[ { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4414723799", "doi": "10.33012/2025.20381", "title": "Error Bound Analysis of Marker-Based Visual Navigation in Urban Air Mobility: A Parameter Study and Experimental Verification for Vertical operations", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Young-Hee Lee", "Chen Zhu" ], "first_author": "Young-Hee Lee", "venue": "Proceedings of the Satellite Division's International Technical Meeting (Online)/Proceedings of the Satellite Division's International Technical Meeting (CD-ROM)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper presents an experimental validation and system analysis of a two-step error bounding method for marker-based visual navigation in vertical flight operations. Building on prior simulation studies, we verify the proposed Lie group–based parameterization approach using real flight data collected at Magdeburg-Cochstedt Airport. The method effectively bounds positioning errors within 4-sigma confidence intervals (99.9%) for vertical takeoff and landing below 43m altitude under real-world conditions. We further analyze challenges at higher altitudes, where error bounds degrade due to poor measurement geometry. To address this, we incorporate additional visual features available at regulated Vertiport sites, such as V-pattern and inner square markers, that improve error bounds by up to 70%. Our results demonstrate the potential of leveraging existing visual markers to enhance navigation reliability and efficiency in urban air mobility and U-space operations.", "keywords": [ "Bounding overwatch", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Takeoff", "Interval (graph theory)", "Takeoff and landing", "Error analysis", "Air traffic control", "Urban transit" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20381" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128212526", "doi": "10.5703/1288284318539", "title": "Potential electric vertical taking-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) Site Location Considering Flight Missions and Repeatability", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Yinfei Liu", "Joseph Hupy" ], "first_author": "Yinfei Liu", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "As electric vertical taking-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) technology and associated infrastructure continue to advance, the prospect of achieving actual commercial operations is gradually becoming feasible. For this novel urban transportation mode, the capability to continuously accomplish flight missions is one of the critical factors determining its eventual eligibility for commercial operation. An analysis of applying rapid charging can provide valuable insights into the development and potential solutions for enhancing eVTOL mission repeatability, given the limitations of eVTOL battery capacity and endurance. This study focuses on the optimal location selection of eVTOL sites through a hierarchical screening approach utilizing ArcGIS, with Shenzhen designated as the case study area. The initial set of candidate eVTOL sites is identified using a location optimization model designed to maximize travel cost savings across all potential trips that could transition to Urban Air Mobility (UAM). Subsequently, an Origin–Destination (OD)-based location–allocation algorithm is applied to Shenzhen, considering 25 potential Vertihubs. Demand locations, represented as white points, correspond to existing or planned vertiports and vertistops. A direct flight network is then constructed using the XY To Line tool to generate Euclidean (point-to-point) flight routes. Furthermore, this study outlines the generic flight mission procedure of eVTOLs and proposes a conceptual model that leverages a rapid charging strategy to estimate the possible number of standard missions an eVTOL can perform after reaching designated vertiplaces (vertihubs, vertiports and vertistops) following specific mission rounds. Two critical parameters are identified: the standard mission range per trip and the rapid charging time. The modeling analysis shows that standard mission range and charging time must be considered in combination, as optimizing a single parameter alone has limited impact on the overall continuous flight mission capability of eVTOLs. Furthermore, while the inherent flight performance of eVTOLs is critical to their ability to continuously complete missions, this advantage can be significantly diminished if the standard mission range and charging time fall outside the ideal range.", "keywords": [ "Range (aeronautics)", "Set (abstract data type)", "Flight plan", "TRIPS architecture", "Site selection", "Baseline (sea)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284318539" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4285812035", "doi": "10.3397/nc-2022-684", "title": "Acoustic measurement practices for UAS and UAM", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-06-24", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "David Josephson" ], "first_author": "David Josephson", "venue": "NOISE-CON proceedings", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Characterization of noise emission from novel aircraft types such as UAS and UAM is important for assessment of their impact on community soundscapes. Critical planning decisions such as the required buffer area between vertiports and noise-sensitive land uses will be made based on levels of interference with human activity. Traditional methods developed for fixed wing aircraft and helicopters may not be sufficient, because the sound character of UAS/UAM can make them more or less audible than their traditionally measured noise magnitude would suggest. Techniques have been developed that enable assessment of steady and time-varying loudness, tone prominence, sound quality and other metrics by adopting consistent calibrated procedures for acoustic waveform capture along with relevant metadata. This presentation will explore field procedures and data reduction employed to facilitate reconstruction of the aircraft sound at any receiver point on the ground, and subsequent application of existing or new metrics to this data.", "keywords": [ "Loudness", "Computer science", "Soundscape", "Noise (video)", "Acoustics", "Waveform", "Sound quality", "Aircraft noise", "Sound (geography)", "Noise reduction", "Speech recognition", "Telecommunications" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3397/nc-2022-684" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4388966913", "doi": "10.58445/rars.660", "title": "eVTOL and Flying Car Technology Simplified with a Tire-Propeller Hybrid", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-11-24", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Justin F. Doan" ], "first_author": "Justin F. Doan", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "New forms of air transportation are being explored as congestion on today's roads steadily increases.Of the new forms of air transportation being explored, electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft could be the future of sustainable transportation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Even though they are promising, many existing eVTOL architectures will likely struggle to be widely adopted due to the need for appropriate vertiports.This paper discusses flying cars and Flying Car Transportation Systems (FCTS), vehicles with driving and flying capability, as a subset of eVTOLs to let one efficiently travel from home, vertiport, and destination and vice versa without interruption.In particular, the novelty of a tire-propeller hybrid (TPH) is considered as a simplified propulsion system for both driving and flying that enables the widespread adoption of eVTOLs.A concept for one is proposed, and a simple feasibility analysis based on momentum theory is conducted.", "keywords": [ "Propeller", "Automotive engineering", "Marine engineering", "Engineering", "Aeronautics", "Aerospace engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://research-archive.org/index.php/rars/preprint/download/660/1177/954" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7126210954", "doi": "10.1007/978-981-95-5393-8_5", "title": "Shaping the Low-Altitude Economy: Technology, Infrastructure, and Policy through Urbanimmunology", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Junyi Zhang" ], "first_author": "Junyi Zhang", "venue": "Urban sustainability", "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Parallels", "Drone", "Key (lock)", "Resilience (materials science)", "Perspective (graphical)", "Sustainable development" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-5393-8_5" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7134957026", "doi": "10.1109/comsnets67989.2026.11418206", "title": "Decentralized Multi-Drone Delivery System: Efficient Resource Utilization", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-06", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Satwik Mondal", "Sudipta Saha" ], "first_author": "Satwik Mondal", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Drone-based delivery over a city is gaining popularity for several reasons. Such a conveyance system is usually managed by a cloud-based centralized mechanism. To avoid complete dependence on centralized management, recent works have attempted to develop a decentralized strategy. In this work, we study one such solution. Here, the Charging Stations (CS) where the Drones (DR) get charged, locally communicate with each other to decide how to guide the DRs to reach their destinations, following both the shortest path and avoiding congestion as much as possible. Frequent communication among neighboring CSs is a primary requirement for quickly determining a suitable path, which we facilitate through recent advancements in Synchronous-Transmission (ST)-based communication strategies. However, limitation in the number of available DRs in the entire system further complicates the situation. Simply waiting for a DR to automatically arrive at the respective source CS can be a naive solution to this problem, requiring no additional coordination. In this work, we propose a solution that utilizes the path planning strategy itself by augmenting a little more coordination to quickly retrieve a DR from the nearby CS and fulfill the request. Evaluation results show that the proposed strategy efficiently satisfies delivery requests and significantly reduces waiting time compared to the naive approach.", "keywords": [ "Resource (disambiguation)", "Production (economics)", "Work (physics)", "Resource management (computing)", "Identification (biology)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets67989.2026.11418206" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3172723044", "doi": "10.1155/2021/6695964", "title": "CLE against SOA with Better Data Security Storage to Cloud 5G", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-05-24", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Huige Wang", "Xing Chang", "Kefei Chen" ], "first_author": "Huige Wang", "venue": "Security and Communication Networks", "publisher": "Hindawi Publishing Corporation", "abstract": "Cloud 5G and Cloud 6G technologies are strong backbone infrastructures to provide high data rate and data storage with low latency for preserving QoS (Quality of Service) and QoE (Quality of Experience) in applications such as driverless vehicles, drone-based deliveries, smart cities and factories, remote medical diagnosis and surgery, and artificial-intelligence-based personalized assistants. There are many techniques to support the aforementioned applications, but for privacy preservation of Cloud 5G, the existing methods are still not sufficient. Public key encryption (PKE) scheme is an important means to protect user data privacy in Cloud 5G. Currently, the most common PKE used in Cloud 5G is CCA or CPA secure ones. However, its security level maybe not enough. SOA security is a stronger security standard than CPA and CCA. Roughly speaking, PKE with SOA security means that the adversary is allowed to open a subset of challenger ciphertexts and obtains the corresponding encrypted messages and randomness, but the unopended messages and randomness remain secure in the rest of the challenger ciphertexts. Security against SOA in PKEs has been a research hotspot, especially with the wide discussion in Cloud 5G. We revisited the SOA-CLE and proposed a new security proof, which is more concise and user friendly to understand privacy preservation in Cloud 5G applications.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Cloud computing", "Encryption", "Computer security", "Cloud computing security", "Security analysis", "Computer network", "Operating system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/6695964.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2005781426", "doi": "10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.274", "title": "Design Assistant Decision Model for Parafoil Precise Airdrop", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Feng Wang", "Jun Feng Zhao", "Shi Yong Yang" ], "first_author": "Feng Wang", "venue": "Applied Mechanics and Materials", "publisher": "Trans Tech Publications", "abstract": "Decision capacity and command level is essential for accurate aerial delivery of parafoil. In this paper, we according to the system theory and the modular scheme, put forward the parafoil precision airdrop aided decision model consist ofaircraft flight route model,parafoil maneuvering performance model,high altitude wind field characteristic model, landing terrain environment model, the enemy threat situation model, complex electromagnetic environment simulation mode. Andwe focuses on the aircraft flight route model, landing terrain environment model and the simulation model of high altitude wind. The model can providecertain auxiliary decision information to airdrop commander; can also be used to other specific precision airdrop work.", "keywords": [ "Terrain", "Modular design", "Simulation", "Computer science", "Mode (computer interface)", "Decision model", "Engineering", "Real-time computing", "Human–computer interaction" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.274" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2950916850", "doi": null, "title": "PRELIMINARY SPECIFICATION FOR DETAILED DESIGN OF GENERAL DYNAMICS/CONVAIR AIRCRAFT CARGO LOADING TRAILER (PROTOTYPE)", "year": 1961, "publication_date": "1961-06-09", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Paul Allen Beck" ], "first_author": "Paul Allen Beck", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The design and testing of an adjustable height cargo loading trailer designated Aircraft Cargo Loading Trailer was undertaken. This trailer will be utilized at air terminals to transport palletized cargo between cargo aircraft and to and from storage areas and to transfer such cargo at both locations. Items handled will consist mainly of loaded 463L and Aerial delivery pallets. In the aircraft loading and unloading operation, the trailer will be towed to the aircraft site and backed into alignment with the aft aircraft cargo opening with the large pallet platform elevated to aircraft floor level. A continuous pallet supporting surface will then be formed between the aircraft 463L pallet handling system and conveyors on the vehicle by means of a bridge which spans the distance between aircraft and trailer. (Author)", "keywords": [ "Pallet", "Trailer", "Marine engineering", "Engineering", "Bridge (graph theory)", "Automotive engineering", "Aerospace engineering", "Aeronautics", "Structural engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0258645" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7160551247", "doi": "10.1109/syscon66367.2026.11503488", "title": "Standardized Take-Off and Landing Procedures for UAM Operations with CNS Integration Across Diverse Environments", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-06", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Faizana Naeem", "Volker Gollnick" ], "first_author": "Faizana Naeem", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This research addresses the lack of operationally grounded take-off and landing (TOL) procedures for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) building on prior institutional efforts that developed a limited set of reusable procedure prototypes for varying traffic and infrastructure conditions (dense, moderate, limited). For each scenario, aviation-compatible TOL procedures are defined, including lateral and vertical profiles, separation logic, and vertiport protection volumes. In parallel, phasedependent Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) requirements are analyzed to characterize supporting infrastructure and performance needs. The procedures are first refined and optimized and then evaluated by simulation under different traffic conditions to assess feasibility, robustness, and scalability, with input from air traffic management (ATM) experts. Preliminary results indicate that a small set of structured procedures can support diverse UAM operations. Further analysis of CNS requirements is ongoing to complete evaluation and validation.", "keywords": [ "Set (abstract data type)", "Separation (statistics)", "Air traffic control", "Data collection", "Air traffic management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/syscon66367.2026.11503488" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7204122178", "doi": "10.4324/9781003781158-45", "title": "Advanced Air Mobility", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-24", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Marc Amblard" ], "first_author": "Marc Amblard", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This chapter focuses on the emerging domain of advanced air mobility. An alternative to helicopters is emerging in the form of electric vertical take-off and landing aircrafts, or eVTOLs, which are quieter and generate no tailpipe emissions. They aim to offer fast transportation over distances up to 100 km (60 mi) in large cities, bypassing road traffic, or for regional trips. Several startups, founded since 2010, and the main aircraft manufacturers are addressing this emerging mode. Fitted with five to 18 propellers, known eVTOLs underdevelopment can typically carry four passengers and a pilot. They are designed for short to medium distances, some being able to reach 600 km (380 mi). Aircrafts are also being developed which can operate autonomously. Dedicated facilities called vertiports are being constructed in and around cities to onboard and off-board passengers and charge batteries. Regulatory barriers remain but commercial launches are expected in 2026. Finally, several carmakers have invested in are supporting eVTOL startups", "keywords": [ "Underdevelopment", "Air travel", "Domain (mathematical analysis)", "Emerging technologies", "Air transport", "Aviation" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003781158-45" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4404411353", "doi": "10.1109/dasc62030.2024.10748768", "title": "Development of a Safety Hazards Risk Assessment Tool for Uncrewed Aircraft System Traffic Management During Preflight Planning", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-09-29", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Vimmy Gujral", "Paul U. Lee", "Gregory Costedoat", "Jolene Feldman", "Lilly Spirkovska", "Charles M. Walter" ], "first_author": "Vimmy Gujral", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Tremendous growth in the uncrewed and remotely piloted vehicle market is expected in low-altitude, uncontrolled airspace, resulting in potential decreases in safety without systems that support monitoring, assessing, and mitigating risk. At NASA, the System-Wide Safety (SWS) project has been developing a suite of data-driven tools to predict hazards so that the potential risks that these hazards pose can be mitigated. Services to predict various hazards have been developed, including battery capacity, proximity to static obstacles, population risks, global positioning system signal strength, radio frequency spectrum interference risk, and vertiport congestion. These services can monitor hazards along a flight path and if any risks posed by these hazards exceed a threshold, the uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) fleet manager can be alerted to mitigate the risk by modifying the flight path, changing the scheduled departure or arrival times, and/or diverting the vehicle to an alternate vertiport. These services were originally developed to monitor and assess risks during flight, but they have been adapted to assess hazard risks prior to departure so that a fleet manager can evaluate the potential risks for a fleet of UAS along their planned flight paths. These services have been integrated into a prototype tool called the Supplemental Data Service Provider-Consolidated Dashboard (SDSP-CD), developed at NASA Ames Research Center. The tool consists of a dashboard which provides a comprehensive overview for a number of risks and a map display that shows the details of the hazards along each flight's path. Based on the findings from three previous studies, the SDSP-CD has been updated with new design elements and functions. In this paper, we describe lessons learned from the previous studies, changes made to the interface, and the feedback received during a follow-up usability study. Overall, participants reported that there is a substantial benefit of having a fleet manager use a consolidated dashboard to assess hazards for the vehicles in their fleet and to provide situational awareness to potential risks so that they can be mitigated prior to flight. Once the SDSP-CD matures, it will need to be integrated into flight and mission planning tools. Some initial thoughts on how this integration should be accomplished are shared in this paper. Finally, the functional differences between preflight vs. in-flight risk assessment and the differences in fleet manager vs. UAS pilot roles that may require different information and user interactions are discussed.", "keywords": [ "Aeronautics", "Computer science", "Risk management", "Risk analysis (engineering)", "Engineering", "Transport engineering", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc62030.2024.10748768" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7138975783", "doi": "10.64631/jjvb3698", "title": "Candidate Architecture Solutions for Interoperable Crewed and Uncrewed Midterm Uam Operations", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-02-01", "type": "report", "language": null, "authors": [ "Michael D. Patterson", "Ian Levitt", "Kenneth H. Goodrich", "Annie Cheng", "Aman Deep Tripathi", "Sandro Salgueiro", "Kari Kapadia", "Laura J. Bickmeier", "Daniel E. Raible", "Douglas R. Isaacson", "Mykyta Zhyla" ], "first_author": "Michael D. Patterson", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a