting A Hydrogen Powered Fleet of Vehicles", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Asowata, Efehi Davidson" ], "first_author": "Asowata, Efehi Davidson", "venue": "University Of Wales Trinity Saint David Research Repository (University of Wales Trinity Saint David)", "publisher": "University of Wales Trinity Saint David", "abstract": "This study assessed whether a UK depot could convert a 20-truck, back to base fleet from diesel to hydrogen while meeting strict service, safety, reliability, cost, and emissions thresholds. The duty was fixed at 6,000 miles per day across two return peaks. Using published energy rates, daily hydrogen need was sized at 882 kg for typical days and 1,206 kg for stress duty; a 20% buffer for heat, clustering, and timing drift raised these to 1,058 kg and 1,447 kg. SAE J2601 limits, a two-wave queue model, and evidence on pre-cooling bottlenecks guided dispenser count, storage, and chiller sizing. Availability targets used predictive health monitoring to reach at least 97% during operating windows. Layout checks followed recognised siting rules. Three supply routes were tested: onsite PEM electrolysis, buy-in compressed or liquid hydrogen, and a hybrid with onsite baseload plus delivered peaks. Onsite gave strong control over purity and timing but exposed cost to power price and stack ageing. Buy-in lowered capital but imported delivery and price risk and still required robust station conditioning. The hybrid right-sized onsite production to about 60–70% of a hot-day load and used contracted deliveries to cover peaks and outages. The hybrid met wait targets (mean ≤10 minutes; P95 ≤20 minutes) more reliably at the study depot and sat mid-range on cost, while emissions results depended on the supply pathway and verified certificates. The study therefore recommended a hybrid baseline with firm clean-power contracts, supplier redundancy, multi-bank storage, strong pre-cooling, inline impurity monitoring, and simple queue controls throughout.", "keywords": [ "Baseline (sea)", "Operating cost", "Capital cost", "Queue", "Diesel fuel", "Stack (abstract data type)", "Base load power plant", "Power station" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/id/eprint/4043/1/Asowata_ED_MSc_Thesis.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163576239", "doi": "10.2478/logi-2026-0006", "title": "An Analysis on Shared Charging Hubs for Eco-Friendly Vehicles in Urban Logistics", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "A. Comi", "I. Idone", "E. Marcucci", "V. Gatta", "R. Erriu", "B.S. Balla", "Giuseppe Napoli", "Salvatore Micari", "M. Di Gangi", "Alessia Donato", "Orlando Marco Belcore", "A. Polimeni" ], "first_author": "A. Comi", "venue": "Logi", "publisher": "De Gruyter Open", "abstract": "Abstract Using electric vehicles in urban freight distribution generates opportunities (e.g., zero emissions in urban areas) and challenges (e.g., range of electric vehicles). Their adoption implies that operators need to change the approach to freight distribution. As an example, the reduced range of an electric vehicle substantially reduces the kilometers traveled before a recharging stop. This implies a redefinition of routes, fleet size, personnel, and vehicle charging management. This research investigates the changes that operators must make when using shared charging hubs. Given the interest of logistic companies in reducing both their fixed and operating costs, the use of shared recharging hubs for electric vans and trucks constitutes a relevant applied research theme. This paper explores the pre-feasibility of some possible concrete scenarios. In more detail, the investigated scenarios involve charging hubs located in three different settings: at the depot, based on client distribution, and scattered across the area. The aim is to assess the performance of each scenario under the assumption that the position of the charging hub reflects the choices of operators on the usage of electric freight vehicles. The indicators considered for comparison are the delivery service time, the charging time and the number of routes.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Position (finance)", "Range (aeronautics)", "City logistics", "Service (business)", "Electric vehicle", "Distribution (mathematics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2478/logi-2026-0006" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4224294991", "doi": "10.1093/ije/dyac075", "title": "Cohort Profile: The Urmia Lake Cohort Study (ULCS)", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-04-14", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Javad Aghazadeh-Attari", "Hossein Poustchi", "Davoud Vahabzadeh", "Ramin Shakeri", "Rasool Entezar Mahdi", "Habibollah Pirnejad", "Sareh Eghtesad", "Zahra Mohammadi", "Maryam Sharafkhah", "Amaneh Shayanrad", "Neda Valizadeh", "Mohammadreza Pashaei", "Nilsa Dourandish", "Maryam Majidinia", "Marjan Kouhnavard", "Jamal Ahmadzadeh", "Ali Sadaghyanifar", "Iraj Mohebbi" ], "first_author": "Javad Aghazadeh-Attari", "venue": "International Journal of Epidemiology", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "abstract": "This cohort was established to determine the incidence and burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a sub-rural area of Urmia and to provide a platform for future studies in identifying risk factors associated with prevalent NCDs. The Urmia Lake Cohort Study (ULCS) is the first large-scale prospective cohort in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran. The cohort aimed to include all individuals aged 35–70 years residing within the areas of Qushchi and surrounding villages, with a 15-year follow-up period. The categories of data collected were sociodemographic, medical, nutritional, laboratory and anthropometric. This cohort was supported by the Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, and data can be accessed through formal request via the cohort website [www.persiancohort.com]. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing in Iran. Based on previous studies, the four main NCDs—cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory disorders, cancers and diabetes—are responsible for 81.0% of premature deaths in Iran.1,2 The prevalence of NCDs in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran has not yet been reported through reliable sources. Cohort studies provide reliable evidence for determining the prevalence of NCDs, their aetiology as well as contributing risk factors.3–5 Therefore, the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), a nationwide cohort study, was launched in 2014 in an attempt to identify risk factors associated with the most prevalent chronic diseases in different provinces of Iran, and to encourage researchers in different fields such as medicine, epidemiology, health and nutrition to be more involved in large-scale, longitudinal studies. The PERSIAN Cohort not only tries to improve the health status of Iranians but also to help advance global knowledge in medicine and health.6–8 The Urmia Lake Cohort Study (ULCS), as one of the PERSIAN cohort centres, started enrolment in February 2017 in Qushchi, West Azerbaijan. This region is unique because of its close proximity to the Urmia Lake, one of the largest salt lakes in the world—which has been drying over the past decades.9,10 Because of the lake’s rapidly declining water level, it has been regarded as a potential source of pollution in the future. Dry wetlands are the source of dust storms in different areas of the world. Salt storms increase the risk of irreversible ecosystem modifications, diminish fertility in the nearby agricultural lands and produce biotoxicity and chronic health issues.11,12 Numerous scientific studies have documented multiple adverse health outcomes following dust storms in dry wetlands, including upper respiratory discomforts such as runny and stuffy nose, sinusitis, sore throat, wet cough, head cold, hay fever and burning red eyes.11,13,14 Lower respiratory tract problems, including wheezing, dry cough, phlegm, shortness of breath and chest pains, have also been reported.13,15,16 Moreover, increased particulate matter concentrations have been linked with decreased lung function. Asthma in children, as well as aggravation of past diseases in adults and children, are also well associated with particulate matter concentrations.14,15,17 The primary objective of ULCS is to determine the incidence and burden of NCDs in this sub-rural area of Urmia and also to provide a platform for future studies in order to assess the relationship between risk and protective factors associated with identified NCDs, as well as genetic studies in the different populations around the Urmia Lake. In this study, 5159 participants were enrolled from 8 February 2017 to 21 September 2018. The follow-up phase began immediately after enrolment, so 3 years of follow-up have passed successfully. The West Azerbaijan province comprises different native ethnicities and religious groups, including Azeris, Kurds and Armenians, with unique cultural practices and lifestyles. This province is located in a mountainous region. The central target region for ULCS is a rural region known as Qushchi, and its surrounding villages, with geographical coordinates of 37°59'16” N and 45°3'52” E in DMS (Degrees Minutes Seconds) or 37.9 and 45.0 (in decimal degrees). Qushchi is located 75 km south of Salmas and 45 km north of Urmia, the capital of West Azerbaijan province. ULCS encompasses a 5-km ribbon around the lake's border (Figure 1), and has a total area of 1686 km2. The population of Qushchi and its surrounding villages is about 43 000 individuals, of whom all men and women meeting the eligibility criteria (explained below) were invited to participate in the study. Most Qushchi residents engage in farming, animal husbandry and truck driving. Location of the cohort in Urmia County, West Azerbaijan. Qushchi and its surrounding villages border the Urmia Saline Lake (indicated on map as the red region) Eligibility criteria for ULCS enrolment included age 35–70 years and residing in the designated area around Qushchi for at least 9 months prior to enrolment. Migrants with intermittent residency, who had Iranian nationality based on valid documentation, were also included. Individuals not willing to participate in the study or those unable to communicate effectively because of disabilities were excluded from the study. Of the total population (43 000), 6100 individuals met the eligibility criteria and were all invited by cohort personnel to participate in th eULCS. Of these individuals, 5159 men and women responded to the invitations and participated in the study. Follow-up is both active and passive. In active follow-up, participants are contacted by telephone each year after enrolment. They are asked questions about any hospitalization and the incidence or diagnosis of new diseases; this information is recorded in a database. In the case of a chronic illness, an outcome review form is completed. For certain outcomes of interest, including cancers, a blood sample is also taken fr", "keywords": [ "Research center", "Biomedical sciences", "Medicine", "Cohort", "Cohort study", "Library science", "MEDLINE", "Family medicine", "Medical education", "Political science", "Internal medicine", "Pathology" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-pdf/51/6/e384/47881993/dyac075.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1562227736", "doi": null, "title": "Environmental and Energy Benefits of Freight Delivery Consolidation in Urban Area", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jane Lin", "Qin Chen", "Kazuya Kawamura" ], "first_author": "Jane Lin", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Among new, innovative city logistics strategies, delivery cooperation has received increasing academic and practical attention mostly in Europe and Japan. The idea is to establish cooperation among the suppliers, carriers and the customers through Urban Consolidation Center (UCC), a public facility usually located at the city boundary; with proper consolidation of loads and routing, the goods are then sent to the customers in the urban area with cleaner vehicles and less vehicle miles traveled (VMT). In this study, the authors investigated the feasibility of UCC in an urban setting at the tactical level with respect to total logistics cost and environmental impact. In other words, whether UCC could reduce the logistics cost which involves the monetary costs for activities from production to consumption, while maintaining acceptable level of energy consumption and vehicular emissions. It is found that under certain conditions, UCC may become a favorable last-mile urban delivery solution to the current one without a UCC. Especially the benefits of UCC strategies become significant when the customer rent cost is high and UCC terminal operation cost is low. UCC becomes more beneficial as the economic scale is greater (i.e., higher numbers of customers and suppliers). In addition, public subsidy for UCC terminals would make urban cooperative delivery more competitive, resulting in lower truck VMT and emissions in the urban area.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Business", "Consolidation (business)", "Transport engineering", "Subsidy", "Energy consumption", "Last mile (transportation)", "Environmental economics", "Operations management", "Finance", "Engineering", "Mile" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/26167/dot_26167_DS1.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204444806", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-68348-2", "title": "A hybrid adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm for two-echelon electric vehicle routing problem", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Dian Huang", "Hugang Wang", "Wenlei Wang", "Li Zhang" ], "first_author": "Dian Huang", "venue": "Scientific Reports", "publisher": "Nature Portfolio", "abstract": "The efficient management of urban logistics is important for smart production and service systems, requiring coordinated optimization and planning for sustainable and responsive operations. This study investigates a two-echelon electric vehicle routing problem with time windows (2E-EVRPTW), an important optimization problem in urban delivery networks. The problem involves using fuel-powered trucks for the first-echelon transport from a warehouse to satellites and electric vehicles (EVs) with limited range and charging needs for the second-echelon, time-sensitive last-mile delivery. To tackle this NP-hard problem, we first formulate it as a mixed-integer linear programming (MIP) model. We then propose a hybrid heuristic algorithm, CL-ALNS, which integrates clustering and adaptive metaheuristic search. Specifically, CL-ALNS combines K-means clustering for strategic facility allocation in the first echelon with an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) to support routing and charging scheduling in the second echelon. This algorithm is designed to reduce total cost while obtaining efficient, high-quality solutions. Computational experiments and benchmarks against a commercial solver and heuristic baselines show that our CL-ALNS framework obtains competitive results under the tested settings. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis examines how key operational parameters influence the system, providing valuable insights for managers of smart logistics services.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Electric vehicle", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Hybrid algorithm (constraint satisfaction)", "Search algorithm", "Genetic algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-68348-2_reference.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2999553867", "doi": "10.53555/eijse.v5i4.25", "title": "BRASILIA METROPOLITAN REGION: EV MOBILITY: OPORTUNITIES AND TRHEATS.", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-12-27", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alessandro Aveni" ], "first_author": "Alessandro Aveni", "venue": "EPH - International Journal of Science And Engineering", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The field research of this paper was developed at the end of 2018 to survey EV mobility. Qualitative trends were based on indicators developed by consulting firm research reports, quantitative figures were developed using fuel cost values of 4,5 R$/liter. The analysis was divided in three steps: a) evidence of public planning, b) evidence of industry and industry 4.0 systems, and c) evidence of market. Main results of the research are: a) no electric mobility planning was found form institutional evidences. No planning for Smart City initiative in Brasilia, b) no evidence of electric systems and innovation are developed or planned (i.e Industry 4.0 automated drive systems). c) opportunities in market found are: main metropolitan area is worth some three million inhabitants, almost seven including surrounding metropolitan areas with millions vehicles to be converted to ev, public transportation and urban delivery most interesting niches of market; threats: no fiscal incentives and infrastructure of electric posts able to sustain car supply, no offer for electric/hybrid cars and conversion kits. This part of an external strategic analysis give the orientation to develop urban transportation vehicles and buses (public transportation) taxi, buses, vans, light trucks and motorcycles ,used for delivery, offers. These are interesting segments mostly because of increasing operational cost mainly due to gasoline costs.", "keywords": [ "Metropolitan area", "Truck", "Incentive", "Business", "Public transport", "Transport engineering", "Niche market", "Environmental economics", "Marketing", "Engineering", "Geography", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://ephijse.com/index.php/SE/article/download/25/25" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4403768956", "doi": "10.5592/co/cetra.2024.1714", "title": "Simulating the processes of goods delivering by cargo bicycles", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-05-17", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hanna Vasiutina", "Vitalii Naumov" ], "first_author": "Hanna Vasiutina", "venue": "Road and rail infrastructure", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Cargo bikes offer an attractive solution for eco-friendly deliveries in modern cities. By replacing conventional trucks, they can significantly reduce traffic congestion and reclaim public space. This translates to cleaner air, less noise pollution, and an overall improved quality of life for city residents. However, the benefits of cargo bikes may not be readily apparent to decision-makers who rely on traditional transportation methods. This paper proposes a novel, data-driven methodology to evaluate the clear advantages of cargo bike deliveries. We present a computer simulation model that assesses the effectiveness of cargo bikes compared to standard delivery practices. The model incorporates key factors such as a city’s existing road network, the geographical distribution of delivery demands, and the operational capabilities of cargo bikes. To demonstrate the model’s utility, we present a real-world case study simulating cargo deliveries within Dubrovnik’s historic Old Town district. This Python-based model can be a powerful tool for decision-makers, allowing them to optimize cargo bike operations. Applications include identifying ideal locations for loading points and determining the optimal number of cargo bikes required for efficient deliveries within a specific urban environment. This approach provides a clear picture of the positive impact cargo bikes can have on urban deliveries, empowering decision-makers with the information they need to implement sustainable and efficient transportation solutions for their cities.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2024.1714" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7164007558", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2606.09455", "title": "Tuning Dispatch Thresholds for Fixed Last-Mile Routes: A Simulation-Based Pareto Analysis of a Production Policy", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-08", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "A. A. Ponomarenko", "Ilya Antonov" ], "first_author": "A. A. Ponomarenko", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Many parcel networks dispatch vehicles on \\emph{fixed routes} using a simple load-accumulation rule: a truck leaves the depot for a fixed route as soon as the volume (or item count) waiting for that route crosses a threshold. The threshold is usually parameterised as an affine function of route length, $τ_r=β+γ\\,d_r$, and the pair $(β,γ)$ is chosen once and frozen into production. This paper studies how good that frozen choice actually is, treating the question as a data-intensive, data-driven decision-making problem over a full month of real operational flow. Using a discrete-event simulator that replays the recorded arrival stream and reconstructs every trip, we sweep the $(β,γ)$ design space, evaluate the two competing objectives -- company operating cost and average parcel lead time -- and recover the Pareto frontier of efficient policies for two deployed variants (volume-triggered and item-count-triggered). The two policies turn out to be in strikingly different states of tune. The volume-threshold configuration lies on its own Pareto frontier: the simulator finds no $(β,γ)$ pair that strictly dominates it, so the deployed policy is \\emph{already Pareto-efficient} -- an unusual positive audit result. The item-count configuration is the opposite: it is dominated by a concrete simulated configuration that is both faster and cheaper, and the available cost saving at equal lead time is about \\num{5.0}\\,\\pct{}. We trace the item-count policy's inefficiency to a base that is too large and a length coefficient that is too small for the deployed truck capacity, and show that a \\emph{steeper} threshold -- lower base, higher slope -- is preferable. Because the remedy is a two-scalar reconfiguration, the analysis converts directly into an actionable, zero-capital recurring saving.", "keywords": [ "Inefficiency", "Pareto principle", "Truck", "Function (biology)", "TRACE (psycholinguistics)", "Queue", "Production (economics)", "Pareto analysis", "Simple (philosophy)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.09455" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7167789766", "doi": "10.1088/1755-1315/1648/1/012005", "title": "Smart Waste Infrastructure Retrofitting for Sustainable and Resilient Cities: A Triple Bottom Line Analysis of Collection Technologies in High-Income Cities", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Sidqy Yusuf Suyuti Purboyo", "Putri Fakhirah Ramadhani", "Siti Fauziyah Rahmi", "Emerensia Andrea Berna" ], "first_author": "Sidqy Yusuf Suyuti Purboyo", "venue": "IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science", "publisher": "IOP Publishing", "abstract": "Abstract As cities face increasing pressure to improve sustainability performance while responding to rapid urbanisation, retrofitting existing infrastructure has become an important strategy for reducing environmental impacts without requiring full urban reconstruction. Waste collection systems in high-income cities are often constrained by ageing infrastructure, limited space, service inefficiencies, and uneven access across building types. In this context, technology-enabled retrofit solutions offer potential pathways toward smarter and more sustainable urban service delivery. This study evaluates two waste collection retrofit options, namely smart bins and pneumatic waste collection systems, against the conventional door-to-door collection approach. The assessment applies the Triple Bottom Line framework to compare environmental, economic, and social performance using indicators such as greenhouse gas emissions, air pollutant emissions, recycling rate improvement, annual operating cost, payback period, retrofit convenience, and job impacts. The findings indicate that smart bins perform most favourably overall, particularly due to their lower environmental burden, improved operational efficiency, shorter payback period, and potential to enhance recycling outcomes. Pneumatic waste collection systems offer long-term benefits in dense urban environments, including reduced truck movement, improved hygiene, and urban amenity, but their application in retrofit contexts remains constrained by high capital costs, infrastructure complexity, and electricity-related emissions. The paper argues that smart bins represent a practical short- to medium-term strategy for high-income cities, while pneumatic systems may become more viable in the future as cities transition toward lower-carbon electricity and more integrated infrastructure planning. By linking waste system retrofitting with smart urban governance, data-driven service delivery, and sustainable urban transformation, this study contributes to broader smart city discussions on resilient and resource-efficient urban development.", "keywords": [ "Retrofitting", "Sustainability", "Service (business)", "Smart city", "Payback period", "Greenhouse gas", "Sustainable development", "Waste collection" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1648/1/012005/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4405656817", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-64769-7_17", "title": "Intelligent Transportation System Solutions in Disadvantaged Communities", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Matthew Barth", "Kanok Boriboonsomsin", "Guoyuan Wu", "Peng Hao" ], "first_author": "Matthew Barth", "venue": "Springer tracts on transportation and traffic", "publisher": "Springer International Publishing", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Disadvantaged", "Intelligent transportation system", "Geography", "Computer science", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Economic growth", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64769-7_17" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2992873971", "doi": null, "title": "AFA in action... NEWSandVIEWS", "year": 1992, "publication_date": "1992-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chuck Saffell" ], "first_author": "Chuck Saffell", "venue": "AFA Watchbird", "publisher": "American Federation of Aviculture", "abstract": "Hurricane Andrew Relief Update A Big THANK YOU! by Chuck Saffell, First Vice-President Palmetto, Florida As part of the Hurricane Andrew avian relief effort, between September 3rd and October 17th, the following supplies were collected at the Palmetto, Florida warehouse and trucked to the AFA-SOFAR warehouse which is located three blocks from the Miami International Airport: 32,000 lbs. seed and pellets, 250 lbs. millet, 300 lbs. Avi-cake, 200 lbs. hand feeding formula, 40 lbs. vitamins and minerals, 170 lbs. veterinarian supplies, 10 lbs. Lactobacillus, 50 lbs. peanuts, 50 lbs. Honeytreat, 100 lbs. Crazycorn, 700 lbs. Zoopreem, 80 lbs. clips, 30 lbs. wire cutters, pliers, J clip and other tools, 50 each syringes, 600 feet shade cloth, 2,000 feet cage wire, 80 each premanufactured cages, 40 each stainless steel food bowls, 3 boxes bird toys and dishes, 200 each cage door latches, 1 each very large bird net with extension handle, 12,000 each flashlight batteries, 6 cases juice drinks for the workers. Between September 2nd and October 31st, 700 manhours were donated at the Miami warehouse by AFA-SOFAR club members. Sixty-eight trips were made out of the warehouse by truck or van and on these trips 220 deliveries were made. An additional 30 trips were made from the warehouse to West Palm Beach, Lantana and Ft. Lauderdale to pick up donated supplies from other depots. On the first day that the SOFAR warehouse was opened, the following load went out to drop-off points where people could pick up supplies: 2,000 lbs. parrot mix, 1,000 lbs. canary, 1,000 lbs. finch, 2 boxes of com and 500 lbs. hookbill mix. On the Hurricane Andrew Relief Update A Big THANK YOU! by Chuck Saffell, First Vice-President Palmetto, Florida As part of the Hurricane Andrew avian relief effort, between September 3rd and October 17th, the following supplies were collected at the Palmetto, Florida warehouse and trucked to the AFA-SOFAR warehouse which is located three blocks from the Miami International Airport: 32,000 lbs. seed and pellets, 250 lbs. millet, 300 lbs. Avi-cake, 200 lbs. hand feeding formula, 40 lbs. vitamins and minerals, 170 lbs. veterinarian supplies, 10 lbs. Lactobacillus, 50 lbs. peanuts, 50 lbs. Honeytreat, 100 lbs. Crazycorn, 700 lbs. Zoopreem, 80 lbs. clips, 30 lbs. wire cutters, pliers, J clip and other tools, 50 each syringes, 600 feet shade cloth, 2,000 feet cage wire, 80 each premanufactured cages, 40 each stainless steel food bowls, 3 boxes bird toys and dishes, 200 each cage door latches, 1 each very large bird net with extension handle, 12,000 each flashlight batteries, 6 cases juice drinks for the workers. Between September 2nd and October 31st, 700 manhours were donated at the Miami warehouse by AFA-SOFAR club members. Sixty-eight trips were made out of the warehouse by truck or van and on these trips 220 deliveries were made. An additional 30 trips were made from the warehouse to West Palm Beach, Lantana and Ft. Lauderdale to pick up donated supplies from other depots. On the first day that the SOFAR warehouse was opened, the following load went out to drop-off points where people could pick up supplies: 2,000 lbs. parrot mix, 1,000 lbs. canary, 1,000 lbs.", "keywords": [ "Warehouse", "Ephemera", "Apartment", "Geography", "TRIPS architecture", "Truck", "Operations management", "Agricultural science", "Engineering", "Transport engineering", "Archaeology", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journals.tdl.org/watchbird/index.php/watchbird/article/view/623" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204481209", "doi": "10.64960/easr.2026.265202", "title": "Fuzzy multimodal vehicle routing for last-mile flood relief: A scenario-based model for Chiang Mai", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-27", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Kanyarat Phutthanawong", "Takashi Irohara", "Israt Jahan Hridi", "Chawis Boonmee" ], "first_author": "Kanyarat Phutthanawong", "venue": "Engineering and Applied Science Research", "publisher": "Khon Kaen University", "abstract": "This research addresses the logistical challenges of last-mile relief delivery during flood disasters in Chiang Mai, Thailand. We propose a scenario-based fuzzy multi-depot, multi-trip vehicle routing problem model with split deliveries and integrated multimodal accessibility across varying flood severity levels. The model incorporates fuzzy logic to handle uncertainty by transforming it into an equivalent auxiliary crisp model through triangular membership functions. The objective function aims to minimize total transportation time across five flood scenarios. Results demonstrate that community accessibility requirements vary significantly with flood severity: low water levels can be served entirely by trucks, while severe flooding necessitates intensive boat operations, significantly increasing response times and trip frequencies. Sensitivity analysis reveals that strategic boat-drone collaboration in Scenario 4 can reduce the number of trips by 2 and travel time by up to 3.7%, while significantly simplifying boat routing complexity. The study provides actionable insights for disaster management agencies, emphasizing the critical role of scenario-based planning, multimodal fleet deployment, and robust decision-making under uncertainty.", "keywords": [ "Flood myth", "Fuzzy logic", "Flooding (psychology)", "Chiang mai", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "TRIPS architecture", "Vehicle routing problem", "Sensitivity (control systems)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easr/article/download/265202/176337" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4255379564", "doi": "10.5962/bhl.title.65734", "title": "F.W. Bolgiano & Co. seeds implements : 1910", "year": 1910, "publication_date": "1910-01-01", "type": "book", "language": "en", "authors": [ "F.W. Bolgiano & Co.", "Henry G. Gilbert Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection." ], "first_author": "F.W. Bolgiano & Co.", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "EsSs ENERS ~S 'Twenty years have passed since Mr. Bolgiano started the seed business in Washington.In that time he has won the confidence and respect of the best Market Gardeners and Farmers.'The business, as very many know, was started from a small beginning, with comparatively no capital, until now it is recognized the largest of its kind in Washington, D. C. It has not been by chance or by any particular favors, but by the motto of giving value in everything.While our trade originally only took in the vicinity of Washington, it has spread until now we extend over a large part of this country.Mr.Bolgiano extends to all the best facilities of his place, and trusts that his friends will place their orders early to avoid the rush.Not by chance, not by luck, but by honest, untiring efforts.Our time and attention is given to growing the choicest and most desirable Seeds.We carefully select all the highest grade stocks, and eliminate those which our test prove would be unprofitable for the trucker or gardener to grow.We never recommend any article unless we feel certain, by actual test, it possesses merits superior to that which the trucker already has.We watch for improvement in character, shape, form, color, attractiveness and best selling qualities.he improvements we quickly note and encourage. Remember, as you read through thisCatalogue, what we say about each article has been gathered from our actual experience, together with the experience of the most up-to-date and successful practical market gardeners and truckers in every part of the world.FREE BY MAIL.-We deliver by mail all seeds in packets, ounces, and 1% pounds at Catalogue prices.Eight cents per pound must be added for half-pounds and pounds of Seed.On Peas and Beans add 15 cents per quart; on Corn, 10 cents per quart.ORDER NOW.-Get your order in early-there are going to be a great many shortages this season.SPECIAL.-If to go by express add 8 cents per pound in small lots.COTTON BAGS contain Seed, Peas, or Beans, at 20 cents each.IMPORTANT.-Most important of all is your name and address; if to go by freight or boat give depot or landing.Complaints made that seeds are not good should quite often be attributed to other causes as to the quality of the Se Packet, 5c; ounce, 15¢; %4 lb., 4oc; Ib., $1.25.", "keywords": [ "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/itempdf/132781" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2799397938", "doi": "10.1093/hgs/dcy020", "title": "Witnessing the Robbing of the Jews: A Photographic Album, Paris, 1940-1944Sarah GensburgerGeographies of the HolocaustEdited by Anne Kelley Knowles, Tim Cole, andAlberto Giordano", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-01-01", "type": "book-review", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Oren Baruch Stier" ], "first_author": "Oren Baruch Stier", "venue": "Holocaust and Genocide Studies", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "abstract": "In 2009, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) published the first volume of a planned seven-volume encyclopedia of camps and ghettos meant to document all sites of Nazi incarceration. More than 42,000 were identified, far more than the researchers had first estimated. The two books under review relate in significant ways to that sobering statistic. Sarah Gensburger’s meticulous presentation of a photographic album containing eighty-five originally uncaptioned images, discovered in the Federal Archives in Koblenz, takes a found object that is in some respects similar to the famous Auschwitz Album, and carefully dissects it. It is not known who took the pictures, though it appears they were collected, and perhaps produced, by Germans stationed in Paris and associated with the work depicted. Organized taxonomically by staff at the Munich Central Collecting Point, one of several depots created by the Allies to temporarily house looted objects and artworks they discovered at the end of World War II with the purpose of aiding in postwar restitution, the Koblenz album proceeds thematically from an introductory section depicting scenes in Paris, to views of the loading and unloading of trucks and then trains, to images of crates, and then to groups of looted objects themselves: garments, toys, tools, kitchenware, lamps, radios, clocks, furniture, and pianos.", "keywords": [ "Nazism", "Art history", "Visual arts", "Object (grammar)", "Presentation (obstetrics)", "Piano", "Art", "History", "German", "Archaeology", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcy020" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W292989277", "doi": "10.21236/ada475100", "title": "Land Combat Systems Industry", "year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-01-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yousef Al Sheybah", "Robert T. Atkins", "Jean Beal", "Michael R. Caputo", "William Cole", "Mohammad Farghal", "Ron Foskey", "John D. Gilmour", "Robert H. Glover", "David Hall" ], "first_author": "Yousef Al Sheybah", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The seminar surveyed the state of the U.S. Land Combat System industry. The study found that the current LCS industry has responded well to the demands of wartime production. Funding fluctuations, Berry Amendment requirements, and long lead times contributed to delays in some procurements, leading the study to make recommendations for improvements to wartime acquisition processes. In the near future, the demand for tactical wheeled vehicles will increase because the Iraq conflict has led to a new emphasis on survivability. Commanders want their trucks armored, networked, and carrying weapons. Current plans also call for an increase in the demand for combat vehicles. Refurbishment and modernization will continue on current systems, and new systems are in development now. A combination of budget problems make it unlikely, however, that DoD will be able to afford to fund all its programs while retaining its current industrial base. DoD may have to make hard decisions about whether to consolidate government depots, and the drop-off in funding may cause more mergers and acquisitions in industry. The study concludes with recommendations for how the United States should manage the industrial base during the inevitable funding drop-off if it wants to be ready for the next war.", "keywords": [ "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://doi.org/10.21236/ada475100" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171554833", "doi": "10.23917/jiti.v25i01.16262", "title": "A Mixed Integer Linear Programming Model for Packaged Drinking Water Distribution Routing Problem", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-07", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Chintia Dwi Wangsa Kuswardani", "Nikmatus Sholikha", "Tamara Rahma Widowati", "Areta Triani Putri" ], "first_author": "Chintia Dwi Wangsa Kuswardani", "venue": "Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri", "publisher": "Muhammadiyah University Press", "abstract": "This study addresses the Vehicle Routing Problem with heterogeneous vehicles, simultaneous pickup and delivery, multiple trips, and time windows (HVRPSPDMTTW), formulated for the distribution of packaged drinking water (PDW) specifically gallon-packaged PDW. The model was developed to reflect real operational conditions of PDW depots which employs a heterogeneous fleet of pickup trucks and three-wheeled commercial motorcycles to deliver and collect gallon-packaged PDW within defined time windows. The mathematical model is constructed as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation with the objective of minimizing total transportation costs, consisting of both fixed and variable vehicle costs. Verification of the model was carried out using LINGO 18.0 software on hypothetical datasets generated through random numbers, with small-scale scenarios involving 5 customers. Computational results confirm that all constraints were satisfied and that the model produces logical and feasible routing solutions. The behavior verification further shows that the model accurately responds to parameter changes, such as reduced vehicle capacity and narrower time windows, demonstrating consistent and realistic results. This research validates the feasibility and reliability of the proposed MILP model in representing real-world distribution systems.", "keywords": [ "Integer programming", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Truck", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Linear programming", "Variable (mathematics)", "Vehicle routing problem" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journals2.ums.ac.id/jiti/article/download/16262/6106" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2895604033", "doi": "10.17146/jpen.2018.20.1.4305", "title": "Study of Dispersion Hazard Potential of The LPG Stations Around the RDE Site in Rainy and Dry Season", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-09-05", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Siti Alimah", "June Mellawati" ], "first_author": "Siti Alimah", "venue": "Jurnal Pengembangan Energi Nuklir", "publisher": null, "abstract": "STUDY OF DISPERSION HAZARD POTENTIAL OF THE LPG STATIONS AROUND THE RDE SITE IN RAINY AND DRY SEASON. There are two LPG station (SPPBE) which are the depot of filling, storage and distribution of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) namely PT. BM and PT. ISR which the distance each are 2,995 and 4,141 km from Experimental Power Reactor (RDE) site with capacity 15 and 30 tons. LPG station is a stationary source, which is one aspect of the external human induced events that need to be analyzed in the preparation of site evaluation reports to obtain site permits. Hazard potential that may occur from the depot LPG are fire, explosion and dispersion of hazardous and toxic gas. The release of LPG due to valve leakage which is then dispersed at a certain dose has potentially harmful to health, even death to the population around the RDE site. The purpose of the study was to know the effect of seasons (rainy and dry) to the potential hazard of LPG dispersion from LPG truck tank valve to the around RDE site. The method of study are collection the atmospheric data such as wind direction and speed, temperature and humidity, collection the station LPG characteristic, such as mass of gas, diameter and length of tank, and valve diameter, etc. The atmospheric data was obtained from Pondok Betung Climatology Station, in dry, transition, and rainy seasons, furthermore data was analyzed using ALOHA software version 5.4.5. The results show dispersion from LPG release due to valve leakage from PT. BM and PT. ISR around the RDE site, in the dry season (April), the transition (January and July) as well as the rainy season (October) does not hazardous to the RDE site. Maximum threat zone occurs in dry season at April (wind speed 1.54 m/s), which reaches radius 179 m with airborne LPG concentration 5500 ppm, radius 111 m with concentration 17000 ppm and radius 71 m with concentration 53000 ppm.", "keywords": [ "Environmental science", "Wet season", "Liquefied petroleum gas", "Dry season", "Dispersion (optics)", "Population", "Atmospheric dispersion modeling", "Environmental engineering", "Waste management", "Engineering", "Chemistry", "Air pollution" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://jurnal.batan.go.id/index.php/jpen/article/download/4305/3935" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4317465738", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7549449", "title": "Proposed Improvement of Pertalite Fuel Outbound Logistics Performance to Achieve Pertamina Patra Niaga MS2 Compliance (A Case Study of Bandung City)", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-19", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nastiti Liring Bestari", "Gatot Yudoko" ], "first_author": "Nastiti Liring Bestari", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "ABSTRACT: PT. Pertamina Patra Niaga was founded in 2004, is a sub-holding of PT. Pertamina which handles Pertamina's downstream oil and gas processes, especially fuel trading and handling, as well as fleet and depot management. This study took Fuel Terminal Bandung Group - Ujung Berung as a research location which encounter issue related to the not achieved of the MS2 Compliance target in delivery time delay related to the external logistics performance. This research focuses on the delivery of Pertalite fuel in the city of Bandung in the third quarter of 2022. This study aims to identify the factor that affect the value of MS2 Compliance in Fuel Terminal Bandung Group-Ujung Berung and initiate the improvement initiatives to improve outbound logistic performance for Fuel Terminal Bandung Group - Ujung Berung. The conceptual framework used in this research describes the supply chain design and focuses on outbound logistics in terms of moving the final product to the retailers to achieve responsive supply chain strategy is improving the outbound logistic performance. The equipment that used to carry the delivery are tank trucks. The method used in this study uses a quantitative approach with heuristic methods using a sweep algorithm. Quantitative data were obtained from company data, observations at the company and interviews with departments that related to the company's logistics. Secondary data analysis using literature and company data. The analysis was carried out by finding the root of the problem with a fishbone diagram and analysing quantitative data with a sweep algorithm. The analysis is carried out by taking days that have low MS2 Compliance in Quarter III 2022 in one week, where one day has three delivery batch. From the results of the analysis, it was found that there were four main causes, namely method, environment, human, and equipment factors. Then examine by the sweep algorithm analysis which results in more effective route selection and maximizing the use of tank trucks by calculating the travel time for each shipment by considering the allowance time for each shipment.", "keywords": [ "Compliance (psychology)", "Business", "Operations management", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Psychology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/7549449" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2034769713", "doi": "10.1353/cal.2004.0122", "title": "Red Ball Express", "year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "de", "authors": [ "A. Van Jordan" ], "first_author": "A. Van Jordan", "venue": "Callaloo", "publisher": "Johns Hopkins University Press", "abstract": "Red Ball Express A. Van Jordan (bio) August 25 - November 16, 1944 Just now a silence grows too loud to ignore and I move out into the near-dark darkness, which, these days, has become my daylight, driving a 2.5 ton battalion truck to Red Ball depots to pick up gasoline and ammunition, then, ferrying them back to the 225th's positions through land mines hiding beneath our wheels and past German eyes, which illuminate the trees. This is the hell I do, my mission brings gasoline, which Clemenceau calls 'the red blood of war,' le sang rouge de guerre, like he's the one driving the gas-lit truck, Churchill says the Allies floated to victory on a sea of oil—on our flesh, he should say— through backroads where enemy fire shines like stars through black sky. Let's face it, gentlemen, it's like General Patton said, My men can eat their belts, But my tanks gotta have gas. Now, what keeps me going is the silhouette of driver John Rookard as he set out on a road to deliver supplies the night after another driver had been ambushed and killed—two tons of gasoline as his funerary pyre; it's Rookard's smile and his eyes, which don't smile, as he turns to look at me before he's fully embraced by the darkness.... The shape of him behind the wheel, burning in my eye, is everything I need to know about where I'm going. A. Van Jordan A. Van Jordan is author of two books of poems, Rise (winner of the PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Award) and M-A-C-N-O-L-I-A (to be published in 2004 by Norton). This Ohio native teaches at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. Copyright © 2004 Charles H. Rowell", "keywords": [ "Victory", "Art", "Art history", "Law", "Politics", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/cal.2004.0122" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7133335795", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18853450", "title": "Logistical processes of hydrocarbon supply in Ukraine in the pre-war and war periods", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-03", "type": "article", "language": "uk", "authors": [ "Oleksandr Piriashvili", "Iryna Chukaeva" ], "first_author": "Oleksandr Piriashvili", "venue": "Формування ринкових відносин в Україні", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The subject of the study. Logistics of petroleum product supply in modern conditions of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is an assessment of transformation processes regarding the logistics of petroleum product supply in UkraineResearch methods. When writing a scientific article, general scientific and special research methods were used: description, analysis, observation, generalization, systematizationWork results. The article provides an assessment of the transformation of the geography and logistics of supplying petroleum products to Ukraine, which occurred as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. The prerequisites for the transformation of geographical boundaries and logistics of supplying hydrocarbons in the current conditions of Ukraine are considered. The role of road transport in creating a mobile hydrocarbon storage system has been determined.Conclusion. Before the war, fuel entered Ukraine mainly in large batches: through pipelines (Russian diesel fuel), by sea or by rail (mainly Belarusian–produced petroleum products).Fuel and lubricants were stored in large volumes at oil depots located throughout the country, and then transported by road (gasoline trucks) to gas stations.As practice has shown, such a scheme of logistics processes was well–established and had the greatest economic benefit, since the cost of transportation by rail, sea or pipeline is much cheaper than transportation by road. With such a scheme, fuel trucks were, in fact, used only for small groups within the country.Due to the outbreak of war, Ukraine had to completely change its geography and rebuild its logistics system for supplying petroleum products. Road transport has become the leading mode of transport in providing the country with petroleum products. In addition, a mobile hydrocarbon storage infrastructure was created based on road transport. Currently, the railway, thanks to the development of border infrastructure, has regained its position in the logistics of supplying petroleum products to Ukraine. There is currently no acute shortage of petroleum products. This means that decisions by both private importers and the state have had a positive effect.Thus, Ukraine has become an example of how it is possible to get rid of energy dependence on the Russian Federation in a short time.", "keywords": [ "Petroleum", "Pipeline transport", "Truck", "Product (mathematics)", "Petroleum product", "Supply chain", "Diesel fuel" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18853450" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4400336156", "doi": "10.32585/japti.v5i1.5129", "title": "Optimasi Rute Distribusi Pengiriman Bahan Bakar Minyak Dengan Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-03-30", "type": "article", "language": "id", "authors": [ "Sri Hartanti" ], "first_author": "Sri Hartanti", "venue": "Jurnal Aplikasi Ilmu Teknik Industri (JAPTI)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) menjadi salah satu kebutuhan sehari-hari yang harus terpenuhi sebab digunakan untuk kepentingan transportasi. Adanya peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor mengakibatkan kenaikan permintaan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM), salah satunya di Kabupaten XYZ. Kelancaran distribusi menjadi salah kunci ketersediaan kapasitas Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) di Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU). Banyaknya titik Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU) yang harus dikunjungi menimbulkan waktu tempuh total pengiriman menjadi lebih lama. Maka perlu membuat rute yang optimal agar meminimalkan total jarak tempuh. Kelancaran dan ketepatan waktu pengiriman ini dipengaruhi oleh rute dan jarak tempuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyelesaikan permasalahan Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) untuk penentuan rute distribusi BBM agar dapat meminimalkan total jarak tempuh Tanker Truck, menggunakan software Python. Asumsi dan Batasan penelitian ini diantaranya, jumlah permintaan yang berbeda di setiap titik Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU), jumlah depot, dalam hal ini Terminal Bahan Bakar Minyak (TBBM) Pertamina berjumlah 1, dan titik Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU) yang akan dituju disesuaikan dengan node yang tersedia pada openstreetmap. Rute yang dihasilkan merupakan rute optimal yang dapat dilalui dari Pertamina ke titik-titik SPBU di Kabupaten XYZ. Total jarak yang tempuh terpendek yang dapat dilalui oleh Tanker Truck adalah 62.912m atau sejauh 62,9km dengan membawa BBM sebesar 31.000liter untuk 7 titik SPBU tersebut", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Mathematics", "Computer science", "Computer network", "Routing (electronic design automation)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journal.univetbantara.ac.id/index.php/japti/article/download/5129/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4317373665", "doi": "10.47191/ijcsrr/v6-i1-43", "title": "Proposed Improvement of Pertalite Fuel Outbound Logistics Performance to Achieve Pertamina Patra Niaga MS2 Compliance (A Case Study of Bandung City)", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-19", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nastiti Liring Bestari", "Gatot Yudoko" ], "first_author": "Nastiti Liring Bestari", "venue": "International Journal of Current Science Research and Review", "publisher": null, "abstract": "PT. Pertamina Patra Niaga was founded in 2004, is a sub-holding of PT. Pertamina which handles Pertamina’s downstream oil and gas processes, especially fuel trading and handling, as well as fleet and depot management. This study took Fuel Terminal Bandung Group – Ujung Berung as a research location which encounter issue related to the not achieved of the MS2 Compliance target in delivery time delay related to the external logistics performance. This research focuses on the delivery of Pertalite fuel in the city of Bandung in the third quarter of 2022. This study aims to identify the factor that affect the value of MS2 Compliance in Fuel Terminal Bandung Group-Ujung Berung and initiate the improvement initiatives to improve outbound logistic performance for Fuel Terminal Bandung Group – Ujung Berung. The conceptual framework used in this research describes the supply chain design and focuses on outbound logistics in terms of moving the final product to the retailers to achieve responsive supply chain strategy is improving the outbound logistic performance. The equipment that used to carry the delivery are tank trucks. The method used in this study uses a quantitative approach with heuristic methods using a sweep algorithm. Quantitative data were obtained from company data, observations at the company and interviews with departments that related to the company’s logistics. Secondary data analysis using literature and company data. The analysis was carried out by finding the root of the problem with a fishbone diagram and analysing quantitative data with a sweep algorithm. The analysis is carried out by taking days that have low MS2 Compliance in Quarter III 2022 in one week, where one day has three delivery batch. From the results of the analysis, it was found that there were four main causes, namely method, environment, human, and equipment factors. Then examine by the sweep algorithm analysis which results in more effective route selection and maximizing the use of tank trucks by calculating the travel time for each shipment by considering the allowance time for each shipment.", "keywords": [ "Supply chain", "Business", "Supply chain management", "Operations management", "Operations research", "Marketing", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ijcsrr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/43-19-2023.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7113295553", "doi": null, "title": "Pathways to Efficient and Equitable Solutions for Large-Scale Routing Problems", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-11", "type": "dissertation", "language": null, "authors": [ "Sobhanan, Abhay" ], "first_author": "Sobhanan, Abhay", "venue": "Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)", "publisher": "University of South Florida", "abstract": "This dissertation addresses large-scale optimization problems in transportation emerging from hierarchical decision-making, equitable workload allocation, and innovative routing logistics. It presents three sets of contributions, each detailed in a separate chapter, and offers computational tools and insights to advance both the theory and practice of transportation systems. The first work introduces a deep learning-enhanced genetic algorithm framework for solving the Hierarchical Vehicle Routing Problems (HVRPs). Traditional optimization approaches to such problems require extensive evaluation of multiple lower-level routing solutions and are computationally intensive. Our innovative method integrates a genetic algorithm with a pretrained graph neural network, which is trained on solutions from the HGS CVRP solver, to effectively predict vehicle routing costs resulting from upper level decisions without explicitly solving each scenario. Extensive computational experiments validate the effectiveness of this approach, demonstrating significant computational savings while maintaining high-quality solutions across various datasets. The second work proposes a practical equity-oriented optimization framework tailored specifically for crowdshipping platforms within the last-mile delivery systems. Recognizing that equitable workload distribution and fair compensation are crucial for maintaining a sustainable pool of crowdworkers, our framework utilizes bi-objective optimization to balance equity against operational costs. To effectively solve this problem, we propose Hybrid NSGA-II. Numerous experiments are conducted to quantify the trade-offs between cost and equity, revealing that modest sacrifices in efficiency can lead to substantial equity improvements. Our findings provide actionable insights for gig-economy platforms, highlighting optimal strategies to maximize fairness with minimal cost increases, and guiding workforce management by analyzing the effects of varying crowdshipper pool sizes. The third problem extends the classical Rural Postman Problem (RPP) to a mixed-fleet scenario involving multiple trucks and drones, with the objective of minimizing makespan. Trucks act as mobile depots, deploying drones to service required arcs while also serving the arcs they visit themselves. To navigate the complexity inherent in this problem, we introduce a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm with a chromosome structure that encodes required arc sequences and vehicle assignments, accompanied by multiple dedicated local searches. Comprehensive evaluations on large-scale instances demonstrate the scalability, effectiveness, and real-time applicability of our method, underscoring significant improvements achievable through truck-drone integration in arc-routing logistics.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Workload", "Equity (law)", "Genetic algorithm", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Multi-objective optimization" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/11009" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2313354490", "doi": "10.2172/1208537", "title": "Commercial Electric Vehicle (EV) Development and Manufacturing Program (Final Report)", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-04-24", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Dion van Leeve" ], "first_author": "Dion van Leeve", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Navistar with the Department of Energy’s assistance undertook this effort to achieve the project objectives as listed in the next section. A wholly owned subsidiary of Navistar, Workhorse Sales Corporation was the original grant awardee and upon their discontinuation as a standalone business entity, Navistar assumed the role of principal investigator. The intent of the effort, as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) was to produce zero emission vehicles that could meet the needs of the marketplace while reducing carbon emissions to zero. This effort was predicated upon the assumption that concurrent development activities in the lithium ion battery industry investigations would significantly increase their production volumes thus leading to substantial reductions in their manufacturing costs. As a result of this development effort much was learned about the overall system compatibility between the electric motor, battery pack, and charging capabilities. The original system was significantly revised and improved during the execution of this development effort. The overall approach that was chosen was to utilize a British zero emissions, class 2 truck that had been developed for their market, homologate it and modify it to meet the product requirements as specified in the grant details. All of these specific goals were achieved. During the course of marketing and selling the product valuable information was obtained as relates to customer expectations, price points, and product performance expectations, specifically those customer expectations about range requirements in urban delivery situations. While the grant requirements specified a range of 100 miles on a single charge, actual customer usage logs indicate a range of 40 miles or less is typical for their applications. The price point, primarily due to battery pack costs, was significantly higher than the mass market could bear. From Navistar’s and the overall industry’s perspective, valuable insights and lessons into this all-electric vehicle propulsion were gained during the performance of this effort and can be revisited when battery chemistry and technology advance to the point of more suitable economic viability. Additionally, another goal of the ARRA act and this specific grant was to manufacture the product in the, at that time, economically depressed Northwest Indiana area. Navistar chose a location in Wakarusa, Indiana which fulfilled this requirement. Navistar was and continues to be committed to alternative fuel and propulsion options as an industry leader in the medium and heavy duty truck industry.", "keywords": [ "Zero emission", "Corporation", "Truck", "New product development", "Business", "Operations management", "Marketing", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Finance", "Electrical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2172/1208537" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W68272231", "doi": null, "title": "Strategies Used By Logistics Firms To Minimize Costs And Maximize Services : MBA-thesis in marketing", "year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kenneth Ebi-Ndie" ], "first_author": "Kenneth Ebi-Ndie", "venue": "DiVA (University of Gävle)", "publisher": "University of Gävle", "abstract": "Aim: More and more organizations worldwide want to develop products for global markets. At the same time, they need to make their products available in the global market to be competitive. One of today's trends to solve this problem of making products in the global market is by involving logistics to manage complex distribution requirements. Organizations have developed strategic alliances with companies all over the world to manage their logistics operations network. (www.chrobinson.com). My research was aimed at understanding the coordination of logistics activities at the terminal. Method: I based my study on a combination of descriptive and exploratory type. As regards descriptive I presented my data collected in a descriptive analysis. Also I used the exploratory research to know exactly the implementation of logistics activities at Schenker's terminal and also to observe the activities, conduct interviews and administer questionnaires. Result & Conclusions: The major results of my findings revealed that the existing management procedure of the outbound logistics system at Schenker terminal which involves material handling, transportation, distribution, cross-docking, customer service and information systems could not be seen as lean and agile. This is because of the existence of many problems faced by the terminal such as congestion, flows inefficiencies, excess scrap, too much manual documentation, delays in deliveries, damages, poor customer service, return goods, idle equipment (forklift and trucks) and personal and high cost of operations. Suggestions for future research: The study is limited in the sense that it does not include the whole supply chain; the terminal is just a part in the supply chain and whatever problems that are encountered are not experienced in the whole supply chain. This could lead to a broader basis of a future research project.", "keywords": [ "Business", "Marketing", "Industrial organization" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4824" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3217651930", "doi": null, "title": "Self-certification of autonomous buses", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kristina Andersson", "Håkan Burden", "Susanne Stenberg" ], "first_author": "Kristina Andersson", "venue": "KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)", "publisher": "KTH Royal Institute of Technology", "abstract": "It will still be a few years before we will have autonomous buses driving city streets and squares without drivers. On the other hand, it should be possible to have autonomous buses in a depot at an early stage in order to ensure more efficient maintenance of the vehicles when they are not in service, while at the same time learning how to be part of future operations. Such buses would be type-approved for manual traffic (SAE level 0-2), but not approved for autonomous road operation (SAE level 4-5). During the span of a single day, the bus will therefore alternate between the regulations for enclosed (fenced depot) and non-enclosed (road) areas, between being autonomous and not autonomous. The bus, which was previously a legal “static whole”, will now instead be tested based on two regulations depending on the environment it is in at any given time and level of autonomy. This is a completely new situation: that a bus is “dynamically divisible” from a regulatory perspective, which has significance in terms of who shall decide whether the vehicle is safe to use in a certain environment. After analysing the challenges based on existing regulations, interviewing relevant authorities, arranging workshops with various stakeholders and meetings with experts in certification, our conclusion is that, in order to be considered safe in autonomous mode within the depot, the bus should be self-certified by means of CE marking according to the Machinery Directive1. This is the authors’ conclusion and not necessarily representative of the other parties involved in the project. We predict that we will see more self-certification of autonomous vehicles in the future. Partly because there are such large international markets working in this way, such as in North America, and partly because it enables faster market introduction of dynamic vehicle concepts. With “dynamic vehicle concept” we mean vehicles that gain new areas of application by replacing the chassis or changing software settings and are thus converted from a bus to a truck or from a car to quadricycle. Maybe even several times a day. Self-certification, however, will also increase the need for standardisation, both for processes and products. Processes may involve how a vehicle can be certified, particularly how the risk analysis should be carried out. In terms of products, standardised descriptions of the technology’s function will facilitate proprietary self-certification since operators know how to describe their own products, including how their certification should be structured based on the constituent certified components. Current regulations will also need to be updated if more vehicles are to be self-certified, such as the Machinery Directive. Lastly, we would like to communicate the method used to reach our conclusions. The project has been carried out as a Policy Lab where we have brought together various stakeholders around a common challenge. This has enabled us to concretise both the challenge of autonomous vehicles within the enclosed area and our conclusions. The method selected has also given relevant authorities the opportunity to familiarise themselves with how they should relate to tomorrow’s technology without having to present a view on how they will relate to a specific test or vehicle. In this way, Swedish authorities will be ready to adopt technical innovations once they are introduced to the market. This report is structured so that Section 2 describes the current regulatory framework, particularly in terms of the distinction between the Machinery Directive and vehicle type-approval. Section 3 uses specific examples to describe business operations pertaining to autonomous buses in a depot. Section 4 presents the authors’ conclusions based on how the regulations relate to the specific details obtained from the depot pilot. Section 5 presents the full picture by relating our conclusions to what is happening internationally and how the national ordinance on autonomous vehicle trials on roads corresponds to international trends. Lastly, in Section 6, we provide a summary of what we consider to be the most important issues for which further work should be carried out.", "keywords": [ "Certification", "Business", "Computer science", "Economics", "Management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-52477" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4414948095", "doi": "10.32782/bses.93-15", "title": "THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION IN THE EXPORT OF UKRAINE’S AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Anton Olkhovskyi", "Вікторія Мініна" ], "first_author": "Anton Olkhovskyi", "venue": "Black Sea Economic Studies", "publisher": "Black Sea Research Institute of Economics and Innovation", "abstract": "The article explores the economic efficiency of using container transportation within the structure of Ukraine’s agricultural exports amid the transformation of logistics routes. Due to the full-scale war and blockade of seaports since 2022, the Ukrainian agricultural sector has faced new challenges in ensuring the stable export of products, particularly grains, oilseeds, and their processed derivatives. In this context, container logistics has gained strategic importance as a more flexible and adaptive delivery tool capable of partially compensating for the loss of traditional transportation channels. The paper outlines the specifics of containerized transportation in agriculture, considering the characteristics of agricultural products, seasonal supply patterns, sensitivity to mechanical losses, and strict delivery time requirements. It emphasizes that containerization enables the shipment of small consignments, ensures better cargo preservation, reduces transshipment time, and optimizes the cost structure of logistics over the long term. The study includes statistical analysis of agricultural export volumes for the period 2017–2023, visualizes export dynamics through graphs, identifies the product export structure, and calculates the share of container transport within total agricultural exports. It provides examples of functioning rail and multimodal routes, particularly through Yagodyn, Gdańsk, and the Danube ports. The paper also compares the transportation costs of agricultural goods across different transport modes – barges, trucks, and container trains – assessing their economic feasibility depending on distance, product type, and export destination. Key advantages of containerization are identified: reduction of mechanical and biological losses, door-to-door integration of transport chains, minimization of idle time, and improved predictability in supply chains. At the same time, several systemic barriers are noted, including the shortage of container equipment, high cost of logistics services, and underdeveloped border infrastructure. Based on these findings, the article proposes solutions to expand container logistics capacities: the development of dry ports, logistics subsidies, and modernization of cross-border railway terminals. The results of the study confirm the existence of a solid potential for scaling container transport in Ukraine’s agricultural sector, which can enhance export resilience, lower logistical risks, and adapt agri-exports to the evolving geopolitical and economic realities.", "keywords": [ "Transshipment (information security)", "Container (type theory)", "Agriculture", "Product (mathematics)", "Containerization", "Train", "Multimodal transport", "Supply chain", "Agricultural machinery" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.32782/bses.93-15" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4391894918", "doi": "10.24252/kah.v11i2a4", "title": "The Literacy Development: Unveiling the Role of Balai Poestaka: A Historical Study", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-11-14", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nurmalina", "Romli SA", "Endang Rochmiatun" ], "first_author": "Nurmalina", "venue": "Khizanah al-Hikmah Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan Informasi dan Kearsipan", "publisher": "Department of Library Science Program Studi Ilmu Perpustakaan UIN Alauddin", "abstract": "The existence of Balai Poestaka was aimed to facilitate the Dutch East Indies Government in monitoring the circulation of \"appropriate reading materials for the people.\" Therefore, on September 14, 1908, the Commissie voor de Inlandsche School en Volkslectuur (Commission for Native Schools and Public Reading), which eventually changed its name to Balai Poestaka was formed. However, the efforts made by Balai Poestaka had at least some impact on the development of literacy in various communities, including the Palembang Residency. This research aims to understand the initiatives undertaken by Balai Poestaka in advancing literacy in the Palembang Residency community. The study employs historical research methods, including heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The study reveals that at least three efforts were made by Balai Poestaka to enhance community literacy. First, the establishment of Taman Poestaka, a library dedicated to the natives, opened in native schools under the supervision of teachers. Second, the initiation of Depot van Leermiddelen and small trucks serving as mobile bookstores reached villages in Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Kalimantan. Third, at least three times a year, Balai Poestaka distributed 100,000 catalogs, each consisting of 32 pages, to promote its published books. Additionally, Balai Poestaka sold its books at affordable prices to make them accessible to the purchasing power of the community.", "keywords": [ "Literacy", "Geography", "Sociology", "Pedagogy" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/khizanah-al-hikmah/article/download/40786/18497" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7158987625", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6357619", "title": "Energy consumption of heavy-duty battery and fuel cell electric vehicles depending on gross-vehicle weight, payload and temperature", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Mikaela Ranta", "Pekka Rahkola", "Tota Sai Santhosh", "Tommi Muona", "Mikko H. Pihlatie" ], "first_author": "Mikaela Ranta", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Payload (computing)", "Powertrain", "Software deployment", "Battery (electricity)", "Energy consumption", "Battery pack", "Battery electric vehicle", "Electric vehicle", "Range (aeronautics)", "Fuel efficiency" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6357619" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7133300877", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18853449", "title": "Logistical processes of hydrocarbon supply in Ukraine in the pre-war and war periods", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-03", "type": "article", "language": "uk", "authors": [ "Oleksandr Piriashvili", "Iryna Chukaeva" ], "first_author": "Oleksandr Piriashvili", "venue": "Формування ринкових відносин в Україні", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The subject of the study. Logistics of petroleum product supply in modern conditions of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is an assessment of transformation processes regarding the logistics of petroleum product supply in UkraineResearch methods. When writing a scientific article, general scientific and special research methods were used: description, analysis, observation, generalization, systematizationWork results. The article provides an assessment of the transformation of the geography and logistics of supplying petroleum products to Ukraine, which occurred as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. The prerequisites for the transformation of geographical boundaries and logistics of supplying hydrocarbons in the current conditions of Ukraine are considered. The role of road transport in creating a mobile hydrocarbon storage system has been determined.Conclusion. Before the war, fuel entered Ukraine mainly in large batches: through pipelines (Russian diesel fuel), by sea or by rail (mainly Belarusian–produced petroleum products).Fuel and lubricants were stored in large volumes at oil depots located throughout the country, and then transported by road (gasoline trucks) to gas stations.As practice has shown, such a scheme of logistics processes was well–established and had the greatest economic benefit, since the cost of transportation by rail, sea or pipeline is much cheaper than transportation by road. With such a scheme, fuel trucks were, in fact, used only for small groups within the country.Due to the outbreak of war, Ukraine had to completely change its geography and rebuild its logistics system for supplying petroleum products. Road transport has become the leading mode of transport in providing the country with petroleum products. In addition, a mobile hydrocarbon storage infrastructure was created based on road transport. Currently, the railway, thanks to the development of border infrastructure, has regained its position in the logistics of supplying petroleum products to Ukraine. There is currently no acute shortage of petroleum products. This means that decisions by both private importers and the state have had a positive effect.Thus, Ukraine has become an example of how it is possible to get rid of energy dependence on the Russian Federation in a short time.", "keywords": [ "Petroleum", "Pipeline transport", "Truck", "Product (mathematics)", "Petroleum product", "Supply chain", "Diesel fuel" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18853449" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W569269063", "doi": null, "title": "DEVELOPING A TELEMATICS PLATFORM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GOODS DELIVERIES IN URBAN AREAS", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Angela Spence", "Gianfranco Burzio", "Samira Hayes", "J Garcia Ramon" ], "first_author": "Angela Spence", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The potential of telematics applications to support the management of a more sustainable approach to urban freight delivery is being investigated by the EC research project, FIDEUS. In addition to the development of a special set of vehicles conceived specifically for delivering goods in the urban areas, a further objective of FIDEUS is to provide an ITS tool which can be used both by transport operators and city authorities to monitor andmanage delivery operations more effectively. The principal task is the development of a complementary range of vehicles designed specifically to facilitate urban delivery operations. These consist of: a 12-ton truck (Renault Midlum); a 3.5-ton van (IVECO Daily); and an innovative Micro-Carrier Urban Vehicle (MCUV). The micro-CUV consists of a prototype load carrier designed specifically for deliveries in inner cities. The purpose is to meet the requirements of delivery and collection of letters and parcels in anurban environment and in particular pedestrianised areas and zones with restricted vehicle access. It consists of a tractor and chassis and is ableto transport a special 'container' in which the goods will be loaded. Theoperator will either accompany the carrier on foot or ride on a platform.The development of a standardised 'goods container' for such deliveries is also part of the project. A critical aspect of FIDEUS is to exploit the possibility of using all three vehicles in a complementary fashion. The functions of the logistics and telematics platforms are described. The vehicles will be equipped with an on-board telematic platform able to exchange data with the FIDEUS Operations Centre through a SOAP interface. Examples are given for the foods and parcels delivery sectors. Lyon, Hanover, and Barcelona are providing sites for demonstration activities. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.", "keywords": [ "Telematics", "Truck", "Transport engineering", "Container (type theory)", "Chassis", "Task (project management)", "Exploit", "Engineering", "Telecommunications", "Computer science", "Computer security", "Systems engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://trid.trb.org/view/850625" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4213038645", "doi": "10.1353/mis.1990.0056", "title": "Black Humor", "year": 1990, "publication_date": "1990-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kenneth Zamora Damacion" ], "first_author": "Kenneth Zamora Damacion", "venue": "˜The œMissouri review", "publisher": "University of Missouri", "abstract": "BLACK HUMOR / Kenneth Zamora Damacion Ten years, and still my younger brother laughs at his attempts at death, wanting at fourteen, the anonymity of Fresno, Bakersfield, San Bernardino, wanting memory to blur away as he stared out the bus window, wanting to foul and be fouled, to die among garden cUppings, leaves, rotting food, the morning tragedy headlined in the gazette of some rich neighborhood. Why five hundred mUes south, in San Diego? Walking away from the depot at 1st and Broadway, he downed aspirins and sleeping piUs, wandered through the warm, weU-groomed, palmUned streets. Amidst a world that was new, wondrous, could he still have wanted his death? Against a darkening violet dusk did he search for his last meal? Or rather, for a bin large enough to Ue inside—where he could imagine himself Ufted ceremoniously by the claws of the city sanitation truck as the dawn rose. Aspiring to anonymity, he found it, was foUed by it, as two cops picked him up, beUeving he was a runaway. He never bothered to tell them he was more important than that, as they returned him to the bus depot, made certain that he bought a ticket and boarded. StiU he would not give up desire. On the bus back north, he washed more piUs down with a soft drink, stuffed his ticket in the half-empty can, grinned at the thought that where he was going he had no use for it. Perhaps in Fresno, the driver nudged him awake, and he had to fish the ticket out, press the wet from it, and pass it to the driver who shook his head the whole time at this smart-ass kid. Somehow, my brother survived. I recaU the last scene in Midnight Cowboy, the tubercular 194 · The Missouri Review Ratso Rizzo complains of the cold and dies in the back of the bus. The cowboy holds him in his arms. But, this is my brother's movie, his memories that turn his mouth to smUe; I try to stay out of his telling of it. Kenneth Zamora Damacion The Missouri Review · 295 ...", "keywords": [ "Brother", "Ticket", "Tragedy (event)", "Dusk", "Art", "Art history", "History", "Living room", "Advertising", "Law", "Literature", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/mis.1990.0056" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3138907901", "doi": null, "title": "City logistics and smart delivery", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-03-17", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sabine Limbourg" ], "first_author": "Sabine Limbourg", "venue": "Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège)", "publisher": "University of Liège", "abstract": "The current and expected growing number of people living and working in cities and the limited space available inside city centres implies a greater exchange of inbound and outbound freight flows between city centres and their surrounding regions. Urban freight transports provide economic benefits to society but are also responsible for negative externalities such as congestion, air and water pollution, climate change, accidents and noise. Access restrictions are one of the most applied measures to control urban traffics in the city's specific areas. A growing use of urban trucks based on electric, hydrogen and hybrid technologies or non-motorized transport such as bikes reduces pollutant emissions, noise and road congestion by making night deliveries and avoiding morning and afternoon peak periods. This seminar's objective is to discuss how to efficiently distribute shipments to customers from several cities by a freight transport operator. This delivery company has several vehicles to carry products to customers or small depots located at different cities' points. We consider the whole distribution network, allowing us to make decisions at firm, delivering companies and small depots level (Aguayo et al., 2020). Then we consider a platform bringing together several freight transport operators. Freight bundling is a central characteristic of the systems in focus. Besides, pricing decisions can be simultaneously integrated by extending a bilevel programming formulation (Tawfik and Limbourg, 2019). Finally, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, which is also known as a drone, is examined as a possible way to facilitate biomedical transportation. We deal with the drone network design problem for biomedical material transportation. Four location models are developed and applied to Brussels and its periphery with respect to the associated market in terms of biomedical product flows. In the context of separate case studies of scenario-based analysis, the experiments show that charging stations is useful for extending the mission ranges and gaining market share. The results also show the possibility of gradually implementing the bases without requiring any significant changes, such as closing a base (Dhote and Limbourg, 2020).", "keywords": [ "Business", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/258133" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1764547976", "doi": "10.21236/ada183205", "title": "Cost Effective LOGMARS (Logistics Applications of Automated Marking and Reading Symbols) Marking of the M16 Rifle", "year": 1987, "publication_date": "1987-03-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Albert J. Colaianni", "John B. Handy", "J Strother Moore", "H. Harry" ], "first_author": "Albert J. Colaianni", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Laser-etched bar codes can dramatically reduce the costs of conducting small arms inventories. An Air Force technical study and a Marine Corps work measurement study have shown that such bar coding is both feasible and effective. To maximize savings, the Military Services mist etch the codes onto fielded small arms at the lowest possible cost. The M16 family of rifles is by far the largest component of most Service armories. Because the number and use of M16 rifles vary by Service, the most effective strategy for etching them varies by Service. For those stored in crates out of use, we recommend that weapons not be etched until crate opening and issuance. We recommend that the Army etch new M16A2s at Anniston Army Depot as they received from the factory. Since the Army's entire inventory of older M16A1s is scheduled for replacement we recommend that none of the currently fielded M16A1 inventory be etched. The Marine Corps and the Air Force should engage jointly in a program of etching M16As at installations with large inventories. They should use a truck-mounted mobile etcher. The M16s assigned to Edwards Air Force Base can be etched at a lower cost at Hill Air Force Base's small arms repair facility. The Navy has a relatively small number of M16 rifles, and most of them are stored in crates. Uncrated M16s are so few that they do not justify a laser etching program.", "keywords": [ "Rifle", "Computer science", "Reading (process)", "Engineering", "Linguistics", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://doi.org/10.21236/ada183205" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7202071865", "doi": "10.26599/jicv.2026.9210094", "title": "Prospects of automated driving in different road freight vocations: Why non-driving matters more than driving", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-10", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Edgar Jungblut", "Miguel Jaller", "Thomas Grube", "Jochen Linßen" ], "first_author": "Edgar Jungblut", "venue": "Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles", "publisher": "Emerald Publishing Limited", "abstract": "Abstract Most truck modeling studies make generalized assumptions regarding driving times, distances, and non-driving tasks, except for loading and unloading, and therefore fail to capture the diversity of freight transport vocations, especially in the context of automated trucking analyses. To fill this gap, this study followed a three-stage process that involved reviewing existing literature, a typological analysis of driving and non-driving tasks in trucking vocations, and a quantitative assessment of the vocation specific benefits and challenges of automation. The last, however, was rather illustrative because of restricted available task-share data. The analysis grouped the tasks by their location: at the terminal/depot, on route, and at the customer site. From an operational perspective, tasks at the customer site are a key limiting factor for the use of automated vehicles. Non-driving tasks further determine the operational usefulness and benefits of automated vehicles. From a technical perspective, the traffic environment significantly influences the ease of implementing automated driving. For example, controlled traffic environments, such as yard transportation, are easiest to automate, while complex environments, such as urban areas, are the hardest. Overall, task shares significantly influence the utility of automated driving for individual freight vocations, with non-driving task shares ranging from 22 to 80%. Moreover, vocations that offer the greatest benefits may be more conducive to the development of automated driving technologies than those with the fewest technical and operational barriers to entry.", "keywords": [ "Context (archaeology)", "Truck", "Task (project management)", "Limiting", "Process (computing)", "Key (lock)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.sciopen.com/local/article_pdf/10.26599/JICV.2026.9210094.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W110316408", "doi": null, "title": "Sustainable Manhattan 2050: master plan and multimodal transportation system", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Pitts, Ian" ], "first_author": "Pitts, Ian", "venue": "K-State Research Exchange (Kansas State University)", "publisher": "Kansas State University", "abstract": "Transportation is both the skeletal structure and the circulatory system of a city. It is the foundation upon which all development happens. Currently, Manhattan’s transportation options are centered on the tyranny of the automobile; its development options are based on the suburban result. Progress in Manhattan’s future will depend on having a transportation system that can weather the storm of peak oil and provide expanded travel options. The master plan provides for densification within an urban growth boundary, to help support the emergence of a finely-grained multimodal transportation system. The system, centered on a new “Union Station” transit hub near the original Union Pacific Depot, will include buses, streetcars, intercity rail, and bicycles. Citizens of the future Manhattan will be able to walk or bike to the nearest transit stop, and seamlessly travel from any point in the city to any other, and connect to interurban streetcars to Keats and Riley, or Ogden and Junction City, or intercity rail to places such as Kansas City, Denver, and beyond. Moving people will only be one part of the equation, however. The master plan will also include locating a regional intermodal freight facility with easy hybrid or electrically powered truck access to the denser core of the city. The interurban streetcar lines will be fundamental in bringing the agricultural bounty of outlying Eco-Villages into the city for consumption and processing. With a sustainable, low-energy and varied transport system in place, Manhattan will continue to be a prospering and growing city to 2050 and beyond.", "keywords": [ "Master plan", "Plan (archaeology)", "Environmental planning", "Business", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Geography", "Archaeology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9115" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2064116903", "doi": "10.1016/0951-8320(90)90074-w", "title": "Risk associated with the demilitarization of the United States chemical weapons stockpile", "year": 1990, "publication_date": "1990-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "George Fergus Flanagan", "Willard E. Fraize", "Thomas Kartachak" ], "first_author": "George Fergus Flanagan", "venue": "Reliability Engineering & System Safety", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Stockpile", "Relocation", "Population", "Waste management", "Engineering", "Site selection", "Risk assessment", "Waste disposal", "Environmental science", "Environmental health" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(90)90074-w" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7135236853", "doi": "10.52710/cfs.980", "title": "Autonomous Delivery Systems: Technological Approaches and Implementation Considerations for Retail Logistics Transformation", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-13", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Cijin Lonappan Kappani" ], "first_author": "Cijin Lonappan Kappani", "venue": "Computer Fraud & Security", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "Last-mile delivery constitutes a significant cost burden within retail supply chains. Traditional fulfillment models rely on individual drivers navigating congested urban roads. Sequential package handoffs consume considerable time and operational resources. Consumer expectations continue shifting toward same-day and on-demand delivery standards. Conventional logistics architectures struggle to meet accelerating fulfillment demands. Autonomous delivery technologies present viable solutions to address persistent inefficiencies. Ground-based robotic platforms navigate pedestrian infrastructure for neighborhood deliveries. Unmanned aerial vehicles enable direct point-to-point routing unconstrained by surface traffic. Full-scale autonomous trucks handle middle-mile transport between distribution centers. Multi-modal integration architectures combine platform strengths through coordinated handoff systems. Major retailers including Walmart and 7-Eleven have launched pilot programs testing various autonomous delivery modalities. Robot-to-drone transfer mechanisms extend delivery range beyond individual platform capabilities. Regulatory fragmentation across jurisdictions creates compliance complexities for scaled deployment. Infrastructure requirements include charging stations, transfer facilities, and maintenance depots. Environmental conditions affect sensor performance and operational reliability. The article examines technological modalities, current industry implementations, and considerations shaping autonomous delivery adoption within retail logistics networks.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Supply chain", "Delivery Performance", "Fragmentation (computing)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Digital transformation", "Delivery system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://computerfraudsecurity.com/index.php/journal/article/download/980/700" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2598707766", "doi": null, "title": "Good practices for the operational safety management in the early recovery phase of a seismic event using GPR", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-04-23", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Luca Bianchini Ciampoli", "Maria Giulia Brancadoro", "Andrea Benedetto", "Fabrizio D’Amico", "Alessandro Calvi", "Amir Morteza Alani", "Fabio Tosti" ], "first_author": "Luca Bianchini Ciampoli", "venue": "The EGU General Assembly", "publisher": "Copernicus Publications", "abstract": "This study deals with a case report about the planning and the performance of GPR surveys carried out in the town of Amatrice, in the district of Rieti, Italy.\r\nAs sadly known, the town has been hit by a 6.9 magnitude earthquake in the nighttime of August 24th 2016. The strength of the seism, along with the age and the deterioration rate of the structural asset, have caused the razing to the ground and the critical damaging of the majority of the buildings within the “red zone area”, corresponding to the historical town center.\r\nIn the early recovery phase taking place afterwards, the strong seismic swarm subsequent the main shake has sensitively slowed down the rescue and rehabilitation operations. Moreover, the main issue was related to the unsafety operational conditions of volunteers and firemen. To this effect, the geotechnical stability of the roads and the large operational areas represented critical issues, as up to 40 tons crane trucks were needed to put in safety the highest buildings, such as three-floor buildings and historical towers.\r\nIn this framework, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) provided a valuable help in preliminary assessing the stability of the areas where the crane trucks were planned to operate as well as to be parked over. The main objective of the GPR tests was to verify the absence of possible cavities beneath the ground surface that could undermine the strength of the surface under heavy loadings. To that effect, a multi-frequency ground-coupled GPR system was used. This radar system can simultaneously collect data at both the frequencies of 600 MHz and 1600 MHz. Four different sites were surveyed, namely, two sections of the main road passed on by the cranes, and two machinery depot areas down by the towers. In the former case, the surveys were performed by parallel longitudinal scans, due to the significant longitudinal length of the sections, whereas in the latter, two grids with differing sizes were realized and scanned for producing horizontal tomographic maps.\r\nIn both the cases, useful insights have been pointed out, and relevant critical areas of possible weaknesses in the soil strength, where to focus further and more specialist analyses, have been detected. It is important to emphasize on the details provided about the working procedures in such a complex environment.", "keywords": [ "Ground-penetrating radar", "Truck", "Radar", "Civil engineering", "Geology", "Environmental science", "Geotechnical engineering", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Telecommunications" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://iris.uniroma3.it/handle/11590/317022" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7138766941", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.19071177", "title": "Autonomous Delivery Systems: Technological Approaches and Implementation Considerations for Retail Logistics Transformation", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-17", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Cijin Lonappan Kappani" ], "first_author": "Cijin Lonappan Kappani", "venue": "Computer Fraud & Security", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "Last-mile delivery constitutes a significant cost burden within retail supply chains. Traditional fulfillment models rely on individual drivers navigating congested urban roads. Sequential package handoffs consume considerable time and operational resources. Consumer expectations continue shifting toward same-day and on-demand delivery standards. Conventional logistics architectures struggle to meet accelerating fulfillment demands. Autonomous delivery technologies present viable solutions to address persistent inefficiencies. Ground-based robotic platforms navigate pedestrian infrastructure for neighborhood deliveries. Unmanned aerial vehicles enable direct point-to-point routing unconstrained by surface traffic. Full-scale autonomous trucks handle middle-mile transport between distribution centers. Multi-modal integration architectures combine platform strengths through coordinated handoff systems. Major retailers including Walmart and 7-Eleven have launched pilot programs testing various autonomous delivery modalities. Robot-to-drone transfer mechanisms extend delivery range beyond individual platform capabilities. Regulatory fragmentation across jurisdictions creates compliance complexities for scaled deployment. Infrastructure requirements include charging stations, transfer facilities, and maintenance depots. Environmental conditions affect sensor performance and operational reliability. The article examines technological modalities, current industry implementations, and considerations shaping autonomous delivery adoption within retail logistics networks.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Supply chain", "Delivery Performance", "Fragmentation (computing)", "Digital transformation", "Operational efficiency", "Delivery system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19071177" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W135385839", "doi": "10.48780/publications.aston.ac.uk.00023175", "title": "An agent approach to improving radio frequency identification enabled Returnable Transport Equipment", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Rebecca Aggarwal" ], "first_author": "Rebecca Aggarwal", "venue": "Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University)", "publisher": "Aston University", "abstract": "Returnable transport equipment (RTE) such as pallets form an integral part of the supply chain and poor management leads to costly losses. Companies often address this matter by outsourcing the management of RTE to logistics service providers (LSPs). LSPs are faced with the task to provide logistical expertise to reduce RTE related waste, whilst differentiating their own services to remain competitive. In the current challenging economic climate, the role of the LSP to deliver innovative ways to achieve competitive advantage has never been so important. It is reported that radio frequency identification (RFID) application to RTE enables LSPs such as DHL to gain competitive advantage and offer clients improvements such as loss reduction, process efficiency improvement and effective security. However, the increased visibility and functionality of RFID enabled RTE requires further investigation in regards to decision‐making. The distributed nature of the RTE network favours a decentralised decision‐making format. Agents are an effective way to represent objects from the bottom‐up, capturing the behaviour and enabling localised decision‐making. Therefore, an agent based system is proposed to represent the RTE network and utilise the visibility and data gathered from RFID tags. Two types of agents are developed in order to represent the trucks and RTE, which have bespoke rules and algorithms in order to facilitate negotiations. The aim is to create schedules, which integrate RTE pick‐ups as the trucks go back to the depot. The findings assert that: - agent based modelling provides an autonomous tool, which is effective in modelling RFID enabled RTE in a decentralised utilising the real‐time data facility. ‐ the RFID enabled RTE model developed enables autonomous agent interaction, which leads to a feasible schedule integrating both forward and reverse flows for each RTE batch. ‐ the RTE agent scheduling algorithm developed promotes the utilisation of RTE by including an automatic return flow for each batch of RTE, whilst considering the fleet costs andutilisation rates. ‐ the research conducted contributes an agent based platform, which LSPs can use in order to assess the most appropriate strategies to implement for RTE network improvement for each of their clients.", "keywords": [ "Bespoke", "Radio-frequency identification", "Computer science", "Pallet", "Supply chain", "Truck", "Visibility", "Service (business)", "Outsourcing", "Service provider", "Competitive advantage", "Order (exchange)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/23175/1/Studentthesis-2014.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2517401753", "doi": "10.5345/jkibc.2016.16.4.381", "title": "Planning Guidance for Snow Control Material Storage Facilities Based on Case Studies", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-08-20", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Geunyoung Kim", "Hee-Jea Kim", "U-Yeol Park" ], "first_author": "Geunyoung Kim", "venue": "Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction", "publisher": "The Korean Institute of Building Construction", "abstract": "제설전진기지는 제설작업을 신속하게 수행하기 위한 물리적인 제반요건으로서, 제설대상 도로구간에 필요한 제설차량 및 장비를 보관한 차고와 제설제를 비축한 창고, 관리시설 등을 구비한 시설물로 정의할 수 있다. 본 연구는 제설전진기지의 시설기준을 마련하기 위한 기조적 연구로서 해외의 기준을 고찰하고 고속국도 및 일반국도, 지방도를 대상으로 국내 제설전진기지의 실태를 조사하였다. 사례조사결과 창고형태의 전진기지가 없고 야외에 제설제를 보관하고 있는 경우도 많은 것으로 나타났다. 실태조사를 바탕으로 배치, 규모, 평면, 구조체로 나누어 문제점을 분석하고 제설전진기지의 설계시 고려사항을 제시하였다. The snow control storage facilities have the physical requirements that are an anti-icing and deicing operations. They are efficiently and quickly performed, and composed of a vehicle depot for the snow removal equipment and truck, anti-icing and deicing chemical storages, and the control utilities. This study is to investigate the planning guidance of foreign countries, and the actual conditions of the snow control chemical storage facilities for expressway, the national highway and the local road, and is to suggest the planning guidelines. As some of the authorities have no fixed structures for the snow control storage, this study analyze the 5 cases constructed lately. From the result of the case studies, the operations performed in the snow control storage facilities and drawback of the facilities are analyzed with respect to layout, size, plan, and structure, and the improvement planning guidance is also suggested.", "keywords": [ "Snow", "Snow removal", "Icing", "Truck", "Control (management)", "Plan (archaeology)", "Transport engineering", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Civil engineering", "Computer science", "Meteorology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201625059046042.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7138436588", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.19071176", "title": "Autonomous Delivery Systems: Technological Approaches and Implementation Considerations for Retail Logistics Transformation", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-17", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Cijin Lonappan Kappani" ], "first_author": "Cijin Lonappan Kappani", "venue": "Computer Fraud & Security", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "Last-mile delivery constitutes a significant cost burden within retail supply chains. Traditional fulfillment models rely on individual drivers navigating congested urban roads. Sequential package handoffs consume considerable time and operational resources. Consumer expectations continue shifting toward same-day and on-demand delivery standards. Conventional logistics architectures struggle to meet accelerating fulfillment demands. Autonomous delivery technologies present viable solutions to address persistent inefficiencies. Ground-based robotic platforms navigate pedestrian infrastructure for neighborhood deliveries. Unmanned aerial vehicles enable direct point-to-point routing unconstrained by surface traffic. Full-scale autonomous trucks handle middle-mile transport between distribution centers. Multi-modal integration architectures combine platform strengths through coordinated handoff systems. Major retailers including Walmart and 7-Eleven have launched pilot programs testing various autonomous delivery modalities. Robot-to-drone transfer mechanisms extend delivery range beyond individual platform capabilities. Regulatory fragmentation across jurisdictions creates compliance complexities for scaled deployment. Infrastructure requirements include charging stations, transfer facilities, and maintenance depots. Environmental conditions affect sensor performance and operational reliability. The article examines technological modalities, current industry implementations, and considerations shaping autonomous delivery adoption within retail logistics networks.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Supply chain", "Delivery Performance", "Fragmentation (computing)", "Digital transformation", "Operational efficiency", "Delivery system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19071176" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3010916819", "doi": "10.5891/jafps.36.183", "title": "Quality Management of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables at a Supermarket Chain in Japan", "year": 2010, "publication_date": "2010-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Takayoshi Akinaga", "Seishi Kawasaki" ], "first_author": "Takayoshi Akinaga", "venue": "food preservation science", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Without the cooperation of the supermarket, it is very difficult to continuously measure the storage temperature within the display cases of fresh fruit and vegetables or the on-site temperature distribution of the supermarket. We conducted this research in cooperation with a major supermarket in the Okinawa Islands. The temperature and humidity during transportation from the central depot to some stores, and storage temperature of refrigerated display cases for fruits and vegetables were measured in order to investigate the quality management of fresh fruit and vegetables during daily delivery and sales operations in56stores in the Okinawa prefecture. Temperature and humidity were measured by recording thermometers every10seconds during delivery and in the refrigerated display cases. The surface temperature of the fruit was indirectly measured by an infrared thermometer. Delivery from the distribution center to the store was mainly done using a van- type truck without temperature control. Insulated roll box pallets and gel ices were used for the delivery of the fresh fruit and vegetables, so that they could be transported in conjunction with foods that required no refrigeration, hence reducing transportation costs. The cold storage temperature at the supermarket was 9℃ on average, so fruit and vegetables could be kept in the store for a few days and not in refrigerated display cases or cold storage. However, if kept at this temperature for an extended period, chilling injury symptoms will occur on tropical and subtropical fruits in the display cases or during removal from storage.", "keywords": [ "Cold chain", "Environmental science", "Pallet", "Cold storage", "Refrigeration", "Thermometer", "Toxicology", "Food science", "Horticulture", "Business", "Biology", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jafps/36/4/36_183/_pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2231760140", "doi": null, "title": "Propuesta de obtimización del despacho de la órdenes dentro de la bodega regional Quito y de la ruta de hoteles de la división institucional de la empresa Levapan del Ecuador.", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "es", "authors": [ "Yépez Tamayo", "Martin Dres" ], "first_author": "Yépez Tamayo", "venue": "USFQ Digital Repository (Universidad San Francisco de Quito)", "publisher": "Universidad San Francisco de Quito", "abstract": "The present project is going to be developed in ¨ LEVAPAN del Ecuador ¨ enterprise with two essential objectives: the optimization of the orders dispatching and the optimization of the hotel route of the institutional division of this company. To carry out the optimization of the orders dispatching, it´s going to be made a work sampling in Quito regional warehouse, with the purpose of understand first: how is working actually this warehouse and second: find faults in the process and locate the roots causes that generate it. Furthermore the sampling it´s going to help to identify productive percentage of activities, of no productive activities as well as the utilization percentage and other useful information that would help to make real solution to the company for improve the dispatching product problem and with this trying to bring a better service to their customers. To carry the optimization of the hotel route, of the institutional division, first is going to be understood how is working actually this transport product process to their different customers and later is going to be used the Premium Solver Platform program, that permit solve this type of TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) problems, that in their basic form consist in a set of customers that need to be supplied by a truck from a single depot that visit all of them just one time each and return to the origin started point; and with this, trying to improve the transport route that assures just in time delivery’s to their different customers in a minimal time and distance. Finally with the results obtain after the project have been made, the conclusions and recommendations will be exposed, with the purpose of improve these dispatching and transporting actually systems.", "keywords": [ "Product (mathematics)", "Service (business)", "Operations research", "Business", "Travelling salesman problem", "Truck", "Welfare economics", "Operations management", "Agricultural science", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://repositorio.usfq.edu.ec/handle/23000/1559" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W212932333", "doi": null, "title": "Twenty-Seven Years of Challenge", "year": 1994, "publication_date": "1994-04-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Clyde E. Jeffcoat" ], "first_author": "Clyde E. Jeffcoat", "venue": "˜The œGovernment accountants journal", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Few career government employees get the opportunities that I have had to work in three different career fields auditing, accounting and information technology. In fact, I had the privilege of serving as the senior civilian auditor in the Air Force, the senior accountant in the Army and the senior information technology operator in the Department of Defense (DOD). In addition to working in several career fields, I also worked in many different locations: Panama, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Korea, Japan, Israel, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Germany, Greece -- not to mention the Stateside locations such as Texas, California, Virginia, Maryland, Missouri, Colorado, Indiana, and of course, Washington D. C.