rapidly emerging industry targeting delivery of air transportation services around metropolitan areas with the potential for aviation to become a practical part of everyday life while leveraging emerging technologies and operational concepts. This whitepaper, a collaboration between NASA’s Air Mobility Pathfinders (AMP) project and Wisk, explores the interoperability between crewed and uncrewed aircraft in UAM operations, leveraging operational concepts put forth in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) UAM Concept of Operations (ConOps) for the Midterm UAM phase. Specifically, UAM aircraft are envisioned to takeoff and land from vertiports and primarily operate within Cooperative Areas (CAs). CAs are designated as airspace volumes with specific requirements for performance, communication, and surveillance in which UAM Operators follow cooperative operating practices (COPs). Additionally, Third-Party Service Providers (TSPs) are envisioned to play a crucial role in conflict management, including both strategic and tactical deconfliction within the CAs.", "keywords": [ "Interoperability", "Aviation", "Takeoff", "Air traffic control", "Metropolitan area", "Service (business)", "Architecture", "Avionics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.64631/jjvb3698" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4402686004", "doi": "10.2514/6.2024-4518", "title": "A Novel Energy Dissipator; With Bespoke Geometry Enabled by Additive Manufacturing", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-07-27", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Andrew Lloyd", "KC Wong" ], "first_author": "Andrew Lloyd", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Throughout Aerial Delivery history, there has been a need to deal with energy on (or just prior to) impact with the ground. The enduring solution for energy absorption is a cardboard honeycomb Energy Dissipating Material (EDM). EDM is logistically inefficient, has a high initial peak load, and then a constant dynamic crush stress prior to densification. This work investigates a novel method for dissipating energy in airdrop. Rather than extruding a uniform shape in the direction of crush, an additively manufactured energy dissipator has been tuned to increase the duration of crush over an equivalent stroke. The geometry used has been unavailable until the widespread adoption of low-cost additive manufacturing. This approach has the potential to improve performance and increase supply chain resilience of cargo airdrop.", "keywords": [ "Bespoke", "Computer science", "Mechanical engineering", "Energy (signal processing)", "Geometry", "Engineering", "Physics", "Mathematics", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4518" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7167327354", "doi": "10.54941/ahfe1007562", "title": "The Role of Resilience in Advanced Air Mobility: Human-AI Teaming, Supervisory Operations, and Socio-Technical Adaptation", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Debra Henneberry", "Dimitrios Ziakkas", "Anastasios Plioutsias", "Ioanna Lekea" ], "first_author": "Debra Henneberry", "venue": "AHFE international", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) signals a transformative shift in aviation, introducing new vehicle types, operational models, and urban–regional transport that challenge traditional airspace management, regulation, and human performance. As AAM systems become more automated, data-driven, and distributed, resilience becomes key for safe, sustainable deployment. This paper explores resilience at the individual, team, organisational, and system levels, which are crucial for anticipating, absorbing, adapting to, and recovering from disruptions in complex environments.It places AAM within emerging mobility systems, leveraging technologies such as electric propulsion, autonomous systems, urban vertiports, airspace algorithms, and AI traffic management (UTM/UTM-X). These introduce operational interdependence, variable data quality, rapid scaling, evolving regulations, and unique failure modes. Resilience is vital for managing disruptions and ensuring safe operations amid system unpredictability, weather, cyber threats, and human–machine interactions. Resilience is also viewed as a human-centered and socio-technical trait. Operator and team resilience depends on adaptability, awareness, cross-monitoring, improvisation, and workload management, primarily as remote pilots and controllers oversee autonomous networks. Training should include scenario-based learning, degraded-mode simulations, and strategies for uncertainty and automation surprises. At the organisational level, resilience involves adaptive Safety Management Systems (SMS), predictive analytics, communication, and coordination among urban planners, regulators, air navigation service providers, manufacturers, and emergency services. Organizations must learn quickly from signals, adapt procedures in real time, and align strategies with human and urban limits. Governance must go beyond compliance to continuous monitoring, foresight, and proactive risk management.System resilience involves infrastructure, airspace design, digital ecosystems, and policies. Resilience in vertiport design, UAM corridors, networks, energy, and multimodal interfaces is crucial, requiring principles such as redundancy, diversity, modularity, and graceful degradation to keep systems operational in the face of failures. The paper concludes with a resilience framework emphasising human–machine teamwork, adaptive governance, cross-sector learning, and socio-technical integration. Success depends on technological innovation and the ability of organisations and ecosystems to adapt, remain human-centered, and resilient. Operational models like Single Pilot Operations (SiPO) and AI-supported supervision highlight early resilience challenges in AAM.", "keywords": [ "Resilience (materials science)", "Adaptation (eye)", "Situation awareness", "Air traffic control", "Service (business)", "Automation", "Drone", "Isolation (microbiology)", "Emergency management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://openaccess-api.cms-conferences.org/articles/download/978-1-964867-89-2_13" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2485555006", "doi": "10.1007/978-1-349-08903-1_3", "title": "‘A Matter of Fashion Changing’", "year": 1989, "publication_date": "1989-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Valerie Adams" ], "first_author": "Valerie Adams", "venue": "Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks", "publisher": "Palgrave Macmillan", "abstract": "The polarisation which has characterised the debate over chemical warfare and chemical disarmament ever since, and which remains much the same in the late twentieth century, became evident immediately after the First World War. The implications of the development of chemical warfare in 1915–18 did not escape the political or military planners. In particular, the potential for the aerial delivery of gas now opened up the possibility that chemical agents could be used on a massive scale against civilian, as well as military, targets. It was this fear which was to dominate thinking in Britain, Germany and the United States during the inter-war years and during the Second World War. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.", "keywords": [ "Disarmament", "Chemical warfare", "Politics", "First world war", "Political science", "World War II", "History", "Economic history", "Political economy", "Ancient history", "Law", "Sociology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08903-1_3" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7172508952", "doi": "10.1007/s40860-026-00274-6", "title": "Drones-dt: dynamic management of drone fleets represented by Digital Twins", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-05", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Miqueias Araújo", "Lucas Silva", "Iure Fé", "Jonas Nunes", "Francinaldo Barbosa", "Iago Almeida", "Luiz Bittencourt", "Francisco Airton Silva" ], "first_author": "Miqueias Araújo", "venue": "Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": "Abstract Drone-based delivery systems have emerged as a promising solution for urban logistics, offering fast, flexible last-mile delivery. However, fluctuations in demand for requests over time make fleet sizing challenging. Overprovisioning leads to resource underutilization and higher operational costs, while underprovisioning may lead to delivery delays and violations of Service Level Agreements (SLAs). To address this challenge, this work proposes Drones-DT, a Digital Twin architecture designed for dynamic drone fleet management. The approach relies on a Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) analytical model synchronized with a delivery simulator to maintain a continuously updated Digital Shadow of the system. Based on real-time metrics, the Digital Twin performs predictive what-if analyses to estimate performance indicators, such as Mean Mission Time (MMT), system throughput, fleet utilization, and energy consumption, across different fleet configurations. A SLA-oriented decision mechanism, implemented through a binary search strategy, determines the minimum number of drones required to satisfy the target delivery time. The SPN model was statistically validated against a discrete-event simulator, yielding results equivalent to those of the simulator for MMT and throughput at the 95% confidence level. A case study demonstrates that Drones-DT maintains SLA compliance while operating with a significantly smaller average fleet than static provisioning strategies, achieving up to a 16% reduction in energy consumption and associated CO 2 emissions.", "keywords": [ "Provisioning", "Drone", "Sizing", "Throughput", "Energy consumption", "Service (business)", "Fleet management", "Work (physics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40860-026-00274-6.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3216465182", "doi": "10.9734/bpi/ramrcs/v5/1641a", "title": "A Study on Optimization of Truck-Drone Parcel Delivery Using Metaheuristics", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-11-22", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sarab AlMuhaideb", "Taghreed Alhussan", "Sara Alamri", "Yara Altwaijry", "Lujain Aljarbou", "Haifa Alrayes" ], "first_author": "Sarab AlMuhaideb", "venue": "Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This research addresses a variant of the traveling salesman problem in drone-based delivery systems known as the TSP-D. The TSP-D is a combinatorial optimization problem in which a truck and a drone collaborate to deliver parcels to customers, with the objective of minimizing the total delivery time. Determining the optimal solution is NP-hard; thus, the size of the problems that can be solved optimally is limited. Therefore, metaheuristics are used to solve the problem. Metaheuristics are adaptive and intelligent algorithms that have proved their success in many similar problems. This study proposes a hybrid meta-heuristic solution to the TSP-D problem, where the solution is initialized from the optimal TSP solution reached by the Concorde TSP solver. Next, the delivery routes for the truck and the drone are obtained using the greedy, randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) with two local search alternatives. The main contribution of this work is the application of self-adaptive selection when searching the neighbourhood in GRASP. The proposed approach was tested on 200 instances with different properties from the publicly available ”Instances of TSP with Drone” benchmark. Results were evaluated against state-of-the-art algorithms. Nonparametric statistical tests concluded that the proposed approach has comparable performance to the rival algorithms (p = 0:074) in terms of tour duration. The proposed approach has better or similar performance in instances where the drone and truck have the same speed (\\(\\alpha\\) = 1).", "keywords": [ "Metaheuristic", "Drone", "Travelling salesman problem", "GRASP", "Mathematical optimization", "Solver", "Computer science", "Truck", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Heuristic", "Local search (optimization)", "Greedy randomized adaptive search procedure" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ramrcs/v5/1641a" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4367055578", "doi": "10.4324/9781003415725-53", "title": "Identification and Extraction of Retailer's Expectations in the Last-Mile Delivery", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-04-26", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Krishna Veer Tiwari", "Leela Rani V", "Satyendra Kumar Sharma" ], "first_author": "Krishna Veer Tiwari", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "In today’s competitive environment, as customers generate a high demand for products, retailers/manufacturers face additional pressure to meet the dynamic nature of customer demand in a sustainable manner. Last-mile delivery (LMD) is the last leg of the process and is an essential part of the delivery process. Various techniques in the past decade have come up with innovative solutions to optimize the LMD, like the Internet of Things (IoT), Machine learning (ML), autonomous vehicles, parcel lockers, and drone-based delivery, some of which are currently being implemented in industries to improve existing practices. The study involves an extensive review of literature to identify the evolution of retailer’s expectations, including the role of sustainability aspect to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in future delivery models. The literature is synthesized based on the methods adopted, definitions given over the years, and foundational or innovative solutions used. Using keyword cluster analysis and the software VOSviewer, the study highlighted the main enablers of evolving trends in LMD from the standpoint of different stakeholders, such as retailers, and their respective expectations. We compare the results to the present SDGs and group the findings into technology, infrastructure, and society as the three most important drivers. By identifying the research gaps, we propose the future implications for LMD that the focus should be on a specific location-based optimization technique. The value addition of the study is in the form of a comprehensive summary of three decades of literature in LMD from the perspective of the retailer and the investigation of the evolutionary trends.", "keywords": [ "Mile", "Last mile (transportation)", "Identification (biology)", "Extraction (chemistry)", "Business", "Geography", "Chromatography", "Chemistry", "Geodesy" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003415725-53" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2265806502", "doi": "10.4271/881145", "title": "FAA 2000-Some Input by the VSTOL Committee", "year": 1988, "publication_date": "1988-08-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Rodney S. Taylor" ], "first_author": "Rodney S. Taylor", "venue": "SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The major US helicopter manufacturers were asked to support a study by the FAA to design a total FAA system for the year 2000 and beyond. Bell Helicopter Textron chaired a VSTOL committee which collectively prepared and presented the desires of the vertical lift community. A requirement was noted for the necessary infrastructure including vertiports with appropriate landing aids. The integration of emergency medical service into the system was also recommended. Some operational improvements were noted utilizing rapid computational techniques for both ground and airborne systems to reduce separation and permit joint usage of existing facilities under separate rules, maintaining at least the present level of safety. The automation of cockpits using simplified controls and advanced presentation methods to provide the pilot with similar cues under restricted visibility to those available in the real world was also suggested. The paper concludes that the technology is in place today to provide the recommended improvements and urges that action be initiated to provide the desired capabilities.", "keywords": [ "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4271/881145" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4213358396", "doi": "10.1145/3503823.3503878", "title": "Fast Heuristics for Mixed Fleet Capacitated Multiple TSP with Applications to Location Based Games and Drone Assisted Transportation", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-11-26", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Panagiotis Oikonomou", "Nikos Tziritas", "Kostas Kolomvatsos", "Thanasis Loukopoulos" ], "first_author": "Panagiotis Oikonomou", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most known problems in combinatorics and consists of finding a route so that a salesman visits all destination points exactly once with minimum cost. Applications of the problem have long been studied in various fields of computer science, however, with the modernization of transportation means as manifested by autonomous vehicles and drone based delivery, variations of TSP have seen renewed interest. Simultaneously, in location based games such as Pokemon GO, the problem of defining optimal routes in order to direct a single player or a team of players into visiting a set of locations, leads to solving TSP variations. Inspired by the above, in this paper we tackle the problem of Mixed Fleet Capacitated Multiple TSP (mfcmTSP), whereby a set of couriers (using different vehicle types or drones) must deliver a set of homogeneous parcels to predefined destinations with minimum makespan. All transportation means have capacity measured as the number of parcels they can carry. We motivate mfcmTSP considering a scenario whereby all parcels are available at a single base station and a fleet of one truck with unlimited capacity, a motorbike with k capacity and a drone with capacity of one parcel are available to fulfill delivery orders. We present a fast heuristic to obtain good solution quality with negligible running time overhead and compare it against a yardstick strategy whereby only the truck is used. Experiments demonstrate the merits of our approach.", "keywords": [ "Travelling salesman problem", "Heuristics", "Drone", "Computer science", "Heuristic", "Set (abstract data type)", "Truck", "Mathematical optimization", "Operations research", "Lin–Kernighan heuristic", "2-opt", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3503823.3503878" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413096634", "doi": "10.14711/thesis-hdl151300", "title": "Mobility-on-Demand Services in Mixed Transportation Environments: Planning, Operation and Market Equilibrium", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Zemin Wang" ], "first_author": "Zemin Wang", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This thesis investigates various emerging mobility-on-demand services in mixed transportation environments, examining their planning, operational decisions, and how they interact with traditional transportation services through competition and cooperation to establish new market equilibria. The research progressively explores decision models and system equilibria across three distinct scenarios. The first part examines early-stage autonomous vehicle implementation when AVs still depend on road communication infrastructure. It analyzes how a ride-hailing platform optimizes profit using a mixed fleet of Level-4 autonomous vehicles and human-driven vehicles through service area planning and operational strategy adjustments. The case study results show that even with substantial equipment maintenance costs, introducing Level-4 AVs significantly increases platform profits. The second part considers a duopoly ride-hailing market under a mature autonomous driving technology scenario, consisting of an autonomous platform capable of producing AVs and a traditional platform without AV production capability. The two platforms compete to serve urban travel demand via the road network and may engage in cooperation on AV supply depending on market conditions. The case study results demonstrate that two platforms can achieve mutual benefits through AV rental while improving transportation service levels across the network. The third part focuses on on-demand Urban Air Mobility (UAM). It investigates how a UAM operator determines its vertiport locations and operational strategies, taking into account the corresponding adjustments in public transit services. The study further examines how strategic interactions between UAM and public transit influence ride services and the resulting congestion levels in the road network. The case study results indicate that UAM primarily complements metro services when the vertiport maintenance costs are high, but shifts toward competition as these costs decrease. Additionally, the introduction of UAM does not always enhance the overall efficiency of the transportation system; instead, it may intensify road traffic congestion in certain areas. Overall, this thesis presents a comprehensive exploration of business models for various mobility-on-demand services and how they reshape transportation systems through interaction with existing service providers. The methodological frameworks and case study results offer significant insights for real-world transportation planning and regulations.", "keywords": [ "Business", "Transport engineering", "Industrial organization", "Economics", "Computer science", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-151300/1/1783.1-151300.