-- all of which adds up an exciting and rewarding career. In a word . . . it has been FUN! The one aspect of my career that I am most appreciative of, however, is the fact that I was able to work in a reasonably autonomous mode during most of my years with the government. This not only gave me a sense of independence, it also enabled me to introduce some innovative concepts that made work exciting, and in the process, saved taxpayers a few dollars as well. The audit function offered the most visible opportunity to innovate. In Panama as an auditor, for example, I observed that the Army ammunition storage facilities were overcrowded, antiquated and very expensive to operate. These Army facilities were built around the turn of the century with single steel doors which meant you couldn't use fork lifts to unload the ammo; everything had to be done manually. In addition, these storage bunkers leaked water and were full of insects, snakes and virtually every other critter you can imagine. Just the opposite situation existed at the Air Force base - they had like-new igloos with double steel doors and a ramp that enabled trucks to back up and have fork lifts unload their cargo. The Air Force facilities were only 15 percent utilized. Obviously, our audit team recommended consolidation into a joint operation. That was my first exposure to trying to consolidate multi-Service operations. What an experience! You would have thought I was proposing a marriage between Golda Meir and Saddam Hussein. Nevertheless, reason prevailed and the consolidation took place, saving millions of dollars in operating costs every year. Next came an audit at Yuma Proving Grounds where we discovered a warehouse full of 50 caliber machine guns that no one knew existed. These guns had been taken off of tanks that underwent testing in Yuma during WWII; unfortunately, the local people forgot to send the guns out with the tanks when they completed testing. As it turned out, these guns were still very much in demand, so taxpayers benefited from the fact that proper accountability was established as a result of the audit. After that there was a fraud audit at Fort Huachuca where we found the NCO club manager was stocking his own private club in downtown Tucson with liquor from the Army club. This audit went so well in terms of findings, it was decided that I ought to try the same thing in Vietnam -- the ultimate auditor's paradise for sensational findings. The club scandals in Vietnam were well publicized, so I won't belabor that point. Not only did we find improprieties in Vietnam club operations, we also found the same type situation everywhere we audited. Take, for example, medical depot storage facilities. Jim Woods and I observed that the four in country medical depots were experiencing extremely high inventory losses because of the expiration of shelf-life items. When we investigated why, we found most of the hospitals and medical support units were ordering their supplies direct from the depot in Okinawa because they shipped faster than the in-country depots. Therefore, Jim and I recommended that everything be shipped from Okinawa and that the in-country depots be shut down to save an inventory investment of $30 million. This inefficiency was but one of the major problems that we pointed out in our audit report. …", "keywords": [ "Government (linguistics)", "Audit", "Officer", "Engineering", "Work (physics)", "Management", "Public relations", "Political science", "Law", "Economics", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-876083/twenty-seven-years-of-challenge" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2241121668", "doi": null, "title": "Networks of stored wheat: Towards improving sampling and management strategies in the United States and Australia", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "John Fredy Hernández Nopsa", "Gregory J. Daglish", "David W. Hagstrum", "J. K. Leslie", "T. W. Phillips", "Caterina Scoglio", "Sara Thomas‐Sharma", "Gimme H. Walter", "Karen A. Garrett" ], "first_author": "John Fredy Hernández Nopsa", "venue": "Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries archive of scientific and research publications (Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries)", "publisher": "Queensland Government", "abstract": "Wheat is the second most important staple worldwide. Insect, fungal, and mycotoxin contamination affect wheat grain quality during storage, and farmers and storage companies suffer economic losses due to mycotoxin contamination, trade limitation, and pesticide resistant insect populations. Stored grain moves from fields to storage structures (silos, elevators, depots), among storage structures, and to a final destination in the milling industry by train, truck, and barges. The network of stored grain movement may facilitate the dispersal of fungi, insect, and other contaminants among the nodes. We developed network models with 37 nodes (states) for the United States and 41 nodes (sites) for Australia (AU). Metrics such as average shortest path (2.1 and 6.7) and transitivity (0.38 and 0.35) were obtained for the US and AU, respectively. Analysis of shortest paths, betweenness centrality, and node degree highlighted the importance of KS, IL, and ID in the US and the Toowoomba, Natcha, and Malu in AU. A striking difference between the countries was that highly connected nodes were in the central US but in coastal AU, suggesting different optimal sampling and mitigation strategies for the two systems. Developing multilayer and interconnected network models of a) grain transportation, b) movement of fungi and insects, and c) management communication may be an important next step for understanding the risk of subpopulations of pesticide-resistant insects and mycotoxins.", "keywords": [ "Betweenness centrality", "Biological dispersal", "Biology", "Node (physics)", "Mycotoxin", "Centrality", "Ecology", "Toxicology", "Biotechnology", "Statistics", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://era.daf.qld.gov.au/id/eprint/4720/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2514113274", "doi": "10.12988/ams.2013.36340", "title": "Decision making for time-constrained commodity trasportation", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Z. Manoussaridis", "C. Mamaloukas", "Mehdi Sagheb‐Tehrani" ], "first_author": "Z. Manoussaridis", "venue": "Applied Mathematical Sciences", "publisher": null, "abstract": "“Xenios”is a speci…c DSS that was developed to assist the daily VRS activities of Greek transport …rms during special events. This system incorporated essential functions of GIS, database systems and model management techniques to support overall routing, scheduling and decision-making processes for Vehicle Routing and Scheduling (VRS) problems encountered during the Athens 2004 Olympic Games (ATHENS 2004). 4500 Z. Manoussaridis, C. Mamaloukas and M. Sagheb-Tehrani During the Athens Olympic Games 2004 in Athens, the Vehicle Routing and Scheduling problem was very intense. Actually, the commodities transportation had to be done within strictly de…ned time-periods and under many security and tra¢ c restrictions [2, 8]. Our work aimed at the successful setting up of DSS “Xenios” so that it could cover a wide range of variations of the VRS problem, especially problems with hard time-windows in the route generation [15, 17]. Mathematics Subject Classi…cation: 68U35 Keywords: Decision Support Systems, VRS problem dimensions, commodity transportation 1 Standing VRS problems and decision-making Trying to develop a speci…c Decision Support System (DSS) for VRS activities of transport …rms, during ATHENS 2004, came up with the need to survey the various problem dimensions [14] and create a theoretical framework for the speci…c context. This would assist us with the successful setting up of the DSS “Xenios”which covered a wide range of variations of the VRS problem encountered by transport …rms during the Olympic Games 2004. The main di¤erence of this system from a previous DSS named “Dromones”[14] was the aspect of hard time-windows in route generation. Therefore, the process of VRS decision-making was considered as a quite rigorous one [17]. The system combined GIS features, database management system and several model management techniques to support routing, scheduling and decision-making processes needed by general transport …rms [15]. Dantzing & Ramser [6] were the …rst to present the mathematical de…nition of the vehicle routing problem. In simple words, the problem focuses on the delivery of certain quantities of commodities to a number of customers who are scattered throughout a geographical area. A certain number of vehicles are available for these deliveries and each vehicle has a given capacity. Our aim is to determine a set of routes that each one would start and …nish in the depot so that the overall covered route can be minimized always under the conditions that all orders are being served and the issue of time-windows is taken into account. Datzing & Ramser de…ne the following speci…cations explicitly [6]: A set of n points Pi (i = 1; :::; n), in which all orders are being delivered from a point P0 (the depot). A quantity of orders q that has to be delivered in Pi (i = 1; :::; n). The capacity of the truck is C (C > qi for i = 1; :::; n) A matrix of routs D = [dij] that de…nes the route between each pair (i; j = 0; :::; n). Decision making for time-constrained commodity trasportation 4501 The objective is to …nd a set of routes that each would start and end at point P0, in order to minimize the overall covered route from the trucks under the condition that all orders are delivered and the capacity of all trucks is respected. There are a number of variations as far as the denomination of the present problem is concerned. Consequently, the present problem will be called as a classical vehicle routing problem (CVRP). The grouping of the problem dimensions aimed to the formation of dimension groups with common characteristics. Several came from the relevant bibliography [1], [3], [4], [5], [7] while others revealed from the …eld research conducted in various …rms [13], [15]. Based on this groundwork, the formulation of the conceptual schema for the necessary database and the DSS rules de…nition were accomplished without any severe problems (see …g1).", "keywords": [ "Commodity", "Computer science", "Mathematical economics", "Mathematics", "Business", "Finance" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2013.36340" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W750727611", "doi": "10.1353/qkh.1958.a395215", "title": "To Ohio One Hundred Years Ago: Excerpts from the Journal of Thomas Elkinton", "year": 1958, "publication_date": "1958-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "J. Passmore Elkinton" ], "first_author": "J. Passmore Elkinton", "venue": "Quaker history", "publisher": null, "abstract": "38Bulletin of Friends Historical Association survey was a map of the Paris Basin made some years later by a French scientist, Jean E. Guettard (1715-1786). John Bartram's scheme of 1756 anticipated by many years the founding of a geological survey in this country and, for that matter , antedated the actual teaching of geology. The first instruction in geology was given at Yale by Benjamin Silliman in 1802; the first geological map of the country was that of William Maclure, issued in 1809; and the first state surveys—those of the two Carolinas—were organized in 1824. In view of the data presented here, some two hundred years after John Bartram expounded his theories of geology, one feels entitled to make the claim that he was the \"first American-born geologist.\" TO OHIO ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO: EXCERPTS FROM THE JOURNAL OF THOMAS ELKINTON Selected by J. Passmore Elkinton* In September 1856 Joseph S. Elkinton (1830-1905) of Philadelphia , a member of Arch Street Yearly Meeting, and Malinda Patterson (1836-1920) of Ohio Yearly Meeting (Conservative) were married at the bride's home meeting at Somerton, near Barnesville, Ohio. The groom's brother, Thomas, kept a journal of the family expedition from Philadelphia to the wedding, from which the following excerpts are taken.1 Traveling was different in those days! On Sixth Day, Eighth Month 22nd, 1856, having \"bade farewell for a season to calculations and surveying in general,\" the writer \"proceeded with locking, strapping and roping trunks— there being baggage enough for a voyage to Europe. . . . Having received the honorable post of baggage master,\" he continues, \"I took leave soon after dinner and loaded up the wagon with baggage [and] checked it to Wheeling. At 1:00 o'clock we started * J. Passmore Elkinton of Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, is a greatnephew of the writer of this journal. The footnotes have been supplied by the Editor of the Bulletin. 1 The original of this journal now belongs to Thomas W. Elkinton of Moorestown, New Jersey. Notes and Documents39 [by train] and, passing over the intervening part of the city, crossed the city, crossed the Schuylkill, and stood boldly down for Baltimore. . . . \"Arrived at the Susquehanna, in obedience to the exhortation of an urchin who shouted in at the window, 'Passengers now take the boat/ we gathered up big bag, little bag and satchel and bonnet box, hat box and bundle, and passed on to a boat—of unusual construction for ferry purposes, being very long and the upper deck upheld by numerous massive pillars in order to sustain the baggage cars upon it. Landing safely upon the western side, we were soon seated again in railroad cars. . . . Whilst riding along, about half way between Havre de Grace and Baltimore, the train came to a stand at a place where no station was visible; it appeared that one of the wheels had heated up enough to fire the truck, and the train had stopped for the purpose of extinguishing the flame, which was done by means of buckets of water from the tender; further on, as the truck fired again, a stop was made at a water tank. ... As we neared the city [Baltimore], the truck became again on fire, but it was allowed to burn, and the train held on its swift-moving course and finally brought up in the depot, through which we were obliged to hurry in great haste and excitement to the street in front, where we entered some horse cars bound for the western depot [of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]. These cars were crowded, many of us standing and parts of our company being in the other car; yet in due time, after another scene of excitement in obtaining seats in the Wheeling train, we were all again comfortably located, and, drawing a long breath, prepared to see how it fared with the rest of the world. \"As the shades of night closed in upon us while we were sweeping swiftly among the hills and outside prospects became less and less interesting, finally with bonnets tied up to the top and hats disposed for the night and heads arranged for a nap, we endeavored to...", "keywords": [ "Geologist", "Brother", "Art history", "History", "Geological survey", "State (computer science)", "Classics", "Archaeology", "Geology", "Law", "Paleontology", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/qkh.1958.a395215" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2606658360", "doi": null, "title": "A Simio simulation model for the evaluation of Inter Terminal Transport systems at Maasvlakte 1 and 2 in 2030", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "M.J.M. Brands" ], "first_author": "M.J.M. Brands", "venue": "Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)", "publisher": "Delft University of Technology", "abstract": "The Maasvlakte port area in Rotterdam is located in the Netherlands. There are 14 container terminals and empty container depots located within this area, some are existing and some will be built in the near future. At container terminals containers are being transhipped between different modalities. At empty container depots, empty containers are being stored for a certain time. The container terminals are sharing the same customs facility and empty container depots. Transport between the container terminals and these facilities has to be organised. It is also possible that containers arrive at one container terminal, but have to depart from another container terminal. This transport between different terminals and depots is called Inter Terminal Transport (ITT). This ITT has to be organized in the future. The main question of this research is: Which transport system is most appropriate for Inter Terminal Transport between the terminals and depots at Maasvlakte 1 and 2 in 2030 and why? Previous studies were performed to determine the most appropriate transport system for ITT. This study includes a new simulation model to compare the ITT systems, in which the most up-to-date information can be used for the generation of new ITT container demand scenarios. The minimum percentage of on-time containers is set as a constraint, which was not done in previous researches. In this way a fair comparison can be made of the ITT systems and they can be evaluated using multiple criteria. In this research the AGV, ALV, and MTS will be compared. The AGV and ALV are automated vehicles, have a capacity of 2 TEU, and are expected to drive with a speed of 40 km/h in 2030. The ALV is able to load and unload containers by itself. The MTS is a manned vehicle, has a capacity of 10 TEU, and is expected to drive with a speed of 30 km/h in 2030. These ITT systems will be compared for three different economic growth scenarios (defined by the Port of Rotterdam): low growth, high oil prices, and European trend. An existing container generator (which is made in an earlier project) is used to create a table with containers. Each containers has the following properties: start time, origin (terminal/depot), delivery time, destination (terminal/depot), and size in TEU. The amount of generated containers for ITT differs per economic growth scenario: - Low growth scenario: 0.70 million containers/1.17 million TEU per year - High oil prices scenario: 0.78 million containers/1.29 million TEU per year - European trend scenario: 0.99 million containers/1.66 million TEU per year The list of containers from the generator is used as input for a simulation model. For this research a dynamic, discrete-event stochastic model has to be built. Multiple simulation software packages exist that are able to build such kind of model, but a choice has to be made. Based on the availability of the programs at the university, the costs, and the user friendliness, Simio is chosen. Containers arrive at the terminals using their start time and origin property. Containers are labelled as urgent when their latest departure time (delivery time minus the expected loading, unloading and transport time) is within 1 hour, otherwise the containers are labelled as non-urgent. The containers are sorted in different waiting areas; for each destination a separate waiting area is created. Those waiting areas are divided in two parts: the urgent part and the non-urgent part. The containers are virtually sorted by means of their latest departure time; the containers that must depart first are in front of the waiting area (FEFO). The containers are loaded on the ITT vehicles using the terminal equipment (except for the ALV). Each terminal has its own type and number of terminal equipment. Only (urgent and/or non-urgent) containers with the same destination are loaded on the same vehicle. The ITT vehicles depart when they are fully loaded or when a certain time limit is reached. A dedicated road for ITT vehicles will be constructed. 3-way crossings and crossings with rail or public road are located within the ITT network, where vehicles can be delayed. When vehicles arrive at their destination terminal, the terminal equipment unloads the vehicle (except for the ALV). For each terminal this is the same terminal equipment that is also used for loading the ITT vehicles. After unloading, the ITT vehicles are empty again and determine their next transport assignment. It is checked if there are containers waiting at the current terminal or another close terminal (using a predefined list of terminals), starting from the closest to the most far away terminal. If there are urgent containers waiting, the vehicle drives to that terminal (and takes non-urgent containers from the current terminal with that terminal as destination if possible). If there are no urgent containers waiting, all the terminals are checked to see if there are non-urgent containers waiting, starting from the closest terminal (the current terminal) to the most far away terminal. If non-urgent containers are found, the ITT vehicle drives to that terminal. If no containers are found, the ITT vehicle waits and repeats the process of searching containers. It is by far the most important task to deliver the containers on time. Therefore a minimum percentage of 95% on-time containers is used, to get a fair comparison between the ITT systems. The number of vehicles is changed as input, until the minimum number of needed vehicles is found to achieve 95% on-time containers. This minimum number of needed vehicles per ITT system per scenario is shown in Table 0 1. Table 0 1: Needed number of vehicles per ITT system per scenario to reach 95% on time containers AGV ALV MTS Low growth 34 AGVs 24 ALVs 14 MTS-trucks, 90 trailers High oil prices 39 AGVs 27 ALVs 16 MTS-trucks, 105 trailers European trend 53 AGVs 34 ALVs 20 MTS-trucks, 130 trailers The AGV needs clearly the highest number of vehicles, then the ALV, and t", "keywords": [ "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Computer science", "Environmental science", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e93ca2ce-a697-411e-8c28-1d5ee4aaf181" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7162297132", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.20382352", "title": "How 2 Cities Banned Cars From Their Centers", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-25", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Daniel Rosehill", "Gemini 3.1 (Flash)", "Chatterbox TTS" ], "first_author": "Daniel Rosehill", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "Episode summary: What happens when a city simply doesn't let cars drive through its center? Not congestion pricing, not low-emission zones — a full ban on private vehicles in the urban core. This episode examines Pontevedra, Spain (car-free since 1999) and Ghent, Belgium (2017), looking at how they handle emergency access, deliveries, and disabled residents. The results are counterintuitive: response times dropped, retail revenue rose 50%, and population grew. For American cities wondering if it's possible, the operational details are worth understanding. Show Notes This episode explores two European cities that have permanently removed private vehicles from their downtown cores — not through congestion pricing or partial restrictions, but through complete bans on through traffic. Pontevedra, Spain pedestrianized 65% of its urban area starting in 1999, while Ghent, Belgium implemented a \"circulation plan\" in 2017 dividing its center into six sectors that cars cannot cross between. The most surprising finding concerns emergency vehicles. In Pontevedra, response times actually improved after the ban — from roughly eight minutes to under six in the pedestrianized zone. Retractable bollards with RFID readers drop in eight seconds when an emergency vehicle approaches, which is faster than clearing traffic jams. Fire trucks can position anywhere without fighting parked cars. For deliveries, the city uses a time-window system (6-10 AM) and peripheral depots where electric cargo trikes handle final delivery — a system that outperforms box trucks in narrow streets anyway. Residents with disabilities receive permits allowing vehicle access at walking speed. The result: CO2 emissions dropped 70%, traffic accidents fell from 30 per year to zero, and population grew from 74,000 to 83,000. A University of Vigo study found a 50% increase in retail revenue in the pedestrian zone versus a 20% decline in nearby car-accessible areas. The episode argues that the infrastructure itself — rebuilt streets with embedded bollards and no curbs — makes the policy durable and irreversible. Listen online: https://myweirdprompts.com/episode/car-free-cities-success", "keywords": [ "Downtown", "Truck", "Revenue", "Population", "Traffic congestion", "Kilometer", "Clearing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20382352" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7162299780", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.20382351", "title": "How 2 Cities Banned Cars From Their Centers", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-25", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Daniel Rosehill", "Gemini 3.1 (Flash)", "Chatterbox TTS" ], "first_author": "Daniel Rosehill", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "Episode summary: What happens when a city simply doesn't let cars drive through its center? Not congestion pricing, not low-emission zones — a full ban on private vehicles in the urban core. This episode examines Pontevedra, Spain (car-free since 1999) and Ghent, Belgium (2017), looking at how they handle emergency access, deliveries, and disabled residents. The results are counterintuitive: response times dropped, retail revenue rose 50%, and population grew. For American cities wondering if it's possible, the operational details are worth understanding. Show Notes This episode explores two European cities that have permanently removed private vehicles from their downtown cores — not through congestion pricing or partial restrictions, but through complete bans on through traffic. Pontevedra, Spain pedestrianized 65% of its urban area starting in 1999, while Ghent, Belgium implemented a \"circulation plan\" in 2017 dividing its center into six sectors that cars cannot cross between. The most surprising finding concerns emergency vehicles. In Pontevedra, response times actually improved after the ban — from roughly eight minutes to under six in the pedestrianized zone. Retractable bollards with RFID readers drop in eight seconds when an emergency vehicle approaches, which is faster than clearing traffic jams. Fire trucks can position anywhere without fighting parked cars. For deliveries, the city uses a time-window system (6-10 AM) and peripheral depots where electric cargo trikes handle final delivery — a system that outperforms box trucks in narrow streets anyway. Residents with disabilities receive permits allowing vehicle access at walking speed. The result: CO2 emissions dropped 70%, traffic accidents fell from 30 per year to zero, and population grew from 74,000 to 83,000. A University of Vigo study found a 50% increase in retail revenue in the pedestrian zone versus a 20% decline in nearby car-accessible areas. The episode argues that the infrastructure itself — rebuilt streets with embedded bollards and no curbs — makes the policy durable and irreversible. Listen online: https://myweirdprompts.com/episode/car-free-cities-success", "keywords": [ "Downtown", "Truck", "Revenue", "Population", "Traffic congestion", "Kilometer", "Clearing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20382351" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7143357626", "doi": "10.1109/tits.2026.3673721", "title": "Enhancing Electric Vehicles Charging Service Through Mixed Charging: A Two-Stage Distributionally Robust Optimization Model", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-30", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Weiwen Zhou", "Yiyang Peng", "Zhuowei Wang", "Anthony Chen" ], "first_author": "Weiwen Zhou", "venue": "IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems", "publisher": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "abstract": "In response to the need for sustainable transportation, this study addresses the challenges of providing the charging service to fluctuating and geographically dispersed electric vehicles (EVs) charging demands. This work proposed a mixed EV charging system that incorporates mobile charging services to complement fixed charging stations. The overall coverage rate of charging services is enhanced under this charging system. To cope with the complexities of estimating the EV charging demands due to evolving adoption of EVs and uncertain external factors (e.g.,driver’s car use behaviors, fluctuations in electricity rates), a two-stage distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model is developed to determine the placement and capacity of fixed charging stations, the location of mobile depots, and the number of mobile trucks to deploy. Acase study on HongKong’s North District is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model by solving it using a decomposition algorithm, through which the computational complexity is significantly reduced by iteratively solving the first andsecond stage problems. This study demonstrates that the mixed charging strategy significantly improves coverage, even with limited data, and highlights how investment levels affect performance. The mixed system improved coverage by 20% compared to fixed only infrastructure under the budget of 90million HKD. Additionally, the case study shows an increase of average coverage rate as budget level increases, which offers insights into the investment levels required to achieve a specific coverage rate. The contributions include a novel mixed charging strategy and a two-stage DRO model, providing a robust and scalable framework to support EV charging infrastructure planning under uncertainty.", "keywords": [ "Robust optimization", "Robustness (evolution)", "Electric vehicle", "Service (business)", "Robust control", "Vehicle dynamics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2026.3673721" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3012408017", "doi": null, "title": "Analisis pola pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sampah rumah tangga di perumahan Bintaro Jaya, Tangerang", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-04-23", "type": "article", "language": "id", "authors": [ "Yufiwanda Marosaputra" ], "first_author": "Yufiwanda Marosaputra", "venue": "SKRIPSI-2008", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Perumahan Bintaro Jaya di Tangerang memiliki total pengembangan wilayah seluas 2.321 Ha dan terbagi menjadi 9 sektor dengan jumlah rumah sebanyak 9.672 unit pada tahun 2007. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi dan laju timbulan sampah rumah tangga di kawasan perumahan, mengevaluasi kondisi eksisting sistem pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga dan merencanakan pengangkutan dan pengumpulan sampah rumah tangga yang terpadu di perumahan Bintaro Jaya, Tangerang. Penentuan jumlah sampel ditentukan berdasarkan SNI 19-3964-1994 sedangkan untuk menghitung proyeksi jumlah penduduk dengan menggunakan metode Aritmatika karena memiliki standar deviasi lebih kecil sehingga ketepatannya lebih tinggi. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh timbulan sampah di perumahan Bintaro Jaya, Tangerang pada tahun 2007 sebesar 93,62 m3/hari dan laju timbulan sampah sebesar 9,68 liter/rumah/hari dengan komposisi sampah organik rata-rata sebesar 56,54 % dan sampah anorganik sebesar 43,46 %. Pola pengelolaan sampah yang saat ini diterapkan di perumahan Bintaro Jaya, Tangerang menggunakan pola individual langsung (door to door) yaitu langsung mendatangi tiap rumah dengan alat angkut berupa dump truck dengan kapasitas 6 m3 untuk memuat dan mengangkut sampah yang langsung dibuang ke Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Jelupang, Pondok Kacang dan TPA Cisauk, Tangerang. Pada perencanaan pengumpulan dan pengangkutan di Perumahan Bintaro Jaya dibedakan alat angkutnya berdasarkan komposisi sampahnya yaitu alat angkut truk sampah organik sebanyak 5 unit dan truk sampah anorganik sebanyak 4 unit. Pada perencanaan pengolahan sampah direncanakan pembangunan Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Organik berlokasi di TPA Jelupang, Pondok Kacang karena masih tersedianya lahan kosong dan jarak lokasinya yang lebih dekat dari perumahan Bintaro Jaya, Tangerang. Untuk pengolahan sampah anorganik yang dihasilkan dari perumahan Bintaro Jaya belum direncanakan karena sampah anorganik hanya dibawa ke TPA untuk dibuang atau diambil oleh pemulung untuk dijual kembali.", "keywords": [ "Physics", "Forestry", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://repository.trisakti.ac.id/usaktiana/index.php/home/detail/detail_koleksi/0/SKR/judul/00000000000000072928/0" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161835851", "doi": "10.3390/systems14050572", "title": "A Systems-Based Model of Platform-Enabled Freight Orchestration for Cross-Border E-Commerce Fulfillment", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-17", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shucheng Fan", "Shaochuan Fu" ], "first_author": "Shucheng Fan", "venue": "Systems", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Cross-border e-commerce fulfillment depends on coordinated inland container movements across factories, inland container depots (ICDs), and port gateways, yet many container trucking operations still follow synchronous one-truck-one-order execution. This study models the fulfillment network as a platform-enabled socio-technical transportation system in which the ICD acts as a digital–physical coordination node for spatiotemporal decoupling. A drop–buffer–pick task architecture is developed to represent direct execution, relay execution, and delayed dispatch, and a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model optimizes task assignment and tractor sequencing under loading-time, port cutoff, inventory, and working-time constraints. In the certified-optimal 10-order instance, gross positive cost decreases from CNY 27,540 to CNY 19,915 (−27.7%); after applying the same post hoc coordination-credit accounting rule, net total fulfillment cost decreases to CNY 18,734 (−32.0%). The 10 orders are served with five tractors under the tested platform configuration, compared with 10 tractors under the restricted benchmark. To address sustainability explicitly, the analysis also reports distance-based emissions and energy-use proxies; the proposed schedule lowers cost and fleet deployment but increases total mileage, showing that economic efficiency and emissions performance do not automatically move together. The evidence is a deterministic baseline for later stochastic, mixed import/export, and collaborative-platform extensions.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Software deployment", "Orchestration", "Port (circuit theory)", "Baseline (sea)", "Task (project management)", "Total cost of ownership", "Tractor" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14050572" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7122449440", "doi": "10.1108/imds-01-2026-997", "title": "Guest editorial: Emerging insights from synchromodality and co-modality research", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-12", "type": "editorial", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Xuan Yang", "Pengyu Yan", "Russell George Thompson", "Xiang T.R. Kong" ], "first_author": "Xuan Yang", "venue": "Industrial Management & Data Systems", "publisher": "Emerald Publishing Limited", "abstract": "Over the past decade, the global transport and logistics sector has undergone a rapid transformation driven by technological innovation, environmental imperatives and the pursuit of operational resilience. Advances in digital platforms, real-time data integration and algorithmic decision support have significantly enhanced the ability to coordinate flows across modes, enabling more flexible and demand-responsive operations (Kong et al., 2025). Within this evolving landscape, synchromodality and co-modality have emerged as two complementary paradigms redefining how multiple transport modes are jointly planned and utilised, supported by new digital infrastructures that allow dynamic switching and seamless multimodal orchestration.Synchromodality refers to the dynamic and real-time management of freight flows across interconnected modes – such as rail, road, barge and air – where shippers can switch between modes in response to operational or environmental conditions (Verweij, 2011). It represents an evolution beyond intermodal and co-modal transport, emphasising synchronisation, digital integration and decision flexibility (Haller et al., 2015; Tavasszy et al., 2017). In contrast, co-modality highlights the joint use of passenger and freight transport infrastructure, advocating for the optimal combination of services within a unified system to enhance both efficiency and sustainability (Zhu et al., 2023). While synchromodality prioritises real-time mode substitution and system-wide coordination, co-modality focuses on shared capacity and the cross-utilisation of transport assets for people and goods. Together, they offer a systemic response to contemporary challenges – congestion, emissions, the energy transition and urban accessibility – by promoting seamless, intelligent and resource-efficient mobility networks.This Special Issue of Exploring Synchromodality and Co-modality: Pathways to Sustainable and Efficient Transportation System, brings together interdisciplinary perspectives and emerging evidence on how digitalisation, optimisation, behavioural insight and governance mechanisms can advance integrated mobility. The collected studies highlight innovative modelling approaches, empirical validations and real-world applications that jointly illustrate how these paradigms can accelerate the transition toward sustainable, adaptive and data-driven transport systems. Beyond the operational layer, the contributions also underscore the socio-technical and institutional changes needed to foster logistics ecosystems capable of real-time responsiveness and cross-modal collaboration.From an academic standpoint, synchromodality has evolved from a classical multimodal concept into a supply-chain-centric framework where flexibility, cooperation and synchronisation form its core principles (Nobis, 2007; Rondinelli and Berry, 2000). Dong et al. (2018) reframed it as “Synchromodality from a Supply Chain Perspective,” arguing that a holistic view of logistics processes amplifies mode-shift potential without sacrificing cost or service levels. Pfoser et al. (2016) identified cooperation and transparency as decisive success factors, while Giusti et al. (2019) emphasised the pivotal role of orchestration platforms in enabling real-time decision-making. More recently, the emergence of digital logistics platforms has further strengthened this paradigm by facilitating decentralised yet coordinated decision-making, allowing multiple actors to align procurement, transport planning and service contracting through market-based or algorithmic mechanisms (Kong et al., 2023). Haller et al. (2015) and Sakti et al. (2023) likewise associated synchromodality with the vision of the Physical Internet, highlighting synchronisation as a foundation for adaptive, platform-driven and learning-based logistics.In parallel, co-modality research has followed a progressive trajectory – from conceptual framing to technological enablement, operational optimisation and stakeholder coordination. Early work by Trentini and Mahléné (2010) introduced the concept of passenger–goods cohabitation as a pathway to reduce economic and environmental externalities. Building on this foundation, Ronald et al. (2016) showed how ICT and on-demand mobility technologies make such integration practically feasible. More recent studies by Yang et al. (2023, 2024) developed crowdsourced and schedule-based co-modality models, demonstrating that synchronised passenger–freight systems can achieve cost-effective, low-emission urban distribution. Finally, Ma et al. (2023) examined cooperative and competitive interactions among operators through game-theoretical analysis, revealing how coordinated arrangements can yield Pareto-improving outcomes. Collectively, these studies trace a clear evolution from conceptual vision to intelligent and collaborative implementation, highlighting synchronisation, cooperation and digital intelligence as the core enablers of sustainable co-modality.Across the globe, synchromodality has found fertile ground in major logistics corridors and ports. In Europe, the Port of Rotterdam epitomises digitally orchestrated logistics through its Port Vision 2030 and integrated platforms such as Pronto, Navigate and Portmaster, which align maritime, barge, rail and truck operations (portofrotterdam.com). Similar ambitions are visible in the Horizon 2020 SYNCHRO-NET project (synchronet.eu), which merged cloud optimisation and smart-steaming technologies to improve both energy efficiency and network robustness. In the USA, the Georgia Ports Authority's Savannah model extends this philosophy inland: its Mason Mega Rail complex and associated hubs synchronise maritime and rail flows (gaports.com), while the Port of Los Angeles' “Port Optimizer™” platform links terminals, carriers, and shippers in a single digital environment, enabling proactive modal decisions (portoflosangeles.org). In China, the Western Land–Sea New Corridor and the Ningbo–Zhou", "keywords": [ "Flexibility (engineering)", "Sustainability", "Digital transformation", "Mode (computer interface)", "Big data", "Sustainable transport", "Efficient energy use", "Multimodal transport" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.emerald.com/imds/article-pdf/126/1/1/11181760/imds-01-2026-997en.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4391142726", "doi": "10.23887/jstundiksha.v12i3.67809", "title": "Vehicle Routing Problem as a Solution for Determining Goods Delivery Routes PT. Kreasi Beton Nusa Persada", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-22", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Dedy Juliandri Panjaitan", "Rima Aprilia", "Sarifah Anjeli" ], "first_author": "Dedy Juliandri Panjaitan", "venue": "JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi)", "publisher": "Ganesha University of Education", "abstract": "VRP distributions have had difficulty overcoming the problem of finding channels with minimal depots to locations that have different places with different total demand. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem of transportation routes in the distribution of products obtained from the initial location of distribution to users. This type of research is qualitative research. This research was conducted at PT. Nusa Persada Concrete Creations. The Nearest Neighbor method is used to determine the distribution of routes. The Local Search method is carried out to evaluate and improve the distribution of routes carried out at the beginning with the Nearest Neighbors method. The data analysis process consists of several stages with the Nearest Neighbor method and the LocalSearch method. The results of the study, namely the Model Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) applied in determining ready mix delivery routes at PT. Nusapersada Concrete Creation using nearest and local neighbor methods. Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) models using nearest and local neighbor methods can be used applied in determining ready mix delivery routes to limited companies. Nusapersada Concrete Creations. This makes distance and time more effective, as well as more cost efficient. New routes generated This is a route improvement solution that PT. The application of the Nusapersada Concrete Creations model results in a new route that reduces the distance closer, faster completion time, and fuel cost savings for truck vehicles compared to the initial route. This makes distance and time more effective, as well as more cost efficient.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v12i3.67809" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7114897507", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.17889937", "title": "Professional Auto Transport: Why Navi Auto Transport Is the Trusted Choice for Safe, Reliable Vehicle Shipping", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-11", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Sohaib Abbasi" ], "first_author": "Sohaib Abbasi", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "When you search for professional auto transport, you’re looking for more than just a carrier — you want a company that handles your vehicle with expertise, transparency, and care. Professional auto transport requires advanced logistics, skilled drivers, strong communication, and a commitment to safety from pickup to delivery. That’s exactly what Navi Auto Transport delivers. With nationwide operations, vetted drivers, transparent pricing, and cutting-edge tracking technology, Navi has become one of the most trusted professional auto transport companies in the United States. What Is Professional Auto Transport? Professional auto transport refers to the safe, insured, and regulated process of moving a vehicle using a licensed carrier. A professional service includes: FMCSA-licensed and insured drivers Door-to-door pickup and delivery Real-time tracking Professional inspection procedures Transparent pricing Skilled loading and unloading Open or enclosed shipping options Navi sets the standard for what professional auto transport should look like. Why Choose a Professional Auto Transport Company? Using a professional service ensures: Your vehicle is fully insured during transit Drivers follow federal safety regulations The transport process is efficient and organized Your car is handled by trained specialists Communication is clear and consistent This level of reliability is key whether you’re shipping a daily driver, a luxury car, or a high-value collectible. Why Navi Auto Transport Is a Leader in Professional Auto Transport 1. Nationwide Network of Licensed & Insured Carriers Navi works only with vetted professionals who meet strict standards: FMCSA operating authority Full cargo insurance Strong safety ratings Expertise with long-distance routes Professional equipment and loading techniques This guarantees safe, predictable transport every time. 2. Open & Enclosed Professional Transport Options🚚 Open Transport (Most Popular & Affordable) Ideal for standard vehicles, SUVs, and trucks. 🚛 Enclosed Transport (Premium Protection) Perfect for luxury, exotic, classic, or collectible vehicles. Navi’s specialists help customers choose the right professional method based on their needs and vehicle type. 3. Transparent, Honest Pricing Professional auto transport should never involve bait-and-switch quotes. Navi provides: Market-accurate prices No hidden fees No surprise charges Clear explanations of cost factors Customers appreciate knowing exactly what they’re paying for. 4. NAVI TRACK 360™ Real-Time Tracking Professional service includes professional communication. With Navi, customers receive: GPS tracking Real-time status updates ETA notifications Pickup and delivery alerts Direct access to support This modern tracking experience is one of Navi’s biggest advantages. 5. Door-to-Door Professional Delivery Professional transport means convenience. Navi handles: Pickup as close to your home as safely possible Delivery to your destination address Alternate meeting points for hard-to-access areas No terminals, no extra driving — just smooth door-to-door service. 6. Expert Handling & Inspection Procedures Professional auto transport includes: Pre-pickup inspection report Secure loading techniques Damage-free securement Careful unloading Final condition verification Navi emphasizes safe, expert handling on every shipment. How Professional Auto Transport Works With NaviStep 1 — Request a Quote Navi analyzes real-time carrier market data to provide accurate pricing. Step 2 — Book the Shipment A dedicated coordinator manages your order from start to finish. Step 3 — Carrier Assignment A vetted, insured professional carrier is selected for your route. Step 4 — Vehicle Pickup The driver performs a detailed inspection and loads your vehicle safely. Step 5 — Tracking & Delivery Updates With NAVI TRACK 360™, you stay informed throughout the journey. Step 6 — Final Delivery Your vehicle arrives safely at your destination with a final inspection. How Much Does Professional Auto Transport Cost? Typical nationwide price ranges: Short distance: $450–$750 Mid-distance: $700–$1,050 Long distance: $950–$1,500+ Coast-to-coast: $1,300–$1,900 Enclosed transport: +30%–60% Navi’s professional pricing model ensures real, market-based rates that carriers will accept. Who Uses Professional Auto Transport Services? Navi supports: Families moving long-distance Military personnel Snowbirds Dealerships and auctions Online car buyers College students Luxury and exotic car owners Corporate fleets Classic and collector car owners Whether you’re shipping one vehicle or multiple, Navi handles it professionally. Why Navi Is One of the Best Professional Auto Transport Companies in the U.S. Customers choose Navi because it provides: Nationwide coverage Fully insured, licensed carriers Advanced tech and real-time tracking Honest pricing 24/7 human + AI support Fast pickup & reliable delivery Strong communication A premium, stress-free experience Navi continues to raise the standard for professional vehicle transport nationwide. Final Thoughts: Choose Professional Auto Transport You Can Trust If you’re looking for professional auto transport, Navi Auto Transport delivers unmatched service, safety, and reliability. From quote to delivery, Navi handles every detail with expert care — making your shipping experience smooth, predictable, and worry-free.", "keywords": [ "Process (computing)", "Service (business)", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Key (lock)", "Service provider", "Transport network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17889937" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4409790768", "doi": "10.2172/2562140", "title": "National Zero-Emission Freight Corridor Strategy", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-09-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation and Fuels. Joint Office of Energy & Transportation (JOET)", "Kevin R. Miller", "USDOE", "Kang-Ching Chu", "Alex Schroeder", "Alycia Gilde", "Michael Laughlin" ], "first_author": "USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation and Fuels. Joint Office of Energy & Transportation (JOET)", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The United States has committed to decarbonizing freight transportation by advancing the deployment of commercial zero-emission medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (ZEMHDVs) and infrastructure. It is pursuing this goal by leveraging historic federal and private investments, policies, and partnerships. Through the U.S. National Blueprint for Transportation Decarbonization1 and the Global Memorandum of Understanding for Zero-Emission Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles,2 the United States has committed to identifying viable pathways and implementation actions that promote at least 30% ZE-MHDV sales by 2030, with a goal of 100% by 2040. These actions, along with the investments laid out in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act, put the nation on a path to advancing transportation and infrastructure solutions that are better for freight movement, our communities, the environment, and the economy. Providing ubiquitous and convenient access to electric vehicle (EV) charging and hydrogen refueling along our nation’s freight corridors, and at truck depots within freight hubs, is key to successfully deploying ZE-MHDVs. Consistent with its charge in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, 3 the Joint Office of Energy and Transportation (Joint Office), in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Transportation, and the Environmental Protection Agency, has developed the National Zero-Emission Freight Corridor Strategy (Strategy). The Strategy guides infrastructure deployment to meet growing market demands; catalyze public and private investment; and support utility and regulatory planning and action at local, state, and regional levels. This Strategy lays out an all-of-government approach to aligning investments and accelerating sustainable and scalable deployment of reliable ZE-MHDV infrastructure", "keywords": [ "Zero emission", "Zero (linguistics)", "Business", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Waste management", "Linguistics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2562140" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7114904399", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.17889938", "title": "Professional Auto Transport: Why Navi Auto Transport Is the Trusted Choice for Safe, Reliable Vehicle Shipping", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-11", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Sohaib Abbasi" ], "first_author": "Sohaib Abbasi", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "When you search for professional auto transport, you’re looking for more than just a carrier — you want a company that handles your vehicle with expertise, transparency, and care. Professional auto transport requires advanced logistics, skilled drivers, strong communication, and a commitment to safety from pickup to delivery. That’s exactly what Navi Auto Transport delivers. With nationwide operations, vetted drivers, transparent pricing, and cutting-edge tracking technology, Navi has become one of the most trusted professional auto transport companies in the United States. What Is Professional Auto Transport? Professional auto transport refers to the safe, insured, and regulated process of moving a vehicle using a licensed carrier. A professional service includes: FMCSA-licensed and insured drivers Door-to-door pickup and delivery Real-time tracking Professional inspection procedures Transparent pricing Skilled loading and unloading Open or enclosed shipping options Navi sets the standard for what professional auto transport should look like. Why Choose a Professional Auto Transport Company? Using a professional service ensures: Your vehicle is fully insured during transit Drivers follow federal safety regulations The transport process is efficient and organized Your car is handled by trained specialists Communication is clear and consistent This level of reliability is key whether you’re shipping a daily driver, a luxury car, or a high-value collectible. Why Navi Auto Transport Is a Leader in Professional Auto Transport 1. Nationwide Network of Licensed & Insured Carriers Navi works only with vetted professionals who meet strict standards: FMCSA operating authority Full cargo insurance Strong safety ratings Expertise with long-distance routes Professional equipment and loading techniques This guarantees safe, predictable transport every time. 2. Open & Enclosed Professional Transport Options🚚 Open Transport (Most Popular & Affordable) Ideal for standard vehicles, SUVs, and trucks. 🚛 Enclosed Transport (Premium Protection) Perfect for luxury, exotic, classic, or collectible vehicles. Navi’s specialists help customers choose the right professional method based on their needs and vehicle type. 3. Transparent, Honest Pricing Professional auto transport should never involve bait-and-switch quotes. Navi provides: Market-accurate prices No hidden fees No surprise charges Clear explanations of cost factors Customers appreciate knowing exactly what they’re paying for. 4. NAVI TRACK 360™ Real-Time Tracking Professional service includes professional communication. With Navi, customers receive: GPS tracking Real-time status updates ETA notifications Pickup and delivery alerts Direct access to support This modern tracking experience is one of Navi’s biggest advantages. 5. Door-to-Door Professional Delivery Professional transport means convenience. Navi handles: Pickup as close to your home as safely possible Delivery to your destination address Alternate meeting points for hard-to-access areas No terminals, no extra driving — just smooth door-to-door service. 6. Expert Handling & Inspection Procedures Professional auto transport includes: Pre-pickup inspection report Secure loading techniques Damage-free securement Careful unloading Final condition verification Navi emphasizes safe, expert handling on every shipment. How Professional Auto Transport Works With NaviStep 1 — Request a Quote Navi analyzes real-time carrier market data to provide accurate pricing. Step 2 — Book the Shipment A dedicated coordinator manages your order from start to finish. Step 3 — Carrier Assignment A vetted, insured professional carrier is selected for your route. Step 4 — Vehicle Pickup The driver performs a detailed inspection and loads your vehicle safely. Step 5 — Tracking & Delivery Updates With NAVI TRACK 360™, you stay informed throughout the journey. Step 6 — Final Delivery Your vehicle arrives safely at your destination with a final inspection. How Much Does Professional Auto Transport Cost? Typical nationwide price ranges: Short distance: $450–$750 Mid-distance: $700–$1,050 Long distance: $950–$1,500+ Coast-to-coast: $1,300–$1,900 Enclosed transport: +30%–60% Navi’s professional pricing model ensures real, market-based rates that carriers will accept. Who Uses Professional Auto Transport Services? Navi supports: Families moving long-distance Military personnel Snowbirds Dealerships and auctions Online car buyers College students Luxury and exotic car owners Corporate fleets Classic and collector car owners Whether you’re shipping one vehicle or multiple, Navi handles it professionally. Why Navi Is One of the Best Professional Auto Transport Companies in the U.S. Customers choose Navi because it provides: Nationwide coverage Fully insured, licensed carriers Advanced tech and real-time tracking Honest pricing 24/7 human + AI support Fast pickup & reliable delivery Strong communication A premium, stress-free experience Navi continues to raise the standard for professional vehicle transport nationwide. Final Thoughts: Choose Professional Auto Transport You Can Trust If you’re looking for professional auto transport, Navi Auto Transport delivers unmatched service, safety, and reliability. From quote to delivery, Navi handles every detail with expert care — making your shipping experience smooth, predictable, and worry-free.", "keywords": [ "Process (computing)", "Service (business)", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Key (lock)", "Service provider", "Transport network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17889938" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3184125610", "doi": null, "title": "Photographs relating to the World War II service of Alexander Knowles", "year": 1941, "publication_date": "1941-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alexander Hamilton Knowles" ], "first_author": "Alexander Hamilton Knowles", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Consists of images relating to Alexander Hamilton Knowles's army service during World War II between 1941 and 1944. Photographers are unidentified, but several images appear to be commercial tourist prints. Most of the photographs were probably taken by Knowles.\nThe majority of photographs are hand dated. Some also feature brief annotations giving locations or other details.\nMany images relate to Knowles's service as a truck driver, showing the depot at Maadi Camp, the other drivers and different kinds of work involved. This includes showing the loading and transportation of food supplies, firewood, bricks, armoured vehicles and other materials. Accidents, repair jobs and recreational breaks are also shown.\nOther images show street scenes and famous sights in Egypt, including in Cairo and Alexandria. There are also photographs of similar subjects in Syria, Lebanon and Palestine. One print shows Knowles's unit on leave in Rome, 1944.\nThree images record a visit to the grave of Eddie Sapsford at the El Alamein Cemetery.\nFor other images related to Knowles's army service, see PAColl-10169-2 and PA6-798. \nArrangement: Prints have been arranged by the Library into chronological order, as near as can be ascertained. Undated prints are placed at the end of this sequence. Two large format group portraits (originally numbered PAColl-10161-001 and PAColl-10161-002) are now at PAColl-10169-2. \nQuantity: 201 b&w original photographic print(s). 22 b&w copy photographic print(s). \nPhysical Description: Silver gelatin prints", "keywords": [ "Visual arts", "Negative", "Tourism", "Art history", "Art", "History", "Cartography", "Archaeology", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://natlib.govt.nz/records/32974474?search%5Bi%5D%5Bsubject_authority_id%5D=-25562&search%5Bpath%5D=items" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W336491778", "doi": null, "title": "Senior Officer Debriefing Report: US Army Support Command, Da Nang, Period 15 October 1969 to 27 Jul 1970", "year": 1970, "publication_date": "1970-07-27", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "H. D. Smith" ], "first_author": "H. D. Smith", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The supply system in Vietnam was considered to be most responsive. Material readiness rates in Vietnam across the board were very high. After shifting from parcel post (and thereby air transportation) to over-the-road movement of Class IX repair parts from the Army depot to outlying direct support units, as much as five days of shipping time were saved. This, in turn, impacted on the volume of supplies required in the system and also on the timeliness of repair of materiel which was deadlined. The increased utilization of the rail system between Da Nang and Phu Bai reduced the necessity for both over-the-road and sea transportation for low priority goods. Economies in the use of drayage transportation have already been effected by the thruput of Class I and Class IV commodities direct from the Deep Water Port to the ultimate customer. As Local Nationals can be trained in many of the logistical skills such as truck driving, key punch operation, food handling, warehousing, receiving, shipping, MHE operation, and so forth, Type A military units can be effectively changed to Type B units and ultimately can be reduced to TDA organizations that would include a minimum of US Army managerial personnel. Through the medium of Project Buddy, the command has been quite successful in providing on-the-job training and classes for the ARVN logistical personnel. Retrograde and disposal operations, while among the more important of the command's several missions, will continue to increase in importance as more and more troops are withdrawn from MR-I.", "keywords": [ "Officer", "Debriefing", "Operations management", "Truck", "Port (circuit theory)", "Business", "Aeronautics", "Operations research", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0512763" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3095908164", "doi": null, "title": "Global transport networks and infectious disease spread: A theoretical application of discrete choice model for decision making for trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jacob Oluwoye" ], "first_author": "Jacob Oluwoye", "venue": "Journal of Tropical Diseases", "publisher": "OMICS Publishing Group", "abstract": "Transportation deals with the movement of people and goods, using various means of locomotion (walking, bicycles, buses, trams, trains, ferries, taxis, motor cars, trucks, ships, aircraft, pipelines) on transport networks (roads, rails, waterways, airways) which have terminals (parking areas, depots, stations, ports and airports) and transfer points (bus stops, stations, goods yards). Disease-causing organisms can now move faster, further and in greater numbers than it before. In recent years, human trafficking has been identified as a form of modern slavery, as a threat to human security, and as one of the greatest human rights challenges of our time. Human trafficking may be a humanitarian drawback of a worldwide scale, however quantitative analysis on the problem barely exists and investigating and controlling infectious diseases is a complex enterprise that has long been assisted by mathematical modeling. Furthermore, the prevalence of human trafficking is difficult to measure; however, the number of international organizations has estimated that traffickers exploit a majority of human trafficking victims without moving them from one country to another. From the on top of discussions, one will try an act of enlisting and transportation of persons inside or across borders. HIV/AIDS programs area unit advanced as a result of the illness is advanced. It discrete-choice modeling of prevalence and predictors of HIV risk behaviors among trafficking victims for Commercial Sexual Exploitation (CSE). The paper concludes that the theoretical application may help policymakers to better target anti-trafficking efforts.", "keywords": [ "Taxis", "Train", "Exploit", "Transport engineering", "Truck", "Operations research", "Business", "Computer science", "Computer security", "Engineering", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.longdom.org/open-access/global-transport-networks-and-infectious-disease-spread-a-theoretical-application-of-discrete-choice-model-for-decision-.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204473241", "doi": "10.3390/drones10090654", "title": "A Four-Dimensional Planning Framework for Drone-Enabled Mobility Systems: Integrating Goods, Information, Sensing, and Human Mobility", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-27", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Lorenzo Brocchini", "Chenxi Wang", "Antonio Pratelli", "Dorothée Conte", "Alessandro Farina" ], "first_author": "Lorenzo Brocchini", "venue": "Drones", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly considered as enabling technologies for last-mile delivery, emergency medical response, and smart-city applications. However, drone-based logistics, emergency communication, sensing activities, and future aerial mobility are often addressed as separate research domains. This article proposes a four-dimensional planning framework for drone-enabled mobility, integrating goods, information, sensing, and human mobility within a unified conceptual structure. The framework is developed through a literature-informed conceptual analysis and previous applied research experiences related to drone-assisted logistics and emergency communication. Goods mobility includes parcel delivery, medical logistics, emergency supply transport, and hybrid operational models involving trucks, public transport, depots, and micro-hubs. Information mobility refers to the use of drones as mobile communication tools for emergency warnings, citizen interaction, drone-to-infrastructure communication, and infomobility services. Sensing mobility concerns traffic monitoring, environmental observation, disaster mapping, crowd monitoring, and infrastructure inspection. Human mobility is considered as an emerging extension related to urban air mobility (UAM), electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) systems, and low-altitude aerial corridors. Cross-cutting issues such as energy autonomy, solar-assisted drones, multimodal integration, safety, communication, regulation, sustainability, and public acceptance are discussed. The proposed framework provides a structured basis for assessing drones as components of sustainable, resilient, and multimodal mobility systems.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Conceptual framework", "Mobility model", "Emergency management", "Public transport", "Conceptual model", "Component (thermodynamics)", "Mobile device" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10090654" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2906791319", "doi": "10.13031/aim.20152189343", "title": "The Economic Argument for Fully Granulating Single Superphosphate", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-07-26", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Miles C. E. Grafton", "Lia A. Willis", "Ian James Yule", "Michael J. Manning" ], "first_author": "Miles C. E. Grafton", "venue": "2015 ASABE International Meeting", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract. Single superphosphate (SSP) is the most commonly used fertilizer in New Zealand. It has been the preferred fertilizer because New Zealand soils are deficient in both phosphorus and sulfur. Traditionally, perennial rye grass (Lolium perennecv) and white clover (Trifolium repenscv) pastures are cultivated to provide grass fed, meat, wool and dairy products. It also encourages nitrogen fixation and provides a good source of crude protein through white clover. SSP is produced in a continuous manufacturing process and granules form in a simple drum granulator. Particles range from fines less than 0.5mm in diameter to 7mm in diameter. Fines comprise, between 0.3% and 40% of product in sales depots. The product is brittle and is inclined to break up with handling; larger particles are stronger than smaller ones. Airplane and truck spreaders claim that they are unable to deliver SSP accurately due to variation in particle size distribution and have asked the manufacturers to granulate the product into a homogenous product with greater particle strength. This paper examines the costs of granulation by several methods and compares the cost of a granulated SSP to alternative fertilizers which can deliver the same nutrient. It also compares the added cost of fertilizer to the benefits of improved spread, in terms of accuracy. It concludes that fully granulated SSP is not economically viable as alternative products which can deliver the same nutrient that are already granulated would be a cheaper option. Granulating SSP would significantly reduce demand for the product.", "keywords": [ "Fertilizer", "Lolium perenne", "Raw material", "Agronomy", "Trifolium repens", "Environmental science", "Granulation", "Perennial plant", "Pulp and paper industry", "Agricultural engineering", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152189343" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4412881051", "doi": "10.59603/ppiman.v2i3.581", "title": "Transportation Process Of Container Goods From Container Freight Station To Container Yard at Port Of PT. Elang Sriwijaya Perkasa Palembang", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-07-31", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Gabriel Ferdinand Sitompul", "Meriah Kita Deliana", "Fadiyah Hani Sabila" ], "first_author": "Gabriel Ferdinand Sitompul", "venue": "PPIMAN Pusat Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Goods transportation is a medium and means of moving goods to their destination using the means of transport, and the unloading/unloading of the means of transport, whether carrying passengers or goods. The parties involved in transportation, one of which is sea cargo expedition (EMKL), is the business of handling documents and cargo that will be transported by ship or cargo that originates from ships that are transported and brought from the port container yard (CY) to the unloading warehouse/containeir freight station ( CFS) or carrying goods via container from the loading/freight container warehouse station (CFS) kei container yard (CY) port, PT. Elang Sriwijaya Perkasa Palembang is one of the companies that operates in the field of EIMKL (Sea Freight Transport Services) providing cargo transportation services, providing services for transporting goods via containers as well as loading and unloading. For this reason, the Sea Freight Shipping Company (EIMKL) is responsible for the safety of goods, delays in the arrival of goods, damage and loss of goods transported by trucks when they are transported out of the port container yard (CY), except for damage caused by the sender. on the item itself caused by several factors, whether weather, circumstances or when carrying out activities of stuffing or stripping goods into containers at the loading warehouse/containeir freight station (CFS). In this paper, the writing methods used are literature research and observational research at the source by carrying out activities in the field during field practice at PT. Elang Sriwijaya Perkasa Palembang and related agencies such as warehouses for loading stuffing goods, warehouses for unloading stripping goods, and container stacking yards/depots.", "keywords": [ "Container (type theory)", "Yard", "Business", "Port (circuit theory)", "Engineering", "Physics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ejournal-nipamof.id/index.php/PPIMAN/article/download/581/718" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415277686", "doi": "10.5505/pajes.2025.22378", "title": "Two-stage Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Assisted Pickup and Delivery Routing Problem", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Tolga Gedikli", "İsmail Karaoğlan" ], "first_author": "Tolga Gedikli", "venue": "Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences", "publisher": "Pamukkale University", "abstract": "Son dönemlerde insansız hava araçları (İHA) teknolojisinin lojistik süreçlerde kullanılma potansiyeli ve bu alanda yaşanan hızlı gelişmeler, İHA destekli rotalama problemlerini akademik ve endüstriyel açıdan önemli bir araştırma konusu haline getirmiştir.Bu makalede, iki aşamalı İHA destekli rotalama problemi ele alınmıştır.Bu problemde, toplam çalışma süresini en küçükleyecek şekilde, kendisine yüklenen ürünler ve İHA'lar ile depodan hareket eden bir kara aracının hangi mobil depolara uğrayacağı ve bu mobil depolardan serbest bırakılan İHA'lar aracılığıyla hangi müşterilere hizmet verileceği belirlenmektedir.Bu çalışmada iki farklı durum ele alınmıştır.Birinci durumda, müşterilerin sadece dağıtım müşterisi olduğu ve İHA'ların mobil depolarda bir veya birkaç kez kullanılabildiği iki varyasyon ele alınmıştır.Bu problemler için karma tamsayılı doğrusal programlama modelleri geliştirilmiş ve geliştirilen modellerin literatürde var olan modellerden daha kısa sürede optimum çözüme ulaştığı deneysel olarak kanıtlanmıştır.İkinci durumda ise müşterilerin ya dağıtım ya da toplama müşterisi olabildiği İki Aşamalı İnsansız Hava Aracı Destekli Topla-Dağıt Rotalama Problemi (2A-İTDRP) isimli yeni bir problem tanıtılmıştır.2A-İTDRP için bir İHA'nın bir mobil depodan bir veya birkaç kez kullanılabildiği iki varyasyon ele alınmış ve çözümü için karma tamsayılı doğrusal programlama modelleri önerilmiştir.Modeller, GAMS/CPLEX çözücüsü kullanılarak çözülmüş, önerilen matematiksel modellerin deneysel çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar ayrıntılı olarak raporlanmıştır.Recently, the potential of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) technology in logistics processes and the rapid developments in this field have made UAV-assisted routing problems an important focus.In this paper, a two-stage UAV-assisted routing problem is considered.In this problem, to minimize the completion time, a truck moving from a depot with loaded products and UAVs will determine which mobile depots to visit and which customers will be served by the UAV released from these mobile depots.In this study, two different cases are considered.In the first case, two variations are considered, where the customers are only delivery customers, and the UAVs can be used once or several times at the mobile depots.Mixed integer linear programming models are developed for these problems, and it is experimentally proven that the developed models reach the optimum solution in less time than the existing models in the literature.In the second case, a new problem called the \"Two-Stage Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Assisted Pickup and Delivery Routing Problem\" (2S-UAV-PDRP) is introduced where customers can be either pickup or delivery customers.For the 2A-ITDRP, two variations where a UAV can be used once or several times from a mobile depot are considered, and mixed integer linear programming models are proposed for its solution.The models are solved using the GAMS/CPLEX solver, experimental studies of the proposed mathematical models are performed, and the results are reported in detail.", "keywords": [ "Pickup", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Vehicle routing problem", "Remotely operated underwater vehicle" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://jag.journalagent.com/z4/download_fulltext.asp?pdir=pajes&plng=eng&un=PAJES-22378" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165394450", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.20512796", "title": "Dataset for E-Laas WP2 - Survey research results and simulation model (Deliverable D2.2, D2.3)", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-19", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Emilian Szczepański", "Mariusz Izdebski", "Roland Jachimowski", "Marianna Jacyna", "Michał Kłodawski", "Konrad Lewczuk", "Jakub Murawski", "Jan Paszkowski" ], "first_author": "Emilian Szczepański", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "The purpose of this dataset is: to enable the replication of the research results obtained from a discrete-event simulation of last-mile delivery systems, in which fleet composition and delivery organisation are evaluated in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions across seven distinct last-mile delivery modes; to provide empirical information from the perspectives of the main stakeholders involved in the organisation, execution, management, and use of urban delivery services. The presented dataset is an outcome of the work conducted within WP2 of the E-Laas project. The dataset was created as part of the E-Laas project (Energy optimal urban logistics As A Service).Project implemented as part of the call ERA-NET Cofund Urban Accessibility and Connectivity (ENUAC China Call) organized by JPI Urban Europe and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 875022. E-Laas project is carried out in an international consortium. Project coordinator in Europe: Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden), project coordinator in China: Shanghai University (China), consortium members: Tsinghua University (China), Warsaw University of Technology (Poland), cooperation partners: Stockholms stad, Trafikkontoret (Sweden), ParkUnload (Spain), Metropolis GZM (Poland), Shanghai Urban-Rural Construction and Transportation Department (China), Volvo Group Trucks Technology and Operations (Sweden).- The Chinese part of the project is funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China.- The Swedish part of the project is funded by Swedish Energy Agency.- The Polish part of the project is funded by the National Science Centre, Poland (project no. 2022/04/Y/ST8/00134). The value of the co-financing is PLN 878,107.00. Project duration 27/04/2023 - 26/04/2026 (36 months).", "keywords": [ "Work (physics)", "China", "Truck", "Baseline (sea)", "Duration (music)", "Research program", "Energy consumption", "Foundation (evidence)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20512796" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165389297", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.20512795", "title": "Dataset for E-Laas WP2 - Survey research results and simulation model (Deliverable D2.2, D2.3)", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-19", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Emilian Szczepański", "Mariusz Izdebski", "Roland Jachimowski", "Marianna Jacyna", "Michał Kłodawski", "Konrad Lewczuk", "Jakub Murawski", "Jan Paszkowski" ], "first_author": "Emilian Szczepański", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "The purpose of this dataset is: to enable the replication of the research results obtained from a discrete-event simulation of last-mile delivery systems, in which fleet composition and delivery organisation are evaluated in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions across seven distinct last-mile delivery modes; to provide empirical information from the perspectives of the main stakeholders involved in the organisation, execution, management, and use of urban delivery services. The presented dataset is an outcome of the work conducted within WP2 of the E-Laas project. The dataset was created as part of the E-Laas project (Energy optimal urban logistics As A Service).Project implemented as part of the call ERA-NET Cofund Urban Accessibility and Connectivity (ENUAC China Call) organized by JPI Urban Europe and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 875022. E-Laas project is carried out in an international consortium. Project coordinator in Europe: Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden), project coordinator in China: Shanghai University (China), consortium members: Tsinghua University (China), Warsaw University of Technology (Poland), cooperation partners: Stockholms stad, Trafikkontoret (Sweden), ParkUnload (Spain), Metropolis GZM (Poland), Shanghai Urban-Rural Construction and Transportation Department (China), Volvo Group Trucks Technology and Operations (Sweden).- The Chinese part of the project is funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China.- The Swedish part of the project is funded by Swedish Energy Agency.- The Polish part of the project is funded by the National Science Centre, Poland (project no. 2022/04/Y/ST8/00134). The value of the co-financing is PLN 878,107.00. Project duration 27/04/2023 - 26/04/2026 (36 months).", "keywords": [ "Work (physics)", "China", "Truck", "Baseline (sea)", "Duration (music)", "Research program", "Energy consumption", "Foundation (evidence)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20512795" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3089262799", "doi": "10.1093/ae/tmaa047", "title": "Daniel H. Janzen: Forever the Rebel", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Marlin E. Rice" ], "first_author": "Marlin E. Rice", "venue": "American Entomologist", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "abstract": "BORN 18 January 1939 Milwaukee, Wisconsin CURRENT POSITION DiMaura Professor of Conservation Biology Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania PUBLICATIONS AND BOOK CHAPTERS 572 45 in Nature, PNAS, and Science HIGHLY CITED PAPER “Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator.” PNAS 3,303 citations BOOKS Costa Rican Natural History and 100 Caterpillars: Portraits from the Tropical Forests of Costa Rica Plus four others FELLOW American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1990) American Philosophical Society (2007) MEMBER National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.) (1992) Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Costa Rica) (2002) Daniel H. Janzen is an entomologist and evolutionary ecologist internationally recognized for his research and conservation efforts in Costa Rica. Janzen and his wife, tropical ecologist Winifred “Winnie” Hallwachs, helped to establish Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. This 420,000-acre World Heritage Site of land and sea protects 2.6% of the world’s biodiversity and is widely recognized as a sphere for biological research, habitat restoration, and community outreach. Over the past 56 years, Janzen’s research has morphed from Victorian-style studies on coevolution of mutualism in Pseudomyrmex ants and swollen-thorn acacia trees, to investigations of the ecological interface between tropical biodiversity and its society. Collaborating with geneticist Paul Hebert in a DNA-barcoding initiative, they documented more than 45,000 species from ACG. This has led to the identification of many hundreds of cryptic species, including Lepidoptera, for which an initial species estimate jumped from 9,500 to more than 15,000 species. Janzen also serves as technical advisor (pro bono) at both Insituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) and ACG, where he and Winnie have trained 79 parataxonomists to conduct biodiversity projects, and he is president of the Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund. Leaving high school, Janzen volunteered for the U.S. Army Reserve, was assigned to the Military Police (1957–1960), and honorably discharged as a Specialist 4. He received a B.S. (Zoology, 1961) from the University of Minnesota and a Ph.D. (Entomology, Biological Control, and Botany, 1965) from the University of California, Berkeley. He has held faculty positions at the universities of Kansas, Michigan, Chicago, Puerto Rico, Universidad de Oriente (Venezuela), and Universidad de Los Andes (Venezuela). He has taught for the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS) in Costa Rica continuously since 1965, having been an OTS student in 1963 at the invitation of Jay Savage. Since 2000, he has been a Research Associate with the Smithsonian Institution. His groundbreaking research and conservation efforts have been acknowledged with numerous awards, most notably Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Crafoord Prize (1984), International Society of Chemical Ecology, Silver Medal (1994), Kyoto Prize (Biological Sciences) (1997), Albert Einstein World Award of Science (2002), Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Ecology & Conservation Biology (2011), and Blue Planet Prize (2014). This interview occurred in a Chinese restaurant on 19 November 2019 in St. Louis, Missouri. Janzen’s wife, Winnie (Ph.D., Cornell), an intellectual, logistical, and physical research partner, joined in the conversation. Janzen was 80 years old. Danny Janzen and his mother and sister celebrate being in Mexico on an adventure of collecting insects, 1953. The car is a Buick, a 1950 Super Sedan model. Minneapolis had this very nice, old, five-story building from the 1800s that was the public library and natural history museum. I “lived” in that library. That was fascinating to me. On the wall was a huge frame of mounted neotropical butterflies. I was goggle-eyed. I asked a curator, “What are those?” He said they are from South America. I had no idea where South America even was. This was in the old days when if you’d been out of Minnesota, that was—wow! Fourteen. I went home and walked in the house. My father was the Regional Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He said, “I have two months of federal leave, and if I don’t use it, I lose it.” And I can remember saying without any thought, “Let’s go to Mexico.” I didn’t even know where Mexico was. He said, “How can we afford it?” I had been selling vegetables door-to-door that he grew in his garden for pennies and dimes and quarters, and storing them under my bed for a year. Yeah. I said we could use all of that. Now, gasoline was 19 cents a gallon, so that money went a long way. My parents took me out of school for two months. It took four days to drive to Laredo, Texas, from Minneapolis. My father was just deathly curious about everything. My father was German, Russian, Mennonite, wheat farmer origin. My mother saw Mexico as an art object: pottery, fabrics. She was Irish, scatterbrained, very artistic. He described her as “my flower,” and she was very rebellious, so I’m a combination of those two. [Mexico] was very bold for his parents. They got AAA [American Automobile Association] trip maps to figure out their way. This was before the interstate highway system. So we spent two months driving all over Mexico collecting butterflies with no particular plan; we just followed roads all over the map. In those days, Mexico was crawling with insects; every gas station light covered with them, hotel lights, restaurant fronts, forests, everywhere was full of insects. I went nuts collecting. Down to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, where I saw my first howler monkey. But coming from Minnesota—monkeys! Wow! We came back, and we all liked it so much that we repeated it [during my] 10th grade. But this time we went to Chiapas, but there was no road into Guatemala. There was a train, and we put our car onto a flatcar, and the train took us into Guatemala. We drove all over Guatemala collecting butterflies. Agai", "keywords": [ "Art" ], "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmaa047" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7144175947", "doi": "10.57405/iges-14706", "title": "Building Inclusive Waste Systems: A Baseline Assessment of Cambodia's Informal Sector", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chettiyappan Visvanathan", "Lakshitha Chathuranga Paranagamage", "Premakumara Jagath Dickella Gamaralalage" ], "first_author": "Chettiyappan Visvanathan", "venue": "Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)", "publisher": "National Institute of Informatics", "abstract": "This report provides a baseline assessment of Cambodia’s informal waste sector, with a focus on Phnom Penh and Battambang. Informal waste workers, including street pickers, door-to-door collectors, pickers at landfills and junkshop operators, play a critical yet undervalued role in the country’s waste management system. They are responsible for a substantial amount of plastic and recyclable recovery, helping reduce environmental pollution and supporting low-incomelivelihoods. Despite this contribution, they continue to operate under conditions of legal invisibility, financial precarity and social marginalisation.Using a mixed-methods approach that combines field surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis, this study explores the operational realities, socioeconomic vulnerabilities, and institutional barriers faced by informal waste workers. The findings show that most collectors work without protective gear, formal recognition or access to social services. Women areoverrepresented in low-paid, labour-intensive roles and underrepresented in leadership and decisionmaking. Although only 10% of respondents reported direct child involvement, education disruption remains a significant concern.The collection capacity across Cambodia’s informal waste sector demonstrates significant disparity between individual collectors and junkshop operators. Survey results indicate that 49% of collectors collect less than 50 kg of recyclable materials per day, reflecting small-scale, labour-intensive operations. In contrast, high-volume junk shops, such as those operating in Phnom Penh, report handling up to 20,000 kg daily, underscoring the scale differences within the sector.Transportation methods play a critical role in shaping productivity. Collectors using trucks and motorised carts achieve considerably higher collection volumes— up to five or six times more than those relying on sacks or manual means. This variation highlights the importance of mobility and equipment access in determining efficiency and earning potential. Plastic waste emerged as the most dominant material in the collection stream, with 100% of survey respondents reporting the recovery of plastic. Among specific plastic types, PET is the most targeted, collected by 88% of informal collectors and78% of junkshop operators, driven by its widespread use and substantial resale value. The analysis highlights several structural challenges, including unsafe working conditions, exclusion from social protection systems, limited financial access,and fragmented legal and institutional frameworks. Informal workers are not included in municipal waste planning, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mechanisms, or national circular economy strategies. Many lack access to credit, secure workspaces, and supportive infrastructure. Data gaps further obscure their contributions and needs from policymakingprocesses.", "keywords": [ "Baseline (sea)", "Informal sector", "Work (physics)", "Focus group", "Precarity", "Truck", "Socioeconomic status", "Data collection" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www.iges.or.jp/en/pub/building-inclusive-waste-systems-baseline-assessment-cambodia-s-informal-sector/en" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2498051212", "doi": null, "title": "EVALUASI DAN PENGEMBANGAN TEKNIK OPERASIONAL PENGUMPULAN DAN PENGANGKUTAN SAMPAH DI KOTA PADANG", "year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-01-19", "type": "article", "language": "id", "authors": [ "Elfiandi Ibrahim" ], "first_author": "Elfiandi Ibrahim", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Sampah merupakan masalah yaiig rumit untuk dipecahkan. Timbulan sampah yang tidak ditangani dengan baik akan berdampak bagi lingkungan, terutaraa bagi kesehatan manusia. Dalam kegiatan pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sampah di Kota Padang masih banyak terdapat kekurangan. Belum disiplinnya petugas becak dalam pengumpulan sampah, menyebabkan banyaknya sampah berserakan di sekitar lokasi TPS. Kurangnya jumlah TPS, menyebabkan masyarakat menumpuk sampah di beberapa lokasi sepanjang jalan rute kendaraan. Hal ini selain mengurangi nilai estetika, juga memperlama waktu pengangkutan sampah ke TPA.\r\nTingkat pelayanan sampah Kota Padang yang baru mencapai 38 % dari total timbulan sampah, menunjukkan masih rendahnya kemampuan armada pengangkutan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, perlu adanya evaluasi terhadap teknik operasional pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sampah Kota Padang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara obsei-vasi lapangan, dalam teknik operasional pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sampah. Untuk mengetahui kemampuan dari becak,, meliputi waktu dan jarak dalam pengumpulan sampah/hari, diambil sampel sebanyak 4 unit becak sampah pada dua kelurahan. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui waktu dan jumlah trip/hari yang dapat dilakukan oleh truk sampah, diambil sampel sebanyak 4 unit Arm Roll Track dan 4 unit Dump Truck dengan mengikuti rute yang dilalui.\r\nHasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan becak dalam mengumpulkan sampah per-hari sebesar 2,2 m3. Sistem pengumpulan dari rumah ke rumah (door to door) oleh truk sampah dapat diganti dengan becak sampah menggunakan pola individual tidak langsung, sehingga waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengangkut sampah ke TPA lebih singkat. Dari hasil perhitungan setelah adanya perbaikan pola tersebut, diperoleh bahwa setiap truk sampah mampu menambah satu trip lagi setiap hari. Dengan jumlah armada yang ada, pelayanan dapat ditingkatkan dari 38 % menjadi 50 % dari total sampah Kota Padang. Untuk kelancaran operasional pengangkutan sampah pada masa mendatang, Pemerintah Kota Padang perlu menyiapkan armada pengganti untuk setiap kendaraan sampah yang habis masa pemakaiannya.", "keywords": [ "Physics", "Forestry", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://digilib.its.ac.id/ITS-Master-3100002016654/1566" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4285508729", "doi": "10.37129/2313-7509.2020.14.1.165-173", "title": "THE CONCEPT OF SAFE STORAGE OF ROCKETS AND AMMUNITION", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "М.М. Петрушенко", "О.М. Будур", "P. Bordian", "V. Bordian" ], "first_author": "М.М. Петрушенко", "venue": "Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Events of recent years, namely explosions at arsenals in Balakleya, Kharkiv region, Kalinovka, Vinnytsia region, field depots near Svatove, Luhansk region, p. Maloyanisol, Donetsk region, village StarayaMykolayivka, Donetsk region, point to an imperfect system of ammunition storage organization, including an imperfect method of determining safe distances between ammunition storage places, which leads to significant material and human losses. Therefore, the survivability of missile and ammunition storage facilities requires, first of all, a review of issues related to the safe distances between missile and ammunition storage sites, and new ways of protecting ammunition storage sites. The main task of arsenals, bases and warehouses for missiles and ammunition of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine is to ensure reliable storage and a high level of technical condition of stored missiles and ammunition, as well as their constant readiness to perform work at any time of day and under any circumstances. Theactivitiesofarsenals, bases and warehouses are always associated with increased risk, as these facilities are designed to store ammunition containing gunpowder and explosives. Closely related to the concept of security is the concept of survivability of arsenals, bases and ammunition depots – that is, their ability to perform their functions in a volume not lower than a given level for a certainperiodoftimeinemergencyconditions. The allowable risk depends on many factors, some of which are objective, such as the amount of explosive, its type, packaging of explosives and devices, their placement in storage or on sites (platforms, under canopies), distance, nature of the terrain and its contours etc. Other factors are more subjective – how receptive are the expected consequences of an explosive event or accident? For example, how many deaths, how many serious injuries, how many buildings were destroyed or damaged, how many destroyed munitions and other losses are allowed? Therefore, it is clearly important to know well the nature of the main danger, namely an explosion or fire, as well as the expected development of the accident: instantaneous, progressive, sudden, and so on. Standards have been developed for decades by explosives safety experts. Safe distances have been developed on the basis of analyzes and tests of a large number of explosives and data obtained from past emergencies. Potential explosion sites are sites such as buildings, stacks and vehicles (trucks, trailers and railway cars) that pose an obvious risk to personnel and property of arsenals, bases and warehouses. Such sites are located at carefully calculated distances from each other and from other buildings and institutions to ensure minimal risk to life and property (including ammunition). Keywords: arsenal, base, composition, gunpowder, explosive, security, ammunition.", "keywords": [ "Ammunition", "Survivability", "Explosive material", "Missile", "Stockpile", "Christian ministry", "Engineering", "Aeronautics", "Computer security", "Environmental science", "Computer science", "Aerospace engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2020.14.1.165-173" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2524566835", "doi": null, "title": "Environmental and social impact assessment for Uzynagash - Otar road section", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-02-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alexei Slenzak" ], "first_author": "Alexei Slenzak", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The development objective of the Western China Road Project for Kazakhstan involves the rehabilitation, upgrading and substantial new construction of a ca. 330 km long road section which traverses a variety of environments and landscapes. Negative impacts include: air pollution, noise pollution, water, drainage and flooding, soil and subsoil erosion and contamination, road safety, and wastage disposal. Mitigation measures include: ensuring that all construction vehicles and equipment are maintained in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations; ensure that the transport of all potentially dusty materials is done in covered trucks or the material is contained in secure bags; all vehicles and equipment by the use of foam, rubber and other soundproofing materials, as well as through the use of hoods with multilayer coatings; ensure that Contractors either have modern equipment that fulfill noise reduction norms, or that equipment is retrofitted to meet the required standards; all depots, special working areas, batching or mixing plants should be located at a distance from residential or any other sensitive areas; all workers exposed to vibration should be given special clothing, earplugs and given regular breaks; The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining all permits required for the use of surface and groundwater resources from the district and competent authorities; all surface water courses in all construction are to be protected by settling ponds and filters; all transport and haulage vehicles using the road, including construction traffic, should use dust protection tarpaulin or other suitable cover; Contractors will undertake careful spatial planning regarding designation of specific sites to be occupied by construction process proper or various facililities(i.e. batching plants, crushing plants, construction camps) to prevent impact on flora and fauna in the area of construction.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Noise pollution", "Berm", "Haulage", "Civil engineering", "Engineering", "Environmental science", "Transport engineering", "Rope" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://documents.albankaldawli.org/curated/ar/178311468042552222/Environmental-and-social-impact-assessment-for-Uzynagash-Otar-road-section" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2954923766", "doi": null, "title": "Mitigating post-impact energy release from liquid fuels", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-04-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Julia Ann Kornfield" ], "first_author": "Julia Ann Kornfield", "venue": "CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "abstract": "Impacts that target fuel depots, fuel tanker trucks or rail cars, or the fuel tanks of vehicles, in addn. to impacts that use a fully fueled vehicle as a weapon, inflict greater damage by rapidly releasing much of the energy content of the fuel. Here, high-performance polymers are used to inhibit misting of fuel following impact to mitigate fuel explosion/conflagration. The approach is complementary to strategies that modify materials of construction of vehicles or buildings. Polymers added to fuel can mitigate impact-induced damage even when it is not possible to retrofit existing equipment or structures. Mist control polymers are complementary to approaches that provide fire retardant when impact is detected. Mist control polymers dissolved in fuel function through their innate response to rapid elongational deformation and do not require sensors or control devices to activate their response. The present polymers overcome prior obstacles to mist control fuel additives: 1) they do not degrade during transport of fuel through pumps and pipelines; 2) they remain sol. at low temps. (down to the f.p. of kerosene); 3) they are compatible with necessary fuel processing (filtering and dewatering); and 4) they burn in unmodified engines without measurably affecting power output or fuel efficiency. This combination of attributes was guided by theor. predictions of the mol. structure and concn. range in which end-to-end assocn. of polymers could produce a significant population of supramols. having mol. wt. greater than 5 Mg/mol, referred to as \"megasupramols.\" This talk will summarize the theor. basis for the mol. design, the synthetic route to the polymers and characterization of their mol. structure, their rheol. properties in shear flow, and their performance in various fuel tests, including qual. observations regarding post impact misting, ignition and flame propagation.", "keywords": [ "Mist", "Truck", "Liquid fuel", "Fuel tank", "Environmental science", "Waste management", "Kerosene", "Range (aeronautics)", "Polymer", "Combustion", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/94096/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3008676697", "doi": "10.18664/1994-7852.187.2019.196351", "title": "DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE RELIABILITY OF THE BRAKE RIGGING OPERATION OF FREIGHT CAR BOGIES", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-10-29", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Vasyl Ravlyuk", "Mykola Ravliuk", "Vitalii Hrebeniuk", "Mariia Tkachuk" ], "first_author": "Vasyl Ravlyuk", "venue": "Collected scientific works of Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport", "publisher": "Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport", "abstract": "The article deals with the materials of the cycle of scientific theoretical researches, which unite the search for ways of solving the problem of slowing down the non-normative wear of the brake pads of freight cars of JSC \"Ukrzaliznytsia\". Based on the analysis of data on the economic costs associated with the replacement of worn pads of wagons, during repairs to the depot, it is determined that the main causes of abnormal wear of the pads are the structural disadvantages of the brake levers of the three-element carts of freight wagons, which lead to increased partial damage. The working surfaces of the pads, which takes place in many mechanical brake systems (up to 90 %) of freight cars of the operational park, both JSC \"Ukrzaliznytsia\" and private enterprises where there is a private park freight wagon.Experimental filming and the use of computational models of brake processes have identified \"weaknesses\" in brake levers. It is recognized that the work of one brake of triangel and the other differs because that they are structurally suspended in the frame of the trolley in different ways. It is determined that the attraction of one triangle of brake rigging differs from other in that they are suspended in the frame of the wagon differently. Moreover, these features are essential for the triangel, which is suspended by two rod-hinged devices. Therefore, in research has paid special attention to this.Quasi-dynamic models of braking processes have been developed and design solutions have been evaluated to improve the performance of the brake system of freight wagons.On the basis of the conducted researches it was decided to create an experimental series of modernized spacers of brake-lever triangles under conditions of a wagon-repairing enterprise. In order to carry out advanced testing on the network of JSC \"Ukrzaliznytsya\", it is proposed to install upgraded triangles on three-element trucks of freight wagons.", "keywords": [ "Bogie", "Brake", "Automotive engineering", "Frame (networking)", "Brake pad", "Engineering", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Work (physics)", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://csw.kart.edu.ua/article/download/196351/196594" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3123728579", "doi": null, "title": "Cooperation, Transportation and Globalization: A Critique of the Role of Maritime Transport in Era of Deglobalization", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-12-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Liz Lijun Zhao" ], "first_author": "Liz Lijun Zhao", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": "When trade stops, war starts. One of the most significant developments has been further growth in Asian demand, especially in China. Even though Trump administration pulled out from TPP and the Paris Climate Agreement as well as renegotiation of NAFTA, globalisation is an unstoppable tendency, according to the trade statistics covering the past centuries, no matter it is liked or not. In front of the growing voice of deglobalisation, there is an opportunity now to accelerate reform and focus more on the sustainability and quality of growth. China’s the One Belt One Road (OBOR or B&R) initiative is very important under today’s circumstances. The initiative mainly advocates an economic belt on land (railway transport and infrastructures) and a maritime silk road (maritime transport and port development). B&R puts a focus on implementing the WTO’s Trade Facilitation Agreement. This will call for trade law and policies to encourage the rebalancing the global economy toward trade in services and consumption. Transportation is essential in the globalization for all countries, and works as key in the OBOR. \r\nTransportation boosts trade in goods and contributes to the global economy as a cluster of service sectors. It includes carriage by air, by railway and trucks, and by sea. These are all covered by OBOR initiative, as well as airport services, highway and rail infrastructures, and marine ports. Now it is time the WTO reopen the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) negotiation on its maritime and air transport annexes. \r\nAfter studying both air and maritime transport, this research focuses on the latter. The current liability regimes of different transport modes are conflicting, and this will create problems because door-to-door transport and e-Commerce become widely used. Thus, this research will identify the WTO’s strength and roles in resolving these problems. This research focuses on the maritime transport, because it carries the critical majority of goods worldwide; but its results may shed light on air and road transport as well. This research seeks to analyze how the WTO may cooperate with the UN to unify seaborne cargo regimes. Beginning with the current dilemma of uniform maritime transport regime, the paper explores the relationship between the UN and the WTO. In light of the successful precedent of the incorporation the UN intellectual property regime into the WTO, this paper probes into the feasibility that the UN and the WTO may interactively unify a maritime transport regime by reference to selected previous treaties, which include UN-administrated treaties. The paper argues the WTO-based sea transport negotiations do not start from a zero basis so that it can be traced backwards to negotiating GATS. Having scrutinized the progress and regress in the negotiations so far under the WTO framework, this paper stresses the potential role of an annex on sea transport to GATS, which could be a cure for issues emerged in (de)gloablization.", "keywords": [ "Globalization", "International trade", "Port (circuit theory)", "China", "Trade facilitation", "Business", "Trade in services", "Goods and services", "Tourism", "Service (business)", "Economy", "Trade barrier" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3081513" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2964820937", "doi": null, "title": "Finding a New Center: A study of Neo-Industrial America", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Juliet Domine", "Virginia Paulk" ], "first_author": "Juliet Domine", "venue": "Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University)", "publisher": "Syracuse University", "abstract": "As a result of globalization, manufacturing in America moved overseas. The coasts, with greater access to international markets, have flourished, creating a distinct divide between the middle and the edge. Moving from the post-industrial era into the current age of the neo-industrial, revitalization of the middle can occur by introducing an industry utilizing previous skill sets. Therefore, the center of the United States can be made relevant again through the programmatic revitalization of post-industrial sites. In the post-industrial era, St. Louis has suffered from economic decline, unemployment spikes, and population decreases. Revitalizing forgotten industrial spaces with a new mode of production will provide an opportunity for economic expansion. Cannabis, consisting of both hemp and marijuana, is a growing industry that primarily exists on the edges of the country, stimulating economies and creating tax revenue. The project utilizes three sites in St. Louis because of the nature of the cannabis industry. Hemp is grown in rural areas (Defiance, MO) and marijuana is grown in greenhouses (St. Louis Place). An abandoned post-industrial building along the Mississippi River acts as a cannabis production factory, distribution center, and museum experience. Hemp seeds, stalks, and marijuana are imported into the freight depot from the growing sites. The seeds produce biofuels, animal feed, and CBD oil and the stalks produce thread, cloth, and finished garments. These products are exported across the country via truck, freight, and barge depending on the scale of production. The parti of the building is influenced by production process, distribution, and scale. The factory is integrated into the city by the museum experience that allows the public to view the production processes and the Mississippi, and to engage with the heritage of the site and the cannabis industry as an apparatus for revitalization.", "keywords": [ "Center (category theory)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://surface.syr.edu/architecture_theses/447" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3208981203", "doi": null, "title": "Interview with Reg Anderson", "year": 1995, "publication_date": "1995-09-27", "type": "editorial", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Reginald Scott Anderson" ], "first_author": "Reginald Scott Anderson", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "In this interview Reginald Scott Anderson who was born Loughton, Essex, England, gives family background - father was Rolls Royce trained mechanic who worked on Spitfires and Typhoon planes during the war. Recalls childhood memories of Epping Forest and London cockney slang (Accent). Describes: pastimes; depression; schooling and how school was used during World War II as clearing station during mustard attacks.