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W801195541", "doi": null, "title": "Research needs for a commercial passenger tiltrotor", "year": 1991, "publication_date": "1991-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "George Unger", "Harold Alexander", "Bonn (Germany). Fachgruppe 2A Luftfahrzeuge Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DGLR)" ], "first_author": "George Unger", "venue": "OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)", "publisher": "Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique", "abstract": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) recently completed a series of contracts and studies that examined the technology needs for a tiltrotor aircraft in commercial service as well as military missions. The commercial needs arise out of market-driven requirements that include vertiport location and design, passenger comfort levels and competitive costs. The military needs are derived from time-sensitive missions and combat effectiveness. In response to these results, NASA has decided to address the commercial needs first, recognizing that there will be eventual payoff to military missions as well. Research goals were explored in acoustics, flight dynamics, human factors and displays, dynamics and loads, propulsion, safety, and configuration design. The paper describes the development of these goals from the market requirements and the implications for possible research activities. The aircraft issues that were addressed include number of blades, advanced blade planforms, steep approach requirements and pilot-cockpit interface for civil operations.", "keywords": [ "Aeronautics", "Engineering", "Cockpit", "Service (business)", "Propulsion", "Systems engineering", "Aerospace engineering", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10068/74702" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7169852465", "doi": "10.1136/conmed-2026-000071", "title": "Emergency blood delivery for women in blood deserts: Closing the gap in postpartum haemorrhage care", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Isita Tripathi", "Nikathan Kumar", "Andrew David Weeks", "Caroline Wesonga Wangamati", "Nakul P. Raykar" ], "first_author": "Isita Tripathi", "venue": "Considerations in Medicine", "publisher": "BMJ", "abstract": "Objective What happens to a new mother experiencing postpartum haemorrhage when there is no blood available? Limited blood stores in remote areas called ‘blood deserts’ leave both providers and patients in dire situations. Several strategies are routinely deployed to address shortages in the absence of banked blood. We describe the current state of these strategies, synthesise research on their efficacy and discuss how they may be used in practice, relying on the frontline stories of Dr Anthony Wanjala, an obstetrician and gynaecologist working in Kapenguria County, Kenya. Summary of key arguments While several interventions have been successful at reducing rates of postpartum haemorrhage, there are circumstances in which blood is critical to the patient’s survival. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the blood delivery pipeline is affected by low donation rates, limited testing and storage sites and under-resourced blood banking infrastructure along with geographic dispatch challenges. Stop-gap measures to address blood unavailability, including walking blood banks, intraoperative autotransfusion and drone-based delivery, are operational in many countries, although several barriers limit more widespread use of these modalities. Conclusion Improving access to blood in LMICs is likely to require integrating and scaling stop-gap measures while continuing to build sustainable blood delivery infrastructure. In moments where obstetric patients rely on blood, these tools can offer life-saving potential for mothers across the world.", "keywords": [ "Economic shortage", "Postpartum haemorrhage", "Blood bank", "Psychological intervention", "Closing (real estate)", "Obstetrics and gynaecology", "Autotransfusion", "Postpartum period" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://considerations.bmj.com/content/conmed/4/1/e000071.full.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128486476", "doi": "10.33424/futurum664", "title": "Preparing the world for the next generation of flying machines", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-02-10", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Jean-Marc Frayret" ], "first_author": "Jean-Marc Frayret", "venue": "Futurum Careers", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Research • Career insights • Activities Inspiring the next generation \"A photo realistic picture of an environment to illustrate what advanced air mobility is and to promote education in the field of industrial engineering applied to AAM\" prompt, ChatGPT5.2Thinking, OpenAI, 09.01.2026,ChatGPT App on a Mac futurum Preparing the world for the next generation of flying machines Advanced air mobility could revolutionise how we transport people and goods.The technology for new aerial vehicles, focused on sustainability and automation, is developing fast -but to make them a reality, we need to understand how they can integrate into today's world.In Canada, Professor Jean-Marc Frayret, of the Polytechnique Montréal, and his colleagues at the SDG Institute of Advanced Air Mobility are using advanced 'digital twin' simulations and other industrial engineering techniques to research how technologies such as drones, flying taxis and vertiports could move from science fiction to reality.", "keywords": [ "Troubleshooting", "Work (physics)", "Key (lock)", "Automation", "Field (mathematics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://futurumcareers.com/Jean-Marc-Frayret-brochure.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7112509138", "doi": null, "title": "Novel Spherical Fuzzy MARCOS Method for Assessment of Drone-Based City Logistics Concepts", "year": null, "publication_date": null, "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Milovan KovaÄ", "Snežana Tadić", "Mladen Krstić", "Mouhamed Bayane Bouraima", "Borna Abramović" ], "first_author": "Milovan KovaÄ", "venue": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "publisher": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "abstract": "Technological innovations from the last few years, in the combination with city logistics (CL) initiatives, make the definition of novel, complex, sustainable CL solutions possible. Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) as a technology attracted lots of attention in the literature. Various researches focused on different drone-based delivery approaches, but there are only a few articles dealing with drones as the elements of complex CL concepts. The goal of this paper is to evaluate different drone-based CL concepts. Based on the existing ideas of drone application in delivery, the main group of CL concepts and their variants are defined, which represents the main contribution of the article. The evaluation and ranking of concepts are performed from the aspect of all CL stakeholders and the defined set of criteria by applying measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) method in spherical fuzzy environment, which represents another contribution of the article. The results indicate that the potentially best CL concept, with the final score of 0.408, is the one that refers to the transformation of the logistics system into a two-echelon system with the implementation of micro-consolidation centers (MCCs), in which the delivery of goods to MCCs is realized with rail transportation mode and the last delivery phase with drones. It is followed by the concepts that imply MCCs, and rail transportation in the function of mobile depots for drone launching and MCCs and ground delivery vehicles (GDVs), with the final scores of 0.395 and 0.390, respectively.", "keywords": [ "Ranking (information retrieval)", "Drone", "Fuzzy logic", "Set (abstract data type)", "Function (biology)", "Fuzzy set", "Field (mathematics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/2374955.xml" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4379933429", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2306.04137", "title": "Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Cooperative Air Transportation Services in City-Wide Autonomous Urban Air Mobility", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-06-07", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chanyoung Park", "Gyu Seon Kim", "Soohyun Park", "Soyi Jung", "Joongheon Kim" ], "first_author": "Chanyoung Park", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "The development of urban-air-mobility (UAM) is rapidly progressing with spurs, and the demand for efficient transportation management systems is a rising need due to the multifaceted environmental uncertainties. Thus, this paper proposes a novel air transportation service management algorithm based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) to address the challenges of multi-UAM cooperation. Specifically, the proposed algorithm in this paper is based on communication network (CommNet) method utilizing centralized training and distributed execution (CTDE) in multiple UAMs for providing efficient air transportation services to passengers collaboratively. Furthermore, this paper adopts actual vertiport maps and UAM specifications for constructing realistic air transportation networks. By evaluating the performance of the proposed algorithm in data-intensive simulations, the results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing approaches in terms of air transportation service quality. Furthermore, there are no inferior UAMs by utilizing parameter sharing in CommNet and a centralized critic network in CTDE. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the research results in this paper can provide a promising solution for autonomous air transportation management systems in city-wide urban areas.", "keywords": [ "Reinforcement learning", "Computer science", "Service (business)", "Distributed computing", "Transport engineering", "Intelligent transportation system", "Air quality index", "Artificial intelligence", "Engineering", "Business" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.04137" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4393060681", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-031-56438-3_1", "title": "Healthcare Delivery in the Era of IR4.0: The Rise of the Drone", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy", "Rahana Abd Rahman", "Mohamad Afiq Hidayat Zailani", "Raja Zahratul Azma Raja Sabudin", "Aniza Binti Ismail", "Shamsuriani Md Jamal", "Ismail Mohd Saiboon" ], "first_author": "Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy", "venue": "World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Health care", "Healthcare delivery", "Political science", "Biology", "Law" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56438-3_1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2901414866", "doi": null, "title": "What to Do with an Army of Interns", "year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-11-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hannah T. Dromiack" ], "first_author": "Hannah T. Dromiack", "venue": "NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)", "publisher": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abstract": "Throughout history the same question has been asked by many mentors, from blacksmiths and cobblers to engineers and scientists. Now, at NASA Ames Research Center, it has been answered once again. Over the summer of 2018, the aeromechanics branch at NASA Ames Research Center was overrun by 53 Interns with backgrounds ranging from physics and engineering to education, from high school students to graduate students, causing this branch's population to grow by 50 percent. The Aeromechanics Office at NASA Ames Research Center is responsible for aeromechanics research activities that directly support the civil competiveness of the U.S. helicopter industry and the vertical lift requirements of the Department of Defense. The interns were set off to assist with work related to vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) technology and vertiport counterparts, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), 3D modeling (CAD), and projects that may even escape this world to Earth's neighbors Mars and Venus. More than 20,000 man-hours were dedicated to completing over 41 projects.", "keywords": [ "Aeronautics", "Research center", "Engineering", "Mars Exploration Program", "Lift (data mining)", "Population", "Work (physics)", "Operations research", "Computer science", "Mechanical engineering", "Sociology", "Political science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180007596" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4391951711", "doi": "10.1117/12.3015879", "title": "Research on the trajectory planning of logistics drones in mountainous environments based on heuristic algorithm", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-02-20", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Xiaojing Zhu" ], "first_author": "Xiaojing Zhu", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "It is a feasible attempt to use drones to deliver some precious agricultural products (such as matsutake,) in mountainous, rural or plateau areas. And how to plan a safe and feasible trajectory for drones is the key. Therefore, this article focuses on the path planning problem of drones in three-dimensional (3D) mountainous environments, aiming to improve the efficiency of drone delivery of agricultural products. Firstly, a corresponding 3D map was established based on the mountainous environment. Furthermore, a digital twin model of the logistics drone was established based on the maximum load limit, maximum turning angle, maximum pitch angle, and other limitations. A multi-objective mathematical model was established based on the objective function of drone transportation of fresh agricultural products, aiming to shorten delivery time while improving the safety of drone flight. The fire-fly algorithm (FA) is affected by the mobile strategy in the process of optimization, so it is easy to fall into local optimization when dealing with large-scale optimization problems such as UAV path planning. Therefore, combined with the optimization strategy of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, this paper designs an improved heuristic algorithm, the improved Firefly algorithm (IFA). Finally, a simulation experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Particle swarm optimization", "Computer science", "Motion planning", "Heuristic", "Firefly algorithm", "Process (computing)", "Mathematical optimization", "Trajectory", "Route planning", "Swarm behaviour", "Simulation" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3015879" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W233333931", "doi": null, "title": "Project CHECO Southeast Asia Report. USAF Aerial Port Operations in RVN", "year": 1970, "publication_date": "1970-08-05", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jack T Humphries" ], "first_author": "Jack T Humphries", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The USAF aerial port system in the Republic of Vietnam (RVN) was the common denominator for all in-country airlift operations. This activity's primary function was that of terminal services support. It provided support for all U.S. military airlift aircraft in RVN, including the loading and offloading of cargo and the processing and manifesting of passengers. Mobility teams were included in the organization to provide a loading and offloading capability at locations not serviced by an aerial port. They assisted in the preparation and planning of unit moves and augmented aerial ports during surge operations. The organization also had Combat Control Teams (CCTs) which could be airlanded or paradropped into forward areas to furnish ground control for airdrops, extractions, or airlanded deliveries. The Combat Control Teams and aerial delivery methods will be detailed in another CHECO report.", "keywords": [ "Port (circuit theory)", "Engineering", "Airlift", "Aeronautics", "Control (management)", "Operations research", "Operations management", "Computer science", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA486866" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W198142659", "doi": "10.21236/ad0726920", "title": "The Mechanical Properties of Textile Materials as Influenced by Structure and Strain Rate", "year": 1971, "publication_date": "1971-04-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jr. Figucia", "Weiner Frank", "Laible Louis I.", "Roy C." ], "first_author": "Jr. Figucia", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Fibrous structures of increasing complexity, as introduced by ply and twist, were subjected to high and low speed tensile tests. The ratio of the strength at high speed to that at low speed is always greater than one but decreases with increasing complexity. The ratio of the elongation to break at high speed to that at low speed is always less than one and also decreases with increasing complexity of structure. The ability to absorb energy markedly increases with increasing complexity of geometry at the low strain rates characteristic of the Instron. The reasons for this additional energy absorption are discussed. Tests at high rates of straining point out the inability of many complex textile structures to translate their superior energy absorption characteristics to high strain rates. The results obtained and the principles demonstrated are applied to the development of improved materials for use in aerial delivery and ballistic applications.", "keywords": [ "Textile", "Strain (injury)", "Materials science", "Composite material", "Strain rate", "Polymer science", "Biology", "Anatomy" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://doi.org/10.21236/ad0726920" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W792703377", "doi": null, "title": "Interview with Miles Netzer", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-01-01", "type": "editorial", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Miles L. Netzer" ], "first_author": "Miles L. Netzer", "venue": "The Mathematics Enthusiast", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Miles Netzer was mostly stationed out of Marine Corps Air Station Miramar in California although he didn't spend much time there. He deployed several times to multiple theaters. His parent unit for the majority of his time in the military was VMGR-352, which was a Marine KC-130 squadron. Their planes conducted air-to-air refueling on helicopters and jets; ground refueling of helos and vehicles; aerial delivery of supplies, people, illumination and pretty much anything you can think to throw out the back of an airplane; and a whole lot of regular cargo transport. They flew with a crew of about five marines filling different positions. He was a Crew Chief responsible for all maintenance, inflight trouble shooting, and operation of several aircraft systems, among other things.", "keywords": [ "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://scholarworks.umt.edu/voh/5" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4402681411", "doi": "10.4050/f-0080-2024-1142", "title": "Applying and Testing the ASTM F3673 - 23 Weather Standard Specification for Enhanced Safety and Efficiency in eVTOL and Helicopter Operations", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-05-07", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Don Berchoff", "Clint Harper", "Chris Zarzar" ], "first_author": "Don Berchoff", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This article addresses the critical need for enhanced weather observation and prediction systems for rotary-wing aircraft. Current weather systems lack granularity in low-altitude airspace, posing safety risks. The application of the ASTM F3673 - 23 Weather Standard Specification is proposed to standardize weather data collection and transition towards a weather sensor performance-based approach rather than instrument certifications, facilitating the deployment of advanced weather sensors. Today, heliports have a binary weather measurement system choice, expensive certified surface weather stations or a windsock. The standard has the potential to change this paradigm, by allowing the deployment of cost-effective digital sensor technology to reduce uncertainty about what is happening at a heliport or vertiport/vertiplex destination. Operationalizing this specification requires rigorous testing and collaboration through public-private partnerships. Bridging the weather educational gap is essential for enhancing safety in low-altitude aviation. Additionally, the integration of Digital Flight Rules (DFR) alongside the ASTM F3673 - 23 Weather Standard presents opportunities for modernizing air traffic management.", "keywords": [ "Reliability engineering", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/F-0080-2024-1142" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7172257760", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.7157818", "title": "The Urban Air Mobility Fleet Scheduling Problem with Nonlinear Charging Time", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Shangqing Cao", "Emin Burak Onat", "Xuan Jiang", "Raja Sengupta", "Mark Hansen" ], "first_author": "Shangqing Cao", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Scheduling (production processes)", "Job shop scheduling", "Operating cost", "Revenue", "Heuristic", "International airport", "Nonlinear system", "Nonlinear programming" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7157818" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4288793384", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2107.02900", "title": "Capacity-Constrained Urban Air Mobility Scheduling", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-07-02", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Qinshuang Wei", "Gustav Nilsson", "Samuel Coogan" ], "first_author": "Qinshuang Wei", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "This paper studies the problem of scheduling urban air mobility trips when travel times are uncertain and capacity at destinations is limited. Urban air mobility, in which air transportation is used for relatively short trips within a city or region, is emerging as a possible component in future transportation networks. Destinations in urban air mobility networks, called vertiports or vertistops, typically have limited landing capacity, and, for safety, it must be guaranteed that an air vehicle will be able to land before it can be allowed to take off. We first present a tractable model of urban air mobility networks that accounts for limited landing capacity and uncertain travel times between destinations with lower and upper travel time bounds. We then establish theoretical bounds on the achievable throughput of the network. Next, we present a tractable algorithm for scheduling trips to satisfy safety constraints and arrival deadlines. The algorithm allows for dynamically updating the schedule to accommodate, e.g., new demands over time. The paper concludes with case studies that demonstrate the algorithm on two networks.", "keywords": [ "TRIPS architecture", "Destinations", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Computer science", "Schedule", "Transport engineering", "Operations research", "Mathematical optimization", "Tourism", "Geography", "Engineering", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.02900" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4407411471", "doi": "10.2514/6.2025-2697", "title": "A Framework for Deriving Top-Level Requirements in UAM Ecosystem with System Performance Considerations", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-03", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hyunsoo Kim", "Hoogyoung Lee", "Kwanjung Yee" ], "first_author": "Hyunsoo Kim", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This study presents a comprehensive framework for analyzing the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) ecosystem. The proposed framework integrates multiple