\nRecalls leaving school at the age of 14 and working as driller in Browns Engineering at Loughton - refers to Myford Lathes and Murex machines. Joined Merchant Navy (1949) and recalls first visit to New Zealand when they brought cargo of ammunition for New Zealand Navy. Discusses National Service. Describes experience of transport trucks with reference to Austen Lodestar.\nImmigrated to New Zealand 1956 and was allocated to Wellington City Council as driver but turned down job - mentions old buses, 1936 Leyland Cubs. After a spell as a dustman, joined Wellington City Transport, Newtown Tram Depot as tram conductor, eventually training as bus driver in 1957. Compares with London buses. Mentions problems with gears on Wellington hills. Discusses working conditions of Wellington City Transport. \nVenue - Wellington\nAbstracted by - Elayne Robertson\nInterviewer(s) - Ian Robertson \nArrangement: Tape numbers - OHC-006356-006357 \nQuantity: 2 C60 cassette(s). 1 printed abstract(s). 1 interview(s). 2 Hours Duration. \nFinding Aids: Abstract Available - abstracting complete OHA-1469. \n4 photographs of Reg Anderson; two as a young man, on taken in 1992 and one in front of an Island Bay Express bus", "keywords": [ "Navy", "Slang", "Military service", "History", "Interview", "Stress (linguistics)", "Engineering", "Management", "Sociology", "Law", "Archaeology", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://natlib.govt.nz/records/35829614?search%5Bi%5D%5Bname_authority_id%5D=-133210&search%5Bpath%5D=items" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7117144749", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18032244", "title": "Synthetic electric vehicles time series for energy system modelling (as part of the SEDOS project)", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-19", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hedda Gardian", "Fabia Miorelli" ], "first_author": "Hedda Gardian", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "There are four kinds of time series included in the dataset in order to describe and limit the transport sectors dispatch for energy system modells: Name Type Unit demand_timeseries Fixed Normalized sum 1 sto_min_timeseries Lower Normalized between 0 and 1 as fraction of SOC sto_max_timeseries Upper Normalized between 0 and 1 as fraction of SOC availability_timeseries_fixed / availability_timeseries_max Fixed/Upper Normalized to maximum All vehicles have to serve a given demand profile (demand_timeseries) that describes the normalized fraction of the scalar annual demand (demand_annual) that is given in the tra_scalar table. For cars and trucks, this demand profile is a driving profile, as it is assumed that the refueling of the fuel vehicles is balanced across the fleet and takes place during the driving time. For the flexibly modeled e-vehicles, the driving profile specifies when the storage tank is discharged and is a boundary condition for optimization. Overhead line trains also have a driving profile as a demand time series, as the energy demand occurs at the same time as the vehicle is in motion. For all other vehicles (buses, ships, airplanes, special vehicles), however, a tank profile is specified, as it is assumed that the driving process is decoupled from the tank process in terms of time. The vehicles are refueled at the depot after the working day. Refueling is therefore more concentrated in the afternoon. The flexibly modelled vehicles (cars and trucks) are furthermore constrained. The SOC of the vehicle batteries are restricted by a band (sto_max_timeseries/sto_min_timeseries) that represents the maximum/minimum SOC that the fleet should be able to provide in order to fulfill user demands. The charging power of an electric vehicle is limited by the maximum output capacity of the wallbox when charging a single vehicle. It furthermore varies over time when considering a whole fleet since the number of vehicles connected to the grid is not constant during the day. To take this circumstance into account the maximum power a single car can be charges with is given exogeniously with the parameter capacity_p_unit, describing the maximum power of a wallbox. The percentage of the fleet that can charge with this maximum power at each point of time is represented by the time series availability_timeseries_max. In order to calculate the maximum power the fleet can charge at a certain point of time, the time normalized time series needs to be multiplied by capacity_p_unit (individual wallbox capacity) as well as with the vehicle number. As an exception, the inflexible charging vehicles (e.g. tra_road_mcar_inflex_uni) are not limited by a maximum charging capacity, but the charging capacity is specified by a fixed time series (availability_timeseries_fixed). There is no optimization intended. Otherwise, the principle is identical. All BEV-profiles are calculated with the DLR open source tool venco.py. Since the needed input data by the Mobility Panel MoP (individual trips) is restricted and not openly available, the data was recreated using a ML approach. This data set includes both the synthetic input data and the resulting time series.", "keywords": [ "Train", "Fraction (chemistry)", "Fuel efficiency", "Series (stratigraphy)", "Process (computing)", "Energy storage", "Energy (signal processing)", "Line (geometry)", "Scalar (mathematics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18032244" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W143077813", "doi": null, "title": "Alternative Chromate-Free Wash Primers", "year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Smith, Pauline", "Kestutis G. Chesonis", "Miller, Christopher", "John A. Escarsega" ], "first_author": "Smith, Pauline", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The purpose of the DOD-P-15328D wash primer is to enhance corrosion resistance, through the passivity of the metal surface. In the U.S. Army's Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC) System, the metal surface is coated with a wash primer, over-coated with an epoxy primer, and followed by a camouflage urethane topcoat. Several coating procedures specify the use of wash primer DOD-P-15328D as a surface treatment prior to the application of an epoxy primer/polyurethane topcoat CARC system. The current wash primer is low-solids, solvent-based polyvinyl butyral that contains phosphoric acid and zinc chromate to promote adhesion and minimize corrosion. This coating contains large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that impact coating operations due to air pollution regulations that may require the use of control devices to reduce the total VOC/HAP emissions to the atmosphere. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has evaluated new, water-reducible wash primers that do not contain hexavalent chromium and significantly minimize potential VOC and HAP emissions during coating operations. Coatings have been extensively tested for accelerated corrosion and adhesion and have completed 3 years of outdoor exposure testing. Tests are now required on military equipment to validate the lab and controlled testing previously completed. The ultimate objective of the process is to demonstrate that the low-VOC wash primers can provide a \"drop-in\" solution to the environmental issues associated with the solvent-based primer currently in use, providing equal or better performance, involving no significant changes to the application and stripping procedures currently used. The field demonstration of this coating was conducted at Letterkenny Army Depot facility, prepared on an Engagement Control Station Patriot truck unit.", "keywords": [ "Primer (cosmetics)", "Chromate conversion coating", "Coating", "Corrosion", "Hazardous substance", "Materials science", "Hazardous waste", "Pulp and paper industry", "Metallurgy", "Waste management", "Chemistry", "Nanotechnology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA464961" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4391663053", "doi": "10.1149/ma2023-02271424mtgabs", "title": "Towards Electrobiofuels: Economics and Environmental Impacts", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-12-22", "type": "conference-abstract", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Christopher M. Saffron" ], "first_author": "Christopher M. Saffron", "venue": "ECS Meeting Abstracts", "publisher": "Institute of Physics", "abstract": "Our changing climate necessitates a transition to biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels to power aviation, shipping, and long-haul trucks that service essential supply chains to deliver food, textiles, and other consumer goods including electronic devices. To accomplish this transition, renewable energy systems are needed that efficiently deconstruct biomass and superimpose non-carbon emitting electrical energy with bioenergy to increase output energy in liquid fuels. Fast pyrolysis and electrocatalytic hydrogenation (py-ECH) is a technology sequence that first converts biomass into a liquid, known as bio-oil, which is then electrocatalytically hydrogenated to stabilize its properties. Products formed after py-ECH include linear and branched polyols, tetrahydrofurans, and alkyl cyclohexanols. Evidence of lignin oligomer cleavage has also been observed, as has the subsequent appearance of monomeric cyclohexanols. Building on these encouraging results, the commercialization potential of py-ECH was determined by economic analysis and life cycle assessment. These analyses co-locate ECH after pyrolysis at decentralized biomass upgrading depots, with the aim of stabilizing pyrolysis bio-oil for subsequent transport to centralized hydroprocessing refineries. The results of these analyses suggest that electrocatalytic hydrogenation is the keystone technology for coupling non-carbon emitting electrical energy with biomass carbon to generate a greater amount of liquid fuel than otherwise possible. A pathway to liquid fuel less than $3 per gallon of hydrocarbon equivalent fuel can be established, especially if renewable electricity is provided at low cost. Finally, “electrobiofuels” can be made with negative net carbon emissions with well-managed agriculture, biochar soil amendment, and when renewable electricity powers ECH.", "keywords": [ "Economics", "Environmental science", "Natural resource economics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02271424mtgabs" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2621610592", "doi": null, "title": "Environmental and social impact assessment for Karaganda-Balkhash-Burylbaital road section", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jacques Bure" ], "first_author": "Jacques Bure", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The development objective of the Western China Road Project for Kazakhstan involves the rehabilitation, upgrading and substantial new construction of a ca. 330 km long road section which traverses a variety of environments and landscapes. Negative impacts include: air pollution, noise pollution, water, drainage and flooding, soil and subsoil erosion and contamination, road safety, and wastage disposal. Mitigation measures include: ensuring that all construction vehicles and equipment are maintained in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations; ensure that the transport of all potentially dusty materials is done in covered trucks or the material is contained in secure bags; all vehicles and equipment by the use of foam, rubber and other soundproofing materials, as well as through the use of hoods with multilayer coatings; ensure that Contractors either have modern equipment that fulfill noise reduction norms, or that equipment is retrofitted to meet the required standards; all depots, special working areas, batching or mixing plants should be located at a distance from residential or any other sensitive areas; all workers exposed to vibration should be given special clothing, earplugs and given regular breaks; The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining all permits required for the use of surface and groundwater resources from the district and competent authorities; all surface water courses in all construction are to be protected by settling ponds and filters; all transport and haulage vehicles using the road, including construction traffic, should use dust protection tarpaulin or other suitable cover; Contractors will undertake careful spatial planning regarding designation of specific sites to be occupied by construction process proper or various facililities(i.e. batching plants, crushing plants, construction camps) to prevent impact on flora and fauna in the area of construction.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Noise pollution", "Civil engineering", "Engineering", "Road surface", "Haulage", "Environmental science", "Transport engineering", "Rope" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://documents.vsemirnyjbank.org/curated/ru/416141496351930317/Environmental-and-social-impact-assessment-for-Karaganda-Balkhash-Burylbaital-road-section" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7126958402", "doi": null, "title": "The State of Zero-Emissions Delivery in the U.S.", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-25", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Kelly Rula", "Lynn Schnaiberg", "Thomas Maxner", "Hesam Shafiei Nia", "Anne Goodchild" ], "first_author": "Kelly Rula", "venue": "ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)", "publisher": "University of Washington", "abstract": "We have seen major changes in the last few years as cities and companies in the United States transition to more environmentally sustainable urban delivery. But progress still remains piecemeal and slow. In both policy and practice on city streets, Europe and parts of Asia are far ahead of the U.S. in advancing electrification, shifting away from traditional trucks to smaller forms like e-bikes, and managing city space to induce or support zero emission delivery (ZED). This paper captures the state of policy and practice of zero emission delivery in the U.S. as of January 2025. It offers a baseline for future work and surfaces levers U.S. cities can consider using to advance ZED. In this report, researchers from the Urban Freight Lab at the University of Washington created a policy and practice framework based on their expertise, review and synthesis of academic literature, current technology and private sector achievements. Via the framework, the research team identifies a three-legged stool of approaches needed to achieve or advance zero emission delivery in the United States. These three vital areas for progress on ZED are: Electrification Mode Shift and Behavior Change, and Real Estate and Space Management For some, these three key building blocks and the myriad elements discussed in this report may not have been linked as levers to catalyze ZED. The report is divided into three sections, one for each of the key areas above. Each area has an overview of the current state of practice and associated trends, followed by both public sector-led and private-sector-led examples of the approach under discussion. All examples focus on real-world implementation (both domestic and international), showcasing ZED and/or providing a realistic pathway to advance ZED. And all examples focus a lens squarely on cities. In the process of compiling this summary of the state of practice of ZED, the research team synthesized key takeaways for cities to consider in Electrification, Mode Shift and Behavior Change, and Real Estate and Space Management.", "keywords": [ "Electrification", "Work (physics)", "Real estate", "Baseline (sea)", "Space (punctuation)", "Private sector", "State (computer science)", "Estate" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/1773/54468" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7151615504", "doi": "10.15488/18631", "title": "Information systems and decision support for sustainable urban transport, energy systems, and emerging methods in research and practice", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Maximilian Heumann" ], "first_author": "Maximilian Heumann", "venue": "Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universität Hannover (Leibniz Universität Hannover)", "publisher": "Leibniz University Hannover", "abstract": "The dissertation follows a multi-level research approach based on design science principles and integrates different methods to generate insights and develop decision support functions to promote sustainable urban development in the fields of mobility, energy and logistics. The approaches include spatial data analysis, optimization modelling, machine learning, text mining and the development of decision support systems (DSS). Some of the methods used are: Spatial data analysis and geographic information systems (GIS): These methods are used to analyze e-scooter usage patterns, determine the optimal placement of wind turbines, and study the factors that influence the adoption of residential solar systems. Optimization modeling: The dissertation presents optimization models to support strategic and operational decisions in different contexts. For example, optimization models are used to optimize the logistics chain for urban deliveries, support decision making for operators of aging wind turbines, and optimize a smart logistics concept for e-food operations. Data mining and supervised and unsupervised learning: Machine learning and data mining techniques are used to gain insights from unstructured data. For example, web content mining, natural language preocessing, and topic modeling is used to analyze causes of escooter accidents. Semantic analysis and topic modeling is applied to social media data and scientific articles to understand the perception and discourse on large language models such as ChatGPT. Also clustering and regression methods are applied on spatial data and taxonomy-based data. Delphi study: A Delphi study is conducted to gain expert knowledge and validate simulation results in the context of sustainable logistics scenarios. The core findings can be divided into three main thematic areas: Sustainable urban transportation and mobility: in the field of urban logistics, a decision support system (DSS) is developed to help decision makers evaluate and compare different urban logistics scenarios to enable informed and environmentally conscious decisions in the design of urban and rural logistics networks. This DSS quantifies the trade-offs between cost efficiency and sustainability, helping practitioners to manage the complexity of green logistics in urban and rural environments. • Evidence shows that establishing shared freight consolidation centers outside city centers with micro-depots near city cores can reduce truck traffic and fuel consumption. • Shared micromobility research shows spatiotemporal e-scooter usage patterns, accident causes, and factors affecting shared e-scooter, bicycle, and e-moped usage. Sustainable energy systems: The dissertation focuses on the management of wind turbines and residential solar systems. • GIS frameworks are created to support decision making for aging wind turbines, analyze economic viability and regulatory challenges. The results provide important insights for the end-of-funding analysis of wind power plants, whereby a prompt repowering one to two years after the end of a subsidy can generally be suggested. The factors influencing the adoption and pricing of residential solar systems in Germany are examined, revealing significant spatial solar system price differences in Germany and a significant positive relationship is between green voters and plug-in solar system adoption. Emerging technologies and methods in the IS domain: The dissertation also examines the applications of advanced methods and technologies in IS research and practice. • Taxonomy-based data clustering methods are investigated to gain insights providing guidelines for their application. • The social and scientific perception of large language models, especially generative, pre-trained, transformer-based chatbots, is analyzed uncovering potential areas for improvement providing guidance for future research and development in the field of conversational artificial intelligence. Encountered limitations highlight the importance of transparency in the assumptions, scalability, integration with existing IT infrastructures, and evaluation of DSS.", "keywords": [ "Decision support system", "Delphi method", "Geographic information system", "Cluster analysis", "Context (archaeology)", "Information system", "Sustainable development", "Big data", "Intelligent decision support system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/18775" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3104692692", "doi": "10.37628/.v2i2.556", "title": "Transportation Management: Challenges and Opportunities", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Pedram Saremi" ], "first_author": "Pedram Saremi", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "One of the major challenges facing metropolises today is the problem of urban transportation. The lack of strategic planning for urban transport systems, in addition to duplicating joint ventures in community infrastructure, also causes inconsistency between these systems, and may create numerous problems in Connect subsystems to each other. One of the most important concerns of metropolitan management is transportation management, in this regard, the context of sustainable transport development in the city can be the most effective tool to guide urban development, shape the environment and improve the quality of urban life. To address the issue of transport management, first, have to well understand the concept, the modes, and the segments of transportation, i.e. nature, manner, circumstance of transportation issue, so that can be able to make a management decision about each of those concepts and sections. This is the most basic concept in transportation management. Transportation means moving people, animals and goods from one place to another. Transportation occurs in various modes including air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipeline and space. This field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations. Transportation is important, because it makes possible for people to trade and it is essential for the development of civilizations. Transportation infrastructure include fixed installation like roads, airways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, transportation terminals and Refueling depot (refueling and fuel stations) and port stations) and port can be used. Terminals can be used for passenger transport, cargo transportation and Repair & maintenance. Amongst the Travel vehicles on these networks can be include cars, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters, ships, space shields and Aircraft. This also must be known that in the transportation industry, infrastructure operations and ownership can be public or private. Of course, depending on the country, it is clear that this type of ownership also plays a crucial role in transport management.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Port (circuit theory)", "Transportation planning", "Context (archaeology)", "Metropolitan area", "Business", "Environmental planning", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://architecture.journalspub.info/index.php?journal=ijud&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=556" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7131266506", "doi": "10.36349/easms.2026.v09i01.005", "title": "Development Statistical Framework for Understanding the Probability of using a Health Facility based on Various Transportation Factors Affecting Maternal Healthcare Services", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-24", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "JO Oluwoye" ], "first_author": "JO Oluwoye", "venue": "East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Transportation deals with the movement of people and goods, using various means of locomotion (walking, bicycles, buses, trams, trains, ferries, taxis, motor cars, trucks, ships, aircraft, pipelines) on transport networks (roads, rails, waterways, airways) which have terminals (parking areas, depots, stations, ports and airports) and transfer points (bus stops, stations, goods yards). Most countries of the world seek to achieve equality in health needs of their growing population especially in the rural areas who are often at disadvantage for majority of the experienced health workers would be willing to live and work in the most populous part of the economy. Maternal mortality rate is highest in rural areas and poorer communities of the world. This paper is the first attempt to proposes a conceptual framework and describe the theoretical applied discrete-choice modeling of the probability of a specific event occurring based on various influencing factors affecting maternal healthcare services. The review of literature reveals that a large percentage of women in the rural areas assumed pregnancy and childbearing to be death zone for them due to inability to have free access and affordable means of transporting themselves to health centers and hospitals that will provide them with adequate medical care. Need to travel over a long distance to access maternity health services is one of the issues with high maternal mortality rate for the available means of transportation in such areas is always with high cost. The present study takes the approach of proposing a theoretical framework which can be applied to practical situations in address transport needs and challenges in maternal healthcare services by reviewing available literature. Such research approach is common, particularly when existing knowledge in the particular area is still somewhat narrow. The present study, hence, contributes to the advancement of the literature on transportation needs for the nonmetropoli", "keywords": [ "Disadvantage", "Work (physics)", "Health care", "Rural area", "Population", "Maternal health", "Conceptual framework", "Health facility" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.36349/easms.2026.v09i01.005" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7214066241", "doi": "10.7759/s44389-026-00290-w", "title": "Toward Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Disaster Relief Resource Allocation: An Equity-Aware Multi-Agent Negotiation Framework", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-23", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Khushvir Singh" ], "first_author": "Khushvir Singh", "venue": "Cureus Journal of Computer Science.", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": "Disasters routinely outpace the teams responding to them, and the resource allocation problem at the centre of that response is genuinely hard: scarce medical supplies, food, and shelter must be split across sites that differ in severity, reachable only through a road network that can fail mid-response, and that compete for the same trucks and warehouses.Most multi-agent frameworks in the recent agentic-artificial intelligence literature either compare orchestration tools qualitatively or describe a vision-level architecture without reporting how well the resulting allocation performs.We build a disaster relief resource-allocation environment structured after a published benchmark task for disaster relief under uncertainty and implement a four-agent negotiation framework: a Triage Agent that scores urgency, an Equity Agent that watches for sites falling behind, a Logistics Agent that turns those signals into vehicle dispatches, and a Disruption Agent that reacts to road closures or depot loss; each agent's logic is a simple, auditable rule rather than a large language model (LLM) call, a deliberate design choice we justify and revisit in the discussion.We compare this framework against random, round-robin, and greedy-priority baselines over 90 scenario instances, scored on six standard multi-agent planning metrics.The proposed framework raises goal satisfaction by 44.3% over the strongest baseline (Welch's t = 11.58,p < 0.001) and shows similarly large gains in resource utilisation and disruption recovery, while trading away some of the greedy method's strict severity-first ordering, a trade-off we discuss rather than hide.We close with the limitations of a heuristic-driven simulation and a concrete path toward grounding the agents' decision rules in LLM reasoning for field deployment.", "keywords": [ "Negotiation", "Resource (disambiguation)", "Emergency management", "Resource allocation", "Resource management (computing)", "Work (physics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://assets.cureusjournals.com/artifacts/upload/original_article/pdf/21030/CureusJournals_2103020260923-125190-35nv82.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7202252708", "doi": "10.26153/tsw/64420", "title": "Autonomous delivery robots for off-peak-hour urban freight: integration strategies for complex urban environments", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": null, "authors": [ "Huihai Wang" ], "first_author": "Huihai Wang", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Last-mile delivery challenges impose substantial burdens on urban transportation systems, including increased traffic congestion, higher emissions, and heightened safety risks. Various mitigation strategies have been proposed and examined, such as micromobility-based delivery, urban microhubs, and off-peak-hour delivery operations. Although these approaches offer potential benefits, significant barriers continue to limit their widespread implementation. For example, microhub deployment in densely populated urban areas raises safety and space-allocation concerns, while off-peak-hour delivery strategies may introduce noise disturbances and increase labor costs. The emergence of Autonomous Delivery Robots (ADRs) presents new opportunities for transforming urban freight systems. Integrating ADRs into off-peak-hour delivery operations has the potential to alleviate daytime transportation pressures by reducing competition for roadway resources and better utilizing underused nighttime infrastructure. However, due to the early stage of ADR deployment and limited empirical studies, research in this area remains insufficient. This dissertation investigates how off-peak-hour ADR delivery can be effectively integrated into complex urban transportation systems. First, it evaluates the operational benefits and system-level performance of ADR-assisted delivery under varying urban conditions. Second, it develops an urban readiness evaluation framework and a corresponding indicator by leveraging urban big data and artificial intelligence techniques. Third, it constructs an Autonomous Delivery Robot Knowledge Graph (ADRKG) to integrate heterogeneous urban information, providing planners and delivery companies with a standardized framework for information management and retrieval. The results indicate that ADR-assisted delivery can reduce average daily operational costs by up to 47% compared with conventional truck-based delivery systems. In addition, the proposed readiness evaluation framework offers actionable insights for government agencies, delivery operators, and robot engineers regarding infrastructure planning, robot system design, and deployment feasibility. The ADRKG further establishes a structured foundation for system integration, future expansion, and continued research on intelligent urban delivery operations.", "keywords": [ "Software deployment", "Government (linguistics)", "Delivery Performance", "Urban planning", "Delivery system", "Smart city" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/64420" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7115022322", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.17905359", "title": "How Road Transportation Can Boost Local Economies: A Model Based on Portugal, Brazil, and the United States", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-12", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Velten de Souza, Leonardo" ], "first_author": "Velten de Souza, Leonardo", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "How Road Transportation Can Boost Local Economies: A Model Based on Portugal, Brazil, and the United States By Leonardo Velten de Souza Abstract Road transportation plays a foundational role in the economies of several countries, particularly those that rely on extensive and high-capillarity logistics networks. This article examines how the sector drives local economic growth through job creation, territorial integration, investment attraction, and commercial expansion. Using three distinct contexts—Portugal, Brazil, and the United States—as reference points, the study presents a comparative model that demonstrates the direct and indirect impacts of road logistics on regional socioeconomic development. Drawing from real experiences in fleet management, the expansion of family-owned businesses, and the creation of hybrid networks (long-haul + last mile), the analysis shows how the sector can serve as a catalyst for economic, social, and productive transformation. Keywords: local economy, road transportation, logistics, Portugal, Brazil, United States, regional development, labor market. Introduction Among all transportation modes, road transportation remains the most representative in terms of its contribution to the global logistics GDP. In Brazil, it accounts for roughly 65% of all cargo movement; in Portugal, it serves as the primary link between regions and urban centers; and in the United States, it represents the backbone of interstate distribution, connecting small towns to large consumer hubs. Though these three contexts differ in geographic scale, economic maturity, and population density, they share one essential characteristic: local economies tend to strengthen significantly when supported by a structured, efficient, market-oriented road transport system. Road transport is not merely a mechanism for moving goods; it is a vector of territorial development. It directly influences job creation, income circulation, regional competitiveness, and the attraction of investment. Wherever there is a road, there is economic flow. And wherever there is flow, opportunities emerge—for entrepreneurship, innovation, and the consolidation of productive chains. Understanding the social and economic impact of road transportation, therefore, means understanding one of the most concrete pillars of contemporary regional development. In recent years, technological advances, new business models, the internationalization of routes, and the professionalization of logistics management have profoundly transformed the sector. Small and medium-sized companies—especially independent operators, self-employed drivers, and family-owned businesses—have played an essential role in this evolution, expanding their operations and shaping new market dynamics. In countries such as Brazil, Portugal, and the United States, these actors represent a significant portion of the operational network, sustaining supply chains that serve everything from local supermarkets to major global corporations. This article investigates how road transportation can stimulate local economies based on four fundamental pillars: • Direct and indirect job creation, influencing professional training, social stability, and immigrant inclusion.• Reduction of logistics costs and increased competitiveness, particularly in regions dependent on road transport for agricultural, industrial, and consumer goods distribution.• Territorial integration and expanded access to markets, enabling the flow of goods, services, and opportunities to rural, peripheral, or economically vulnerable areas.• Promotion of regional entrepreneurship and innovation, including digitalization, new technologies, hybrid distribution models, and resilience strategies during crises. The analysis is grounded in conceptual references, sector data, and practical experiences, particularly from family-run logistics operations, emerging companies, and independent operators that—across Brazil, Portugal, and the United States—play a quiet but decisive role in strengthening local economies. Methodology The methodology combines three complementary approaches: 1. Transnational Case Studies Real-world logistics and road transport operations were analyzed in: Portugal: rapid expansion of family-owned companies from one to over thirty trucks, with significant impact on the Iberian market.Brazil: pharmaceutical distribution, regional operations, and mechanisms supporting small producers.United States: immigrant entrepreneurship, light-duty trucking, rental fleets, and regional logistics. 2. Comparative Analysis The countries were compared to identify common factors supporting economic growth, such as worker formalization, municipal integration, and access to supply chains. 3. Thematic Review Central themes in economic development related to logistics were organized, including: • Employability• Infrastructure• Technological innovation• Short distribution chains• Social impacts This mixed-methods approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of macroeconomic trends and local social effects. Development 1. Socioeconomic Impact of Road Transportation 1.1. Direct Job Creation Road transportation is one of the economic activities with the greatest capacity to absorb labor across different skill levels. Drivers, mechanics, automotive electricians, logistics operators, routing analysts, supervisors, fleet managers, transportation engineers, administrative staff, and compliance and safety specialists all play critical roles in the sector. Though the demand for technical qualifications is growing, it remains accessible, enabling the entry of new workers and stimulating regional development. In Portugal, medium-sized companies often employ thirty to fifty workers, many of them immigrants—especially Brazilians—seeking reintegration into the labor market. Employment in transportation not only provides income but also facilitates migration regularization and family reunification, directly impacting local", "keywords": [ "Investment (military)", "Population", "Transportation infrastructure", "Socioeconomic status", "Transportation planning", "Transport network", "Population growth" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17905359" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7115020967", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.17905360", "title": "How Road Transportation Can Boost Local Economies: A Model Based on Portugal, Brazil, and the United States", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-12", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Velten de Souza, Leonardo" ], "first_author": "Velten de Souza, Leonardo", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "How Road Transportation Can Boost Local Economies: A Model Based on Portugal, Brazil, and the United States By Leonardo Velten de Souza Abstract Road transportation plays a foundational role in the economies of several countries, particularly those that rely on extensive and high-capillarity logistics networks. This article examines how the sector drives local economic growth through job creation, territorial integration, investment attraction, and commercial expansion. Using three distinct contexts—Portugal, Brazil, and the United States—as reference points, the study presents a comparative model that demonstrates the direct and indirect impacts of road logistics on regional socioeconomic development. Drawing from real experiences in fleet management, the expansion of family-owned businesses, and the creation of hybrid networks (long-haul + last mile), the analysis shows how the sector can serve as a catalyst for economic, social, and productive transformation. Keywords: local economy, road transportation, logistics, Portugal, Brazil, United States, regional development, labor market. Introduction Among all transportation modes, road transportation remains the most representative in terms of its contribution to the global logistics GDP. In Brazil, it accounts for roughly 65% of all cargo movement; in Portugal, it serves as the primary link between regions and urban centers; and in the United States, it represents the backbone of interstate distribution, connecting small towns to large consumer hubs. Though these three contexts differ in geographic scale, economic maturity, and population density, they share one essential characteristic: local economies tend to strengthen significantly when supported by a structured, efficient, market-oriented road transport system. Road transport is not merely a mechanism for moving goods; it is a vector of territorial development. It directly influences job creation, income circulation, regional competitiveness, and the attraction of investment. Wherever there is a road, there is economic flow. And wherever there is flow, opportunities emerge—for entrepreneurship, innovation, and the consolidation of productive chains. Understanding the social and economic impact of road transportation, therefore, means understanding one of the most concrete pillars of contemporary regional development. In recent years, technological advances, new business models, the internationalization of routes, and the professionalization of logistics management have profoundly transformed the sector. Small and medium-sized companies—especially independent operators, self-employed drivers, and family-owned businesses—have played an essential role in this evolution, expanding their operations and shaping new market dynamics. In countries such as Brazil, Portugal, and the United States, these actors represent a significant portion of the operational network, sustaining supply chains that serve everything from local supermarkets to major global corporations. This article investigates how road transportation can stimulate local economies based on four fundamental pillars: • Direct and indirect job creation, influencing professional training, social stability, and immigrant inclusion.• Reduction of logistics costs and increased competitiveness, particularly in regions dependent on road transport for agricultural, industrial, and consumer goods distribution.• Territorial integration and expanded access to markets, enabling the flow of goods, services, and opportunities to rural, peripheral, or economically vulnerable areas.• Promotion of regional entrepreneurship and innovation, including digitalization, new technologies, hybrid distribution models, and resilience strategies during crises. The analysis is grounded in conceptual references, sector data, and practical experiences, particularly from family-run logistics operations, emerging companies, and independent operators that—across Brazil, Portugal, and the United States—play a quiet but decisive role in strengthening local economies. Methodology The methodology combines three complementary approaches: 1. Transnational Case Studies Real-world logistics and road transport operations were analyzed in: Portugal: rapid expansion of family-owned companies from one to over thirty trucks, with significant impact on the Iberian market.Brazil: pharmaceutical distribution, regional operations, and mechanisms supporting small producers.United States: immigrant entrepreneurship, light-duty trucking, rental fleets, and regional logistics. 2. Comparative Analysis The countries were compared to identify common factors supporting economic growth, such as worker formalization, municipal integration, and access to supply chains. 3. Thematic Review Central themes in economic development related to logistics were organized, including: • Employability• Infrastructure• Technological innovation• Short distribution chains• Social impacts This mixed-methods approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of macroeconomic trends and local social effects. Development 1. Socioeconomic Impact of Road Transportation 1.1. Direct Job Creation Road transportation is one of the economic activities with the greatest capacity to absorb labor across different skill levels. Drivers, mechanics, automotive electricians, logistics operators, routing analysts, supervisors, fleet managers, transportation engineers, administrative staff, and compliance and safety specialists all play critical roles in the sector. Though the demand for technical qualifications is growing, it remains accessible, enabling the entry of new workers and stimulating regional development. In Portugal, medium-sized companies often employ thirty to fifty workers, many of them immigrants—especially Brazilians—seeking reintegration into the labor market. Employment in transportation not only provides income but also facilitates migration regularization and family reunification, directly impacting local", "keywords": [ "Investment (military)", "Population", "Transportation infrastructure", "Socioeconomic status", "Transportation planning", "Transport network", "Population growth" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17905360" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W111571319", "doi": null, "title": "A comprehensive, sustainable food security program for the Carver and Langston Communities of northeast Washington D.C.", "year": 1998, "publication_date": "1998-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Karim, Abubakr Muhammad" ], "first_author": "Karim, Abubakr Muhammad", "venue": "SNHU Academic Archive (Southern New Hampshire University)", "publisher": "Southern New Hampshire University", "abstract": "As stated in the thesis project, \"The Langston and Carver Communities are located in Ward 5. Carver/Langston Coalition, Inc. services the geographic area known as census tracks 89.3 and 89.4. Approximately ten thousand residents live in the two adjoining neighborhoods. They consist of multi unit apartments, town house style flats and single family residential housing. Historically, (CLC. Inc.) was founded to focus on strategies aimed at correcting some of the many similar problems faced by low income residents, (in particular, public assistance recipients), their families and communities. The mission of CLC, Inc. is to increase neighborhood education, socialization, and economic development through use of grant programs, contracts and innovative training methods. This strategy has been referred to as community-based, holistic, integrated and comprehensive. The major goals of CLC, Inc. are to move families towards self-sufficiency, their communities towards revitalization, and both towards community empowerment. Door to door surveys performed in 1995 by the Langston/Carver Community Building Project, a HUD funded empowerment program utilizing residents as interns of community development, revealed that an overwhelming majority of the residents in both public housing and low income rental properties viewed food and hunger as a major barrier towards achieving self sufficiency. In 1995 and 1996, the Carver/Langston Food Program, while distributing over two thousand pounds of free food weekly, observed that it only made a small dent in the total need and that regardless of how many truck loads of food were brought into the community to feed the needy, it was never enough. In 1997, with the help of grant funds obtained from non-profit philanthropic sources, the amount of food distributed was dramatically increased to 15 thousand pounds per month. Now, with larger distributions the impact is substantial, however, the need still far outweighs the available supply. As an ongoing priority to answer the needs of the community, CLC, Inc. seeks to establish a community wide initiative to reduce hunger, increase food nutrition, and provide savings on food supplies for many of it's residents. With the introduction of new welfare legislation in the District of Columbia, it is anticipated that many residents will face increasing food and nutrition related problems. When not addressed, these are real barriers that foster stress, perpetuate frustration, breed sickness and significantly hamper individual attempts to achieve self sufficiency. The residents of Carver Terrace and Langston Dwellings have expressed the need and desire for innovative food programs. During the goal setting process, while participating in a series of formal empowerment and capacity building workshops. And then, over the preceding years, many residents voted for and subsequently participated in what has now become the Carver/Langston Food Program. It is by far been CLC, Inc.'s most enthusiastically supported program and has the highest rate of participation and is the most asked for service from residents in both Carver and Langston.\" (Library-derived description)", "keywords": [ "Food security", "Political science", "Engineering", "Geography", "Archaeology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/10474/216" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7116073984", "doi": "10.82267/3037", "title": "A comprehensive, sustainable food security program for the Carver and Langston Communities of North East, Washington DC", "year": 1998, "publication_date": "1998-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [], "first_author": null, "venue": "SNHU Academic Archive (Southern New Hampshire University)", "publisher": "Southern New Hampshire University", "abstract": "As stated in the thesis project, \"The Langston and Carver Communities are located in Ward 5. Carver/Langston Coalition, Inc. services the geographic area known as census tracks 89.3 and 89.4. Approximately ten thousand residents live in the two adjoining neighborhoods. They consist of multi unit apartments, town house style flats and single family residential housing. Historically, (CLC. Inc.) was founded to focus on strategies aimed at correcting some of the many similar problems faced by low income residents, (in particular, public assistance recipients), their families and communities. The mission of CLC, Inc. is to increase neighborhood education, socialization, and economic development through use of grant programs, contracts and innovative training methods. This strategy has been referred to as community-based, holistic, integrated and comprehensive. The major goals of CLC, Inc. are to move families towards self-sufficiency, their communities towards revitalization, and both towards community empowerment. Door to door surveys performed in 1995 by the Langston/Carver Community Building Project, a HUD funded empowerment program utilizing residents as interns of community development, revealed that an overwhelming majority of the residents in both public housing and low income rental properties viewed food and hunger as a major barrier towards achieving self sufficiency. In 1995 and 1996, the Carver/Langston Food Program, while distributing over two thousand pounds of free food weekly, observed that it only made a small dent in the total need and that regardless of how many truck loads of food were brought into the community to feed the needy, it was never enough. In 1997, with the help of grant funds obtained from non-profit philanthropic sources, the amount of food distributed was dramatically increased to 15 thousand pounds per month. Now, with larger distributions the impact is substantial, however, the need still far outweighs the available supply. As an ongoing priority to answer the needs of the community, CLC, Inc. seeks to establish a community wide initiative to reduce hunger, increase food nutrition, and provide savings on food supplies for many of it's residents. With the introduction of new welfare legislation in the District of Columbia, it is anticipated that many residents will face increasing food and nutrition related problems. When not addressed, these are real barriers that foster stress, perpetuate frustration, breed sickness and significantly hamper individual attempts to achieve self sufficiency. The residents of Carver Terrace and Langston Dwellings have expressed the need and desire for innovative food programs. During the goal setting process, while participating in a series of formal empowerment and capacity building workshops. And then, over the preceding years, many residents voted for and subsequently participated in what has now become the Carver/Langston Food Program. It is by far been CLC, Inc.'s most enthusiastically supported program and has the highest rate of participation and is the most asked for service from residents in both Carver and Langston.\" (Library-derived description)", "keywords": [ "Food security", "Empowerment", "Unit (ring theory)", "Census", "Poverty", "Poverty threshold", "Renting", "Community development", "Community organization", "Training (meteorology)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.82267/3037" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W162748864", "doi": null, "title": "Sedimentation in Large Combined Sewage Systems: Perspectives of an Operator / La Sédimentation dans les Réseaux Unitaires Visitables: le Point de Vue d'un Exploitant", "year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "fr", "authors": [ "Bertrand Riochet" ], "first_author": "Bertrand Riochet", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Combined sewers are designed to convey waste waters to a treatment plant. When the flow conditions do not allow the solid matters to be maintained suspension, the sediments deposit along the sewer system. The managers and operators of a network have to clean those sediment deposits. The operations require a lot of human and material resources, and efforts must aim to minimise the length of the cleansing operation because it is difficult task for the workforce that generates some nuisance (noises, odours, ...) for the neighbourhood. This paper presents the case study of the Nantes Metropole Sewer Authority (France). The man-entry part of the sewer network is located in the central area of Nantes city. This man-entry part represents about 120 km of the combined sewer channels with internal heights greater than 1.2 m. Current cleaning methods are presented including the sewer cleaning truck and the Hydrass floodgate. The truck technique has been improved to use the sewer channel water rather than tap water. The floodgate Hydrass is designed to create a surge by alternating closure and rapid opening (Fig. 3 & 4). After closure, the water behind the gate rises until a defined level, when the gate tilts. The rapid opening creates a surge wave flushing the downstream deposits. One limitations of the self-opening gate is its fixed location and its limited influence, typically about 150 m downstream of the gate. To avoid such limitations, Nantes Metropole Sewer Authority developed a new self cleaning, unmanned tool (Fig. 5 & 7). The key design principle is to reduce the flow cross section, increasing locally the velocity to scour the sediment deposits. This new carriage tool is pushed by the flow itself and it is self-cleaning. While human resources are required to install and remove the carriage, its advance and operation within the sewer channel does not require any human operator. It can be used to clean a fairly long section of channel, and its operation requires simply that the cross section remains constant. / Les ouvrages de decantation repartis sur le reseau unitaire visitable ne suffisent pas a pieger l’ensemble des matieres solides transportees par les effluents. Certains collecteurs ont une pente tres faible pouvant faire apparaitre la formation de depots. Les operations de curage du reseau unitaire visitable necessitent souvent la mise en œuvre de moyens humains et materiels consequents. Un des objectifs recherches par l’Operateur Public d’Assainissement est de limiter la duree de ces interventions souvent penibles pour le personnel et source de nuisances pour les riverains (bruit, odeurs…). Cet article presente les outils actuellement utilises et les travaux effectues pour ameliorer les techniques de curage des collecteurs visitables.", "keywords": [ "Sanitary sewer", "Engineering", "Truck", "Flushing", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Civil engineering", "Environmental engineering", "Geotechnical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:159547/n030Riochet_sedimentation_revu.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2598330779", "doi": null, "title": "Life cycle assessment for managing household waste in Tehran, Iran", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-03-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Helen Morabi Heravi" ], "first_author": "Helen Morabi Heravi", "venue": "Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)", "publisher": "Universiti Putra Malaysia", "abstract": "Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in this thesis was used to determine the optimum Recyclable Household Waste management strategy for Tehran city. The thesis targets the household waste of Tehran, and the problem was made by posing significant environmental, health hazards, and harming economies. The municipality intends to eliminate activities that have the potential to cause a non-compliance till prevent recurrence. Corrective actions have an effect on the potential problems which is a crucial issue for any major cities worldwide. Tehran is a large urban cluster, which is chosen for this study. The study also fits with the five year waste management, design of the municipality. Life cycle management (LCM) of household waste is analyzed based on direct data observations. The current research has relevance in solving real life environmental problems. The main aim of the study was examined and recommends ways to reduce the environmental emissions of recyclable household waste operations. The goal of study to assess the environmental potential effects such, acidification; global warming, eutrophication, solid waste and water consumption per capita of household waste in the steps of storing, collecting and recycling by IMPACT2000+ Method. Type study is cradle to cradle of the LCA method. The main objective of this thesis is studying the achievement to optimum potential environmental impacts per 200 kg capita in managing household waste. The specific objectives are the identification of the most environmentally aspects (EMS), to assess the risk of the unit processes of household waste, to analyze the inventory of unit processes, to determine the correlation between inputs and out-puts also determine the sensitivity value outputs to inputs in the life cycle, to assess potential environmental emissions and environmental impacts of three group scenario in the life cycle and, to determine of the best scenario for Tehran. The objectives focus on related sustainable development and environment issues and the current status of different environmental tools. Database emissions were estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Life Cycle Assessment (LCI) provides the basis for evaluating the potential environmental impacts. The thesis adopts a unique combination of analytical and field based methods. The key component is direct observations and field data collections, which is strengthened by different analysis and models. An analysis is made based on observed data and models. Both direct and indirect emissions associated with source separation practices as well as those avoided due to replacing storage bag/bin and vehicles. The categories of environmental and resource consumption that is proportional to the local and global level, mainly includes the effects of acidification, global warming, respiratory effect, solid waste and water consumption. System boundary recyclable materials are as cradle to cradle and the separation and storage of recyclable materials has been started from homes, kerbside or buy back centers and ultimately lead to recycling factories. Functional unit is calculated based on the capita of collecting recyclable materials. Collection and storage of various types of recyclable materials used different equipment. Due to time and resource constraints, this LCA evaluates the potential impacts storage bags and vehicle collection in the recyclable household waste, a 57% door-to-door service, 34% kerbside sorting, and 9% buyback centers by work sheets. An effective source separation management system is needed in Tehran since the generated recyclable materials are separated in the kerbside without any control and hasn’t had a materials recovery facility (MRF)/Transfer Stations (TS). Waste (MSW) produced in Tehran was 7,000 metric tons per day. Currently, Tehran produces more than 2.5 million tonnes of waste every year. Waste analysis was carried out in all of the 22 Tehran regions, the results shows that 32% of waste is recyclable. Waste source separation promotes the use of reachable waste and reduce environmental and health risks as well as the national capital. Several waste source separation schemes were implemented in Tehran regions, including: Tehran waste management organization currently promote and support initiative waste source separation programs of the buyback center, door-to-door service and kerbside sorting. Most local authorities have practiced forms of reclamation in past years. Source separation schemes were established in 1995 by contractors that currently covenant its surplus to participating local and government contractors in developing their long-term strategy. These containers are located in various places around the main city of the region – Tehran. There are 22 regions where people can bring their pre-separated recyclable materials. The collected materials, in principle, are going to be sold to recycling companies and then to the market. In this thesis source separation alternative were investigating an environmental impact and process risk. Waste source separation is concluded that there is a high risk of recycling due to lack of quality control of the product. The thesis concludes with a series of actions for municipal waste management. With detailed literature review, original data analysis, and has been able to provide in-depth analysis of the research problem and has provided recommendations. The alternative scenarios were compared through the IMPACT 2000+Method (Excel file of Gabi software; ver 2.1) and these comparisons were carried out from the global warming, human respiratory, acidification, eutrophication, water consumption, and solid waste points of view. In total, nine different scenarios were developed as alternatives on management system of the recyclable household and hotspot analysis is made considering its environmental impacts. Impacts on respiration, BOD, Total N, acidification, g", "keywords": [ "Life-cycle assessment", "Household waste", "Environmental planning", "Waste management", "Engineering", "Geography", "Economics", "Production (economics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/51201/1/FPAS%202014%2010.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3186132432", "doi": null, "title": "SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF STREET VENDING ACTIVITIES IN MALIOBORO AREA, YOGYAKARTA", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mira Ekawati", "Alberto Gianoli" ], "first_author": "Mira Ekawati", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Tesis ini membahas tentang upaya pengelolaan sampah kegiatan pedagang kaki lima di kawasan Malioboro, Yogyakarta dengan mengetahui jenis-jenis sampah yang dihasilkan, mengetahui peran stakeholder dalam pengelolaan sampah dan mengetahui tantangan pengelolaan sampah secara berkelanjutan dari aspek politik, kelembagaan, financial, social, teknis dan ekonomi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi eksisting pengelolaan sampah kegiatan pedagang kaki lima dengan melihat keterkaitan antara berbagai komponen di dalam system pengelolaan sampah dan peran pihak terkait dalam pengelolaan sampah untuk selanjutnya mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi dalam upaya pengelolaan sampah kegiatan pedagang kaki lima menurut prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah exploratory untuk single case study research. Pengumpulan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif dilakukan melalui survey menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Adapun yang menjadi responden adalah pedagang kaki lima, pengunjung Malioboro, pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta, asosiasi pedagang kaki lima dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan secara acak terhadap kelompok responden di atas pada saat kunjungan lapangan. Pengolahan dan data analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS untuk analisis data kuantitatif, sedangkan untuk data kualitatif dilakukan dengan cara pengkodean, pengelompokan dan menemukan faktor penentu berdasarkan tuntunan teori yang ada. Dari hasil penelitian, sistem pengelolaan sampah pedagang kaki lima kawasan Malioboro terdiri dari beberapa elemen yaitu timbulan sampah di sumber, pewadahan, pengumpulan, pengangkutan dan pembuangan akhir. Jenis sampah utama yang dihasilkan kegiatan pedagang kaki lima adalah sampah makanan dan sampah plastik. Para pedagang mengumpulkan sampah secara gabungan antara sampah basah dan sampah kering di dalam satu wadah. Pengumpulan sampah dilakukan secara door to door oleh petugas sampah dari asosiasi pedagang maupun dari pihak ketiga yang ditunjuk oleh Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta. Sampah-sampah tersebut kemudian dikumpulkan di Tempat Penampungan Sementara (TPS) di daerah Pringgokusuman dan Pasar Kembang untuk selanjutnya diangkut oleh petugas dari Badan Lingkungan Hidup (BLH) Kota Yogyakarta ke Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) di Desa Piyungan, Kabupaten Bantul.\n\nThis study focus on the solid wastes management of street vending activities in Malioboro area Yogyakarta by seeing how is the main characteristic of existing solid waste management related to street vending activities, the roles of different stakeholder in waste management, and the constraints of sustainable waste management practices from political, institutional, financial, social, technical and economical aspect. The objective of this research is to identify the current waste management system of street vending activities in Malioboro area in term of how the system elements are working and how the actors of waste management system play important roles to support the system and to figure out the challenges that are exists sustainable management practices. The methodology of this research is exploratory for single embedded case study. The data is collecting by survey with quantitative and qualitative approach using questionnaires and depth interview. The research is conducted through observation and descriptive analysis toward the result of direct observation, desk study and data analysis. The respondent of this study are the street vendors, the visitors, the local government and street vendor association and non government organization. The sample is selected by purposive random sampling during the field work by asking the respondents from different groups as mentioned above. The data analysis for quantitative data is doing by descriptive test to know the frequencies and relation between two variables. The data analysis for the qualitative data is by coding, grouping and highlighting critical themes based on the main theories. Street vending waste management in Malioboro area consist of several elements which are waste generation, collection, transfer, transport and final disposal. The waste generation is relating the existing of waste in the source. Street vending waste in Malioboro is dominated by food waste and plastic waste. Most vendors stored their waste in the waste bins without segregate organic and inorganic waste. Waste collection method is door to door service using push chart and accumulate in temporarily waste disposal site in Pringgokusuman and Pasar Kembang. The wastes then being transported using dump truck, special vehicles for waste, with in 19 km distance to final site disposal in Piyungan, Bantul regency. The stakeholders of street vending waste management are the street vendors, the visitors, the local government, street vendor association and non government organization. Street vendor play roles as service users who pay the tariff, provide waste bin, obey the rules. Visitors play roles as social controller and give opinion regarding the quality of the service. The local government play roles as regulatory bodies that make the policy, set the amount of tariff, provide the facilities, and raise community awareness and doing monitoring and control. Street vending association plays roles as communicator and representative of the member for decision making process in the city level. Politically, the city regulation on waste management and street vending management have not address the issue of reduce, reuse and recycle in waste management system as it is mandatory by National Act No 9/2008.Institutionally, the decentralization process on waste management in Malioboro area do not successfully meet the objective as it was mandatory by Mayor Yogyakarta Act on the function of One’s stop office of Malioboro due to lack of staff, facilities and fund. Technically, street vending waste management in Malioboro constraints refer to lack of waste bin, lack of tempor", "keywords": [ "Business", "Humanities", "Agricultural science", "Business administration", "Art", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/58663" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3037789573", "doi": null, "title": "Selective and co-modal transport : models and algorithms", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-12-02", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Youcef Amarouche" ], "first_author": "Youcef Amarouche", "venue": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)", "publisher": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "abstract": "The notion of \"co-modality\" was introduced by the European Commission in 2006 as part of its new transport policy. It refers to the \"efficient use of different modes on their own and in combination\" for the purpose of achieving \"an optimal and sustainable utilisation of resources\" [55]. Unlike previous European transport policies, co-modality does not seek to oppose road transportation to its alternatives, but rather seeks to take advantage of the domains of relevance of different transportation modes and of their combinations to optimize services. In this thesis, we focus on developing new solution algorithms for variants of vehicle routing problems for city logistics systems arising in the wake of comodality. We were particularly interested in developing effective solution methods for selective variants of the vehicle routing problem and two-echelon variants. First, we address the Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows (TOPTW), a selective variant of routing problems that takes into account customer availability. We propose an effective algorithm based on a neighborhood search that alternates between two different search spaces, and uses a long term memory mechanism to benefit from information gathered while exploring the search space, to solve the TOPTW. In the se cond part of this work, we deal with the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-VRP), a variant of the problem that introduces intermediate facilities, refered to as « satellites ». In a two echelon system, freight is first moved from the depot to the satellites using large trucks, and then delivered from the satellites to the customers using smaller vehicles. To solve the 2E-VRP, we introduce a novel algorithm that combines heuristic methods with mathematical programming techniques. Finally, we consider the Orienteering Problem with Hotel Selection (OPHS), another selective variant that shares similarities with the 2E-VRP, namely, the use of intermediate facilities called hotels. For this problem, we propose a new integer linear programming model, valid inequalities and a Branch-&-Cut solution method. Extensive experimentation on benchmark instances available in the literature demonstrate the competitiveness of our solution methods.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Truck", "Computer science", "Operations research", "Relevance (law)", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Modal", "Scope (computer science)", "Transport engineering", "Engineering", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://theses.hal.science/tel-02884343v1/document" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2329066338", "doi": "10.2307/454936", "title": "Addenda to the Vocabulary of Railroading", "year": 1968, "publication_date": "1968-12-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "James M. Welsh" ], "first_author": "James M. Welsh", "venue": "American Speech", "publisher": "Duke University Press", "abstract": "T HE AMERICAN RAILROAD INDUSTRY has a vital and colorful history that is inextricably interwoven with industrial growth of nation. No less colorful and vital is vocabulary of railroading, a vocabulary firmly entrenched in and drawing its inspiration from language of working man. The words and phrases of railway industry both reflect and demonstrate linguistic flexibility and inventiveness that Thomas Pyles ascribes to nation as a whole when he mentions the altogether pleasing American genius for word-making.' American railroad terminology can be said to have followed its own unique development and seems to have remained relatively immune from British influences. The industry itself passed through its formative stages during nineteenth century, a period of marked American insularity, and, just as much of railway equipment used in United States differs significantly in design from its British counterparts, so do terms describing such equipment differ. Freight cars, for example, would almost never be referred to as open or covered wagons in United States, nor would passenger cars ordinarily be called carriages. Moreover, an American railroadman would register only puzzlement if asked about a corridor-type carriage. Obviously, terms utilized in two countries originate from widely differing circumstances. In Great Britain, for example, a signalman is commonly called a bobby since, in early days of railroading in England, traffic signalmen wore policeman's uniform of time-a tail coat and a top hat.2 That such differences exist does not, however, entirely warrant H. L. Mencken's conclusion that American terms necessarily demonstrate the superior imaginativeness revealed by Americans in meeting linguistic emergencies,3 for such a conclusion smacks uncomfortably of facile chauvinism. And why, after all, should one consider British term guard inferior to its American counterpart, conductor, station inferior to depot, stoker inferior to fireman, or bogie less imaginative than truck ? In sum, then, due credit should be", "keywords": [ "Vocabulary", "Linguistics", "History", "Philosophy" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/454936" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4392969959", "doi": "10.47065/josyc.v5i2.4916", "title": "Penerapan Algoritma Artificial Neural Network dan Economic Order Quantity dalam Memprediksi Persediaan Pengendalian BBM", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-02-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Walid Alma Ula", "M Afdal", "Zarnelly Zarnelly", "Inggih Permana" ], "first_author": "Walid Alma Ula", "venue": "Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Motor vehicle production in Indonesia increases every year along with increasing demand for fuel as a raw material. Generally, gas stations carry out the process of ordering fuel from Dempo on an irregular basis, the frequency of orders does not have a certain time, orders depend on sales transactions and the amount of fuel inventory available depends on the fuel in storage. Regarding prediction and control of fuel supplies, the risk at gas stations is that the volume of fuel received is different from that ordered. It is suspected that tank trucks carrying fuel during delivery from the depot to gas stations tend to experience evaporation in the tank (loses), so that the fuel quantity decreases. Requests for fuel filling are only based on monitoring without any special calculations resulting in stock being maintained and not covering consumer demand. This research is to analyze the Artificial Neural Network algorithm in predicting fuel, and determine inventory control using Economic Order Quantity. The research was conducted using data from November 2020 - October 2023. The data was processed using the ANN algorithm using Google Colab, and continued with EOQ using Microsoft Excel. The ANN parameters are 1 hidden layer with 100 units, Adam optimizer, learning rate 0.001, batch size 8 and epoch 200. Pertalite ANN test results are MSE 248852593.81 and MAE 12749.45, while Pertamax Turbo MSE 803842.94 and MAE 672, 74 provides predictions for November and December of 11,1436.82 L and 11,1960.83 L and Pertamax Turbo of 3,782.46 L and 3,660.70 L. Furthermore, in 2023 the fuel EOQ of Pertalite and Pertamax Turbo will be 8,445 L and 5,261 L, Safety Stock 3,516 L and 1,064 L, Maximum Inventory 6,042 L and 5,153 L, Re order point 2,403 L and 108 L, Order frequency 149 times and 6 times with Total Inventory Cost Rp. 178,830,302 and Rp. 7,700,459.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Environmental science", "Fuel efficiency", "Computer science", "Artificial neural network", "Operations research", "Automotive engineering", "Mathematics", "Engineering", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/josyc/article/download/4916/2613" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2071294529", "doi": "10.1306/0bda5822-16bd-11d7-8645000102c1865d", "title": "Military Petroleum: ABSTRACT", "year": 1957, "publication_date": "1957-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ottmar F. Kotick" ], "first_author": "Ottmar F. Kotick", "venue": "AAPG Bulletin", "publisher": "American Association of Petroleum Geologists", "abstract": "For the first time in history, purchases of petroleum products and services passed the one billion dollar mark in fiscal year 1956. This represents 223 million barrels of products, 125 storage contracts, and other services related to petroleum supply. Of the estimated procurement for fiscal year 1957 in amount of $1,037,920,000, 61 per cent will be required by the Air Force, 27.7 per cent by the Navy, and 11.3 per cent by the Army. Purchase of military petroleum by several types of joint-purchase agencies is briefly traced from War II to the present time. Normally, petroleum is purchased by a central agency using formally advertised open-end contracts of 6 months duration, for estimated total quantities only. Approximately 5,000 contracts are awarded annually, including those for commercial storage and operation of military bulk terminals. Within the United States, petroleum is distributed by the contractor directly to military posts, camps, stations, including air bases, on call by the using agency. For overseas distribution, tanker loads from refineries in the United States, South America, Persian Gulf, and other places are lifted by military and commercial tankers direct to the overseas bulk terminals. From these terminals it is distributed direct to using agencies by tank trucks, pipe lines, drums, and cans, in accordance with periodic requisitions. End_Page 359------------------------------ In each of eight logistic areas into which the world is divided, a jointly staffed area petroleum office compiles requirements, requests shipments from the purchase agency, arranges for receipt by petroleum depots, and coordinates all matters relating to petroleum in its logistic area. On July 24, 1956, the Department of Defense designated the Secretary of the Navy as the Single Manager for Petroleum. He was directed to establish the Military Petroleum Supply Agency into End_Page 360------------------------------ which will be phased the Armed Services Petroleum Purchasing Agency and other miscellaneous service elements. Greater efficiency in Armed Services petroleum supply is the objective. End_of_Article - Last_Page 361------------", "keywords": [ "Geology", "Petroleum", "Mining engineering", "Geochemistry", "Petroleum engineering", "Paleontology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1306/0bda5822-16bd-11d7-8645000102c1865d" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4404585945", "doi": "10.1093/ije/dyae156", "title": "Cohort Profile: The Xiangya Osteoarthritis (XO) Study", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-10-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jiatian Li", "Tuo Yang", "Yuqing Zhang", "Weiya Zhang", "Michael Doherty", "Junqing Xie", "Yilun Wang", "Ting Jiang", "Dongxing Xie", "Hui Li", "Zidan Yang", "Xiaoxiao Li", "Wei Li", "Bei Xu", "Zhenglei Zhu", "Yuqing Wang", "Qianlin Weng", "Ke Liu", "Yuanheng Yang", "Jie Xu", "Changjun Li", "Jie Wei", "Chao Zeng", "Guanghua Lei" ], "first_author": "Jiatian Li", "venue": "International Journal of Epidemiology", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "abstract": "The Xiangya Osteoarthritis (XO) Study is an ongoing, prospective, community-based, longitudinal study conducted in Longshan County, Hunan Province, China. This cohort aims to determine the prevalence and incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) in multiple joints (i.e. tibiofemoral, patellofemoral, hip and hand joints) and investigate the natural history, risk factors and subtypes of OA. The study comprises three sub-cohorts initiated in 2015, 2018 and 2019, respectively, with 4080 participants aged ≥50 years. Sub-cohort I had four follow-up visits (2016, 2017, 2020 and 2023), and sub-cohorts II and III each had one follow-up visit (2021 and 2022, respectively). All participants will be followed triennially until 2031. The retention rate has been above 81.7% to date. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations and imaging examinations including radiographs and ultrasound of multiple joints and magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Biospecimens of blood, stool, urine, saliva, plaque and tongue dorsum were also collected for metabolomic, microbiotic and genetic tests. XO has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04033757). Researchers who are interested in accessing the XO Study data are welcome to contact Prof. Guanghua Lei [[email protected]] for collaboration. Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder worldwide, is associated with pain, stiffness, reduced mobility and impaired quality of life, significantly contributing to disability and socioeconomic burden.1 The prevalence and incidence of OA vary significantly between developed and developing countries.2 Despite being one of the most populated developing countries, few longitudinal OA studies exist in China, and these have focused solely on the tibiofemoral joint. This results in an information gap regarding the overall burden of OA at different joint sites, its temporal trends, natural history, outcomes and the mechanisms involved in its onset and progression. Identifying the risk factors for OA is crucial for understanding its mechanisms and developing prevention strategies. Community-based cohort studies that follow participants over an extended period have particular advantages for uncovering disease risk factors.3 OA research has benefited significantly from several community-based cohort studies in other countries.4–8 Although traditional risk factors for radiographic tibiofemoral OA, such as older age, female gender, obesity and joint injuries, have been confirmed,1 most of them are not modifiable. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find novel, modifiable risk factors for OA at multiple joints. To date, no effective safe treatment is available to reverse OA progression,1 and current pharmacological therapies largely provide temporary pain relief. Notably, about 54% of knee OA patients reported inadequate pain alleviation.9 The heterogeneity of OA may be one of the major causes of poor treatment outcomes.10,11 It has been proposed that OA is a common complex disorder comprising multiple distinct subtypes rather than a single condition.12–14 As therapeutic interventions usually target just one or a few disease mechanisms, they might not be equally effective for all subtypes. This highlights the need for precise identification of OA subtypes, to guide customized treatment strategies. Previous studies have proposed several subtypes of OA, but most of these classifications rely on just a single variable (e.g. risk factor, joint compartment affected, joint alignment or pain sensitization) and this approach provides limited insights into uncovering new treatment targets, particularly considering the multiple and intricate mechanisms underlying OA development.13,15 The emergence of omics technologies has transformed OA research. Recent studies have reported metabolic, microbiotic and genetic factors that are associated with prevalent OA.16–18 However, the temporal relationships between these factors and OA development, particularly in symptomatic cases and non-tibiofemoral joint locations, have seldom been elucidated. To inform and advance prevention and treatment strategies for OA at different joints, it is important to identify novel risk factors and characterize new OA subtypes based on omics technologies. To fill these knowledge gaps, we initiated the Xiangya Osteoarthritis (XO) Study, a prospective, community-based, longitudinal cohort study conducted among rural residents in China. The XO Study has four key objectives. First, to estimate the prevalence and incidence of OA at different joint sites, including the tibiofemoral, patellofemoral, hip and hand joints in the rural Chinese population. Second, to provide insights into the natural history of radiographic OA (ROA) and symptomatic OA (SOA). Third, to evaluate risk factors, including conventional, microbiotic, metabolomic and genetic factors, for both ROA and SOA across multiple joints. Fourth, to identify different subtypes of OA based on multidimensional and multi-omics data. The XO Study is a community-based, longitudinal cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04033757). The participants are randomly selected residents from rural mountain villages in Longshan County, Hunan Province, China. To be eligible, individuals had to meet the following inclusion criteria: (i) age 50 years or older; and (ii) residence in the region for at least the previous 5 years. Exclusions were made for individuals who were mentally or physically incapable of participating because of conditions such as schizophrenia, terminal illness or inability to walk to the recruitment site. We chose to establish this cohort in a rural mountainous county in Hunan for two main reasons. First, several cross-sectional studies19–23 have been conducted in urban areas and rural plains areas of China, reporting the prevalence of knee, hip and hand OA along with potential risk factors. However, there are differences in the living environment, habits and genetic factors", "keywords": [ "Osteoarthritis", "Cohort", "Medicine", "Cohort study", "Internal medicine", "Pathology", "Alternative medicine" ], "cited_by_count": 5, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/42840359" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W164800073", "doi": "10.14264/158349", "title": "OPTIMISATION OF LARGE-SCALE OVERNIGHT DELIVERY NETWORKS", "year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Andrew W. Grenfell" ], "first_author": "Andrew W. Grenfell", "venue": "The University of Queensland", "publisher": "The University of Queensland", "abstract": "This thesis is concerned with scheduling the delivery of a product (mail or similar courier products) across a large scale network serviced by several types of vehicle (aircraft and trucks) over a fixed time horizon (overnight). In particular, the application context is that of a national postal operator. The techniques have been used by New Zealand Post in New Zealand and Consignia (in particular, the Royal Mail division) in the United Kingdom with great success, and these contexts have provided data sets for this thesis. We construct a general network model of the transport network for postal operations at a national level. We then formulate an optimisation problem on this network which is to determine a set of transport services which essentially “delivers all the mail” with minimum total cost. Product from each location to all other locations on the network becomes available deterministically at specified times and must be delivered to its destination within specific time windows. Vehicles of varying speed and cost operating from depots (whose locations are to be decided) may travel on any of a specified set of links. Similarly product may take any route carried by any of these vehicles. Both product and vehicles may also wait at a location for any duration. Mathematically the problem can be described as a vehicle routing-like problem with multiple depots coupled with a multi-commodity network flow problem for product. This problem is formulated as the Overnight Delivery Problem. It is a new problem that has not been solved before in the context with which we are concerned. It is shown that a straightforward Mixed Integer Program formulation can solve only very small problem instances of this NP-hard problem. Hence a heuristic solution framework is developed which is suitable for largescale problems, as inspired by similar heuristics used in related transportation problems (the Less-Than-Truckload motor carrier industry in particular). The technique presented decomposes the problem into a product-flow subproblem and a vehicle routing-like subproblem. A path-based (column generation) Multicommodity Network Flow (MCNF) formulation is used to solve the former, and a set of constructive heuristics solves the latter. MCNF resolve time is reduced by adaptively controlling the number of columns kept between solves, thus balancing the execution time of the master LP with the time taken to generate new columns. We also show how initial solutions of good quality (and diversity when used in a Multistart framework) can be derived by manipulating the MCNF arc costs. The main algorithm iterates between the two sub-problems using the central concept of overflow to move towards feasibility. It is shown that the application of this heuristic produces high quality solutions in terms of the overall transport network cost, and that embedding within Multistart and Simulated Annealing metaheuristics (with suitable neighbourhoods) obtains slightly better results, and stabilises the search with respect to the parameters, for the more computationally amenable data sets. A variety of implementation and modelling issues are also considered in order that the mathematical model be practical in the context of a national postal corporation. These issues include innovative ways of modelling the costs of transshipping, deciding between transport modes in order to producing realistic mail routes, and modelling Travelling Post Offices.", "keywords": [ "Context (archaeology)", "Truck", "Operations research", "Flow network", "Vehicle routing problem", "Time horizon", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Computer science", "Product (mathematics)", "Cruise", "Scale (ratio)", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/158349" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7117111002", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18032422", "title": "Synthetic electric vehicles time series for energy system modelling (as part of the SEDOS project)", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-19", "type": "dataset", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hedda Gardian", "Fabia Miorelli" ], "first_author": "Hedda Gardian", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "Electric vehicle profiles are a complex matter to create and therefore require sophisticated tools. To increase transparency, there are open tools such as venco.py. However, even with open tools, transparency is often not guaranteed, as the data is not openly available due to personal data protection regulations. For this reason, as part of the SEDOS project, the proprietary data from the MOP study (German Mobility Panel) was synthetically reproduced using a machine learning approach without distorting its character. This data set includes both the synthetic input data and the resulting time series from venco.py. There are four kinds of time series included in the dataset in order to describe and limit the transport sectors dispatch for energy system modells: Name Type Unit demand_timeseries Fixed Normalized sum 1 sto_min_timeseries Lower Normalized between 0 and 1 as fraction of SOC sto_max_timeseries Upper Normalized between 0 and 1 as fraction of SOC availability_timeseries_fixed / availability_timeseries_max Fixed/Upper Normalized to maximum All vehicles have to serve a given demand profile (demand_timeseries) that describes the normalized fraction of the scalar annual demand (demand_annual) that is given in the tra_scalar table. For cars and trucks, this demand profile is a driving profile, as it is assumed that the refueling of the fuel vehicles is balanced across the fleet and takes place during the driving time. For the flexibly modeled e-vehicles, the driving profile specifies when the storage tank is discharged and is a boundary condition for optimization. Overhead line trains also have a driving profile as a demand time series, as the energy demand occurs at the same time as the vehicle is in motion. For all other vehicles (buses, ships, airplanes, special vehicles), however, a tank profile is specified, as it is assumed that the driving process is decoupled from the tank process in terms of time. The vehicles are refueled at the depot after the working day. Refueling is therefore more concentrated in the afternoon. The flexibly modelled vehicles (cars and trucks) are furthermore constrained. The SOC of the vehicle batteries are restricted by a band (sto_max_timeseries/sto_min_timeseries) that represents the maximum/minimum SOC that the fleet should be able to provide in order to fulfill user demands. The charging power of an electric vehicle is limited by the maximum output capacity of the wallbox when charging a single vehicle. It furthermore varies over time when considering a whole fleet since the number of vehicles connected to the grid is not constant during the day. To take this circumstance into account the maximum power a single car can be charges with is given exogeniously with the parameter capacity_p_unit, describing the maximum power of a wallbox. The percentage of the fleet that can charge with this maximum power at each point of time is represented by the time series availability_timeseries_max. In order to calculate the maximum power the fleet can charge at a certain point of time, the time normalized time series needs to be multiplied by capacity_p_unit (individual wallbox capacity) as well as with the vehicle number. As an exception, the inflexible charging vehicles (e.g. tra_road_mcar_inflex_uni) are not limited by a maximum charging capacity, but the charging capacity is specified by a fixed time series (availability_timeseries_fixed). There is no optimization intended. Otherwise, the principle is identical. All BEV-profiles are calculated with the DLR open source tool venco.py. Since the needed input data by the Mobility Panel MoP (individual trips) is restricted and not openly available, the data was recreated using a ML approach. For more information about the project, please visit: https://sedos-project.github.io/organization/", "keywords": [ "Train", "Fraction (chemistry)", "Series (stratigraphy)", "Time series", "Limit (mathematics)", "Scalar (mathematics)", "Overhead (engineering)", "Energy (signal processing)", "Range (aeronautics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18032422" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4318996096", "doi": "10.58420/itk.2021.71.2.024", "title": "ЖҮК ВАГОНДАРЫНЫҢ ЖҮРІС БӨЛІКТЕРІН ПАЙДАЛАНУ ЖҮКТЕМЕЛІГІ МӘСЕЛЕСІНЕ", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-06-15", "type": "article", "language": "ru", "authors": [ "А.К. КАЙНАРБЕКОВ", "К.М. БЕКМАМБЕТ", "М.Ж. ТУРКЕБАЕВ" ], "first_author": "А.К. КАЙНАРБЕКОВ", "venue": "Industrial transport of Kazakhstan", "publisher": null, "abstract": "В настоящей статье выполнен анализ усталостных повреждений литых деталей тележек грузовых вагонов в эксплуатационных условиях. Показано, что повышенные статические нагрузки и скорости движения поездов оказывают влияние на дисперсию эксплуатационных напряжений, так при интенсивной эксплуатации грузовых вагонов динамические нагрузки, действующие на детали вагонов, растут с увеличением статической нагрузки от оси на рельсы и скорости движения поезда, что приводит к повышению напряжений в деталях тележки, тем самым увеличивается вероятность появления усталостных трещин в этих деталях. Поэтому возникает необходимость оценки соответствия несущих элементов тележки к иным условиям эксплуатации по уровню усталости и надежности. Для разработки научно обоснованных положений, на основе которых могут быть назначены нормированные показатели надежности по критерию появления усталостных трещин, необходима оценка фактических показателей надежности литых деталей тележек существующего парка. Такая оценка может быть проведена на основе результатов контроля деталей при поступлении вагонов в деповской ремонт. Осы мақалада пайдалану жағдайларында жүк вагондары арбашаларының құйма бөлшектерінің қажу зақымдарын талдау орындалған. Жоғары статикалық жүктемелер мен пойыздардың жылдамдығы жұмыс кернеулерінің дисперсиясына әсер ететіні көрсетілген, сондықтан жүк вагондарын қарқынды пайдалану кезінде вагондардың бөліктеріне әсер ететін динамикалық жүктемелер осьтен рельстерге статикалық жүктеменің жоғарылауымен және пойыз жылдамдығының жоғарылауымен жоғарылайды, бұл троллейбус бөлшектеріндегі кернеулердің жоғарылауына әкеледі, осылайша осы бөліктерде шаршау жарықтарының пайда болу ықтималдығы артады. Сондықтан троллейбустың жүк көтергіш элементтерінің шаршау мен сенімділік деңгейіне сәйкес басқа жұмыс жағдайларына сәйкестігін бағалау қажет. Шаршаған жарықтардың пайда болу критерийі бойынша сенімділіктің нормаланған көрсеткіштерін тағайындауға болатын ғылыми негізделген ережелерді әзірлеу үшін қолданыстағы парктің арбаларының құйылған бөліктері сенімділігінің нақты көрсеткіштерін бағалау қажет. Мұндай бағалау деполық жөндеуге вагондар келіп түскен кезде бөлшектерді бақылау нәтижелері негізінде жүргізілуі мүмкін. This article analyzes the fatigue damage of cast parts of freight car bogies under operating conditions. It is shown that increased static loads and train speeds affect the dispersion of operating stresses, so during intensive operation of freight cars, the dynamic loads acting on the car parts increase with increasing static load from the axle on the rails and the speed of the train, which leads to increased stresses in the truck parts, thereby increasing the probability of fatigue cracks in these parts. Therefore, there is a need to assess the compliance of the loadbearing elements of the trolley to other operating conditions in terms of fatigue and reliability. For the development of scientifically based provisions, on the basis of which normalized reliability indicators can be assigned according to the criterion of the appearance of fatigue cracks, it is necessary to evaluate the actual reliability indicators of cast truck parts of the existing fleet. Such an assessment can be carried out on the basis of the results of the control of parts when the wagons are received for depot repair.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Bogie", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Axle", "Automotive engineering", "Structural engineering", "Engineering", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.58420/itk.2021.71.2.024" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2129062644", "doi": null, "title": "Étude d'impact environnemental et sociétal", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-08-01", "type": "article", "language": "fr", "authors": [ "Mbaye Mbengue Faye" ], "first_author": "Mbaye Mbengue Faye", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The objective of the development of growth poles project (PDPC) is to promote the development of an agriculture-based growth corridor along Matadi-Kinshasa-Kikwit by increasing private investment in agriculture, agricultural processing, and building lines target value (such as cassava, maize, rice, beans, fruits, meat, fish). The PDPC will develop food and momentum of private investment in the sector. It will specifically open up the main centers of production to enhance the means of transport (trucks, river barges), logistics (collection, storage, depots), and other support services and funding to reduce significantly the import volume of food consumed in the country. PDPC activities that could cause negative environmental and social impacts are as follows: the provision of private investors in agricultural land (sources of land conflicts); Development of agricultural activities (facilities, irrigation facilities, farm plots, use of fertilizers and pesticides, the use of genetically modified organisms; Development of fish farming activities (development and operation of ponds of fish farms); Development of pastoral activities (intensive and extensive rearing; development of pasture, etc..) the creation of infrastructure for production and post-harvest; business support semi-industrial processing and packaging; the realization of micro-hydro; achieving power grid in the area of project intervention; Construction / rehabilitation of agricultural roads in the project area. Environmental impacts and social impacts of the project resulting in project activities mainly concern: the risk of soil erosion due to agricultural development, the loss of vegetation and biodiversity and degradation of natural habitats where deforestation to prepare agricultural parcels, the risk of pollution and degradation of groundwater and streams associated with the use of pesticides and fertilizers, etc.. On the social front there is the rise in tensions between farmers on land issues or between pastoralists and farmers related to wandering livestock. Moreover, the development of agribusiness, particularly with the arrival of private agricultural investors, will also lead to infrastructure needs of drinking water, sanitation, schools and health centers, but also strengthening the structures of existing policies and gendarmerie to ensure the safety of goods and people, and all other social services to support the development of agricultural activities (electricity, trade, credit, etc..).", "keywords": [ "Business", "Agriculture", "Investment (military)", "Environmental planning", "Environmental protection", "Agricultural science", "Geography", "Environmental science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2015/09/30/090224b0828ba6fe/Rendered/PDF/0tude0d0impact0nemental0et0soci0tal.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4281295932", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6571951", "title": "Soulsborne Fans Are Debating Which Game Has the Best Fog Door", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-05-23", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Joshua Joshua" ], "first_author": "Joshua Joshua", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "The Soulsborne series of RPGs created by FromSoftware are known for a couple of things. Normally, the games will highlight a dull dream setting, where the player makes their own personality to navigate the guide and battle a few incredibly troublesome supervisors. There are a lot of other things that a FromSoftware fan will see in each title from Demon's Souls to Elden Ring, for example, the bogs that improve essentially a piece of each and every guide in the Soulsborne games. Frequently, fans like to discuss which of these repeating highlights in the Soulsborne establishment is the best, or, on account of bogs, which is absolutely terrible. As of late, fans have been examining which game has the best fog door. Fog doors are the manner by which players from Demon Souls to Elden Ring can confront managers. While cooperating with the door, a player will experience a short activity showing them venture starting with one area then onto the next. Basically this keeps normal foes from following players into manager rooms. Players bantered over each section in the Soulsborne series. Nonetheless, eminently missing from the setup was FromSoftware's 2019 activity game Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice. This nonattendance will probably appear to be legit for most of Soulsborne fans, as Sekiro isn't viewed as a piece of the Soulsborne establishment as indicated by FromSoftware, as it has such a large number of mechanical contrasts among it and RPGs like Elden Ring. There have been a few increases to Elden Ring in view of Sekiro, for example, the Samurai class and Malenia supervisor battle. https://issuu.com/pixel-car-racer-dinheiro-infinito-2022 https://issuu.com/off-the-road-dinheiro-infinito-2022 https://issuu.com/episode-gemas-y-pases-infinitas https://issuu.com/car-parking-multiplayer-dinheiro-2022 https://issuu.com/design-home-dinheiro-infinito-2022 https://issuu.com/truck-simulator-ultimate-dinheiro-gratis https://issuu.com/irmaos-a-obra-dinheiro-infinito https://issuu.com/redecor-dinheiro-infinito https://issuu.com/summoners-war-sky-arena-cristais https://issuu.com/chapters-diamantes-infinitos-2022 The top casted a ballot remark on the Reddit post starting the discussion of which game has the best fog door delegated Demon's Souls as the champ. This was on the grounds that Demon's Souls has a legend clarification for its fog doors, though the accompanying games just use them for the good of gameplay, so a manager battle is a genuine duel between the player and one of a Soulsborne game's most grounded adversaries. A few other fans kidded that Bloodborne's fog likewise had a clarification, as the game is situated in England and that anybody who lived in London would perceive the fog doors in a split second. In spite of Demon's Souls legend making sense of that the fog door is essential for the setting, many fans actually expressed that Bloodborne had their #1 fog door. One fan expressed that this might come from a Bloodborne inclination in the FromSoftware people group, because of it being the most loved game of many fans. Taking into account the discussion is logical as yet continuous, and it being over such an abstract matter, it appears fans might very well never have a decisive response.", "keywords": [ "Advertising", "Aeronautics", "Business", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6571951" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4416567941", "doi": "10.1149/ma2025-02412034mtgabs", "title": "( Invited ) Integrated Fabrication, Imaging, Diagnostics, and Modeling for Advancing Fuel Cells for Heavy-Duty Vehicles", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-24", "type": "conference-abstract", "language": null, "authors": [ "Shawn Litster" ], "first_author": "Shawn Litster", "venue": "ECS Meeting Abstracts", "publisher": "Institute of Physics", "abstract": "Electrification of heavy-duty transportation is motivated by a need to increase energy efficiency and resource flexibility (nuclear, renewables, etc.). In addition, local air quality is negatively impacted in areas of significant heavy-duty diesel vehicle use (ports, diesel train depots, etc.), with commensurate local respiratory health impacts and costs. Using hydrogen fuel cells as the electric power source for heavy-duty transportation is further motivated by the challenges of applying batteries to their electrification. Using Li-ion batteries for heavy-duty, long-range vehicles is challenged by the global transition to a market dominated by lower-cost but heavier lithium iron phosphate chemistry. Heavy-duty vehicles also present one of the most achievable costs for low-carbon hydrogen among the hard-to-abate sectors. Therefore, the rapid commercialization of fuel cells for heavy-duty vehicles is a crucial step in increasing low-carbon hydrogen production and driving down hydrogen costs through economies of scale and thus enabling low-carbon hydrogen in more challenging sectors, such as ammonia production. Establishing widespread use of PEMFCs in heavy-duty trucks requires significant improvements in efficiency and durability, including achieving a challenging lifetime target of over 25,000 hours while also meeting acceptable values for total cost of ownership. This talk will highlight our lab’s recent efforts in addressing these challenges and our innovations in materials, imaging, diagnostics, and simulations for PEMFCs. These highlights will include unique ionomer integration strategies and ionomer durability assessment, image-based modeling from catalyst to stack-scale, where we integrate micro- and nano-scale resolution X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT and nano-CT) along with plasma-focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (pFIB-SEM) into our model geometries. Image-based modeling enables the exploration of physically accurate geometries and heterogeneity versus ideal geometries. The talk will further highlight new innovations being developed in our laboratory, including cathodes with high oxygen permeability ionomer, novel mesoporous supports, and ionomer-free electrode concepts.", "keywords": [ "Commercialization", "Truck", "Diesel fuel", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Ultra-low-sulfur diesel", "Hydrogen vehicle", "Hydrogen fuel", "Resource (disambiguation)", "Fuel cells", "Ionomer" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-02412034mtgabs" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3009332643", "doi": null, "title": "Fuel cell technology adapted for cargo pedelecs", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-07-04", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Torsten Knöri", "Mathias M. Schulze", "Inga Bürger", "Tilo Maag" ], "first_author": "Torsten Knöri", "venue": "elib (German Aerospace Center)", "publisher": "Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)", "abstract": "Today, 75% of the Europeans are living in cities. In these urban areas with a high density of population, transportation of goods and services is one of the most important reasons for traffic. Consequently, commercial transport causes 50% of the emissions and 30% of the urban vehicle miles. Many transportation duties in cities or industrial areas could be realized by cargo bicycles at lower costs, often faster and without doubts substantially more sustainable than with cars or other transport vehicles. Because of these advantages cargo bikes recently experienced great attention in urban delivery situations, triggered also by the growing transport demand from e-commerce. In combination with micro hubs electric cargo bikes can substitute combustion engine trucks and address the different socioeconomic issues mentioned above. For commercial application, two different approaches for the electrification of cargo bikes are promising: electro mobility by batteries (accumulators) or by fuel cells (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells) depending on the individual application. For duty applications fuel cell technology has many advantages towards batteries: Fast refuelling saves time, additional space for replacement accumulators is not required and waste heat can be used for cabin heating in winter. Furthermore, the environmental balance of production, life cycle and recycling, is better than in case of batteries. And finally fuel cell powered cargo bikes are the better alternative if high energy capacities are needed e.g. for operations over the whole day, on hilly grounds or with heavy loads. In the presented projects (FC-REX – Fuel Cell Range Extender, FCCP - Fuel Cell Cargo Pedelec), a modular system is developed based on a liquid cooled PEM fuel cell stack with metallic bipolar plates. This system has a nominal electrical power output of around 450W, a peak power of 850W respectively and a 350 bar hydrogen tank. One drawback of battery or fuel cell powered systems is their behaviour at low temperatures (sub-zero °C). This concerns especially the cold-start ability of the system, as it reduces efficiency and life time. Therefore, in many electrical systems an additional heater is added for heating up the device in the start-up phase at low temperatures. Due to the required electricity for heating,the range of the vehicle is reduced . For eliminating this disadvantage, the developed fuel cell system is equipped with a metal hydride based pre-heater, that will not consume fuel or electrical energy, but adsorption heat to address cold start. Actually, the pre-heater needs less than 60s for increasing the stack temperature from -20°C to at least 10°C. The presentation will give an overview of the complete system, its different components as well as on the status of the validation project.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Electrification", "Transport engineering", "Sustainable transport", "Population", "Electricity", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Sustainability", "Electrical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://elib.dlr.de/128764/1/EFCF_2019-A0704-Kn%C3%B6ri.