disciplinary approaches to simulate the complex interactions within the UAM ecosystem. As a preliminary research result, it encompasses aircraft conceptual design, operational simulations, cost estimation, and demand modeling. In this study, we defined system performance with transport success rate and profit margin. Also, the study identifies critical factors influencing the system performance with two demand type: in circulating demand flows, characterized by high flight frequencies, the utilization of Touchdown and Liftoff (TLOF) facilities is constrained by flight separation intervals; in concentrating demand flows, vertiport capacity limitations emerge as the primary bottleneck. Furthermore, the findings indicate that increasing aircraft seating capacity is particularly advantageous under concentrating demand flow conditions. This analysis underscores the framework's ability to predict the optimal fleet size and seat capacities based on demand patterns and volumes. Ultimately, the framework provides a robust tool for analyzing trends and deriving top-level requirements within the UAM ecosystem.", "keywords": [ "Ecosystem", "Computer science", "Environmental science", "Ecology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2697" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7159819403", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.19966897", "title": "Optimizing Advanced Air Mobility Operations in a Corridor Network", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-20", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Felipe Cordera", "Alexandre Jacquillat", "Spencer McDonald" ], "first_author": "Felipe Cordera", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "Electric vertical-takeoff-and-landing (eVTOL) vehicles are paving the way toward Advanced Air Mobility (AAM). AAM systems are expected to rely on corridor networks, where en-route separation and directional flow management are essential to ensure safe and efficient operations. This paper develops a tractable optimization framework for AAM operations that jointly determines vehicle dispatching and routing, four-dimensional flight trajectories, and flow directionality in capacitated corridors. We formulate an integer optimization model in a time--space--lane network that exploits a subpath structure at the flight level. We solve it via column generation to decompose vehicle dispatching and corridor flow decisions in a master problem and flight trajectories in a pricing problem, using a tailored backward label-setting algorithm. Our method scales to realistic instances with up to 50 vertiports, 2,000 corridor conjunctions, and hundreds of trip requests. Results demonstrate that the integrated optimization methodology can provide significant benefits as compared to benchmarks, resulting in higher operating profits and larger demand coverage.", "keywords": [ "Exploit", "Flow network", "Column generation", "Flow (mathematics)", "Integer (computer science)", "Air traffic control", "Optimization problem", "Integer programming" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19966897" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415375853", "doi": "10.26552/pas.z.2025.1.23", "title": "Urban Air Mobility ako ďalšia dimenzia dopravy v mestách", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": null, "authors": [ "Artúr Malaník", "Andrej Novák" ], "first_author": "Artúr Malaník", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This thesis analyzes Urban Air Mobility (UAM) as an innovative solution to urban transport challenges in the EU, focusing on technologies, infrastructure, regulations, and benefits for transport and logistics. UAM, utilizing eVTOL aircraft, can reduce traffic congestion, create jobs, and lower CO2 emissions. In the EU, countries like France and Germany lead in infrastructure development and certification of models like Volocopter VoloCity. UAM could generate 90,000 jobs and a market value of 4.2 billion EUR by 2030, while cutting emissions by up to 52% per passengerkilometer. In logistics, it shortens delivery times to 15–30 minutes and reduces costs by 20–30%. Mathematical modeling estimates UAM adoption at 0.5–2% of trips in London could save 31–124 minutes annually per driver. Challenges include high vertiport costs (500,000–2 million EUR), regulatory harmonization, and public safety concerns. Recommendations include infrastructure investments, unified regulations, and public campaigns to enhance acceptance.", "keywords": [ "TRIPS architecture", "Public transport", "Certification", "Air transport", "Rail network", "Work (physics)", "Cost–benefit analysis", "Value (mathematics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://drepo.uniza.sk/bitstreams/8b24807f-f342-4416-bdc4-b66ba7bf0851/download" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4407390013", "doi": "10.31410/eman.2024.589", "title": "Prototype Proposal for Urban Air Mobility in the Albanian Air Space", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kreshnik Vukatana", "Marius Baci" ], "first_author": "Kreshnik Vukatana", "venue": "International Scientific Conference EMAN. Economics & Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a modern solution to urban transporta­tion challenges, offering a promising alternative to traditional modes of trav­el. This paper investigates the state of the art of this alternative solution and a system prototype proposal in the context of Albania. Several challenges such as vortex wake & jet blast phenomena, wind risk, obstacles, and regulatory legislation are addressed through an analysis. The idea behind this proposal is to innovate traveling in Albania through UAM using special air taxis. In the proposal is suggested to establish two vertiports at Tirana airport and one in the city, which will serve as key hubs for air taxi operations. From an econom­ic perspective, the introduction of UAM can stimulate economic growth by at­tracting tourism, generating employment opportunities, and new opportuni­ties for local businesses. Moreover, UAM has the potential to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce carbon emissions, contributing to a more sustainable urban environment. By ensuring a good implementation, it can enhance the overall quality of life for residents and visitors alike.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Space (punctuation)", "Urban space", "Environmental science", "Environmental planning", "Operating system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.31410/eman.2024.589" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7160737379", "doi": null, "title": "Addison Ferrell, SkyPorts Infrastructure", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-08", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Addison Ferrell" ], "first_author": "Addison Ferrell", "venue": "Scholarly Commons (Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)", "publisher": "Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University", "abstract": "Day 1 Fireside Chat – Infrastructure Providers: Addison Ferrell Addison Ferrell is Director of Infrastructure for Skyports, leading the company’s acquisition, design, development, and operation of skyports for helicopters and air taxis across the globe. His team addresses real estate agreements, local stakeholder engagement, regulatory approvals, airport planning, operational procedures, and enabling technology required to develop and operate safe, efficient, passenger-friendly skyports. Major projects include building the world’s first commercial vertiport network in Dubai and operating the world’s busiest commercial heliport, Downtown Skyport, in NYC. Addison began his career as a mechanical engineer designing jet engines at GE Aviation. Following that, he joined McKinsey as a management consultant, serving clients in aerospace & defense and other industrials on a range of strategic and operational topics. He has degrees from Duke University (BS), University of Cincinnati (MS), and Harvard Business School (MBA). He is based in Boston, MA.", "keywords": [ "Real estate", "Taxis", "Aerospace", "Downtown", "Corporation", "Strategic management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://commons.erau.edu/faam-symposium-gallery/13" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7164130376", "doi": "10.4050/f-0082-2026-0004", "title": "Application of the Actuator Line Method Coupled with the Lattice Boltzmann Method for Prediction of eVTOL Downwash/Outwash", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-05", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "J H Lim", "Kwanjung Yee" ], "first_author": "J H Lim", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This study develops an efficient framework coupling the Lattice Boltzmann Method with the Actuator Line Method to evaluate the unsteady downwash/outwash of eVTOL aircraft. By incorporating a modified Prandtl loss function with geometric smearing correction, the framework accurately predicts velocity profiles and preserves unsteady vortices at lower computational costs than conventional RANS-based simulations. Analyzing three distinct eVTOL configurations sized for identical payload missions reveals that higher disk loading and multi-rotor interactions generate highly asymmetric, localized jet-like outwash structures, contrasting with the symmetric ground-level footprint of single rotor designs. Utilizing a 95th percentile velocity metric, transient peak hazards breach the regulated vertiport Safety Area boundary, extending up to 1.65 times the prescribed baseline limit. These findings demonstrate that time-averaged metrics underestimate physical hazards, highlighting the necessity for future guidelines to mandate configuration specific evaluations utilizing high-resolution unsteady flow data and robust statistical processing.", "keywords": [ "Lattice Boltzmann methods", "Actuator", "Vortex", "Line (geometry)", "Control theory (sociology)", "Coupling (piping)", "Percentile", "Transient (computer programming)", "Function (biology)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0004" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163570763", "doi": "10.2514/6.2026-4218", "title": "Supervisory Control Architecture for Safe eVTOL Routing", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-04", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Carolina Rutili de Lima", "Fernando J. Oliveira Moreira", "Marcos R. O. A. Maximo" ], "first_author": "Carolina Rutili de Lima", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper introduces a hybrid supervisory–optimization framework for safe and efficient management of electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) operations in Urban Air Mobility (UAM) networks. The proposed architecture integrates a routing optimizer, formulated as a multi-depot Energy-Constrained Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (ECVRPTW), with a Supervisory Control Theory (SCT) layer based on Discrete Event Systems (DES). The optimizer generates energy-efficient schedules that respect battery limits, vertiport capacity, and time constraints. At the same time, the SCT supervisor formally enforces safety and non-blocking operation in the presence of uncontrollable events, such as faults or adverse weather. A real-time simulation and Graphical User Interface (GUI) were developed to couple the two layers, enabling dynamic event injection, schedule re-optimization, and visualization of supervisory actions. Results show that the framework ensures safe and resilient multi-eVTOL operations, maintaining mission continuity and compliance with formal safety specifications even in the presence of disturbances.", "keywords": [ "Supervisory control", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Control (management)", "Architecture", "Control system", "Class (philosophy)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4218" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4411004473", "doi": "10.55248/gengpi.6.0525.1999", "title": "Navigating the Reality and Future of of Urban Air Mobility Transportation", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sithandile F Mpala", "Pritha Chakraborty" ], "first_author": "Sithandile F Mpala", "venue": "International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Urban Air Mobility (UAM) represents a transformative shift in the way cities manage transportation and address growing urban congestion.This study explores the current landscape and future potential of UAM, particularly focusing on short-distance routes such as those between Noida and Delhi.The research combines qualitative and quantitative methodologies, using stakeholder surveys, expert interviews, and regional transport data to analyze the feasibility, benefits, and challenges of UAM deployment.Key findings indicate a high level of interest from stakeholders, significant infrastructure and regulatory gaps, and considerable environmental and economic potential.The study concludes by providing a roadmap for the integration of UAM in urban mobility strategies and highlights the role of public-private partnerships in achieving future scalability and sustainability.• Key barriers: Lack of airspace management rules, insurance liability norms, and standardized pilot licensing for UAM. Role of UAM in Urban PlanningUAM is not just a transport upgrade-it reshapes how cities are designed.Strategic placement of vertiports can decongest roadways and reduce the need for massive highways.Integration with metro lines, buses, and e-rickshaws will be crucial.", "keywords": [ "Environmental planning", "Transport engineering", "Geography", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0525.1999" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7159827647", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.19966896", "title": "Optimizing Advanced Air Mobility Operations in a Corridor Network", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-20", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Felipe Cordera", "Alexandre Jacquillat", "Spencer McDonald" ], "first_author": "Felipe Cordera", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "Electric vertical-takeoff-and-landing (eVTOL) vehicles are paving the way toward Advanced Air Mobility (AAM). AAM systems are expected to rely on corridor networks, where en-route separation and directional flow management are essential to ensure safe and efficient operations. This paper develops a tractable optimization framework for AAM operations that jointly determines vehicle dispatching and routing, four-dimensional flight trajectories, and flow directionality in capacitated corridors. We formulate an integer optimization model in a time--space--lane network that exploits a subpath structure at the flight level. We solve it via column generation to decompose vehicle dispatching and corridor flow decisions in a master problem and flight trajectories in a pricing problem, using a tailored backward label-setting algorithm. Our method scales to realistic instances with up to 50 vertiports, 2,000 corridor conjunctions, and hundreds of trip requests. Results demonstrate that the integrated optimization methodology can provide significant benefits as compared to benchmarks, resulting in higher operating profits and larger demand coverage.", "keywords": [ "Exploit", "Flow network", "Column generation", "Flow (mathematics)", "Integer (computer science)", "Air traffic control", "Optimization problem", "Integer programming" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19966896" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4287271707", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2103.07519", "title": "Safe Sampling-Based Air-Ground Rendezvous Algorithm for Complex Urban\\n Environments", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-03-12", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Gabriel Barsi Haberfeld", "Aditya Gahlawat", "Naira Hovakimyan" ], "first_author": "Gabriel Barsi Haberfeld", "venue": "ArXiv.org", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Demand for fast and economical parcel deliveries in urban environments has\\nrisen considerably in recent years. A framework envisions efficient last-mile\\ndelivery in urban environments by leveraging a network of ride-sharing\\nvehicles, where Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) drop packages on said vehicles,\\nwhich then cover the majority of the distance before final aerial delivery.\\nNotably, we consider the problem of planning a rendezvous path for the UAS to\\nreach a human driver, who may choose between N possible paths and has uncertain\\nbehavior, while meeting strict safety constraints. The long planning horizon\\nand safety constraints require robust heuristics that combine learning and\\noptimal control using Gaussian Process Regression, sampling-based optimization,\\nand Model Predictive Control. The resulting algorithm is computationally\\nefficient and shown to be effective in a variety of qualitative scenarios.\\n", "keywords": [ "Heuristics", "Computer science", "Rendezvous", "Motion planning", "Cover (algebra)", "Real-time computing", "Time horizon", "Mathematical optimization", "Operations research", "Artificial intelligence", "Engineering", "Robot" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.07519" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7154583666", "doi": "10.4018/979-8-3373-7128-3.ch008", "title": "E-Commerce Boom With Changing Last-Mile Demand", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-16", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "ng", "authors": [ "Brijendra Parasnath Gupta" ], "first_author": "Brijendra Parasnath Gupta", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The surge in online retail since the mid-2010s has done more than lift parcel volumes—it has restructured the economics, geography, and environmental stakes of urban goods delivery. This chapter examines how e-commerce growth has remade last-mile logistics, moving from the structural forces that drove adoption to the demand pressures those forces created and the operational responses they have prompted. Mobile internet diffusion, platform competition, shifting household shopping habits, and the COVID-19 disruption each contributed to an acceleration that outpaced the capacity of inherited delivery systems. Innovations now being tested and scaled—from gig-based courier platforms and autonomous aerial delivery to fleet electrification, algorithmic routing, and parcel locker networks—address real problems but also carry unresolved trade-offs around cost, equity, labor, and regulation.", "keywords": [ "Boom", "Lift (data mining)", "The Internet", "Surge", "Falling (accident)", "On demand" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-7128-3.ch008" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3201547130", "doi": "10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.02096", "title": "Key technologies and combat pattern analysis of autonomous flight sonobuoy", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-12-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ning SUN", "Shasha Ma" ], "first_author": "Ning SUN", "venue": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Launched from a sonobuoy tube and capable of autonomous flight, the autonomous sonobuoy frees the traditional sonobuoy from dependence on costly aerial delivery platforms. It can be installed on various small and medium-sized surface ships and unmanned vehicles to support the operational needs of long-distance and rapid situation awareness regarding underwater battlefields. By introducing the development of in-tube launch and sonobuoy technology, this paper proposes the design method of the autonomous sonobuoy and summarizes the key technologies of autonomous sonobuoy cluster operations, including cluster control, intelligent decision-making, network detection and so on. Furthermore, the combat patterns of autonomous sonobuoy clusters in wide-area cooperative detection, multi-source information support and evaluation assistance of combat effectiveness are analyzed. The results can provide references for the demand analysis, design and application of autonomous sonobuoy clusters.", "keywords": [ "Key (lock)", "Aeronautics", "Computer science", "Computer security", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doaj.org/article/6826e6f9584a42ab9cfad50ce053fcf9" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W1530696893", "doi": null, "title": "Evaluation of C-130/C-141 Prototype Gate Release Device System", "year": 1987, "publication_date": "1987-12-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Miguel Ángel Sánchez López", "R. Otis", "Johnson, Craig S." ], "first_author": "Miguel Ángel Sánchez López", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This test program was conducted to evaluate Container Delivery System (CDS) airdrop of equipment form C-130 and C-141 aircraft with a Gate Release Device (GRD). The GRD was an electromagnetic device designed to replace the knife and pulley system presently used to release A-22 containers. Six tests were conducted form a C-130 and five from a C-141. The C-130 flew at 130 KIAS and the C-141 flew at 150 KIAS. The C-130 flew at altitudes ranging from 600 to 2,00 feet above ground level (AGL) and the C-141 at 1,00 feet AGL at test initiation. Container gross weights ranged form 575 to 2,325 pounds. Keywords: Cargo parachutes; Air drop operations; Aerial delivery; Jet transport aircraft; CDS(Container Delivery System); CVR(Center Vertical Restraints); Rails.", "keywords": [ "Delivery system", "Container (type theory)", "Pulley", "Engineering", "Marine engineering", "Drop test", "Aeronautics", "Mechanical engineering", "Structural engineering", "Biomedical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA190403" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2968074676", "doi": "10.4050/f-0075-2019-14659", "title": "Helicopter Trajectory Optimization after Aerial Slung Load Release", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-05-13", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Luofeng Wang", "Renliang Chen", "Xufei Yan" ], "first_author": "Luofeng Wang", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The intention of this paper is to provide the pilot with optimal control time history for the stabilization of a helicopter after releasing the slung load in an aerial delivery mission. A model with 31 degrees of freedom (31-DOF) has been developed and validated for a helicopter with a slung load system, from which the reduced 6-DOF rigid body helicopter model is used to generate trajectory optimization results. Investigations have been carried out on the effects of different configurations of the objective function and different assignments of weight coefficients on optimization results to determine the most appropriate objective function. The final result complies with the conclusion that the pilot should mainly decrease the collective