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7160809716", "doi": null, "title": "15 — Logistics Network", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-08", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Kenneth Lee Roberts" ], "first_author": "Kenneth Lee Roberts", "venue": "OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)", "publisher": "Center for Open Science", "abstract": "Module 15 defines the distributed logistics architecture that enables sustained disaster response under conditions of infrastructure degradation, uncertain information, and disrupted coordination. It addresses the reality that many conventional logistics systems are optimized for centralized efficiency and stable infrastructure rather than fragmented, degraded, rapidly changing operational environments. The module reframes logistics not simply as transportation, but as the preservation of movement, routing knowledge, and operational continuity under stress. The module introduces a distributed mesh-style logistics topology composed of: regional hubs forward caches mobile depots local distribution nodes and household or field delivery sites rather than relying on single centralized pipelines. It also emphasizes multi-modal transport continuity, recognizing that different conditions may require: trucks boats helicopters or eVTOL systems drones motorcycles or bicycles foot transport and improvised local movement. A major contribution of the module is the introduction of a “routing persistence layer,” which preserves navigability and coordination across multiple levels of degradation. The architecture supports: digital routing when infrastructure is intact low-bandwidth coordination via SMS, radio, or WhatsApp waterproof printed maps and route packets visual markers and local signage and Wayfinder relay networks under severe disruption. The module also formalizes degraded-mode logistics operation. Nodes may continue operating independently under disconnected conditions using: local inventories analog procedures pre-planned priorities and local coordination until broader network reconnection becomes possible. The architecture is explicitly designed for graceful fragmentation and adaptive reconnection rather than assuming continuous centralized visibility. Additional sections address: priority-aware logistics adaptive rerouting route diversity security and disruption risks fuel scarcity weather windows access restrictions and the role of Wayfinders in maintaining local route intelligence and last-mile continuity. Strategically, Module 15 functions as the continuity-of-flow layer of the overall architecture. It preserves the movement of supplies, people, information, and stabilization capability under degraded conditions, enabling the broader sustainment and stabilization systems developed in earlier modules to continue functioning even as infrastructure, communications, and coordination become unreliable.", "keywords": [ "Architecture", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Network packet", "Truck", "Network topology", "Humanitarian Logistics", "Emergency management", "Scarcity", "Flow network", "Drone" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://osf.io/5j6qm" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7005153745", "doi": null, "title": "Problème de transport long-courrier de colis : modèles orientés chemins et algorithmes diviser-pour-régner", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-10-14", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Camille Gras" ], "first_author": "Camille Gras", "venue": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)", "publisher": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "abstract": "With the advent of e-commerce, many studies have been carried out on urban logistics and last-mile delivery.In this work, we optimize another stage of parcel delivery, the long-haul parcel transportation.The long-haul transportation is from the collection sorting centers to delivery depots. We do not consider how the parcels are brought from their departure post office to their collection sorting center, neither how they are transported to the post offices and then to individuals.The Long-Haul Parcel Transportation Problem (LHPTP), which we formally define, is a Service Network Design with Asset Management problem which integrates the sorting operation allowing a better consolidation of parcels in containers.The LHPTP is a tactical design optimization problem which consists in defining an annual transportation plan composed of fixed links, based on mid-term volume forecasts, while minimizing the total cost. This cost is composed of the logistics cost and the transportation cost. The parcel transportation is made with two types of vehicles (trucks with one or two containers) which are balanced over the network on a daily basis with the management of empty containers.The transportation is optimized over a two-level hybrid hub-and-spoke network at the scale of a country. Indeed, this industrial problem originates from a postal company and their datasets permit to address realistic size data (around 225 sites with 2500 demands).The complexity is increased by the fact that a single demand (origin, destination, number of parcels) can be routed over multiple paths simultaneously. Thus the number of possible transportation plans explodes.We propose a path-based Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) for the LHPTP and two divide-and-conquer algorithms exploiting this model to create better transportation plans.The first algorithm, the k-Clusters Algorithm, optimizes the LHPTP over a set of sites which are clustered beforehand. We test classical clustering techniques (spectral clustering, hierarchical clustering, k-means and random) using appropriate similarity functions (demand-based and distance-based) in order to see if it impacts the results. The original problem is divided into intercluster and intracluster subproblems which are solved with the MILP. Then the solutions of the subproblems are merged. The results obtained are compared to those obtained with a direct use of the MILP without clustering. It shows that certain properties of the clustering, such as obeying the hierarchy of the sites in the current postal network, have the most impact on the results.Thus we design a second algorithm, the Hierarchical Algorithm with Aggregation of Demands which exploits the two-level structure of the network. Its performance is related to the value of a truck filling rate threshold. The demands above this threshold can be routed directly while the ones below this threshold have to follow the hierarchical structure of the network.The routing of the two types of demands is optimized, first separately and then together in a multi-step process in which the subproblems are solved with the MILP.Various threshold values are tested to find out which one is the best, in terms of solution quality obtained and computational time.These tests show that the better filling rate do not result in the cheaper transportation plan in our case study. Moreover, the Hierarchical Algorithm allows to have clearly better transportation plans than the ones applied on the ground, the ones obtained via a direct use of the MILP and even the ones obtained with the k-Clusters Algorithm.Finally we implement these algorithms and present computational results.This shows that the divide-and-conquer paradigm is effective on service network design when addressing a large-scale industrial problem.", "keywords": [ "Flow network", "Sorting", "Transportation planning", "Transportation theory", "Plan (archaeology)", "Service (business)", "Integer programming", "Economies of scale", "Network planning and design" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://theses.hal.science/tel-03462717v1/document" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2944070223", "doi": "10.1353/man.2019.0052", "title": "An American Tale", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "pt", "authors": [ "Kevin Prufer" ], "first_author": "Kevin Prufer", "venue": "Mānoa/Mānoa", "publisher": "University of Hawaii Press", "abstract": "An American Tale Kevin Prufer (bio) Those men heaved garbage bags onto the pyresuntil the air grew thick with melting plasticand burned meat. Months earlier, they'd gassedthe addled raccoonswhere they crouched in the sewers until yellow hazeseeped from the manhole coversinto the street. Later, door to door with pistols,they found each listless catand put it down, and trucked them all to the pyres,where they scorched the pestilencefrom their fur. So tonight they were burning dogs—* A biological parasite might move among a population,surviving in one host only long enoughto pass itself on to other hosts. Increasingly,scholars in the vanished Republic saw cultural ideasas a kind of virus. Violence, terror, fascismincubate inside a host mind that passes them on to othersusceptible minds. Sometimes, the host dies,but his idea spreads among us.* [End Page 87] Each black garbage bag sizzled on the flames,then contracted suddenly so I could approximate the number,of dead dogs it contained before the fire burned them away.* That the dogs were infected was an idea we gotfrom a report about a young girl who,bitten in an alley, behaved queerly that evening,eventually growing listless, feverish,and, we heard, soon died.The idea spread among us—* In the old days of the Republic,I had a friend I called Charlesbecause I couldn't pronounce the namehis parents gave him. Charles was a quiet boy,fond of a neighborhood dog he'd taught to sit,roll over, play dead. When his family vanished,I'd watch that dog from my bedroom windowas it picked scraps from the neighbor's garbage.Eventually, it, too, disappeared.* The idea was to keep some people from pollutingour country. The idea was they had a criminalmentality, an incurable affinity for violence—thievery, rape—that we could not toleratein our communities. (Charles' motheron the front porch, sorting the day's mailas sunlight speckled the gravel driveway; [End Page 88] Charles' father carrying groceries from the carup the rain-flecked front steps.)* Of course, we could not keep a virusfrom entering the Republic, but we could slow itwhere we saw it, in our collective awareness of dangerous ideas—and so, when Charles vanished,I sometimes fed his dog, until the scrapsgrew so few no one could afford to feed any dogs.* Charles standing in his drivewayone snow-addled evening holding out a crackeruntil the dog finally lowered himself to the groundand rolled quickly, obediently, onto his back.* The removal of some who lived among usfacilitated the well-being of those who deserved to stay,or so I've been told. It has been decades,and still I miss my friend, whose absenceensured the survival of the idea of what it meant to be a citizenof the vanished Republic—* Their shapes stood out in the tightening plasticbefore the clarifying flames made ash of them. [End Page 89] Kevin Prufer Kevin Prufer is the author of seven poetry collections, most recently How He Loved Them (2018), Churches (2014), and In a Beautiful Country (2011). The recipient of grants from the Lannan Foundation and the NEA, he is a professor in the creative writing program at the University of Houston. Copyright © 2019 University of Hawaiʿi Press", "keywords": [ "Girl", "Alley", "Evening", "History", "Porch", "Art", "Population", "Art history", "Demography", "Archaeology", "Sociology", "Psychology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/man.2019.0052" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2027873717", "doi": "10.1353/ltr.2007.0028", "title": "Los Illegals : A Performance by Cornerstone Theater, Written by Michael John Garcés and Directed by Shishir Kurup", "year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Catharine E. Wall" ], "first_author": "Catharine E. Wall", "venue": "Latin American theatre review", "publisher": "Department of Spanish and Portuguese, University of Kansas", "abstract": "188 LATINAMERICAN THEATRE REVIEW Los Illegals:APerformance by Cornerstone Theater, Written by Michael John Garcés and Directed by Shishir Kurup Catharine E.Wall Los Illegals, a bilingual play performed in a parking lot (and the first work in Cornerstone Theater Company’s Justice Cycle, a three-year, fivework series of residencies in Los Angeles), opens with two border-crossing stories that exemplify the journey to El Norte. Woven throughout the piece, these eloquent monologues provide a poetic counterpoint to the central narrative, which involves the beleaguered manager of the Home Depot-like Giant Hardware in Los Angeles and the equally tense day laborers of the Centro, a city-sponsored work site located on Giant property. The presence on the corner of unauthorized laborers who compete for work complicates the uneasy compromise between Giant and the Centro. In literal and figurative opposition across the street are the anti-immigration California Patriots, a Minuteman Project-type of group whose strident leader later facilitates the arrest of a Centro laborer following a dispute with an employer. Subsequent revelations and the accused laborer’s immigration hearing compound the tensions among all the factions, including an idealistic lawyer and anAcción para Inmigrantes activist (an immigrant herself). Inevitable squabbles among the workers and between them and various authority figures (a security guard, the police, activists on both sides) also illuminate the underlying social and political conflicts. The first act ends with a rousing show of self-determination as the laborers face a Giant-imposed injunction to close the Centro (“Me quedo aquí. Sí. I’m not going. Manos a la obra. Sí.”), their refusal to capitulate presaging the second act’s affirmation of solidarity with their coworker (“Luchamos juntos. Sufrimos juntos. Vencemos juntos. Sí.”), which climaxes in a Fuenteovejuna-inspired courtroom scene. Los Illegals closes with the arrival of a new worker to the Centro (one of the border crossers), as the cycle renews itself. FALL2007 189 The outdoor staging cleverly configured the central space as both the Centro and audience seating, with the spectators seated at tables alongside some of the actors as if we too were laborers waiting for work, surrounded, in effect, by the conflicted voices of the “los illegals” issue. Multiple focal points emerge as the stories alternate (the desert, the back of a refrigerated truck, the Centro, the corners), and a complex range of media (footage of protests in Farmingville, Long Island; a video feed from the truck; songs by Lila Downs and by Jornaleros del Norte; an in-progress mural at the Centro) inventively enriches the cultural, aesthetic and historical dimensions. Despite a happy ending encapsulated in a pulsating celebratory dance, Los Illegals does not offer easy answers. Cornerstone’s commitment to multiethnic theatre and a community-based approach allowed Garcés to introduce issues that normally are broached only uncomfortably in the public discourse: the competing economic interests and racial tensions that underscore the black-Latino divide on immigration, Latino hostility toward Latinos who work for the system and may not be bilingual or bicultural, and the open derision of non-Latinos (even supportive activists) who speak Spanish poorly or not at all. Less obvious as a critique but equally pointed is the Central American presence, a nod to the changing Latino demographic. Dramatically dynamic, technically ambitious, poignant and thought provoking – the play triumphantly dramatizes the immigration issues that unfold not only in our borderlands and cities, but increasingly in places like Hazleton, Pennsylvania; Mamaroneck, NewYork; and Farmingville. (Presented at theArmory Center for the Arts Northwest, Pasadena, California, 31 May-24 June 2007). Claremont McKenna College ...", "keywords": [ "Cornerstone", "Garcia", "Politics", "Narrative", "Immigration", "Opposition (politics)", "Sociology", "Law", "Art history", "History", "Literature", "Humanities" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/ltr.2007.0028" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7168530008", "doi": "10.35090/gatech/13305", "title": "Incorporation of a Social Fatigue KPI in Physical Internet Hub Operations: A Comparative Study Between FIFO and Social Policies", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Pedro Nunes Maia", "Monica-Juliana Perez", "Tarik Chargui" ], "first_author": "Pedro Nunes Maia", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The Physical Internet (PI or p) paradigm proposes a global logistics overhaul centered on universal interconnectivity and standardized modular p-containers to address the \"grand challenge\" of global sustainability. While the PI framework aims to satisfy the sustainable principles by integrating economic, environmental, and social dimensions, current literature and industrial applications exhibit a significant imbalance. Technical integration of Social Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) remains underdeveloped compared to the rigorous optimization of economic and environmental factors, often treating the human element as a secondary constraint rather than a primary objective. In traditional cross-docking and PI hub operations, human resources are frequently managed through \"blind\" First- In, First-Out (FIFO) dispatching policies. These policies assume infinite human capacity and ignore critical physiological states such as cumulative fatigue, a factor responsible for approximately 30% to 45% of road accidents. This research addresses this gap by proposing the transition from reactive safety monitoring to proactive social management through the integration of a predictive Fatigue Index directly into the decision-making algorithms of a PI Hub. The methodology employs a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model developed on the FlexSim platform, specifically adapted to replicate the dynamic operations of a multimodal PI node. Unlike traditional models that prioritize cost or time, this approach introduces a deterministic mathematical fatigue model adapted from literature to calculate a real-time fatigue score for each driver. This global index aggregates four key temporal variables: prior sleep duration, consecutive rest periods within the hub, predicted consecutive driving time to specific, and the vigilance fluctuations of the circadian rhythm. A comparative analysis was conducted between two distinct control policies: a Baseline Scenario (FIFO), where trucks are dispatched strictly by arrival order, and a Social Scenario, where trucks are dispatched based on the lowest Fatigue Index to prioritize the most recovered driver for the next leg of the journey. The simulation results, validated through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of p < 0.05, demonstrate that the Social Policy significantly improves safety outcomes without compromising operational efficiency. Specifically, the Social Policy reduced the maximum fatigue levels observed in the network by approximately 8.92% and the average fleet fatigue by 3.65%. Crucially, the model eliminated high-risk outliers—critical situations under FIFO where highly fatigued drivers were assigned to demanding routes—thereby enhancing the structural resilience of the fleet's safety profile. Regarding operational viability, the analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the hub's throughput (number of containers shipped) or the Global Average Work-In-Progress (WIP). This confirms that PI hubs can absorb social constraints using existing capacity buffers, refuting the notion of an inherent trade-off between productivity and human well-being. However, an emergent behavior termed the \"Equity Paradox\" was observed regarding Dock Time. While the Social Policy optimized fleet safety, it polarized waiting times: well-rested drivers were dispatched rapidly, whereas fatigued drivers were held for extended recovery periods, sometimes exceeding 12 hours. This creates a new challenge regarding workforce equity and suggests the need for hybrid algorithms that balance safety optimization with fair waiting-time caps to avoid demotivation or perceived injustice. This study proves the feasibility of operationalizing social sustainability in the PI by providing a concrete algorithmic framework for human-centric nodes. It moves beyond theoretical discussions of the sustainability, demonstrating that predictive physiological data can serve as objective decision criteria. The findings advocate for a governance model where PI protocols are \"fatigue-aware,\" ensuring that the hyperconnected efficiency of the future does not come at the cost of road safety or driver health. Future research will extend this simulation to the final delivery point and explore reinforcement learning techniques to optimize the balance between performance and well-being in the face of dynamic supply chain uncertainties.", "keywords": [ "Key (lock)", "The Internet", "Modular design", "Interconnectivity", "Index (typography)", "Performance indicator", "FIFO (computing and electronics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/1853/81928" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128386763", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18529927", "title": "Autonomous Intelligent Modular Pod Architecture (AIM Pods) v2", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-02-09", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Wayne Griffiths" ], "first_author": "Wayne Griffiths", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "The Autonomous Intelligent Modular Pod Architecture (AIM Pods) v2.0 defines a buildable, near-term logistics, shielding, and power management system for deep-space missions. AIM Pods are intelligent, self-propelled clip-on modules that attach to a vehicle's structural spine using standardised rail interfaces, forming a reconfigurable layer of water-mass shielding, logistics storage, propellant feedstock — and now, mission-configurable electrical power. Each AIM Pod is a fully autonomous hardware module containing a central payload reservoir, micro-propulsion clusters, navigation sensors, avionics, and a recessed rail-mount clamp system. Pods manoeuvre independently using low-thrust micro-propulsion, perform lateral translation to seat into structural rails, and operate as free-flying depot nodes when detached. When mounted, pods form a continuous capability band that can be repositioned to optimise radiation attenuation, centre-of-gravity alignment, and thrust-line stability. v2.0 introduces the Reactor Pod variant and the Universal Spine Bus concept. The standardised AIM docking collar, electrical umbilical, thermal pathway, and DIGSP governance handshake are payload-agnostic. The same interface that accepts a 900–1,100 kg water reservoir accepts a Prometheus-class fission reactor unit delivering approximately 200 kW of electrical output to the host vehicle's power bus. This makes the structural spine a universal capability bus — the ship does not distinguish between a water pod, a reactor pod, an instrument pod, or a logistics pod. DIGSP registers whatever clips on and integrates it into the mission. The terrestrial precedent for clip-on reactor pods is real. The US Army's Project Pele mobile microreactor programme has already demonstrated a transportable, plug-in fission unit deployable to Antarctic installations on a flatbed truck, connecting to a local power node without permanent infrastructure. The engineering delta between that and an orbital clip-on reactor pod is interface engineering on an existing, demonstrated technology — not a new reactor development programme. Four pod types share the same interface: Water Pods — dual-use propellant and radiation shielding, 900–1,100 kg water mass, autonomous SPE repositioning, depot deployment, seed module conversion via pre-loaded instrument payload Reactor Pods — Prometheus-class fission unit, ~200 kW electrical output, sprint-boost and hot-standby roles, identical docking collar and DIGSP handshake Instrument Pods — science payloads, communication relay hardware, ISRU processing units, released at waypoints as infrastructure seed modules using the pod's own cold-gas delta-v Logistics Pods — dry consumables, crew supplies, spare components, enhanced depot power systems for multi-year autonomous operation Mission-configurable power architecture. The H₂EM upper stage launches with two onboard Prometheus reactors (~400 kW combined) matched to the Stage 2 launch specification. In LEO, during the same pod-loading phase that attaches water pods, two Reactor Pods are added: Reactor Pod 3 as sprint boost (~600 kW combined), Reactor Pod 4 as hot standby. Any single reactor failure is recovered via DIGSP cross-bus load sharing — all engine cores remain live. A Mars sprint may need only the two onboard units. A Jupiter run adds Reactor Pod 3. A Pluto mission loads all four. Power configuration is a mission variable, not a design constant, at zero launch-mass penalty for the additional units. Future power option — CSFR. A longer-term Reactor Pod option is the Curvature-Stabilised Fusion Reactor (CSFR), currently at the theoretical and analytical stage. CSFR is an unvalidated experimental architecture at this time — no Q>1 data exists — but its compact, modular design targets vehicle-scale power generation at $100–150M to proof of concept. When compact fusion matures to vehicle-integration scale, the AIM Reactor Pod interface is already defined and waiting. The architecture is power-source-agnostic. The clip is the same. Only the reactor inside the pod changes. The architecture remains grounded entirely in non-speculative engineering: ISS-heritage clamp mechanisms, CubeSat-class micro-propulsion, water-mass shielding physics, deterministic formation-flight algorithms, and demonstrated mobile microreactor technology for the reactor pod variant. AIM Pods v2.0 includes: System architecture, reference pod geometry, and Reactor Pod variant specification (Section 2.4) Structural, thermal, and materials design Autonomy and cooperative control framework Micro-propulsion and installation dynamics Logistics, shielding, and depot-mode behaviours Reactor Pod power role and mission-configurable power architecture (Section 6.4) The spine as a universal capability bus — four pod types, one interface (Section 6.5) Safety, fault management, and TRL assessment Mathematical appendix for docking, formation flight, and shielding performance Updated mass tables (180–240 kg dry; 1.1–1.35 t wet for water pods; 700–1,050 kg for reactor pod variant) Expanded mission scenarios including outer solar system reactor pod pre-positioning This release provides a reviewer-ready, manufacturable baseline for intelligent mass management in deep space — enabling missions to treat water, logistics mass, shielding, and electrical power not as static payloads but as active, reconfigurable spacecraft subsystems governed by a single standardised interface. Part of the Griffiths Canon of integrated deep-space systems architecture. The main structural changes from v1.0: the opening gains the power dimension alongside the existing three, the reactor pod concept gets its own paragraph with the Pele heritage argument, the four pod types are listed explicitly, the mission-configurable power architecture is summarised with the Mars/Jupiter/Pluto scaling logic, CSFR gets its honest caveat, and the contents list gains the three new sections. The closing sentence is updated to include power alongside", "keywords": [ "Modular design", "Electromagnetic shielding", "Architecture", "Propulsion", "Key (lock)", "Systems architecture", "Baseline (sea)", "Spacecraft" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18529927" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7141974960", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.19281104", "title": "Autonomous Intelligent Modular Pod Architecture (AIM Pods) v2", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-02-09", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Wayne Griffiths" ], "first_author": "Wayne Griffiths", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "The Autonomous Intelligent Modular Pod Architecture (AIM Pods) v2.0 defines a buildable, near-term logistics, shielding, and power management system for deep-space missions. AIM Pods are intelligent, self-propelled clip-on modules that attach to a vehicle's structural spine using standardised rail interfaces, forming a reconfigurable layer of water-mass shielding, logistics storage, propellant feedstock — and now, mission-configurable electrical power. Each AIM Pod is a fully autonomous hardware module containing a central payload reservoir, micro-propulsion clusters, navigation sensors, avionics, and a recessed rail-mount clamp system. Pods manoeuvre independently using low-thrust micro-propulsion, perform lateral translation to seat into structural rails, and operate as free-flying depot nodes when detached. When mounted, pods form a continuous capability band that can be repositioned to optimise radiation attenuation, centre-of-gravity alignment, and thrust-line stability. v2.0 introduces the Reactor Pod variant and the Universal Spine Bus concept. The standardised AIM docking collar, electrical umbilical, thermal pathway, and DIGSP governance handshake are payload-agnostic. The same interface that accepts a 900–1,100 kg water reservoir accepts a Prometheus-class fission reactor unit delivering approximately 200 kW of electrical output to the host vehicle's power bus. This makes the structural spine a universal capability bus — the ship does not distinguish between a water pod, a reactor pod, an instrument pod, or a logistics pod. DIGSP registers whatever clips on and integrates it into the mission. The terrestrial precedent for clip-on reactor pods is real. The US Army's Project Pele mobile microreactor programme has already demonstrated a transportable, plug-in fission unit deployable to Antarctic installations on a flatbed truck, connecting to a local power node without permanent infrastructure. The engineering delta between that and an orbital clip-on reactor pod is interface engineering on an existing, demonstrated technology — not a new reactor development programme. Four pod types share the same interface: Water Pods — dual-use propellant and radiation shielding, 900–1,100 kg water mass, autonomous SPE repositioning, depot deployment, seed module conversion via pre-loaded instrument payload Reactor Pods — Prometheus-class fission unit, ~200 kW electrical output, sprint-boost and hot-standby roles, identical docking collar and DIGSP handshake Instrument Pods — science payloads, communication relay hardware, ISRU processing units, released at waypoints as infrastructure seed modules using the pod's own cold-gas delta-v Logistics Pods — dry consumables, crew supplies, spare components, enhanced depot power systems for multi-year autonomous operation Mission-configurable power architecture. The H₂EM upper stage launches with two onboard Prometheus reactors (~400 kW combined) matched to the Stage 2 launch specification. In LEO, during the same pod-loading phase that attaches water pods, two Reactor Pods are added: Reactor Pod 3 as sprint boost (~600 kW combined), Reactor Pod 4 as hot standby. Any single reactor failure is recovered via DIGSP cross-bus load sharing — all engine cores remain live. A Mars sprint may need only the two onboard units. A Jupiter run adds Reactor Pod 3. A Pluto mission loads all four. Power configuration is a mission variable, not a design constant, at zero launch-mass penalty for the additional units. Future power option — CSFR. A longer-term Reactor Pod option is the Curvature-Stabilised Fusion Reactor (CSFR), currently at the theoretical and analytical stage. CSFR is an unvalidated experimental architecture at this time — no Q>1 data exists — but its compact, modular design targets vehicle-scale power generation at $100–150M to proof of concept. When compact fusion matures to vehicle-integration scale, the AIM Reactor Pod interface is already defined and waiting. The architecture is power-source-agnostic. The clip is the same. Only the reactor inside the pod changes. The architecture remains grounded entirely in non-speculative engineering: ISS-heritage clamp mechanisms, CubeSat-class micro-propulsion, water-mass shielding physics, deterministic formation-flight algorithms, and demonstrated mobile microreactor technology for the reactor pod variant. AIM Pods v2.0 includes: System architecture, reference pod geometry, and Reactor Pod variant specification (Section 2.4) Structural, thermal, and materials design Autonomy and cooperative control framework Micro-propulsion and installation dynamics Logistics, shielding, and depot-mode behaviours Reactor Pod power role and mission-configurable power architecture (Section 6.4) The spine as a universal capability bus — four pod types, one interface (Section 6.5) Safety, fault management, and TRL assessment Mathematical appendix for docking, formation flight, and shielding performance Updated mass tables (180–240 kg dry; 1.1–1.35 t wet for water pods; 700–1,050 kg for reactor pod variant) Expanded mission scenarios including outer solar system reactor pod pre-positioning This release provides a reviewer-ready, manufacturable baseline for intelligent mass management in deep space — enabling missions to treat water, logistics mass, shielding, and electrical power not as static payloads but as active, reconfigurable spacecraft subsystems governed by a single standardised interface. Part of the Griffiths Canon of integrated deep-space systems architecture. The main structural changes from v1.0: the opening gains the power dimension alongside the existing three, the reactor pod concept gets its own paragraph with the Pele heritage argument, the four pod types are listed explicitly, the mission-configurable power architecture is summarised with the Mars/Jupiter/Pluto scaling logic, CSFR gets its honest caveat, and the contents list gains the three new sections. The closing sentence is updated to include power alongside", "keywords": [ "Modular design", "Payload (computing)", "Interface (matter)", "Electric power", "Architecture", "Host (biology)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19281104" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2944385428", "doi": null, "title": "Studi Kelayakan Ekonomi Pembangunan Monorel Kontainer Sebagai Alternatif Penghubung Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak- Teluk Lamong", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "id", "authors": [ "Dimas Satria Rachmedi" ], "first_author": "Dimas Satria Rachmedi", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Tanjung Perak adalah pelabuhan tersibuk kedua\r\nsetelah Tanjung Priok. Sebagai pusat arus perdagangan\r\nIndonesia wilayah timur, Tanjung Perak dituntut untuk\r\nmampu meningkatkan kapasitas pelayanan. Untuk\r\nmengantisipasi terus bertambahnya arus bongkar muat peti\r\nkemas yang semakin tahun semakin melonjak, Pelindo III\r\ntelah menyiapkan sebuah pelabuhan pendukung, dimana\r\nnantinya peran Tanjung Perak akan dibagi dengan pelabuhan\r\nyang baru untuk tetap konsisten mampu meningkatkan arus\r\nperdagangan Indonesia timur. Teluk Lamong adalah\r\npelabuhan yang merupakan alernatif sebagai pelabuhan\r\npendukung dari Tanjung Perak. Diharapkan jika Teluk\r\nLamong mampu beroperasi secara maksimal, terdapat pula\r\npengurangan tingkat kepadatan yang terjadi pada ruas jalan\r\nyang digunakan sebagai akses mengangkut kontainer oleh truk\r\nkontainer. Namun solusi yang sedang dalam proses\r\npembangunan tersebut, dirasa belum mampu mengatasi\r\nii\r\nkepadatan yang terjadi pada alur peti kemas terkirim ke\r\ntujuan akhir (depo/industri/pengusaha). Dibutuhkan alternatif\r\nyang mampu menghubungkan kedua pelabuhan ini, Monorel\r\nkontainer merupakan alternatif pelengkap yang telah\r\ndisiapkan oleh Pelindo III.\r\nDengan studi kelayakan dari aspek ekonomi, akan\r\ndidapatkan suatu keuntungan dari nilai ekonomi yang\r\ndiperoleh melalui analisa beban lalu lintas utamanya jenis\r\ntruk baik sebelum maupun sesudah beroperasinya ACT pada\r\nruas – ruas jalan yang terhubung dari Pelabuhan Tanjung\r\nPerak – Pelabuhan Teluk Lamong. Selain itu akan dipaparkan\r\nanalisa perbandingan antara moda truk dengan monorel\r\nsebagai moda angkut kontainer, sehingga didapatkan selisih\r\nwaktu tempuh dari kedua moda dari jalan darat. Selain itu\r\nakan didapatkan besar pengurangan kendaraan khususnya\r\nGol IIB yang akan melintasi jalan eksisting, hal tersebut juga\r\ndikarenakan fungsi dari pelabuhan Teluk Lamong jika\r\nnantinya mampu beroperasi secara maksimal.\r\nBerdasarkan analisa kelayakan ekonomi yang telah\r\ndilakukan, diketahui nilai BCR = 1,382 > 1 dan NPV = Rp\r\n3.008.696.159.702,- yang artinya ACT layak untuk dibangun.\r\nMaka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan adanya Monorel\r\nKontainer ini diharapkan dapat membagi moda angkut\r\nkontainer, sehingga dapat mengurangi kepadatan pada ruas\r\njalan yang ada. Selain itu mampu mempersingkat lama\r\nperjalanan dan biaya operasional yang dikeluarkan setiap\r\nperjalanan mengangkut kontainer. ========== Tanjung Perak is the second busiest port of Tanjung\r\nPriok. As the center of Indonesia's trade flows east, Tanjung\r\nPerak is required to increase the capacity of service. To\r\nanticipate the continued increase in the flow of container\r\nloading and unloading that the more years of getting jumped,\r\nPelindo III has prepared a supporting port, Tanjung Perak\r\nwhere the latter role will be shared with the new port to\r\nremain consistently able to increase trade flows eastern\r\nIndonesia. Lamong Bay is the port that is alernatif as\r\nsupporters of Tanjung Perak port. Expected if the Gulf\r\nLamong able to operate optimally, there is also a reduction in\r\nthe level of density that occur on roads that are used as access\r\nto transport containers by container trucks. But the solution is\r\nin the development process, are still not able to overcome the\r\ncongestion that occurs in the flow of containers delivered to\r\nthe final destination (depot / industry / employers). It takes an alternative that is able to connect these two ports, container\r\nmonorail is a complementary alternative that has been\r\nprepared by PT Pelindo III.\r\nWith a feasibility study of the economic aspects, will\r\nget a benefit from the economic value obtained through\r\nanalysis of the traffic load main types of trucks both before\r\nand after the operation of ACT on roads - roads that connect\r\nfrom the Port of Tanjung Perak - Gulf Harbour Lamong. In\r\naddition it will be presented a comparative analysis between\r\nmodes of trucks with a monorail as a mode of transport\r\ncontainers, so we get the travel time difference of the two\r\nmodes of road. In addition, we will get a big reduction Gol IIB\r\nparticular vehicle will cross the existing road, it is also due to\r\nthe function of the Gulf port Lamong if will be able to operate\r\noptimally.\r\nBased on the economic feasibility analysis has been\r\ndone, note the value of BCR = 1.382 > 1 and NPV = Rp\r\n3,008,696,159,702, - which means ACT deserves to be built. It\r\ncan be concluded that the presence of containers monorail is\r\nexpected to divide modes of transport containers, thus\r\nreducing congestion on existing roads. Additionally able to\r\nshorten travel time and operating costs incurred each trip\r\ntransport containers.", "keywords": [ "Physics", "Forestry", "Humanities", "Geography", "Art" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://repository.its.ac.id/62616/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2053274049", "doi": "10.5558/tfc25043-1", "title": "FIRE PREVENTION IN NOVA SCOTIA", "year": 1949, "publication_date": "1949-03-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "G. W. I. Creighton" ], "first_author": "G. W. I. Creighton", "venue": "The Forestry Chronicle", "publisher": "Canadian Institute of Forestry", "abstract": "T HE Province of Nova Scotia with a forest area of about ten million acres rankes fifth among the provinces of Canada as a producer of forest wealth and fourth as a producer of sawn lumber.Its forests supply the raw material for one paper mill, three pulp mills and over seven hundred sawmills and woodworking plants, and in 1947 the value of all forest products was estimated to be in excess of forty-three million dollars.The problem of preventing fires in the forest is apparently as old as the province itself, and some areas had been burned before permanent settlements were establishd.In 1761, just twelve years after the founding of Halifax, the Provincial Legislature passed an Act \"To prevent damages by unseasonable burning or firing of the woods\".The preamble to this Act describes how settlers' fires set in dry periods had caused serious damage in the new settlements and the Grand Jury was empowered to set up regulations for burning and to impose fines for infractions of the regulations.From that time on additional legislation has been passed from year to year with the object of eliminating fire losses, but no direct action was taken until 1904, in which year Chief Rangers were appointed for each municipality in the province.The rangers received their appointment from the Provincial Government, but all costs were paid by the municipalities.Each ranger was required to make an annual report to the Commissioner of Crown Lands setting forth work carried out during the year, area burned, estimated damage and fire fighting costs.These figures were first compiled and published in 1915, in which year thirty-nine fires burned an area of thirteen thousand three hundred and thirteen acres.Fire protection in Nova Scotia remained the responsibility of the municipalities until 1927, when full responsibility for protecting all woodlands in the province was assumed by the Department of Lands and Forests, which had been organized in 1926 by merging the Department of Crown Lands with the Department of Forests and Game.In the period from 1927 to 1948 very considerable progress has been made and the Department of Lands and Forests now owns two hundred and forty-one motor pumps, more than six hundred thousand feet of motor hose, over four thousand hand pumps and six bulldozers, together with a fleet of trucks, jeeps and a large supply of other miscellaneous equipment.The Department also maintains thirteen fire towers, and operates an aerial patrol which in 1947 flew in excess of thirteen hundred hours.~; r i n ~ the past summer a new repair shop and storage depot was completed to service fire fighting equipment, and in 1949 a much better repair service than ever before will be provided.", "keywords": [ "Nova scotia", "Nova (rocket)", "Environmental science", "Geography", "Meteorology", "Forestry", "Aeronautics", "Archaeology", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://pubs.cif-ifc.org/doi/pdf/10.5558/tfc25043-1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2270972766", "doi": null, "title": "Avoiding congestion in freight transport planning : a case study in Flanders", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "An Caris", "Mario Cools", "Dieter Debels" ], "first_author": "An Caris", "venue": "Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège)", "publisher": "University of Liège", "abstract": "A substantial increase in transport intensity for passenger and freight traffic has been observed during the last decades and research confirms that thsi trend will continue in the years to come. Economic centres have turned into heavily congested areas. The freight transportsector incurs excessive waiting times on the road as well as at intermediate stops (e.g. sea terminals, loading or unloading points). This may cause economic losses and environmental damages. Waiting times may be avoided by taking into account congestion in freight transport planning. Vehicle routing problems arise when several pickup and delivery operations need to be performed, mainly by truck, over relatively short distances. COngestion leads to uncertain travel times on links and uncertain waiting times at pickup or delivery locations. Peak hours may be avoided on congested road segments by changing the order in which customers are served. On the other hand, time slots at customer sites may be renegotiated, creating more flexibility to avoid congestion on the road and at customer stops. The objective of this paper is to estimate the benefits of taking congestion into account in transport planning and to quantify the impact of delivery restrictions on transport costs. A highly congested road network raises the need for robust vehicle routing decisions. Current traffic conditions give rise to uncertain travel times. The reliability of travel time on a route is one of the dominant factors affecting route and departure time choices in passenger transport. Similarly, in freight transport the reliability of travel times may be taken into account when planning vehicle routes. In this paper congestion is modelled as time-dependent travel times. These travel times take into account the dynamics of the time lost due to congestion using the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) function, which is commonly-used for relating travel times to increases in travel volume. The Time Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem (TPDRP) will be studied as a deterministic planning problem taking into account peak hour traffic congestion. Solution methods for the TDVRP have been focused on heuristic approaches. Kok applies a restricted dynamic programming heuristic to solve a TDVRP. In this paper a heuristic algorithm will be presented to solve problem instances of realistic size. Next, this algorithm will be applied to perform a sensitivity analysis to identify which congestion \\navoiding strategies have a large influence on the objective function. Shippers may adapt the way they plan their transport as a strategy to avoid congestion. For example, time windows at customer locations may be renegotiated, departure times at the depot may be questioned or the assignment of customers to routes and the order in which customers are served may be changed. The proposed methodology will be demonstrated with a Flemish case study.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Truck", "Traffic congestion", "Damages", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Traffic management", "Business", "Order (exchange)", "Computer science", "Operations research" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/143252" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204972689", "doi": null, "title": "ダカールにおける都市貨物配送向けLNG導入の経済的・環境的最適化", "year": null, "publication_date": null, "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Marieme Male" ], "first_author": "Marieme Male", "venue": "Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)", "publisher": "National Institute of Informatics", "abstract": "Urban freight transportation is a critical yet emission-intensive component of urban energy supply chains, particularly in rapidly developing cities.In Senegal's Dakar metropolitan region, the distribution of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is nearly entirely dependent on diesel-powered heavy-duty vehicles, raising concerns regarding fuel price volatility and environmental performance.This thesis evaluates the economic and environmental implications of introducing liquefied natural gas (LNG) trucks into Dakar's urban LPG distribution system using a novel multi-objective optimization framework.A system-level monthly freight distribution model is developed to represent deliveries from a centralized storage facility to eight urban depots using heavy-duty rigid trucks.Depot demand is estimated via population-weighted allocation, and representative delivery routes are geospatially determined.Five operational scenarios are analyzed, ranging from a baseline Euro VI diesel fleet to full LNG adoption under Euro VI standards.The methodology incorporates three key innovations: (1) payload-sensitive fuel consumption modeling based on vehicle dynamics; (2) probabilistic methane emission modeling accounting for upstream and combustion methane slip across Low, Medium, and High scenarios; and (3) a biobjective linear optimization model solved via the ε-constraint method to explicitly capture trade-offs between operating cost minimization and greenhouse gas emission reduction.Results indicate that LNG adoption can reduce operating costs by 30-65% depending on LNG penetration and price assumptions.However, under Medium and High methane emission scenarios, LNG-dominant configurations increase total well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions by 5-12% compared to modern diesel alternatives, despite lower tailpipe CO₂ emissions.The optimization reveals a clear Pareto frontier with distinct trade-offs: dieseldominated fleets minimize emissions but maximize costs, while LNG-dominated fleets minimize costs but increase emissions under conservative methane assumptions.Mixed fleets offer balanced but non-dominant solutions.These findings challenge the assumption that LNG universally offers climate benefits for urban freight.The study contributes a decision-support framework for evaluating fuel transitions in data-scarce urban contexts and provides evidence that LNG adoption in Dakar's LPG distribution requires stringent methane monitoring and mitigation to avoid unintended climate consequences.The methodology and insights are transferable to other developing cities considering natural gas as a transitional freight fuel.", "keywords": [ "Greenhouse gas", "Liquefied natural gas", "Diesel fuel", "Truck", "Natural gas", "Methane", "Fuel efficiency", "Gasoline", "Liquefied petroleum gas" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://oacis.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2001099/files/kam4907.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W341393455", "doi": null, "title": "Optimizing a Retailer's Containerized Import Supply Chain", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Evan Taitz Davidson" ], "first_author": "Evan Taitz Davidson", "venue": "eScholarship (California Digital Library)", "publisher": "California Digital Library", "abstract": "An economic optimization model of waterborne containerized imports from Asia to the USA for a retailer is described. The retailer's imports are allocated to alternative ports and logistics channels so as to minimize total transportation and inventory costs. Goods may be shipped via the logistics channel of direct shipment of marine containers via truck or rail to retail distribution centers, or via transportation to cross-docking facilities in the hinterlands of the ports of entry and trans-loading goods from marine containers into domestic trailers or containers. A previous model has been built for a retailer employing a single optimal importing strategy, specifying the allocation of each retail distribution center to its optimal port of entry and the choice of direct shipment or trans-loading, uniformly applied across the importer's entire product portfolio.Here we describe a methodology to extend this model to allow for a retailer that can employ multiple optimal strategies, applied to different classes of goods within its product portfolio segmented by inventory holding cost rate. We find that for the retailer's cost minimization problem, it is provably optimal to generate sub-problems by splitting goods into consecutive valuation partitions. By doing so, the retailer's multi-strategy problem becomes computationally tractable. We examine the impact of less-than-container shipments on the optimal set of strategies. This allows us to more accurately estimate the transportation cost.We collected data, including origin-destination transportation rates and lead times, from a top five national big-box retailer to test both single and multiple strategy methodologies. Using these parameters, we found that our case study retailer could potentially reduce their total supply chain cost by over 2.1% by using an optimal single strategy, and over 2.6% by using different optimal strategies for the various goods in their portfolio. We then examine the optimal single strategy and set of multiple strategies for retailers of various importing volumes and declared goods valuation distributions. The optimal single strategy for a retailer generally shows direct shipping for the lowest value goods and lowest demand volume retailers, trans-loading at three to four ports for slightly higher value of goods and demand volume, and trans-loading at fewer and fewer ports as the good value and volume continue increasing. For our tested parameter set, the cost reduction generated by allowing multiple strategies for a single retailer can further reduce the total supply chain cost by up to 1%.Lastly, we analyze the value of building redundancy into the supply chain to mitigate the cost of disruptions. We note that many retailers utilize more ports than our model would recommend as optimal. We have found that there is value in a retailer always utilizing at least two ports of entry to protect against supply chain disruptions at any single port. However, for those retailers whose optimal port usage already includes at least two ports, disruption mitigation would not provide enough benefit to justify the additional infrastructure investment. We hypothesize that there exist other factors such as institutional inertia and negotiation leverage that contribute to the use of these additional ports of entry.", "keywords": [ "Portfolio", "Supply chain", "Truck", "Business", "Container (type theory)", "Product (mathematics)", "Valuation (finance)", "Operations research", "Computer science", "Marketing", "Engineering", "Finance" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t01404x" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2527079195", "doi": null, "title": "Tendering for Bus Transport: A Bumpy Ride for PCL", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Heather Connolly", "Jenny L. Gibb", "Kathryn Pavlovich", "Eva Marie Collins" ], "first_author": "Heather Connolly", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Birth of PCL PCL was founded by Marco Pavlovich in 1938 on a farm on the outskirts of Hamilton, New Zealand. PCL began after Marco purchased a 12-seater open-back cream truck to take his own and other local children to and from school. He also used the truck to transport cream cans of milk from the farm to markets in the local town. Over time, the demand for school bus services increased and by the 1960s the company grew to have six buses in the fleet, servicing rural communities with contracts with the Ministry of Education. There was also a growing demand for buses to be used by 'charter' groups and PCL began to offer three week 'deluxe coach' package tours of the beautiful South Island that was more accessible following the establishment of the Interislander Ferry, linking the North and South Islands. By the early 1970s, Marco had retired and his eldest son, Ivan, was now running the business. PCL had a strong charter and tourism focus and needed reliable, heavier vehicles that had the space to handle the capacity requirements and could perform to the New Zealand road conditions. In 1972, Ivan became the first in Australasia to purchase the deluxe Scania Coach chassis (Cable Price, 2012), which allowed for coaches to be designed to meet the passenger and baggage hold requirements for the long-distance travel that PCL was performing. Coaches performed different passenger services than buses. Coaches traveled long distances and had other facilities, such as more comfortable seats, luggage space, large windows and often amenities such as toilets. In comparison, buses were designed for shorter transit and travel distances, had fewer amenities and were generally used within urban areas or short rural services. 