control and adjust the longitudinal control to stabilize the helicopter after load release, while the lateral control and pedal control can be left to the control system because of their small amplitudes, and the manipulations are more aggressive as the load weight increases.", "keywords": [ "Trajectory", "Control theory (sociology)", "Trajectory optimization", "Optimal control", "Control (management)", "Computer science", "Function (biology)", "Simulation", "Mathematics", "Physics", "Mathematical optimization" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/F-0075-2019-14659" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3137738847", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2103.07519", "title": "Safe Sampling-Based Air-Ground Rendezvous Algorithm for Complex Urban Environments", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-03-12", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Gabriel Barsi Haberfeld", "Aditya Gahlawat", "Naira Hovakimyan" ], "first_author": "Gabriel Barsi Haberfeld", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Demand for fast and economical parcel deliveries in urban environments has risen considerably in recent years. A framework envisions efficient last-mile delivery in urban environments by leveraging a network of ride-sharing vehicles, where Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) drop packages on said vehicles, which then cover the majority of the distance before final aerial delivery. Notably, we consider the problem of planning a rendezvous path for the UAS to reach a human driver, who may choose between N possible paths and has uncertain behavior, while meeting strict safety constraints. The long planning horizon and safety constraints require robust heuristics that combine learning and optimal control using Gaussian Process Regression, sampling-based optimization, and Model Predictive Control. The resulting algorithm is computationally efficient and shown to be effective in a variety of qualitative scenarios.", "keywords": [ "Heuristics", "Computer science", "Rendezvous", "Motion planning", "Cover (algebra)", "Mathematical optimization", "Time horizon", "Real-time computing", "Operations research", "Artificial intelligence", "Engineering", "Robot" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.07519" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W316548252", "doi": null, "title": "HADOPAD RADAR ACTUATOR DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE.", "year": 1965, "publication_date": "1965-02-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "John J. Roach", "Wiseman,Malcolm L." ], "first_author": "John J. Roach", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "A low-cost radar actuator for use as a component in a delayed-opening parachute aerial-delivery system has been developed. This device is known as HADOPAD (High-Altitude Delayed-Opening Parachute Actuating Device). The device, based on radar principles, will open a main recovery parachute at either of two preset heights (1000 or 1700 ft) above the ground. The complete system utilizes a drogue-parachute stabilizing stage for free fall from high altitude followed by a main- parachute recovery stage which is initiated at low altitude by the radar actuator. Limited field testing of the radar actuator at Fort Devens, Mass. has shown the feasibility of the device as a parachute actuator, but some additional engineering and complete environmental tests are necessary before initiation of quantity production. Forty actuators were constructed by HDL during the research and development phase. (Author)", "keywords": [ "Actuator", "Radar", "Altitude (triangle)", "Engineering", "Aerospace engineering", "Computer science", "Remote sensing", "Geology", "Electrical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0632572" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4408611803", "doi": "10.1088/1742-6596/2977/1/012018", "title": "Design and aerodynamic analysis of a samara-inspired unmanned aerial vehicle", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Hongming Shi" ], "first_author": "Hongming Shi", "venue": "Journal of Physics Conference Series", "publisher": "IOP Publishing", "abstract": "Abstract This paper presents the design and aerodynamic analysis of a novel unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspired by the samara seed’s natural flight mechanics. The UAV is designed to emulate the self-stabilizing spin behavior of the winged seed during descent, offering an innovative approach to UAV swarm applications. The aircraft incorporates a spinning wing, a load-bearing fuselage, and integrated propulsion and control systems, optimized for both military and civilian use. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the aerodynamic performance of the UAV was evaluated under various operational conditions, focusing on lift generation, stability, and control dynamics. The results demonstrate that the samara-inspired design achieves stable spin flight and adequate lift to carry a payload while maintaining lateral stability. Potential applications for this design include precision aerial delivery, reconnaissance, and environmental monitoring.", "keywords": [ "Samara", "Aerodynamics", "Aerospace engineering", "Aeronautics", "Marine engineering", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2977/1/012018" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4381744649", "doi": "10.4050/f-0079-2023-18138", "title": "SmartHangars and SAE International Aircraft Charging Standards", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-05-16", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Joshua Portlock", "Richard A. R. Watson" ], "first_author": "Joshua Portlock", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Electro.Aero has been supporting the emerging electric aviation industry for nearly a decade, including the development of chargers, electrical management systems, battery management systems and electric propulsion systems to numerous electric aircraft development projects. During that time, it was identified that the industry needed standardization, especially regarding the charging coupler, so the SAE AE-7D committee was founded by Joshua Portlock in 2018 to help standardize electric aircraft charging and energy management. While the charging coupler standard was proving to be of high priority to the industry, there has also been a noticeable trend that typical airport hangars do not have sufficient electrical power to charge the growing power demands of future electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Therefore, SmartHangar technology was developed, whereby the limited grid connectivity is supplemented by solar and stationary battery energy storage systems to help deliver the peak power demands of electric aviation charging, whilst also helping airports and vertiports transition to more self-sufficient sustainable energy.", "keywords": [ "Aviation", "Standardization", "Battery (electricity)", "Automotive engineering", "Electric power system", "Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion", "Propulsion", "Energy storage", "Electric power", "Electrical engineering", "Electric vehicle", "Electric power industry" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/F-0079-2023-18138" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2640640294", "doi": "10.4050/f-0072-2016-11509", "title": "Humanitarian Operation Packaged Essentials From an Underslung Load", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-05-17", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Marc Tardiff" ], "first_author": "Marc Tardiff", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Disasters, both natural and man-made, occur every year and can significantly impact a population near the disaster site. In some disasters, ground lines of communication and transportation may be damaged or destroyed making it impossible to quickly deliver aid via traditional methods. Aerial delivery provides humanitarian aid response within hours following a disaster. The currently utilized solutions present significant risk of injury to the underlying population from the descending items. Delivering a substantial volume of aid in a single container also raises concerns that the strong or weapon-wielding population will take control of the container and ration out the aid as they see fit. The goal of this paper is to document the design, development and testing of a helicopter delivery system that will deliver food and water over a population and significantly reduce the risk of injury from dispersed aid items over the population.", "keywords": [ "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11509" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4409376263", "doi": "10.55041/isjem02768", "title": "PAVING THE WAY FOR SUSTAINABLE AIR TAXIS USING SOLAR POWER", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-11", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Srushti Dagade", "Abhishek A. Kadam", "P. Rajendra Yadav" ], "first_author": "Srushti Dagade", "venue": "International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The following paper explores the integration of drones in the aviation industry, covering the application, safety considerations and potential benefits using sustainable resource. Drones (Air taxi) equipped with solar panels are environmentally friendly solution for urban air mobility, utilizing solar energy, battery storage, and electric propulsion to promote sustainable transportation. Photovoltaic panels capture solar energy, which is then stored in batteries (high-efficiency batteries) to power electric rotors, allowing for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). The paper examines application of drone (Air Taxi) to carry payload and deliver them to their designated locations which can be very important to aviation industry. Charging is facilitated by solar-powered vertiports, minimizing the need for conventional energy sources. This innovative technology aims to deliver zero-emission, cost-effective, and congestion-free air travel, revolutionizing urban mobility while decreasing carbon footprints and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Keywords: Solar Power, Renewable Energy, Sustainability, Clean Technology, Smart Design, Emissions Reduction, Future Transportation.", "keywords": [ "Taxis", "Solar power", "Environmental science", "Power (physics)", "Architectural engineering", "Engineering", "Transport engineering", "Physics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem02768" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3191065627", "doi": "10.1109/icuas51884.2021.9476815", "title": "Safe Sampling-Based Air-Ground Rendezvous Algorithm for Dense Street Maps", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-06-15", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Gabriel Barsi Haberfeld", "Aditya Gahlawat", "Naira Hovakimyan" ], "first_author": "Gabriel Barsi Haberfeld", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Demand for fast and economical parcel deliveries in urban environments has risen considerably in recent years. A framework envisions efficient last-mile delivery in urban environments by leveraging a network of ride-sharing vehicles, where Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) drop packages on said vehicles, which then cover the majority of the distance before final aerial delivery. Notably, we consider the problem of planning a rendezvous path for the UAS to reach a human driver, who may choose between N possible paths and has uncertain behavior, while meeting strict safety constraints. The long planning horizon and safety constraints require robust heuristics that combine learning and optimal control using Gaussian Process Regression, sampling-based optimization, and Model Predictive Control. The resulting algorithm is computationally efficient and shown to be effective in a variety of qualitative scenarios.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Heuristics", "Rendezvous", "Motion planning", "Cover (algebra)", "Real-time computing", "Gaussian process", "Operations research", "Mathematical optimization", "Gaussian", "Artificial intelligence", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas51884.2021.9476815" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4414808842", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2510.00646", "title": "Enabling High-Frequency Cross-Modality Visual Positioning Service for Accurate Drone Landing", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Haoyang Wang", "Xinyu Luo", "Wenhua Ding", "Jingao Xu", "Xuecheng Chen", "Ruiyang Duan", "Chen, Jialong", "Haitao Zhang", "Yunhao Liu", "Xinlei Chen" ], "first_author": "Haoyang Wang", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "After years of growth, drone-based delivery is transforming logistics. At its core, real-time 6-DoF drone pose tracking enables precise flight control and accurate drone landing. With the widespread availability of urban 3D maps, the Visual Positioning Service (VPS), a mobile pose estimation system, has been adapted to enhance drone pose tracking during the landing phase, as conventional systems like GPS are unreliable in urban environments due to signal attenuation and multi-path propagation. However, deploying the current VPS on drones faces limitations in both estimation accuracy and efficiency. In this work, we redesign drone-oriented VPS with the event camera and introduce EV-Pose to enable accurate, high-frequency 6-DoF pose tracking for accurate drone landing. EV-Pose introduces a spatio-temporal feature-instructed pose estimation module that extracts a temporal distance field to enable 3D point map matching for pose estimation; and a motion-aware hierarchical fusion and optimization scheme to enhance the above estimation in accuracy and efficiency, by utilizing drone motion in the \\textit{early stage} of event filtering and the \\textit{later stage} of pose optimization. Evaluation shows that EV-Pose achieves a rotation accuracy of 1.34$\\degree$ and a translation accuracy of 6.9$mm$ with a tracking latency of 10.08$ms$, outperforming baselines by $>$50\\%, \\tmcrevise{thus enabling accurate drone landings.} Demo: https://ev-pose.github.io/", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Pose", "Global Positioning System", "Event (particle physics)", "Matching (statistics)", "Tracking (education)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.00646" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161057255", "doi": "10.69889/c19wn488", "title": "Technological Disruption in Indian Logistics: A Study of Autonomous Vehicles in Last- and Mid-Mile Delivery", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-13", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Upasana Saxena Nikhilesh Sharma" ], "first_author": "Upasana Saxena Nikhilesh Sharma", "venue": "Economic Sciences.", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Purpose: The last-mile and mid-mile delivery landscape in India are undergoing a significant transformation driven by the growing adoption of Autonomous Delivery Vehicles (ADVs). These include various types, such as ground delivery robots, aerial delivery drones, and self-driving trucks and vans, which are set to impact the logistics sector fundamentally. Th study proposes a conceptual model based on Technology Readiness Theory and Innovation Resistance Theory to understand improvements in operational efficiency, cost reductions, and increased sustainability, addressing challenges high labor costs, environmental impacts, and urban transportation congestion. Methodology: use a survey method with a questionnaire to identify the barriers and challenges faced by ADVs in India and explore user perceptions of technological innovation in this context. PLS-SEM is to validate the model. Result: The analysis indicates that the adoption of ADVs in India is likely to be gradual and essential for ongoing innovation, with careful consideration of social stability.", "keywords": [ "Truck", "Conceptual framework", "Conceptual model", "Resistance (ecology)", "Delivery system", "Set (abstract data type)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://economic-sciences.com/index.php/journal/article/download/714/621" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4412485317", "doi": "10.2514/6.2025-3138", "title": "Contextualizing the Acoustics of Joby Aviation Aircraft Operations with an Ambient Noise Model", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-07-16", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Austin Thai", "Jeremy J. Bain", "David Y. Josephson", "Ryan Naru", "Shane V. Lympany", "Juliet A. Page" ], "first_author": "Austin Thai", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Acoustics simulations of the Joby Aviation S4 aircraft and a representative helicopter are conducted to estimate the noise impact of sample flight operations in an urban environment. A physics-informed machine learning model of ambient noise is used to provide context to the acoustic impact on the local community around a representative heliport for realistic flight operations. Sample flights between the Maguire California Hospital heliport and a heliport at the John Wayne airport are explored. The simulations show that flyover noise between the heliports for the majority of the flight with the S4 will be below the ambient levels unlike the helicopter. Analysis of approach and departure operations of the Joby aircraft show significantly less acoustic impact than the helicopter, with much lower peak levels and sound exposure. In addition, investigation of potentially noise-sensitive locations near the vertiport reveals that daytime flights of the Joby aircraft never exceed the ambient. Accurately predicting potential community noise impacts from Joby aircraft operations requires further understanding of ambient conditions and masking effects - beyond what is typically accounted for in conventional modeling approaches.", "keywords": [ "Aviation", "Acoustics", "Noise (video)", "Aircraft noise", "Aeronautics", "Computer science", "Ambient noise level", "Aerospace engineering", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Sound (geography)", "Physics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3138" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415455958", "doi": "10.3397/in_2025_1072184", "title": "Effects of exposure to unmanned aircraft systems sound: Applying machine learning and parametric clustered-data models to human response prediction", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-22", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Michael J. B. Lotinga", "Marc C. Green", "Antonio J. Torija" ], "first_author": "Michael J. B. Lotinga", "venue": "NOISE-CON proceedings", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Unconventional aviation technologies such as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are emerging around the world to meet demand for enhanced, sustainable mobility, logistics and other civil applications. Alongside the benefits, these novel vehicles introduce a new potential source of noise, which can impact areas in proximity to flightpaths and associated infrastructure, such as vertiports. Understanding of human responses to these sound sources is in early stages, with initial research suggesting that UAS could have sound characteristics that impart greater adverse responses in comparison with conventional modes of transport at similar levels of sound exposure. In this study, a listening experiment was undertaken to investigate subjective responses to UAS in controlled conditions. The experiment addressed noticeability and annoyance associated with a range of aircraft sounds embedded within realistic acoustic environments representing urban soundscapes. The experimental results have been used to develop predictive models, making use of machine learning techniques and parametric cluster-correlated regression models to identify important (psycho)acoustic features influencing responses to UAS sounds. These models will contribute to the objective of optimising flightpath routes in populated areas for a range of important factors, including community noise impact.", "keywords": [ "Parametric statistics", "Annoyance", "Range (aeronautics)", "Aviation", "Noise (video)", "Aircraft noise", "Parametric model", "Training (meteorology)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3397/in_2025_1072184" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7162776080", "doi": "10.4050/sm-2026-vlada-5209", "title": "Impact of Aircraft Parameters on AAM Downwash/Outwash Characteristics", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-27", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Jagdeep Batther", "Zoren Habana", "Jan Goericke", "Chengjian He" ], "first_author": "Jagdeep Batther", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) air vehicles with electric vertical takeoff and landing capability come in a wide variety of configurations and are often equipped with many lift and propulsion devices. Lift rotors of AAM configurations often have high disk loading which produce strong downwash and outwash (DWOW) at low speed and hover close to the ground. Recent outwash surveys of AAM aircraft have confirmed the presence of strong DWOW produced by various aircraft configurations [1]. The capability to predict the DWOW characteristics produced by these aircraft can aid in deriving requirements for vertiport design, ground operation, and landing/takeoff flight safety procedures. This paper investigates the sensitivity of selected aircraft design and operation parameters on the overall DWOW. This includes rotor horizontal and vertical separation distances, and near ground flight maneuvers. The focus in this paper is on the DWOW profile near the aircraft to help inform design and operational decisions. Moreover, transient approach/departure simulation for an AAM aircraft are conducted for an understanding of the complex flow field during unsteady flight maneuvers. The Viscous Vortex Particle Method (VVPM) is used to estimate the aircraft DWOW characteristics.", "keywords": [ "Takeoff and landing", "Downwash", "Runway", "Takeoff", "Lift (data mining)", "Propulsion", "Transient (computer programming)", "Airplane", "Aerodynamics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/sm-2026-vlada-5209" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4416274059", "doi": "10.36106/ijar/3409808", "title": "EXTRA CORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATOR - A SAVIOR IN SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Chandrasekhar Krishnamurti" ], "first_author": "Chandrasekhar Krishnamurti", "venue": "Indian Journal Of Applied Research", "publisher": "World Wide Journals", "abstract": "The speed of medical interventions in many emergent clinical conditions decides life and death outcomes. Significant developments in addressing this requirement are the availability of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) facilitating first responders to promptly defibrillate patients in shockable cardiac arrest. The development of auto-injectors for adrenaline in anaphylactic reactions and intranasal naloxone for acute opioid overdose has saved many lives before the arrival of emergency medical technicians. The time frame within which medical responders can arrive on-scene has, therefore, a direct bearing on the treatment and outcome of these time-sensitive emergencies. There is an ongoing effort to deliver critical medical supplies at the scene of the emergency. Even in advanced countries, arrival of an ambulance at the scene of an event takes a minimum of 8 minutes. Serious cases will succumb in that time period. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones-based delivery of time-critical medical supplies is an emerging alternative in reducing response times in critical care scenarios. Drones are able to autonomously deliver AEDs to the site of an outside hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), faster than a pedestrian who is able to locate and retrieve and AED in a community setting. UAVs can also deliver oxygen, preloaded epinephrine syringes, intravenous fluids, naloxone nasal drops and other critical drugs to remote areas, over challenging terrains, in quick time. The integration of drone technology into emergency medical services (EMS) has to secure regulatory approvals, consider privacy concerns and based on sound logistical frameworks", "keywords": [ "Emergency medical services", "Opioid overdose", "(+)-Naloxone", "Drone", "Sudden cardiac arrest", "Golden hour (medicine)", "Psychological intervention", "Pedestrian" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/3409808" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7155204273", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6626997", "title": "How Drones can Complement Trucks for Last-mile Delivery under Aerial Congestion: A Continuum Approximation Study", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Yuhui Zhai", "Ruifeng She", "Yanfeng Ouyang" ], "first_author": "Yuhui Zhai", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Truck", "Leverage (statistics)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Complement (music)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6626997" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3177930954", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.4175959", "title": "Capacity-Constrained Urban Air Mobility Scheduling", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Qinshuang Wei", "Gustav Nilsson", "Samuel Coogan" ], "first_author": "Qinshuang Wei", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Scheduling (production processes)", "Computer science", "Economics", "Operations management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4175959" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4408293260", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5098756", "title": "Drone Delivery", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Disha Lohia" ], "first_author": "Disha Lohia", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Business", "Computer science", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5098756" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4404133120", "doi": "10.1109/naps61145.2024.10741629", "title": "A Mathematical Model for Scheduling Electrical Vertical Takeoff and Landing Vehicle Flights", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-10-13", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Eduardo Castillo Fatule", "Md Arifin Arif", "Fengyu Wang", "Liang Quan Sun" ], "first_author": "Eduardo Castillo Fatule", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "As the effects of climate change become more prominent, there are concerns about the environmental impacts of air travel, especially for shorter flights that many consider an unnecessary waste of resources. This includes many flights between cities in the same state where driving (or other public transit if available) would take the same or less time than going through an airport. To improve this situation, there has been a movement for diversification of travel options in the US, and new modes of transportation are being developed. As new modes of transportation arise, new models become necessary in order to be able to study and analyze how to best use these new technologies to improve mobility and integrate them with the electric grid. This model will work in tandem with other studies as part of NASA's Advanced Air Mobility Mission, which seeks to transport people and cargo at low altitudes. At this time, the project is still in its initial stages, with further studies needed to adequately estimate eVTOL parameters, travel demands, electrical power demands, and vertiport installation requirements. This paper proposes a mathematical model that can be deployed to simulate the behavior of the transit network once those parameters have been estimated and is part of an effort to further improve mobility and transportation in the future.", "keywords": [ "Takeoff", "Takeoff and landing", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Aerospace engineering", "Aeronautics", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering", "Simulation", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/naps61145.2024.10741629" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7127138749", "doi": "10.1109/ieem63636.2025.11357781", "title": "Whether to Implement and How to Improve Drone Delivery Services: A Strategic Two-Echelon Location-Allocation-Fleet-Sizing Perspective", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-07", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Yating Feng", "Zhiyu Xiang", "Kexin Cao", "Maohua Cai", "Xinglu Liu" ], "first_author": "Yating Feng", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This study evaluates the financial viability of drone-enabled delivery services through a strategic optimization framework addressing critical investment challenges. We define the studied problem as a two-echelon system incorporating three interdependent decisions: joint location optimization of automated kiosks and drone launchpads, two-step allocation (kiosk-launchpad and launchpad-demand area), and launchpad-specific drone fleet sizing. The problem is initially formulated as a profit-maximizing mixed-integer nonlinear program, which is then equivalently reformulated into a mixed-integer linear program to efficiently optimize the relevant decisions while ensuring computational traceability. Extensive numerical experiments based on Shenzhen data reveal that optimal deployment strategies yield stable profit margins of approximately 14–15%, providing quantitative validation of the economic potential of drone-based delivery systems. We also derive several valuable strategic insights based on the results. These insights reveal that in early-stage operations, enhancing infrastructure density is an effective strategy, while in more mature phases, stimulating demand becomes the key to further profitability growth. Additionally, profit volume is mainly driven by launchpad deployments (enabling service coverage), whereas profit margin is governed by the spatial efficiency (i.e., the deployments) of kiosk layouts (influencing delivery costs). Together, these findings offer practical and valuable guidance on whether and how to implement drone delivery systems, contributing to the ongoing development of the low-altitude logistics economy.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Software deployment", "Profitability index", "Interdependence", "Strategic planning", "Interactive kiosk", "Profit margin", "Profit (economics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem63636.2025.11357781" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7155003363", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6371738", "title": "eVTOL Air Taxis in London: A Passenger-Centric Policy and Systems Framework", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Avalon Jarvi", "Nathaniel Nadler" ], "first_author": "Avalon Jarvi", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Software deployment", "Taxis", "Aviation", "Public transport", "Metropolitan area", "Service (business)", "Corporate governance", "Air traffic control" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6371738" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7164170755", "doi": "10.4050/f-0082-2026-0334", "title": "Outwash Test Results for a Single Rotor in Hover (Presentation Only)", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-05", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Ethan Romander", "Alyna Anderson", "Gloria Yamauchi", "Nathanial Smith", "Michelle Dominguez", "Haley Cummings", "Alex Sheikman", "Avraham Gileadi", "Kristen Kallstrom", "Dorsa Shirazi", "Michael Radotich" ], "first_author": "Ethan Romander", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "In September 2025 a test was conducted at the NASA Ames Research Center's Outdoor Aerodynamics Research Facility to characterize the outwash flow from a hovering rotor. The studied configurations included variations in rotor height above the ground plane as well as variations in rotor speed, thrust, and trim state. Outwash flow was measured using a rake of hot-film anemometers mounted to a semi-autonomous instrumentation cart. Flow measurements were conducted for a single rotor azimuth at distances between 0.6 and 4.0 diameters from the rotor center. In addition to hot-film anemometry, additional flow data was captured using a Background Oriented Schlieren Velocimetry technique that provides a detailed measurement over time of flow velocity in an image plane upstream of the hot-film sensors. The downwash and outwash produced by a lifting rotor in the presence of a ground plane can pose significant risks to life and property in the area of operations. Rotor wake interactions exhibited by modern, multi-rotor aircraft designs can amplify these flows and increase the risk. The rotorcraft community is therefore motivated to better understand rotor downwash and outwash to establish safe operating limits in the vertiport environment.", "keywords": [ "Downwash", "Outwash plain", "Rotor (electric)", "Freestream", "Aerodynamics", "Flow (mathematics)", "Wake", "Strouhal number" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0334" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7203603958", "doi": "10.55041/ijcope.v2i8.143", "title": "Cloud Seeding: The Future of Weather Modification Technology", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-17", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Aamir Khan", "Ummey Kulsum" ], "first_author": "Aamir Khan", "venue": "International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Cloud seeding is an innovative approach in meteorological modification aimed at artificially augmenting precipitation to address water scarcity. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the scientific, technological, and policy dimensions of cloud seeding and its future outlook. We examine the history of cloud seeding from its inception in the mid-20th century to its contemporary application by numerous states to augment rainfall and mitigate hail. Literature indicates conflicting, albeit predominantly favorable, evidence that cloud seeding can augment precipitation under optimal conditions, often by 5-25 percent in targeted regions; however, outcomes vary significantly according on cloud type and seeding methodology. We examine the basic principles and methodologies of cloud seeding, including glaciogenic and hygroscopic techniques, and highlight current advancements such as enhanced atmospheric modeling, drone-based delivery systems, and novel seeding materials. This report examines the results of significant field experiments and operational initiatives globally, highlighting both good outcomes and ongoing challenges in effectiveness evaluation. The matter of governance and ethics is addressed, necessitating robust scientific evaluation, environmental safety monitoring, transparency among stakeholders, and international cooperation in weather modification efforts. We conclude that while cloud seeding is not a comprehensive solution for drought management, it serves as a valuable additional strategy for water resource management in a changing climate. Subsequent research and technological progress, together with judicious regulatory frameworks that address ethical considerations and environmental consequences, will be pivotal in realizing the complete potential of cloud seeding as a future weather manipulation technology.", "keywords": [ "Weather modification", "Cloud seeding", "Cloud computing", "Seeding", "Precipitation", "Transparency (behavior)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ijcope.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Cloud-Seeding-The-Future-of-Weather-Modification-Technology.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161995906", "doi": "10.4050/tm-2026-vlada-5209", "title": "Impact of Aircraft Parameters on AAM Downwash/Outwash Characteristics", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-27", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Jagdeep Batther", "Zoren Habana", "Jan Goericke", "Chengjian He" ], "first_author": "Jagdeep Batther", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) air vehicles with electric vertical takeoff and landing capability come in a wide variety of configurations and are often equipped with many lift and propulsion devices. Lift rotors of AAM configurations often have high disk loading which produce strong downwash and outwash (DWOW) at low speed and hover close to the ground. Recent outwash surveys of AAM aircraft have confirmed the presence of strong DWOW produced by various aircraft configurations [1]. The capability to predict the DWOW characteristics produced by these aircraft can aid in deriving requirements for vertiport design, ground operation, and landing/takeoff flight safety procedures. This paper investigates the sensitivity of selected aircraft design and operation parameters on the overall DWOW. This includes rotor horizontal and vertical separation distances, and near ground flight maneuvers. The focus in this paper is on the DWOW profile near the aircraft to help inform design and operational decisions. Moreover, transient approach/departure simulation for an AAM aircraft are conducted for an understanding of the complex flow field during unsteady flight maneuvers. The Viscous Vortex Particle Method (VVPM) is used to estimate the aircraft DWOW characteristics.", "keywords": [ "Takeoff and landing", "Downwash", "Runway", "Takeoff", "Lift (data mining)", "Propulsion", "Transient (computer programming)", "Airplane", "Aerodynamics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/tm-2026-vlada-5209" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4404649406", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2411.14403", "title": "Landing Trajectory Prediction for UAS Based on Generative Adversarial Network", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-11-21", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jun Xiang", "Drake Essick", "Luiz Gonzalez Bautista", "Junfei Xie", "Jun Chen" ], "first_author": "Jun Xiang", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Models for trajectory prediction are an essential component of many advanced air mobility studies. These models help aircraft detect conflict and plan avoidance maneuvers, which is especially important in Unmanned Aircraft systems (UAS) landing management due to the congested airspace near vertiports. In this paper, we propose a landing trajectory prediction model for UAS based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). The GAN is a prestigious neural network that has been developed for many years. In previous research, GAN has achieved many state-of-the-art results in many generation tasks. The GAN consists of one neural network generator and a neural network discriminator. Because of the learning capacity of the neural networks, the generator is capable to understand the features of the sample trajectory. The generator takes the previous trajectory as input and outputs some random status of a flight. According to the results of the experiences, the proposed model can output more accurate predictions than the baseline method(GMR) in various datasets. To evaluate the proposed model, we also create a real UAV landing dataset that includes more than 2600 trajectories of drone control manually by real pilots.", "keywords": [ "Adversarial system", "Trajectory", "Generative grammar", "Computer science", "Generative adversarial network", "Artificial intelligence", "Deep learning", "Physics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.14403" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413427558", "doi": "10.3390/aerospace12090756", "title": "Aerial Vehicle Detection Using Ground-Based LiDAR", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-22", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "John Kirschler", "Jay Paul Wilhelm" ], "first_author": "John Kirschler", "venue": "Aerospace", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "Ground-based LiDAR sensing offers a promising approach for delivering short-range landing feedback to aerial vehicles operating near vertiports and in GNSS-degraded environments. This work introduces a detection system capable of classifying aerial vehicles and estimating their 3D positions with sub-meter accuracy. Using a simulated Gazebo environment, multiple LiDAR sensors and five vehicle classes, ranging from hobbyist drones to air taxis, were modeled to evaluate detection performance. RGB-encoded point clouds were processed using a modified YOLOv6 neural network with Slicing-Aided Hyper Inference (SAHI) to preserve high-resolution object features. Classification accuracy and position error were analyzed using mean Average Precision (mAP) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) across varied sensor parameters, vehicle sizes, and distances. Within 40 m, the system consistently achieved over 95% classification accuracy and average position errors below 0.5 m. Results support the viability of high-density LiDAR as a complementary method for precision landing guidance in advanced air mobility applications.", "keywords": [ "Lidar", "Remote sensing", "Environmental science", "Computer science", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12090756" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4412572957", "doi": "10.1007/978-981-96-9856-1_7", "title": "VI-YOLO: A Vehicle Detection Method Based on Bimodal Fusion for Drones", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yang Liu", "Tengyu Fan", "Mo Qu", "Xinhui Zhou" ], "first_author": "Yang Liu", "venue": "Lecture notes in computer science", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Drone", "Fusion", "Computer vision", "Sensor fusion", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-9856-1_7" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4411952057", "doi": "10.4050/f-0081-2025-0132", "title": "Augusta Regional Airport Preparation for Transformative VTOL Air Vehicle Operations", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-20", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kaydon Stanzione", "Augusta Regional Airport, GA", "Diane Johnston" ], "first_author": "Kaydon Stanzione", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The emergence of electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) air vehicles is transforming how people and freight are moved in short distances. This transformation has a profound impact on surrounding infrastructure necessary to provide Aircraft On Ground support for eVTOLs. The hover capabilities of eVTOLs have similar operating characteristics within terminal and uncontrolled airspace. However, the need to conserve battery energy via rapid approaches and departures affects terminal airspace management. To attract eVTOL operators, existing airports, landing zones, and vertiports are modifying their infrastructure to include fixed electric charging stations, additional taxiways, upgraded fire suppression systems, separate hangers, and capable MRO facilities. Augusta Regional Airport (KAGS) is the base airport for the annual Masters Golf Tournament which experiences five times the normal airport traffic and some 40,000 commuting patrons. eVTOLs can offset land traffic issues associated with commuters and supplies. Since KAGS is centroid to 32,000 square miles of territory void of major highways, basing eVTOLs can offer expedited transit services for people and goods which will have a profound impact on the economic viability and quality of life in the area.", "keywords": [ "Transformative learning", "Aeronautics", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Sociology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0132" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4295953391", "doi": "10.4050/f-0078-2022-1210", "title": "SmartHangars and SAE International Aircraft Charging Standard", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-05-10", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Joshua Portlock", "Richard A. R. Watson" ], "first_author": "Joshua Portlock", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Electro.Aero has been supporting the emerging electric aviation industry for nearly a decade, including the development of chargers, electrical management systems, battery management systems and electric propulsion systems to numerous electric aircraft development projects. During that time, it was identified that the industry needed standardization, especially regarding the charging coupler, so the SAE AE-7D committee was founded by Joshua Portlock in 2018 to help standardize electric aircraft charging and energy management. The AS6968 standard for light conductive charging of electric aircraft was the first standard the committee worked on and is now approaching completion through this year. Furthermore, while the charging coupler standard was proving to be of high priority to the industry, there has also been a noticeable trend that typical airport hangars don't have sufficient electrical power to charge the growing power demands of future electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Therefore, SmartHangar technology was developed, whereby the limited grid connectivity is supplemented by solar and stationary battery energy storage systems to help deliver the peak power demands of electric aviation charging, whilst also helping airports and vertiports transition to more self-sufficient sustainable energy.", "keywords": [ "Standardization", "Battery (electricity)", "Aviation", "Automotive engineering", "Electric power system", "Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion", "Electrical engineering", "Propulsion", "Electric power", "Engineering", "Aerospace engineering", "Power (physics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-1210" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4237020512", "doi": "10.1001/jama.1942.02830190078013", "title": "ORGANIZATION SECTION", "year": 1942, "publication_date": "1942-05-09", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [], "first_author": null, "venue": "JAMA", "publisher": "American Medical Association", "abstract": "OFFICIAL NOTES ARMY EXHIBIT AT ATLANTIC CITY A feature of the annual session of the American Medical Association in Atlantic City, June 8-12, will be an exhibit of the work of the Medical Department of the Army. This will occupy spaces 1-2-9U, 1-10-11V and 1-2W in the Technical Exhibit. The illustrations shown herewith indicate a portion of the exhibit. The purpose of the exhibit presented by the Medical Department Equipment Laboratory, Carlisle Barracks, Pa., is to acquaint the medical profession at large with the various types of combat and field equipment employed in the Medical Department of the United States Army. The exhibit includes such equipment as the folding leg splint, steel litter, battalion medical equipment pack carrier, new type helmets and head gear, portable disinfectors, gas proof litter covers, aerial delivery units, battalion medical carts, cross country ambulance, wheeled litter carriers, flight service chest, gas casualty chest, ambulance", "keywords": [ "Medicine", "Otorhinolaryngology", "Family medicine", "Sign (mathematics)", "Psychiatry" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1942.02830190078013" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W218224096", "doi": null, "title": "IOT and E of an AWADS Radar Imagery Recorder", "year": 1975, "publication_date": "1975-05-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Calvin L Chasteen" ], "first_author": "Calvin L Chasteen", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract : MAC Project 74C-110U was conducted to evaluate the prototype adverse weather aerial delivery system radar imagery recorder installed in a C-130 aircraft. The primary purpose of the project was to determine the operational effectiveness and suitability of the prototype recorder system for use in navigator ground training, radar prediction, and reconnaissance/intelligence gathering. Specific objectives were to determine whether the system provides imagery of such quality that radar returns are readily identifiable, whether the system can be installed in the aircraft without hindering operations, and the operational suitability of the navigator-operated controls. Additional specific objectives were to determine whether the system can record all range marks, heading marks, and cursors; whether the system records sufficient information to identify aircraft location; and whether the system is capable of operating at altitudes up to and including 25,000 feet above mean sea level with the aircraft pressurized and unpressurized.", "keywords": [ "Radar", "Remote sensing", "Radar systems", "Heading (navigation)", "Adverse weather", "Computer science", "Aeronautics", "Real-time computing", "Environmental science", "Meteorology", "Engineering", "Telecommunications" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/b003562.