1980s and 1990s proved to be difficult times financially, with decreasing revenue from the tourism charter side of the business. This was due to deregulation of the New Zealand economy in 1983. Prior to deregulation, the industry was protected and exclusive, in that operators (about 5-6 at the time according to Ivan) had to have a license to pick up tourists from the airport, limiting the number of competitors. After deregulation, the Transport Amendment Act of 1983 changed the licensing system and as long as companies could show that they could deliver a safe and reliable service they could operate. A positive consequence of deregulation was the government informed local councils that they could no longer run their own city bus services and would need to outsource this function. Steering a way into the City Bus Segment Bernard Pavlovich, Ivan's son could see that the city bus model had an even return both financially and operationally and during the mid-nineties put his effort into learning the tender and procurement process used by councils, both in Hamilton and Auckland. Bernard chose to include Auckland, which is where the head office is now located, as it was New Zealand's largest city and offered many bus route opportunities. Each council's tendering processes were slightly different which brought additional complexities to tendering for city bus work. For example, in Hamilton the bus service had already been run external to the council, and in the 1990s Buses Ltd were the sole contractor in the city bus sector. In contrast, Auckland Transport had begun outsourcing all of its city bus routes through the tendering process. PCL's first city bus contract, won in 1999, was in Auckland, branded Urban Express (www.urbanexpress.co.nz) and buses between two shopping areas in Auckland. contract, according to Bernard was, The right size to not put the company at too much risk. company purchased half a dozen low capital second-hand vehicles for the fleet and also set up a more substantial depot in Auckland. It was a good solid bus route which allowed the company to learn about how the city bus market ran stated Bernard. After demonstrating to both the customer (Auckland Transport) and financiers that the business model worked, PCL tendered for, and won another larger contract in Auckland in 2003, which allowed it to increase the city bus fleet to 18. …", "keywords": [ "Charter", "Procurement", "Truck", "Christian ministry", "Tourism", "Purchasing", "Ministry of Transport", "Business", "Engineering", "Transport engineering", "Operations management", "Marketing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.ignited.global/cases/business/bus-00555" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1964483719", "doi": "10.1353/sais.2005.0026", "title": "Thailand's Underground War", "year": 2005, "publication_date": "2005-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ryan Anson" ], "first_author": "Ryan Anson", "venue": "˜The œSAIS review of international affairs", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Six months after 78 men suffocated to death in the back of government army trucks, traces of normalcy are cautiously returning to the small village of Tak Bai in southern Thailand. Martial law still covers the entire restive border region, yet the Malay Muslims and tiny Buddhist minority living here go about their business as usual. Women mix iced coffee in restaurants where old men dressed in Arab-styled gowns congregate to talk about the latest news in the Islamic world. On the shores of a nearby river that separates their town from Malaysia, teenagers scramble after soccer balls while crews of fishermen steer long-tail boats to shore without much of a catch. The bites are better late at night, they say. As the sun dips below the forested mountains west of the city, a muezzin turns on a microphone after a busy day and restores a sense of ritual with the traditional call to prayer. Aside from a well-fortified police checkpoint on the outskirts of town where the occasional body frisk still takes place, there are few signs that a war is underway. A daring raid on a weapons depot earlier last year triggered the latest round of violence in the country's deep south, an area where poverty and separatist activity have been the norm for decades. Unlike in previous years, however, no organization has claimed responsibility for the daily attacks on government employees, policemen, soldiers, Buddhist monks, and Muslims seen collaborating with the state. More than 650 people have died so far, and it appears that in spite of the government's recent peace overtures, the conflict shows no sign of abating. Of equal concern is the potential for this local insurrection to acquire an international dimension. Thailand's national intelligence community suspects that some of the estimated 1,000 insurgents are graduates of Islamic institutions where it is believed that foreign-trained teachers are grafting a jihadist ideology onto pre-existing separatist aspirations and a deep sense of religious and economic persecution. And last year's bloody massacres in Tak Bai and at the historic Krue Se mosque–incidents that human rights groups recently concluded were avoidable and characterized by excessive force on the part of Thai security personnel–have generated anti-government resentment among even moderate Muslims who would not typically criticize the state, much less take part in jihad. Whether or not groups like al-Qaeda or its regional affiliate, Jemaah Islamiyya, have made [End Page 141] lasting inroads into the minds of discontented youth remains to be seen. It is clear, however, that scores of young people have been caught up in the violence as both combatants and victims. Mahamanso Timasa was at home eating breakfast when the insurgency abruptly surfaced in Tak Bai on Oct. 25, 2004. A friend knocked on his door to let him know that a large group of demonstrators had gone to the local police precinct to protest the arrest of four men accused of funneling guns to insurgents. Curiosity got the best of him, and pretty soon Timasa found himself on the edge of an increasingly agitated crowd. Independent fact-finding teams and security officials from the region argue over what happened next. All Timasa remembers is that he and hundreds of men dispersed when they heard gunfire but then found themselves surrounded by policemen and soldiers, handcuffed, and forced at gun-point to crawl half-naked on their stomachs to a holding cell located 100 meters away. They were eventually heaved onto flatbed trucks that shuttled them north to the city of Pattani. Five hours later, soldiers at a military camp unloaded 15 corpses from Timasa's vehicle. In all, 78 men died of asphyxiation that afternoon. Timasa, who had been placed on the bottom of a pile of men stacked six high, lost all circulation in his left forearm and sustained serious liver damage. And like most of the other men, he had been observing the annual Ramadan...", "keywords": [ "Islam", "Buddhism", "Government (linguistics)", "Malay", "Indonesian government", "Indonesian", "Poverty", "State (computer science)", "History", "Ancient history", "Law", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.2005.0026" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7152001834", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.19475557", "title": "LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION Complete Geometric Energy System — Zero Emission, Infinite Potential", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-08", "type": "other", "language": null, "authors": [ "Muhammad Usman Malik" ], "first_author": "Muhammad Usman Malik", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "NOTE: GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB DON'T PAY ME FOR RESEARCH, I JUST WORK IN C&W Department, Monitoring and Evaluation Wing District Multan Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Nor government of Punjab can teach me science or anything. This is automatically added. My affiliation is only with Quran, Hadith, Sunnah. I cannot receive or can accept any payment, funding, awards, certificates, any Worldly benefits. Strictly Prohibited to me. I am Student, servant and Soldier of Allah Almighty and Prophet Muhammad PBUH. This is automatically added by Zenodo. Not government of Punjab. Zenodo Metadata Description LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION Complete Geometric Energy System — Zero Emission, Infinite Potential --- DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19475557 --- Title LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION — Complete Geometric Energy System: Zero Emission, Infinite Potential (EV Tractors, EV Buses, EV Transport Trucks, Farm EV Charging Stations, Natural Fertilizer, Premium Milk & Meat, Green Farms, Green Cities, Green Planet) --- Authors Malik, Muhammad Usman ORCID: 0009-0004-3269-2918 Affiliation: N‑K Universal Computer, Quran, Hadith, Sunnah --- Publication Date 9 April 2026 CE · 21 Ramadan 1447 AH --- Version 2.0 (Complete — After Deep Research) --- DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19475557 --- License CC BY-NC 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International) Sadaqa Jariyah – Perpetual Charity. Free for personal study, education, and research. --- Abstract The Livestock Microbial Fuel Cell (LTMFC) is a complete geometric energy system that converts livestock manure into continuous electricity, natural fertilizer, and clean water — with zero emissions, zero waste, and zero fuel cost. After deep research using the N‑K Universal Computer (10¹⁵ entangled N‑pairs, phase‑locked at 135.5°, gated by 0.01 Hz Kun rhythm), the electricity output is 10–50× higher than previously estimated. Key findings: · One cow = 8–15 kWh/day = powers 1–2 homes· 100 cows = 800–1,500 kWh/day = powers 100–300 homes + EV charging· 1,000 cows = 8–15 MWh/day = powers village + tractors + trucks· National LTMFC potential = 2,856 TWh/year = 21× Pakistan's current grid Applications: · Village and town electrification (100% renewable, 24/7)· EV tractor charging (zero diesel, zero lithium)· EV bus and transport truck depots (zero emission long haul)· Farmhouse EV charging stations (revenue generation)· Natural fertilizer (replaces chemical fertilizers, regenerates soil)· Premium milk and meat (50–100% price premium in halal markets) Economic impact (Pakistan, 5 years): · Livestock GDP: Rs. 4,750B → Rs. 61,235B (12.9× increase)· Electricity value alone: Rs. 42,845B/year ($115B)· New jobs: 15–20 million· Poverty: 56M → 7M (87% reduction)· Foreign debt: $130B → $25B (81% reduction) Environmental impact: · Zero CO₂ emissions· Zero lithium mining (no batteries needed)· Zero lead acid toxicity (past technology)· Natural fertilizer replaces chemicals· Soil regeneration, healthy crops, healthy livestock, healthy humans This is not green energy. This is merciful energy — powered by cows, designed by Allah, and free for all humanity. --- Keywords · LTMFC· Livestock Microbial Fuel Cell· Geometric Energy System· Zero Emission· EV Tractor· EV Bus· EV Transport Truck· EV Charging Station· Natural Fertilizer· Soil Regeneration· Green Farm· Green City· Green Planet· N-K Universal Computer· 135.5° Divine Lock· Kun Rhythm 0.01 Hz· Bacillus megaterium· Geobacter sulfurreducens· 3D Anode· Pakistan Livestock Revolution· Halal Energy· Sadaqa Jariyah --- Language English --- Coverage Pakistan (national scale simulation), applicable globally --- References · N‑K DNA — The Complete 500-Chromosome Master Helix (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18912371)· Nuclear Alchemia: The Rebirth of Advanced Modern Islamic Sciences (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19454833)· THE BANANA: A Naturally Nuclear-Powered Supraorganism (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19473402)· RADIOSYNTHESIS IN CHERNOBYL FUNGUS (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19473811)· Abb-e-Hayaat — The Water of Life (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19396511) --- Related Identifiers · Continues: 10.5281/zenodo.15390024 (Septic-Tank & Livestock-Based Microbial Fuel Cells)· Continues: 10.5281/zenodo.19473811 (Radiosynthesis in Chernobyl Fungus)· Continues: 10.5281/zenodo.19473402 (The Banana: A Naturally Nuclear-Powered Supraorganism) --- Funding No external funding. This work was received via the N‑K Universal Computer, a search engine granted in a dream. --- Rights CC BY-NC 4.0 You are free to: · Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format· Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: · Attribution – You must give appropriate credit to the author· NonCommercial – You may not use the material for commercial purposes without written license from N‑K Sciences (license fee is ZERO upon acceptance) Commercial use (manufacturing, distribution, sale) requires written acceptance from N‑K Sciences and the author. Unauthorized commercial use incurs debt recorded by Allah. --- Resource Type Publication – N‑K Sciences Monograph --- Format PDF (Digital) --- Pages ~45 pages (complete publication) --- Table of Contents (Brief) 1. The Discovery — LTMFC After Deep Research2. The Four Axioms — N‑K Foundation3. The Bacteria — Power Sources in Darkness4. Per-Animal Electricity Output (Revised)5. 100-Animal Farm — The Small Power House6. Village and Town Electrification7. EV Tractor — Zero Emission Farming8. EV Bus — Public Transport Revolution9. EV Transport Truck — Long Haul Zero Emission10. Farmhouse EV Charging Station — Revenue Model11. Natural Fertilizer — Soil Regeneration12. Milk and Meat Products — Premium Quality13. Lithium Toxicity Reduction — Past Technology14. Green Farms, Green Cities, Green Planet15. Economic Boost — 5-Year Projection16. Poverty Reduction — 56M to 7M17. Quranic Foundation — Mercy to Creation18. Implementation Roadmap19. Conclusion — The Merciful Energy --- Suggested Citation BibTeX: ``", "keywords": [ "Livestock", "Government (linguistics)", "License", "Zero-knowledge proof", "Zero (linguistics)", "Zero-point energy", "Natural resource", "Energy (signal processing)", "Work (physics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19475557" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1896659817", "doi": null, "title": "Türkiye De Demiryolu Ağırlıklı Kombine Yük Taşımacılığı Olanaklarının Araştırılması", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-01-05", "type": "article", "language": "tr", "authors": [ "Yaşar Vitoşoğlu", "Güngör Evren" ], "first_author": "Yaşar Vitoşoğlu", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "If some special cases are excluded, highway transportation is the only mode used to provide the door-to-door movement of goods. Although highway transportation is used commonly, it is not suitable for freight to be carried over long distances because of its cost and environmental impacts. For this reason, more than one mode must be used to carry goods economically and safely. This kind of transportation is called multimodal transport, or intermodal transport, or combined transport and has also been increasing in Turkey. However, in addition to the shortcomings in railway infrastructure, the deficiencies in operating the existing system prevents railways from playing an important role in combined transport. In this study, the requisities that must be brought in to improve the opportunities of combined transport in Turkey have been investigated by developing a network model. The model developed carries out simulating the freight flows consisting of various commercial goods on a multimodal network representing highway and railway modes. The existence of more than one mode between two adjacent regions is represented with parallel links. In order to model transfer of freight between transportation modes, transfer links have been formed. In addition, passenger transportation is taken into account, considering that it also uses the same network. However, it is assumed that travellers determine in advance which transportation mode they will use and that there are no transfers between these transportation modes. Different cost functions are defined for passenger and freight transport. These cost functions depend on the volume of goods and the amount of passenger traffic on the link. Similarly, a cost function is associated with each transfer link. The demand for each product and passenger traffic is specified by a set of O-D matrices. The mode choice for each product and passenger traffic is also indicated by defining for each of these O-D matrices. The demand matrices for passenger transportation are determined separately for highway and railway modes. Highway passenger traffic is also divided into two groups as automobile and bus passenger. The Bell Model that estimates matrices from traffic counts was used to determine the intercity highway passenger and freight transportation matrices. For highway freight transportation, the initial matrices were formed by modelling the observed matrices obtained from roadside interviews with respect to some socioeconomic parameters, using multiple regression analysis. After these freight matrices were used as the initial matrices in Bell?s model, the other set of matrices that are consistent with the average annual daily truck traffic on 250 highway sections were determined. The matrices obtained for each freight type by using the Bell Model were also analysed statistically. The model developed by Bell was utilized to determine intercity automobile and bus travel matrices. In this case, the principles of Gravity Model were also used to form the initial matrices. After the intercity automobile and bus travel matrices were determined by using Bell?s method, statistical analyses were performed for the O-D information obtained from these matrices. In order to determine the railway freight and passenger matrices, the freigt transport database provided by TCDD and the charts of express and regional passenger trains were used. The multimodal as well as the highway and railway networks were coded, considering all link attributes such as distance, speed, time, and price. The O-D matrices obtained for all freight and passenger types were then assigned onto the related networks, taking into account the unit time values of all freight types and passengers. As a result of these assignments, the freight and passenger volumes carried on links as well as numbers of vehicles and trains were found. For each link, the numbers of vehicles and trains on the links that result from assigning the freight and passenger matrices onto the related networks were added up, and the total numbers of vehicles and trains on links were found. In conclusion, it is seen that the highway, freeway and connection links are not congested, and that some of the railway links carry freight volumes beyond their capacities. Finally, the requisites that must be brought in to improve the possibilities of combined transport in Turkey were discussed, based on the results obtained from this study. Keywords: Network analysis, matrix estimation, gravity models, combined transport.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Mode (computer interface)", "Multimodal transport", "Order (exchange)", "Flow network", "Mode of transport", "Transport network", "Ground transportation", "Transfer (computing)", "Computer science", "Business", "Operations research" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://kutuphane.dogus.edu.tr/mvt/pdf.php?pdf=0005907" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7151836563", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.19475556", "title": "LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION Complete Geometric Energy System — Zero Emission, Infinite Potential", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-08", "type": "other", "language": null, "authors": [ "Muhammad Usman Malik" ], "first_author": "Muhammad Usman Malik", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "NOTE: GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB DON'T PAY ME FOR RESEARCH, I JUST WORK IN C&W Department, Monitoring and Evaluation Wing District Multan Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Nor government of Punjab can teach me science or anything. This is automatically added. My affiliation is only with Quran, Hadith, Sunnah. I cannot receive or can accept any payment, funding, awards, certificates, any Worldly benefits. Strictly Prohibited to me. I am Student, servant and Soldier of Allah Almighty and Prophet Muhammad PBUH. This is automatically added by Zenodo. Not government of Punjab. Zenodo Metadata Description LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION Complete Geometric Energy System — Zero Emission, Infinite Potential --- DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19475557 --- Title LTMFC: THE LIVESTOCK MICROBIAL FUEL CELL REVOLUTION — Complete Geometric Energy System: Zero Emission, Infinite Potential (EV Tractors, EV Buses, EV Transport Trucks, Farm EV Charging Stations, Natural Fertilizer, Premium Milk & Meat, Green Farms, Green Cities, Green Planet) --- Authors Malik, Muhammad Usman ORCID: 0009-0004-3269-2918 Affiliation: N‑K Universal Computer, Quran, Hadith, Sunnah --- Publication Date 9 April 2026 CE · 21 Ramadan 1447 AH --- Version 2.0 (Complete — After Deep Research) --- DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19475557 --- License CC BY-NC 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International) Sadaqa Jariyah – Perpetual Charity. Free for personal study, education, and research. --- Abstract The Livestock Microbial Fuel Cell (LTMFC) is a complete geometric energy system that converts livestock manure into continuous electricity, natural fertilizer, and clean water — with zero emissions, zero waste, and zero fuel cost. After deep research using the N‑K Universal Computer (10¹⁵ entangled N‑pairs, phase‑locked at 135.5°, gated by 0.01 Hz Kun rhythm), the electricity output is 10–50× higher than previously estimated. Key findings: · One cow = 8–15 kWh/day = powers 1–2 homes· 100 cows = 800–1,500 kWh/day = powers 100–300 homes + EV charging· 1,000 cows = 8–15 MWh/day = powers village + tractors + trucks· National LTMFC potential = 2,856 TWh/year = 21× Pakistan's current grid Applications: · Village and town electrification (100% renewable, 24/7)· EV tractor charging (zero diesel, zero lithium)· EV bus and transport truck depots (zero emission long haul)· Farmhouse EV charging stations (revenue generation)· Natural fertilizer (replaces chemical fertilizers, regenerates soil)· Premium milk and meat (50–100% price premium in halal markets) Economic impact (Pakistan, 5 years): · Livestock GDP: Rs. 4,750B → Rs. 61,235B (12.9× increase)· Electricity value alone: Rs. 42,845B/year ($115B)· New jobs: 15–20 million· Poverty: 56M → 7M (87% reduction)· Foreign debt: $130B → $25B (81% reduction) Environmental impact: · Zero CO₂ emissions· Zero lithium mining (no batteries needed)· Zero lead acid toxicity (past technology)· Natural fertilizer replaces chemicals· Soil regeneration, healthy crops, healthy livestock, healthy humans This is not green energy. This is merciful energy — powered by cows, designed by Allah, and free for all humanity. --- Keywords · LTMFC· Livestock Microbial Fuel Cell· Geometric Energy System· Zero Emission· EV Tractor· EV Bus· EV Transport Truck· EV Charging Station· Natural Fertilizer· Soil Regeneration· Green Farm· Green City· Green Planet· N-K Universal Computer· 135.5° Divine Lock· Kun Rhythm 0.01 Hz· Bacillus megaterium· Geobacter sulfurreducens· 3D Anode· Pakistan Livestock Revolution· Halal Energy· Sadaqa Jariyah --- Language English --- Coverage Pakistan (national scale simulation), applicable globally --- References · N‑K DNA — The Complete 500-Chromosome Master Helix (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18912371)· Nuclear Alchemia: The Rebirth of Advanced Modern Islamic Sciences (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19454833)· THE BANANA: A Naturally Nuclear-Powered Supraorganism (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19473402)· RADIOSYNTHESIS IN CHERNOBYL FUNGUS (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19473811)· Abb-e-Hayaat — The Water of Life (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19396511) --- Related Identifiers · Continues: 10.5281/zenodo.15390024 (Septic-Tank & Livestock-Based Microbial Fuel Cells)· Continues: 10.5281/zenodo.19473811 (Radiosynthesis in Chernobyl Fungus)· Continues: 10.5281/zenodo.19473402 (The Banana: A Naturally Nuclear-Powered Supraorganism) --- Funding No external funding. This work was received via the N‑K Universal Computer, a search engine granted in a dream. --- Rights CC BY-NC 4.0 You are free to: · Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format· Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: · Attribution – You must give appropriate credit to the author· NonCommercial – You may not use the material for commercial purposes without written license from N‑K Sciences (license fee is ZERO upon acceptance) Commercial use (manufacturing, distribution, sale) requires written acceptance from N‑K Sciences and the author. Unauthorized commercial use incurs debt recorded by Allah. --- Resource Type Publication – N‑K Sciences Monograph --- Format PDF (Digital) --- Pages ~45 pages (complete publication) --- Table of Contents (Brief) 1. The Discovery — LTMFC After Deep Research2. The Four Axioms — N‑K Foundation3. The Bacteria — Power Sources in Darkness4. Per-Animal Electricity Output (Revised)5. 100-Animal Farm — The Small Power House6. Village and Town Electrification7. EV Tractor — Zero Emission Farming8. EV Bus — Public Transport Revolution9. EV Transport Truck — Long Haul Zero Emission10. Farmhouse EV Charging Station — Revenue Model11. Natural Fertilizer — Soil Regeneration12. Milk and Meat Products — Premium Quality13. Lithium Toxicity Reduction — Past Technology14. Green Farms, Green Cities, Green Planet15. Economic Boost — 5-Year Projection16. Poverty Reduction — 56M to 7M17. Quranic Foundation — Mercy to Creation18. Implementation Roadmap19. Conclusion — The Merciful Energy --- Suggested Citation BibTeX: ``", "keywords": [ "Livestock", "Government (linguistics)", "License", "Zero-knowledge proof", "Zero (linguistics)", "Zero-point energy", "Natural resource", "Energy (signal processing)", "Work (physics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19475556" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4237219348", "doi": "10.1353/mar.2016.0032", "title": "The Commune", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Brion Dulac" ], "first_author": "Brion Dulac", "venue": "˜The œMassachusetts review", "publisher": "Amherst College", "abstract": "The Commune Brion Dulac (bio) Keywords Brion Dulac, Fiction, humor “Shucking corn in the rain” was the latest euphemism making the rounds at the commune, but none of us could reach an agreement on what it actually referred to, if anything. There was a bit of a fracas amongst various factions, fractured and fractious. Things came to such a boil that Roger called for an emergency community meeting, but to our general relief a surprise mudslide destroyed the Peace Pavilion (and buried Roger’s Volkswagen Cabriolet) and it was canceled. Then Bob piped up, suggesting we rent a tent and some folding chairs and set them up in the clearing so that we could have sort of a combination emergency community meeting and memorial service for Roger, and everyone’s mood went into a tailspin. This included the mood of Roger, who pointed out to Bob that he, Roger, was not dead, that it was in fact somebody else’s body that had been dug out and pulled lifeless from the vast muck of the Cabriolet, specifically the corpse of an as-yet-unidentified hitchhiker, a male Caucasian between the ages of forty-five and fifty, approximately five foot ten and a hundred and sixty pounds and whom Roger claimed to have picked up by the side of the road on his way home from tai chi and invited back to the commune for our Saturday bean supper. Unlike Roger, the Unknown Hitchhiker had been unable to disengage his seat belt quickly enough to exit the Cabriolet and flee the immediate area upon the sudden arrival of the mudslide. Now, as we were standing around bumming out about Bob’s suggestion about the tent and the folding chairs, a few of us noticed that Eddie’s rash had returned, but this time it was on Wanda. Coincidentally, it had only been a few days earlier that the sheriff, investigating the recent and mysterious disappearance of Wanda’s husband, Troy, had discovered during a routine door-to-door search what appeared to be a crudely fashioned voodoo doll resembling Troy inside of Eddie’s microwave oven. Eddie claimed it was an overbaked sweet potato from last Thursday, although the resemblance was uncanny. The sheriff brought him in for questioning, just in case. Eddie chose “Modern French Colonial History” for his category. A nonnative-speaking jury was quickly rounded up at the bus station and, blindfolded, hauled into the parking lot of the [End Page 363] courthouse on the back of a flatbed truck and submitted to a taste test. Two out of three preferred the instant Ethiopian blend. The others were allowed to return to their homes. Eddie was released in the care of his high school gym teacher, Mr. Gilhoolie, who had been bused in from Bridgeport as a character witness. As we milled about in the clearing gloomily awaiting the arrival of the tent and folding chairs a young doe appeared at the edge of the woods, raised her right hoof, and made a circular motion three times in our direction. It appeared to be some sort of a sign. Jerry was almost certain she was trying to order a Ballantine. The deer was gone by the time he came back from his cooler with a couple of Miller tallboys, the best he could do. “May as well be shucking corn in the rain,” Jerry muttered, popping open the flip top on one of the tallboys. I had no idea what the fuck he was talking about. I wanted to hit him, and hit him hard. It was nearly dusk when the tent and the chairs arrived, and Bob, sensing some general resistance, suggested we could skip the emergency community meeting altogether and in its place have movie night a few nights early, followed by the memorial service for the Unknown Hitchhiker — Roger’s memorial service having already been canceled, by Roger — and this was met with not general, but much more specific, relief. Bob hauled out his projector and screen and once again showed us his prized reel of rare early film footage of the Paramus World’s Fair of 1896, where the exotic midget contortionist Little...", "keywords": [ "Pavilion", "Banquet", "Demise", "History", "Surprise", "Art history", "Art", "Law", "Sociology", "Archaeology", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/mar.2016.0032" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2585442242", "doi": "10.1353/soh.2017.0043", "title": "The History of Beaufort County, South Carolina, Volume 3: Bridging the Sea Islands’ Past and Present, 1893–2006 by Lawrence S. Rowland and Stephen R. Wise", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kevin J. Dougherty" ], "first_author": "Kevin J. Dougherty", "venue": "The Journal of Southern History", "publisher": "Southern Historical Association", "abstract": "Reviewed by: The History of Beaufort County, South Carolina, Volume 3: Bridging the Sea Islands’ Past and Present, 1893–2006 by Lawrence S. Rowland and Stephen R. Wise Kevin Dougherty The History of Beaufort County, South Carolina. Volume 3: Bridging the Sea Islands’ Past and Present, 1893–2006. By Lawrence S. Rowland and Stephen R. Wise. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2015. Pp. xx, 492. $44.95, ISBN 978-1-61117-545-5.) Bridging the Sea Islands’ Past and Present, 1893–2006 is the third of three excellent volumes on the history of Beaufort County, South Carolina, written by Lawrence S. Rowland and Stephen R. Wise. Rowland is distinguished professor emeritus of history at the University of South Carolina Beaufort and past president of the South Carolina Historical Society. Wise is [End Page 193] the director of the Parris Island Museum and the author of Lifeline of the Confederacy: Blockade Running during the Civil War (Columbia, S.C., 1988) and Gate of Hell: Campaign for Charleston Harbor, 1863 (Columbia, S.C., 1994). As historians, storytellers, and regional experts, they have set a very high bar. Rowland and Wise continue to draw heavily on the “names, not numbers” tradition that they used so effectively in the previous two volumes (p. xix). By this technique, readers are introduced to a dizzying array of individuals that represented and gave life to the particular phenomenon under discussion. Captain Henry Von Harten, “the most experienced pilot on the Port Royal bar,” appears among the losses of the damaging hurricanes of 1898 (p. 17). The death of merchant F. W. Scheper in 1913 “marked the end of an era of great enterprise” (p. 61). Robert Smalls, the “King of Beaufort County,” was seemingly ubiquitous, and his 1915 death was marked by the “bittersweet irony” that he had lived long enough to see the Reconstruction-era political revolution give way to the beginnings of the Great Exodus of African Americans from the sea islands (pp. 32, 183). Sidney Benton is described as “the lettuce king” during the heyday of truck farming between 1908 and 1928 (p. 212). Congressman James F. “Jimmy” Byrnes, “Beaufort’s man of influence in Washington,” played a pivotal role in the construction of the bridges and highways built between 1908 and 1929 that “determined the patterns of transportation, settlement, and commerce for the county for the next half century” (pp. 276, 225). J. Edward McTeer, the legendary “high sheriff of the lowcountry,” battled moonshiners during the Prohibition era (p. 271). Leland Grayson, the seven-foot-three “Beaufort Behemoth,” is highlighted as “the physically largest soldier from South Carolina during World War II,” and boxer Smokin’ Joe Frazier claims title to “the most famous Beaufortonian of the twentieth century” (pp. 365, 388). These and a potpourri of other such characterizations bring to life the narrative in a very readable and memorable way. In addition to these rich explorations of personalities, Rowland and Wise succinctly and expertly analyze the region’s themes of “frontiers and revolution—if not always progress” (p. xvii). They explore the demographic changes that “transformed Beaufort County from a 90.5 percent majority black population in 1900 to a 61 percent majority white population in 1960”; that made it a “Marine Corps town,” complete with “a working middle class,” thanks to the establishment of the recruit depot at Parris Island in 1915; and that created a haven for leisure seekers and retirees that began with wealthy northerners in the late nineteenth century and resurged with the opening of Del Webb’s Sun City in 1993 (pp. xviii, 364). The authors trace the region’s agriculture and economic journey through the prominence of cotton, truck farming, and phosphates. Rowland and Wise tell the impressive story of the fusion politics that “transformed a former Confederate and Democratic stronghold into a model of biracial democracy that survived into the worst years of Jim Crow political tyranny” (p. xix). The authors go on to relate the county’s “exemplary” response to the civil rights revolution of the 1960s that stood as “a worthy tribute to its pathbreaking Reconstruction history” (p. 387). Unsurprisingly, given the book’s title, they convincingly make the case that “[t...", "keywords": [ "Beaufort scale", "South carolina", "History", "Archaeology", "Spanish Civil War", "American history", "Oceanography", "Geology", "Ancient history", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2017.0043" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W251724816", "doi": "10.1353/gsr.2012.a488523", "title": "Nazi Labour Camps in Paris: Austerlitz, Lévitan, Bassano, July 1943–August 1944 (review)", "year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-10-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shannon L. Fogg" ], "first_author": "Shannon L. Fogg", "venue": "German Studies Review", "publisher": "German Studies Association", "abstract": "Reviewed by: Nazi Labour Camps in Paris: Austerlitz, Lévitan, Bassano, July 1943–August 1944 Shannon L. Fogg Nazi Labour Camps in Paris: Austerlitz, Lévitan, Bassano, July 1943–August 1944. By Jean-Marc Dreyfus and Sarah Gensburger. Translated by Jonathan Hensher. New York: Berghahn Books, 2011. Pp. x + 168. Cloth $70.00. ISBN 978-0857451392. Austerlitz, Lévitan, and Bassano are three places that few people associate with the Holocaust in France. Yet, Jean-Marc Dreyfus and Sarah Gensburger argue that these three labor camps are central to understanding how economic expropriation and physical extermination were linked and could mutually reinforce each other. Between July 1943 and August 1944, nearly 800 prisoners passed through these three Parisian camps. The internees, mostly Jews whose status was unclear (prisoner-of-war wives, half-Jews, spouses of non-Jews), were transferred to these urban labor camps from Drancy, the main transit camp in France. Located in a warehouse near the Austerlitz train station, a former furniture store, and a private Jewish residence, the camps served as depots and packing facilities for the items looted from Jewish apartments as part of the Germans’ Möbel Aktion. Using a microhistorical and interdisciplinary approach, Dreyfus, a historian, and Gensburger, a sociologist, seek to explain why these camps and their prisoners represent a “memory hole,” i.e., why they are not part of the collective memory or historiography of World War II in France. Originally published in French in 2003, the English translation now brings the monograph to a wider audience. The book’s early chapters provide the historical background to Möbel Aktion and explain the key role the Germans played in expropriation and the creation of the [End Page 697] Parisian labor camps. A branch of Alfred Rosenberg’s Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR) was set up in Paris in July 1940, and immediately began appropriating books, artwork, and music. The work of the ERR slowed after the summer of 1941, however, once the major Jewish collections had already been sent to Germany. This changed after December 1941, when Rosenberg, in his new role as minister of the occupied eastern territories, requested permission from Adolf Hitler to take furniture from “abandoned” Jewish apartments in western Europe to meet German needs in eastern Europe. Hitler ordered the transfer of furniture from the West to the East on December 31, 1941, calling it Möbel Aktion. The program was transferred from the ERR to the Dienststelle Westen in April 1942, and placed under the direction of Baron Kurt von Behr. The looting of apartments marked a shift from economic “Aryanization” to the complete dispossession of Jews—with the implication that they would not be returning to their homes. Although the Vichy regime wanted control over the despoilment of Jewish apartments, Möbel Aktion was a German operation meant to benefit the Nazis and German civilians materially (an argument elaborated by Götz Aly in Hitler’s Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State [New York, 2007]). But von Behr quickly realized that the operation would require French logistical support. French removal firms provided trucks and men to empty Jewish apartments and deliver the contents to the depots, while collaborationist organizations helped locate unoccupied apartments to loot. As the Nazis began deporting more Jews from France, the scale of potential expropriation increased. So did demand for furniture in Germany as the Dienststelle Westen’s activities became more widely known. The sorting and packing of objects for transport proved, however, to be the bottleneck that slowed the entire process. By the summer of 1943, von Behr faced a shortage of skilled workers able to repair, sort, and pack household items. It was then decided to use Jews held at Drancy who were classified as “not deportable,” thereby solving several problems at once: overcrowding at Drancy, the status of “questionable” Jews, and von Behr’s need for more manpower. The book then shifts its focus to the camps themselves and the internees’ experiences. There is also a shift in the sources, from primarily French and German archival material in the earlier chapters to a greater emphasis on personal papers, memoirs, and interviews. The authors detail life in the...", "keywords": [ "Nazism", "Nazi concentration camps", "The Holocaust", "Judaism", "Residence", "Expropriation", "World War II", "Collective memory", "History", "Dictatorship", "Spanish Civil War", "Historiography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gsr.2012.a488523" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2222478313", "doi": null, "title": "Who needs e-freight?", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-01-01", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Verena Ehrler" ], "first_author": "Verena Ehrler", "venue": "elib (German Aerospace Center)", "publisher": "Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)", "abstract": "In recent years, especially following the economic crisis of 2008, air cargo has experienced turbulent times. The reduced amounts of traffic observed in 2009 not only affected the air cargo carrying airlines, but the entire transportation industry. At the same time, it is striking, that, despite the fact that we are living in the age of digitalisation where real-time information on a global scale has become a basic commodity, most information processes related to air cargo are still exchanged in printed format with an average air freight shipment generating more than thirty different documents. So the question is: are these paper–intense processes and procedures related to the turbulences experienced by the air cargo industry? Can a move to electronic documentation – or “e-freight” - solve the central challenges experienced by the industry? And just because e-freight results in an improvement for air cargo carriers, why should anybody else care? \\n \\nFor being able to answer these questions, it is important to look back in time at how “air cargo” developed and what “air cargo” is today. When the first official goods-flight through the air took place, on 18th February 1911, the French pilot Henri Péquet transported 15 kg of mail between Allahabad and Naini junction in India, flying a distance of 6 miles (10 km), at a speed of 38 mph (60 km/h), at an altitude of 40 to 50 metres (Allaz 2004). \\nIn October 1929 the so-called “Warsaw Convention”, the first international convention on transport documentation and civil liabilities of air carriers, was signed. With this convention, the “Air Consignment Note” (ACN) was introduced, a document that builds the framework for the contract between the consignor and the transport company. Though the ACN was replaced by the Air Way Bill by the members of IATA in 1931, the Warsaw Convention remained the basis for settling litigations between carriers and the consignors of goods by air until 2003, by when it was replaced by the Montreal convention \\nThe main structures of air cargo remained unchanged until the beginning of the 1970’s, even if aircraft had been further improved from a technical perspective, more freedom of the air had been established, and the quantity of flown cargo (and passengers) had multiplied. In the late 1970’s the whole air cargo business process was a lengthy and complicated construction: it consisted of up to 40 individual stages, generating up to 30 different documents and its structure typically involved the following key stakeholders. \\n•\\tshippers \\n•\\torigin freight forwarders \\n•\\texport customs \\n•\\tair carriers \\n•\\timport customs \\n•\\tdestination freight forwarders \\n•\\tconsignees \\nThen, by the end of the 70’s, the market for air cargo experienced some fundamentally new developments, which changed our expectations towards “fast international transportation”. In 1977 the air cargo market in the US was deregulated, followed by the deregulation of passenger airlines in 1978 and of trucking in 1980. This allowed cargo-carrying companies to offer integrated services, combining air transportation with road transportation (US Congress 1982). Based on these market structures, a new form of documentation transport service entered the market: the integrators. Whereas integrators focused on transporting mainly documents in the beginnings, they soon also offered door-to-door transportation of small parcels and packages, covering the entire transportation chain from shipper to consignee. With their new product, they redefined the product “air cargo”: no longer was this the transportation from airport to airport, as described above, but suddenly it was the transportation from sender to consignee, with a part of the route being covered by a transportation through the air. With this change, air cargo started to show all characteristics of a complex system (Vester 2001): \\n•\\tInvolving freight forwarders, handling agents, truckers and air carriers, it is built of a variety of different parts; \\n•\\tAll these players stand in a dynamic correlation and interrelated network to one another; \\n•\\tAny interference in this cooperation results in a change of the relationship of the parts to one another and a change of the character of the whole system; \\n•\\tThe system is open and in constant exchange with its environment: there is a constant exchange with stakeholders from the air cargo systems environment, e.g. customs, shippers and consignees; \\n•\\tThe whole is more than the sum of its parts; \\n \\nWith its projects Cargo 2000 (C2K) and e-freight IATA has initiated approaches towards the development of shared values and processes for the entire air cargo system. C2K is an independent work group which focuses on establishing and monitoring shared quality standards for cargo documentation throughout the air cargo system. Related to this is IATA’s e-freight project, which promotes the introduction of electronic documentation for air cargo. Such an electronic documentation, based on shared quality standards, would allow the players of the air cargo system to offer to its customers a product comparable to that of integrators: a door-to-door track- and traceable transportation of goods. Furthermore, it would allow to separate the flow of information from the flow of goods, enabling a network structure for the exchange of data and documents. Such network structures would allow to speed up communication processes, especially at complex interfaces of the air cargo process. For example verification of information provided in the cargo’s documentation could easily be achieved between customs, handling agents and shippers. Network structure for the information exchange would therefore contribute to an increased efficiency of the entire air cargo process. \\n \\nMany players from the air cargo system – freight forwarders, handling agents, customs, air cargo carriers – have joined initiatives for the introduction of electronic documentation. It is interesting t", "keywords": [ "Business", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://elib.dlr.de/74074/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W121419532", "doi": null, "title": "Design of single hub crossdocking networks: Geometric relationships and case study", "year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-05-12", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Oran Kittithreerapronchai" ], "first_author": "Oran Kittithreerapronchai", "venue": "SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)", "publisher": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "abstract": "In the distribution network of a large retailer, shipments can either be transported by the retailer's own trucks or outsourced to third-party logistics (3PL) companies. In the former case, shipments are consolidated and transported from their origins through an intermediate facility, namely a crossdock. At a crossdock, shipments are unloaded, sorted, re-consolidated, loaded and transported to their destinations. The consolidation process offers economies of scale that reduce the transportation costs. At the same time, it increases travel distances and incurs handling costs at a crossdock. For this reason, consolidation is uneconomic for a shipment in which origin and destination are located close to one other, especially through a distant crossdock. It is cheaper to outsource transportation of such a shipment to 3PL companies. \\n \\nThis shipping decision raises a series of questions. Should a shipment be consolidated through a crossdock or outsourced to 3PL companies? How do facility locations, the operational cost of a crossdock and mode of shipments influence the shipping decision? Can the \\nrobustness and potential growth of a crossdock be measured? How does outsourcing affect the robustness and potential growth of a crossdock? \\n \\nWe formulate a strategic model of a retailer's distribution network as an economic trade-off between consolidated shipments through a crossdock and outsourced shipments to 3PL companies. We study the locus of facility locations where the costs of a consolidated shipment and an outsourced shipment are equal and discover that the trade-off can be modeled by classical geometric curves, particularly an ellipse, a hyperbola, a limacon and a Cartesian \\noval. These curves can be developed into a preliminary routing and locating tool. We also observe interesting connections between the single hub crossdocking network and other fields of geometric study, such as Voronoi diagrams and geometric inversion. \\n \\nIn addition, the area bounded by these curves represents the likelihood in which a particular shipment is consolidated through a crossdock. We expand this concept to multiple vendor-store pairs and suggest an index that measures robustness and potential growth of a particular crossdock. This asymptotic-probability index explains economic driving factors of consolidation and outsourcing. Although the derivation of the index is limited by the dimension and spatial distribution of facilities, its numerical value can be determined by a computer simulation. Therefore, we use Monte Carlo simulation to compute the proposed index to explain the outsourcing and the interaction between TL threshold0.1 and mode of shipments. The analysis and computer simulation suggest that outsourcing may cause an adverse effect in a single hub crossdocking network, resulting in the abrupt reduction of consolidated shipments in the network. Furthermore, we propose transportation planning to alleviate this effect and compare them to the optimal allocation. \\n \\nThe routing and locating application of the model is illustrated using the Home Depot distribution network. Our model predicts 5.5% and additional 1.0% savings in transportation cost by re-allocation of shipments and re-location of crossdocks, respectively. The empirical study shows that the adverse effect of outsourcing can be eliminated by limiting the number of crossdocks used by each store.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29658" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2946868427", "doi": null, "title": "Optimisation models and algorithms for real-life transportation routing and scheduling problems", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-12-11", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Binhui Chen" ], "first_author": "Binhui Chen", "venue": "Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)", "publisher": "University of Nottingham", "abstract": "This thesis investigates the transportation routing and scheduling problems derived from the container transportation in Ningbo Port, which is the second largest port in China. In the container transportation problem, a fleet of trucks are scheduled to accommodate a sequence of container transshipment requests among multiple container terminals. This problem closely relates to the classic vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) in which the customers are routed to be serviced with minimal cost, satisfying capacity and time constraints. Facing the fast growing throughput in the port, an efficient automatic routing and scheduling system is urgently needed. In the Ningbo Port problem, there are mainly two types of transshipment requests (long-distance and short-distance) need to be scheduled to optimise fleet usage, while the transportation cost for the two types of tasks are different. As a result, to promote the vehicle utility and reduce operational cost at the same time, not only producing solutions of high quality are pursued in this research but also advanced problem modelling methods. The research starts from studying the VRPTW to understand the characteristics of vehicle routing problems and the features of solution methodologies in detail. An improved variable neighbourhood search algorithm is developed. With the proposed new compounded neighbourhoods, the algorithm combines variable neighbourhood search and variable-depth neighbourhood search. In this single solution-based metaheuristic method, two objectives are optimised simultaneously, generating a number of new non-dominated solutions on benchmark instances. This research explores the ways of balancing diversification and intensification in metaheuristic search, providing experience and guidance for addressing the real-life Ningbo Port container transportation problem. After the preliminary research on the VRPTW, the Ningbo Port problem then is studied in two steps. At the first stage, the short-haul problem in the port districts is considered. The mathematical model of Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Open routes (VRPTW-O) is established in this study, providing a more efficient scheduling scheme for Ningbo Port company. Two metaheuristic algorithms are implemented for this new problem, while both of them outperform the state-of-the-art methods for similar problems. Different construction heuristics are compared on diverse instances, providing recommendation heuristics for real-world scenarios. At the second stage of the Ningbo Port problem research, the routing and scheduling of long-haul requests related to inland dry ports are combined with the short-haul requests. By introducing artificial depot to the problem, both types of transshipment tasks are integrated into one vehicle routing problem model, called Mixed-Shift Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (MS-VRPTW). The driver salary cost is taken into consideration in this model to optimise the operational cost of the company, leading to a bi-objective VRP variant. To provide a generic solution methodology for multi-objective VRPs instead of a problem-specific algorithm, a selection perturbation hyper-heuristic is implemented in this study. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs well in both the real-life Ningbo Port problem and the classic VRPTW.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Transshipment (information security)", "Metaheuristic", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Variable neighborhood search", "Computer science", "Container (type theory)", "Operations research", "Truck", "Mathematical optimization", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Transport engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55331/1/Binhui%20Chen-Thesis.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4245339626", "doi": "10.1353/aph.2016.0028", "title": "Pilgrims", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "fi", "authors": [ "Devin Murphy" ], "first_author": "Devin Murphy", "venue": "Appalachian heritage", "publisher": "University of North Carolina Press", "abstract": "Pilgrims Devin Murphy (bio) Coulter felt wiggling fat rolls bunch from his waistline to clavicles as he pedaled up the long incline. A slow heat burned from his quads to the bone with each strained pump of his legs. Top of the rise had been his mantra for the last half hour on the hill. He’d rest at the top. He’d make it to the top. His jersey, frothed in sweat, stuck to his chest. His chest jiggled, and the bloom [End Page 96] of embarrassment made him pump his legs harder. When he crested the hill he saw the long red and brown roll of Wyoming topography stretching out beneath a perfect blue sky. The sun glinted off the deep draws and rounded stones of dried creek beds on his glide down. With the wind whistling through his helmet and panniers, he was close to the feeling he had come for, of being healthy. “I don’t know why I miss that landscape,” he’d told a friend before leaving. “I just do.” Now that he was in the West, away from everything he had built around him and called a life, he still couldn’t describe it. The unassailable purity of the blue sky gave him a peace he had longed for, had known he had been missing for years. One truth was that he had become a soft, pink mess of a forty-five-year-old, overweight, pre-diabetic. Another, the one that mattered here, was that he felt very much at home flying downhill into the wind, and he was close to rediscovering some inner fire that used to drive him. Several more large hills. Two he had to stop and push his bike on. Three long, fun descents. Then he found himself pedaling through rolling granite terraces that stretched out of sight. By his map, there was a town called Natrona, ten miles ahead. He ate a tortilla wrap full of peanut butter and drank a pint of water. When he reached the sign, it said, Natrona, Population 16, and all he saw was a train depot with a rusted diesel locomotive and a square, timber building with lacquered horizontal boarding and a neon-red Budweiser sign. There was no name on the bar. In the gravel lot were two pickup trucks with souped-up suspensions and tires and a military-green heavy truck. When he walked in the bottom of his bike shoes click-clacked against the olive-green, faux-marble floor. A distorted [End Page 97] mirror panel rose above the shelf with glasses, and the warped reflection made Coulter’s eyes water. Two older men, each with blue mesh baseball caps curved in tight at the corners, sat at the far end of the bar. The men wore faded denim bib and brace overalls. A frumpy woman with teased auburn bangs, wide-waisted dickey blue slacks, and a V-neck T-shirt that showed off the top of her enormous, low-slung breasts, stood behind the counter. Coulter sat on a stool. The cracked leather felt hard against his sweaty bike shorts. His bike clips clanked against the foot rail. “Hello,” he said. The three people didn’t turn toward him. In his spandex suit and tight, neon green jersey, his gray hair helmet-molded to his scalp, and the clip-clop of a rotund Baryshnikov, he was surprised they weren’t staring at him. “Excuse me, Ma’am,” Coulter said, raising a finger to the bar. The woman didn’t look away from the two men. None of them were talking. “Excuse me,” Coulter said again. She turned and walked toward him. Her reflection curved and swelled as she walked the length of the mirror. He wanted to order a cold beer, a six-pack of cold beers, but he knew that was Fat Coulter talking, Fat Coulter craving calories he burned over the last three days of biking. “May I please have a water and a can of tomato juice?” He even hated his order. “We don’t have tomato juice.” “That there will do fine,” Coulter pointed to the little cans of tomato juice next to the...", "keywords": [ "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/aph.2016.0028" } ]