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W280576027", "doi": null, "title": "Soft and Semisoft Landing Limits of M151 and M53 Military Vehicles", "year": 1984, "publication_date": "1984-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "William Nykvist" ], "first_author": "William Nykvist", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract : This study investigates soft and semisoft impact velocity limits of two frequently airdropped, uncushioned and semicushioned, military vehicles. A jeep and 2 1/2-ton truck were tied down to an airdrop platform, raised to various heights, and released. Semisoft impacts were those in which some various heights, and released. Semisoft impacts were those in which some paper honeycomb stacks were slipped between the vehicle frame and platform. Time variation of vehicle acceleration, suspension travel, and bump stop contact were recorded; data for nineteen jeep drops and seven 2 1/2-ton truck drops is presented here. The results of this study provide baseline data for design of a soft or semisoft-landing airdrop platform or airdrop system. Keywords include: Soft landing, Impact testing, Military vehicles, Airdrop operations, Aerial delivery, and Landing Impact.", "keywords": [ "Soft landing", "Truck", "Aeronautics", "Engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Marine engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA155766.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4416923351", "doi": "10.1109/dasc66011.2025.11257387", "title": "An Approach to Integrated Charging, Scheduling and Resource Allocation for UAM Fleet Operations", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-14", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Zefan Wu", "Xu Yan", "Hanlin Wu", "Kaiquan Cai", "Kam K.H. Ng" ], "first_author": "Zefan Wu", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The rapid growth of low-altitude urban air mobility (UAM) faces challenges in harmonizing the demands of hybrid missions, resource allocation, and airspace congestion, lacking the adaptability to address the spatiotemporal complexities of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) operations. This work thereby proposes a fleet scheduling method that considers the objectives of minimizing delay costs, flight costs, and charging costs, while considering factors such as charging infrastructure, take-off and landing pad time, residual capacity, battery state, and flow balancing. Additionally, a hybrid UAM mission scheduling approach is used, taking as inputs the resource occupancy of vertical take-off and landing pads by other airlines. In ondemand missions during run-time operations, a rolling horizon mechanism is applied to adapt the baseline schedule to dynamic conditions. Experimental validation based on a vertiport cluster with$\\mathbf{1 1 0}$missions discovered that selecting delay indicators and cost indicators can be explored for efficient scheduling options to reduce delays and costs by comparing different cases.", "keywords": [ "Adaptability", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Time horizon", "Schedule", "Residual", "Dynamic priority scheduling" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc66011.2025.11257387" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2734006328", "doi": "10.4050/f-0073-2017-12182", "title": "Flight Evaluation of a Flexible Fabric Stabilizer for Sling Loads", "year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-05-09", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Marc Tardiff", "Luigi Cicolani", "Daniel Nyren" ], "first_author": "Marc Tardiff", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Helicopter Sling Load is the most accurate form of aerial delivery in the military due to the ability to air land materiel in an exact location; however, some missions have a tendency for the payloads to become unstable due to both pilot-in-the-loop and aerodynamic effects. Past research demonstrated that allowing the container to rotate freely in yaw stabilizes pendulum motions. Other research utilized rigid fins affixed to the rear of the container. These methods work during tests; however, they become difficult to use in an operational environment. This paper discusses tests using a flexible fabric stabilizer that can be temporarily added to any payload. The flight tests were conducted Moffett Field, CA using the same payload as the previously mentioned research. Tests showed the flexible stabilizer provided an intermediate level of performance eliminating sling wind up and stabilizing pendulum motions out to the aircrafts’ power limit in exchange for very little operational overhead.", "keywords": [ "Stabilizer (aeronautics)", "Sling (weapon)", "Computer science", "Control theory (sociology)", "Aerospace engineering", "Structural engineering", "Engineering", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12182" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7162450363", "doi": "10.2514/6.2026-3820", "title": "Universal Static Line Modeling for Airdrop Applications.", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-26", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Jr. Usbaldo Fraire", "Kenneth J. Desabrais" ], "first_author": "Jr. Usbaldo Fraire", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The Universal Static Line (USL) is a versatile and essential textile used in various airborne operations. Predicting the loads transferred through the line is critical for assessing the performance of attached components during nominal and off-nominal parachute deployment sequences. The USL will be modeled using stress-strain test data and incorporated into simulations for towed jumper scenarios and uncommon deployment sequences, including those supporting the recovery of a towed jumper. A multi-fidelity approach will be employed to simulate these scenarios. Aerodynamic force and moment data generated from a high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) towed jumper simulation will be used as inputs to enhance a Multibody Dynamics (MBD) simulation for predicting Universal Static Line (USL) loads in a steady-state configuration. The demonstrated modeling techniques will be applied to understand how loads are transferred during mid-air deployment sequences and will support project development efforts aligned with Aerial Delivery Division (ADD) objectives.", "keywords": [ "Line (geometry)", "Production line", "Work (physics)", "Noise (video)", "Process (computing)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-3820" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W95911817", "doi": null, "title": "Six Heliport Case Studies.", "year": 1997, "publication_date": "1997-11-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Deborah J. Peisen" ], "first_author": "Deborah J. Peisen", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract : Over the years, one of the main concerns of the vertical flight industry has been heliport development. The record shows that most proposed heliports are never built, and that even a heliport that has been fully operational for years can be closed due to changing community priorities. This report evaluates the dynamics of heliport development and operation in order to achieve greater success rate in the future through the case study investigation of six heliports that have both succeeded and failed. The heliports studied are: Houston Central Business District Heliport, Houston Texas; E.34th Street Heliport, New York, New York; Garland HeliPlex, Garland, Texas; Annapolis Heliport, Annapolis, Maryland; Boston City Heliport, Boston, Massachusetts; and Cobo Hall Heliport, Detroit, Michigan. This study is a follow-on to two previous studies for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): Four Urban Heliport Case Studies, (reference 1) completed in 1988, and Heliport/Vertiport Implementation Process - Case Studies (reference 2) completed in 1996. The first study endeavored to understand what causes a heliport to succeed or fail. The second investigated why heliports succeed or fail in the implementation process at the local government level and recommended ways to improve the success rate.", "keywords": [ "Aviation", "Government (linguistics)", "Order (exchange)", "Process (computing)", "Public administration", "Operations management", "Political science", "Management", "Business", "Engineering", "Economics", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA340421" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7131353965", "doi": "10.1590/jatm.v18.1427", "title": "Improving Airport Safety and Operational Efficiency through an Integrated Comprehensive Foreign Object Debris Management System", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nagaraj Velusamy", "D. Jeyasimman", "Arun Negemiya Arulsamy", "Karthic Subramaniyan Ilavarasan", "R.K. Muthuraman" ], "first_author": "Nagaraj Velusamy", "venue": "Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management", "publisher": "Aerospace Technology and Science Department", "abstract": "ABSTRACT The airbase foreign object debris (FOD) management system is designed to deliver a comprehensive, technology-driven solution that improves airport maintenance, operational efficiency, and overall safety. Its primary objective is to address challenges posed by FOD in critical areas such as runways, taxiways, aprons, and other operational zones. The proposed system integrates advanced sensor technologies, data analytics, and automation to enable accurate detection, identification, and timely reporting of debris. Continuous real-time monitoring of the airfield environment allows early identification of potential hazards, significantly reducing risks and operational disruptions caused by FOD incidents. Automation within the system enhances response coordination by ensuring swift and appropriate corrective actions are taken once debris is detected, thereby minimizing safety threats and delays. In addition, the study employs a dual strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats framework, combined with a comparative regulatory analysis of guidelines issued by the Federal Aviation Administration, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and the National Civil Aviation Agency. This integrated approach supports informed decision-making for electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft integration and vertiport deployment within Urban Air Mobility ecosystems.", "keywords": [ "Software deployment", "Takeoff", "Automation", "Aviation safety", "Civil aviation", "Aviation", "Operational efficiency", "European union", "National Airspace System" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1590/jatm.v18.1427" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4409403025", "doi": "10.32588/ksds.26.1.2", "title": "Development of a Simulation Model for UAM Demand Forecasting Using System Dynamics", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-30", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Donguk Won", "Chansik Choe", "Jihun Choi", "Jiyeon Hong" ], "first_author": "Donguk Won", "venue": "Korean System Dynamics Review", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This study develops a demand forecasting model for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) by analyzing and structuring the causal relationships among various factors influencing UAM demand. To systematically categorize these factors, they were classified into external factors, supply factors, diffusion factors, and imitation factors. Based on an extensive literature review, 18 key variables were identified. A Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) was constructed to illustrate the interrelationships among these variables. The causal structure indicates that potential UAM demand is converted into actual UAM demand through the influence of diffusion and imitation factors, while UAM demand is constrained by vertiport capacity. Building on the causal relationships, a Stock Flow Diagram (SFD) was developed as the foundation of the UAM demand forecasting model. The model predicts that by 2050, the annual UAM demand in the Seoul Metropolitan Area will reach approximately 37.02 million passengers (101,432 passengers per day). The primary objective of this study is to establish a demand forecasting model that incorporates various factors affecting UAM demand and enables adaptation to future environmental changes. The proposed model offers policymakers a more robust and reliable basis for informed decision-making. Furthermore, the methodology and findings of this study hold significant applicability not only within South Korea but also in international contexts, providing a valuable framework for global UAM demand forecasting.", "keywords": [ "Demand forecasting", "System dynamics", "Computer science", "Dynamics (music)", "Industrial engineering", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Artificial intelligence", "Psychology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.32588/ksds.26.1.2" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7214282893", "doi": "10.1016/j.procs.2026.08.419", "title": "Modeling Robotaxi and eVTOL Integration in Dubai’s Public Transport Network Using a Multi-Layer Graph Framework", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sarra Cherbal", "Amjad Gawanmeh" ], "first_author": "Sarra Cherbal", "venue": "Procedia Computer Science", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": "Dubai aims to transform 25% of all transportation into autonomous modes by 2030, through the deployment of robotaxis and electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) air taxis. In this paper, we develop a multi-layer graph-based framework to evaluate how these modalities can complement the existing public transport. Using official Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) data and verified coordinates of 52 metro stations, 15 bus hubs, four vertiports, and four robotaxi zones, we construct a representative 49-node, 99-edge network and apply a Dijkstra-based analysis over three scenarios. Two distinct metrics are reported: the network-level average shortest path decreases by 4.9% (30.8 to 29.3 minutes), while OD-pair travel times for of-metro origins decrease by up to 25.4% (JBR to DXB Airport: 69.2 to 51.6 minutes). Routes already located on metro corridors show no improvement, which confirms that robotaxis and eVTOL air taxis provide value mainly for first-mile and last-mile connectivity, rather than competing with the existing metro service. Spatial coverage improves by 1.3 percentage points (23.6% to 24.9%). Business recommendations for ride-hailing integration and policy implications are also presented.", "keywords": [ "Public transport", "Taxis", "Software deployment", "Graph", "Complement (music)", "Flow network", "Shortest path problem", "Construct (python library)", "Passenger transport" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050926030553/pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2928033143", "doi": null, "title": "Architecture and Drones: Accomodating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles", "year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-02-11", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Loay Hatem Rajab Elmagri" ], "first_author": "Loay Hatem Rajab Elmagri", "venue": "VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)", "publisher": "Virginia Tech", "abstract": "Through out history, technological advancements have reshaped the built environment and its Architecture. The cities that we live in today were only made possible by the technologies of the first, second, and third industrial revolutions. Today, we are witnessing another technological revolution based on open source data and artificial intelligence. As there is an enormous amount of prosperous innovations that would directly impact Architecture design tools, building and finishing materials, and construction methods, there are also other innovations that would require spaces, buildings, and cities to be designed to accommodate them. Among the latter mentioned innovations is the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), also know as drones. Like the automobile, drone technology will influence not only the way we live but also our design thinking and the components of our built environment. Along with drone's ability to fly, UAV's digital infrastructure is much more flexible and most importantly, invisible. Autonomous Drones' intelligent abilities allow them to provide a wide range of services in various fields such as; freight and delivery, transportation, infrastructure and buildings maintenance, survey, surveillance, policing, fire fighting, agriculture, and even construction, all of which will effectively reduce the amount of ground vehicle traffic, especially in populated cities. Today, as these possibilities are available and constantly under development, it is important for Architecture and Urban Design disciplines to address the challenge and provide comprehensive solutions to accommodate such a technology and allow its possibilities to prosper even further. The intent of this thesis is to study UAV technology and design a mix-use complex that embraces and accommodates UAV services such as; delivery, transport, freight, and maintenance. The complex hosts a residential tower, a vertical garden tower, ground level commercial spaces, and an underground drone hub.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Aeronautics", "Architecture", "Engineering", "Geography", "Biology", "Archaeology", "Botany" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87584" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3029239395", "doi": null, "title": "California air transportation study: A transportation system for the California Corridor of the year 2010", "year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-08-30", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "nasa" ], "first_author": "nasa", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "To define and solve the problems of transportation in the California Corrider in the year 2010, the 1989 California Polytechnic State University Aeronautical Engineering Senior Design class determined future corridor transportation needs and developed a system to meet the requirements. A market study, which included interpreting travel demand and gauging the future of regional and national air travel in and out of the corridor, allowed the goals of the project to be accurately refined. Comprehensive trade-off studies of several proposed transporation systems were conducted to determine which components would form the final proposed system. Preliminary design and further analysis were performed for each resulting component. The proposed system consists of three vehicles and a special hub or mode mixer, the Corridor Access Port (CAP). The vehicles are: (1) an electric powered aircraft to serve secondary airports and the CAP; (2) a high speed magnetic levitation train running through the CAP and the high population density areas of the corridor; and (3) a vertical takeoff and landing tilt rotor aircraft to serve both intercity and intrametropolitan travelers from the CAP and city vertiports. The CAP is a combination and an extension of the hub, mode mixer, and Wayport concepts. The CAP is an integrated part of the system which meets the travel demands in the corridor, and interfaces with interstate and international travel.", "keywords": [ "Transport engineering", "Takeoff", "Engineering", "Aviation", "Takeoff and landing", "Population", "Aeronautics", "Automotive engineering", "Aerospace engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://repository.exst.jaxa.jp/dspace/handle/a-is/139501" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7123360718", "doi": "10.22541/au.176824988.88535705/v1", "title": "Reinventing Traffic: Sky-Lanes for Personal VTOLs in Urban India", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-12", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Mokshith Sharma T P" ], "first_author": "Mokshith Sharma T P", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Indian cities face a structural mobility crisis driven by extreme population density, constrained land availability, and road networks operating far beyond design capacity. While Urban Air Mobility (UAM) has emerged globally as a potential supplement to ground transport, most existing concepts rely on vertiport-centric, free-routing, or highly automated airspace models that are poorly aligned with India's infrastructural, regulatory, and socioeconomic realities. This paper proposes a rule-based, altitudelayered urban air-lane system-termed Sky-Lanes-designed specifically for personal electric Vertical TakeOff and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft in Indian cities. Unlike free-flight paradigms, Sky-Lanes introduce structured, directional, and geographically constrained aerial corridors that mirror the logic of road traffic systems while leveraging vertical separation. The core contribution lies in defining a simple, scalable, and DGCA-compatible airspace architecture that minimizes automation dependency, reduces collision risk, and enables incremental deployment using near-future VTOL capabilities. Through engineering logic and India-specific deployment scenarios, this work demonstrates that structured urban airspace-not unrestricted autonomy-is the key enabler for safe, affordable, and scalable personal VTOL operations in dense urban environments.", "keywords": [ "Face (sociological concept)", "Population", "Urban planning", "Urban design", "Government (linguistics)", "Urbanization" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.22541/au.176824988.88535705/v1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4403987310", "doi": "10.32657/10356/180356", "title": "Fault-tolerant strategies for multi-rotor parcel delivery", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jun Tan" ], "first_author": "Jun Tan", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Drones have revolutionized various industries, offering versatile applications from surveillance to agriculture and disaster response. Specifically in urban aerial delivery, their agility streamlines parcel transportation, reducing environmental impact. However, deploying drones in cities poses challenges regarding fault tolerance. Mechanical faults like actuator or sensor failures risk stability, while software issues can disrupt control and functionality. Dynamics faults alter flight capabilities and environmental factors like weather impact performance. To counter these, strategies involve mechanical solutions redistributing control inputs or facilitating emergency landings, software solutions ensuring stability despite faults, and introducing redundancy through backup components like actuators, sensors, and power systems, collectively fortifying drone reliability and safety in complex urban settings. With multi-rotors being vulnerable to a spectrum of faults, it presents a challenge to further strengthen them as pivotal assets in aerial delivery by enabling fault tolerance capabilities on top of their existing agility and adaptability. Therefore, the motivation of this thesis is to enhance drones' fault tolerance capabilities on 3 fronts. The first is to address environmental faults in the form of imagery noises that occur during aerial parcel delivery, specifically during landing operations. The second is to address hardware faults in the form of rotor failure during aerial parcel delivery, specifically when the drone is in flight. The last is to address dynamics faults in the form of change in dynamics such as the change in mass, size, and center of mass due to different parcel requirements. Following the motivation, the objective of this thesis is to devise and apply a range of methodologies to systematically tackle faults and failures within an aerial system. This overarching goal can be segmented into three specific sub-objectives. The first is to devise a software solution to address positional inaccuracy due to imagery noise produced by the external interaction during drone landing. The second is to devise a hardware solution to address in-flight rotor failure, a common mechanical fault in drones. And the last is to devise a hardware solution to address the changes in the center of mass, size, and, mass of a parcel, which is classified under dynamics faults. The first objective involves implementing a pixel-based path-planning algorithm to enhance an aerial system's resilience against image noise, allowing precision tasks like landing on moving platforms. This method integrates an extended Kalman filter and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control into the control architecture, proving more effective than existing approaches through experimental validations. The second objective addresses rotor failures on a hexacopter by introducing a geometric morphing mechanism that adjusts rotor arms to redefine thrust location, ensuring near-zero static hover post-failure. The system employs event-triggered sliding mode control and Multivariable Nonlinear Terminal Sliding Mode Control to maintain stability during single or adjacent rotor failures, validated experimentally. Finally, the third objective establishes a decentralized, modular aerial delivery system adaptable to various parcel sizes and masses. It utilizes a decentralized controller with a Graph Neural Network-based policy and a module placement planning workflow driven by neural network-trained measuring scales, showcasing effectiveness in flights with different parcel configurations in experimental tests. The proposed pixel-based path-planning algorithm enables the UAV to land on both static and moving platforms. For moving platforms, the UAV is capable of detecting and tracking the platform as it moves at a speed of 1.5 m/s, maintaining vertical separation, and successfully landing once the landing sequence is triggered. This method demonstrates higher tracking accuracy, achieving about a 75% reduction in RMS error compared to existing literature. Additionally, the morphing hexacopter, equipped with an MNTSMC strategy, can sustain flight even with two adjacent rotor failures - an event that would typically result in the crash of a conventional hexacopter. The event-triggered morphing sequence, powered by a trained feed-forward neural network, can adjust the arms via servos to reach 50% of the desired angle within 0.8 seconds. Further analysis reveals that a higher event-triggering gain leads to a faster morphing response. Moreover, in the decentralized modular aerial delivery system, a dynamic scale with neural network logic can accurately measure parcel parameters, including mass, size, and center of mass, and determine the optimal placement of the modules. Flight experiments show that a shift in the center of mass in a conventional multi-rotor layout significantly impacts the system's flight performance, particularly in terms of power efficiency when analyzing thrust variation. These experiments also demonstrate how modular systems can be reconfigured to recover power efficiency and maneuverability by adjusting rotor placements. Achieving fault tolerance in diverse aerial platforms poses a formidable challenge due to the absence of a universal solution for various scenarios. Nonetheless, prioritizing fault tolerance is crucial for enhancing drone safety and reliability, particularly in densely populated urban environments, and exploring diverse strategies in this regard expands the potential applications of drones across different domains.", "keywords": [ "Rotor (electric)", "Fault tolerance", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Distributed computing", "Reliability engineering", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/180356" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4402688593", "doi": "10.2514/6.2024-3785", "title": "Determining Predicted Trajectory Accuracy Requirements for Advanced Air Mobility Operations", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-07-27", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Brock J. Lascara", "Lesley A. Weitz" ], "first_author": "Brock J. Lascara", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has published its vision for an Information-Centric National Airspace System (NAS) (or Info-Centric NAS), which builds on the foundation provided by Trajectory-Based Operations. The “Info-Centric NAS” describes a future air traffic system that further improves the efficiency and predictability of NAS operations via information sharing between all elements in the system and integrates traditional NAS operations with new entrants such Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft with use cases including Urban Air Mobility (UAM). This paper describes an approach to derive predicted trajectory accuracy requirements for AAM operations to ensure feasible schedule times between origin and destination vertiports. The derivation approach assumes schedule times can be met within a desired tolerance to support operational objectives and can be met using speed changes alone. Path lengthening maneuvers were also studied due to AAM aircraft having limited ability to change their flight times using speed alone. Numerical results show how predicted trajectory accuracy requirements change with operational assumptions.", "keywords": [ "Trajectory", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-3785" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7117305082", "doi": "10.61782/fa.2025.0389", "title": "Exploring socio-spatial pattern of noise impact of advanced air mobility – A case study in West Yorkshire, England", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-25", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Like Jiang" ], "first_author": "Like Jiang", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Using West Yorkshire in England as the case study area, this study assesses the potential noise impact of advanced air mobility (AAM) at reginal scale, and explores how the impact is distributed across different socio-economic groups.Using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), possible vertiport locations were identified based on commute travel demand.Then, two types of flying routes were tested: one prioritises distance reduction and one prioritises noise mitigation, each tested with 3 distances of noise footprints.Statistics of people exposed to the potential AAM noise were made with and without considering exposure to existing road and rail noise.The results show that AAM noise is likely to affect a large proportion of the population in West Yorkshire, and most of the affected population are not currently exposed to road and/or rail noise above 55dB LAeq, 16h.AAM noise is also likely to make the social inequality in transport noise exposure in West Yorkshire even worse.Using noise-priority routes seems to reduce the inequality, but there is a risk that the more deprived communities who are already exposed to high transport noise will bear disproportionally more burden of the new noise introduced by AAM.", "keywords": [ "Noise (video)", "Air temperature", "Noise pollution", "Noise level" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://dael.euracoustics.org/confs/fa2025/data/articles/000389.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4408335528", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5174407", "title": "A Hybrid Uav-Public Transport Model for Efficient Last-Mile Logistics", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ting Jiang", "Riju Lavanya", "Daisik Nam" ], "first_author": "Ting Jiang", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Mile", "Last mile (transportation)", "Transport engineering", "Business", "Public transport", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5174407" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7110650297", "doi": null, "title": "Evaluating IAM through the lens of System of Systems: State of the Art and Highlight of IAM-OSA", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-18", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Naeem, Nabih", "Kalliatakis, Nikolaos", "Shiva Prakasha, Prajwal" ], "first_author": "Naeem, Nabih", "venue": "elib (German Aerospace Center)", "publisher": "Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)", "abstract": "Innovative Air Mobility refers to the safe, secure and sustainable mobility of passengers and cargo enabled by integrating new technologies (such as eVTOLs) into a multimodal transportation system. As such it involves numerous stakeholders with their own interest in the IAM System of Systems. IAM necessitates significant innovation and development to achieve the desired capabilities, relating to all aspects including aircraft, vertiport, airspace management and more. This work presents the System of Systems approach to evaluating IAM/AAM following a product push paradigm, where the objective is to identify how a given aircraft can be embedded into the existing transport system while ensuring profitability, sustainability and value addition. Furthermore, through the use of Value/Business Models representing the satisfaction of each major stakeholder, this work evaluates how stakeholder satisfaction varies with the SoS design space. The SoS evaluation of the IAM is carried out using an Agent-Based Simulation of IAM built using the SoSID Toolkit where the active stakeholders, their actions and interactions are modelled. Where possible, a parametric approach is adopted in the modelling to allow for broad design space exploration across all active stakeholders. The work carried out as part of the COLOSSUS Project, focuses on the integration of a fixed eVTOL concept into the existing Transport System.", "keywords": [ "Stakeholder", "Work (physics)", "Product (mathematics)", "System of systems", "Sustainability", "State (computer science)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://elib.dlr.de/219964/1/IAM_NabihNik_Poster.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7162096593", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2605.22726", "title": "Dynamic Lane Allocation in UAM Corridors for Efficient Multimodal Door-to-Door Mobility", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-21", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Jung Ho Park", "Jordan Kam", "Vishwanath Bulusu", "Alexandre M. Bayen", "Raja Sengupta" ], "first_author": "Jung Ho Park", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "This article presents dynamic directional lane allocation in urban air mobility (UAM) corridors as a discrete-time mixed-integer linear program (MILP). This formulation activates, deactivates, and reverses lane direction as bi-directional airspace demand evolves. We model demand from disaggregate ground travel data by decomposing each trip into a multi-modal sequence with first-, middle-, and last-mile legs and routing the UAM-served middle-mile segment through a vertiport-side dispatch model. We use the San Francisco Bay Area as a case study by placing a multi-region spanning corridor between Contra Costa county and Silicon Valley. We find that the dynamic policy cuts unused airspace capacity by 5x, increases mean lane utilization from 36-48% to 67% at the same service level relative to baselines, and reduces commuting-population mean travel time by up to 21.6%. These results show that dynamic configuration of airspace capacity alleviates a significant percentage of the under-utilization issue of lane-based UAM airspace design and UAM concept of operations. This dynamic allocation also provides a safe, structural way to increase throughput, making UAM a more viable complement to multimodal door-to-door mobility systems.", "keywords": [ "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Travel time", "Complement (music)", "Trajectory", "Service (business)", "Resource allocation", "Key (lock)", "Dynamic data" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.22726" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4417197275", "doi": "10.1177/03611981251394979", "title": "Multi-Objective Arrival Trajectory Optimization for Urban Air Mobility: Sustainable Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing Operations with Delayed Deceleration", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-10", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Haotian Yang", "Meilong Le" ], "first_author": "Haotian Yang", "venue": "Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board", "publisher": "SAGE Publishing", "abstract": "With the rapid expansion of urban air mobility (UAM), electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft increasingly face energy and noise challenges during low-altitude approaches, affecting vertiport terminal control area (VTCA) efficiency. Most existing studies focus on optimizing a single objective, such as energy consumption, but fail to simultaneously address the trade-offs among noise, delay, and efficiency. Moreover, the absence of a scalable, macroscopic resource allocation framework in the VTCA context limits current efforts to achieve coordinated and efficient UAM traffic management. This study proposes an arrival sequencing and scheduling framework formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem. By extending the efficient cruise phase via a delayed-deceleration approach, this study first deeply couples the physical mechanism of rotor interference with a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) multi-objective evolutionary strategy to achieve collaborative optimization of trajectory parameters and power distribution. A case study in the Mangrove Sanya VTCA, located in the Haitang Bay urban area, China, shows the proposed method, compared with traditional first-come-first-served sequencing, reduces the high-noise area by about 35%, peak noise by up to 8 dB, energy consumption by 16%, and average delays by 31%. Results indicate this approach effectively mitigates environmental impacts while enhancing operational efficiency, supporting sustainable air-traffic management for UAM.", "keywords": [ "Context (archaeology)", "Sorting", "Trajectory", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Energy consumption", "Genetic algorithm", "Cruise", "Noise pollution", "Efficient energy use" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981251394979" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2312392945", "doi": "10.2514/6.1989-906", "title": "Evolution of the manta-ray parachute", "year": 1989, "publication_date": "1989-04-18", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Michael J. Ravnitzky" ], "first_author": "Michael J. Ravnitzky", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "MANTA-RAY, a gliding Ringsail parachute characterized by a ram-air inflated leading edge, evolved as a result of Irvin performance improvements on the SR-71 reconnaissance aircraft landing decelerator pilot chute. Extensive ground and aerial testing demonstrated L/D values as high as 2.17 and continued into early 1966 with manned flights. Technical concerns addressed during the design and testing of MANTA-RAY included deployment and reefing, leading edge collapse, L/D modulation and turn control. Comparison of Phase I1 test results with contemporary ram-air parachute performance measurements suggests a continuum between the characteristics of inflated airfoil parachutes and those of ballistic parachutes tailored to incorporate glide capability. Proposed aerial delivery and spacecraft recovery concepts are identified. Information gained during MANTA-RAY development in the areas of reefing, construction methods, control techniques, fabric porosity distribution, and the judicious use of slots for lift augmentation may be applicable toward contemporary ram-air parachute optimization.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Aeronautics", "Computer security", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-906" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4382059362", "doi": "10.4050/f-0079-2023-18131", "title": "Simulation-Assisted, Weather-Aware Urban Air Mobility System Planning", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-05-16", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Michael E. Yablonski", "Alexander Klein" ], "first_author": "Michael E. Yablonski", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The emergence of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) as a novel mode of transportation presents new challenges to government and commercial stakeholders: new vehicle types are being introduced for which supporting infrastructure, such as new routes and vertiports, needs to be designed and put in place, often in the vicinity of airports; community concerns need to be addressed; and inclement weather is a potential disruptive factor. In this new UAM paradigm, simulation modeling is an indispensable tool for aviation planners in identifying optimal solutions to these challenges. AvMet and Kimley-Horn have developed an efficient process for UAM simulation study planning and execution, facilitating rapid turnaround through collaborative model development. This streamlined process, from UAM airspace design and flight schedule development to fast-time simulation modeling, to advanced 3D visualization, can greatly reduce the study completion time and allow for a variety of UAM scenario alternatives to be explored, evaluated from a cost-benefit perspective, and presented to stakeholders. A key component of this process is AvMet's state-of-the-art UAM Simulation Model (USM). In this paper, we provide UAM scenario setup examples and simulation results utilizing the USM, as well as describing the study planning and modeling process.", "keywords": [ "Process (computing)", "Computer science", "Visualization", "Aviation", "Schedule", "Systems engineering", "Component (thermodynamics)", "Variety (cybernetics)", "Key (lock)", "Simulation", "Engineering", "Aerospace engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/F-0079-2023-18131" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4389445417", "doi": "10.61653/joast.v63i2.2011.534", "title": "Estimation of Load on Control Lines of Ram Air Parachute Designed for Precise Delivery Using 9-Dof Model", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-08-08", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Balraj Gupta", "Vipin Kumar", "Ravi Krishna", "S. C. Upadhyaya", "A.K. Ghosh" ], "first_author": "Balraj Gupta", "venue": "Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Controlled Aerial Delivery System (CADS) consists of Ram Air Parachute (RAP) Airborne Guidance Unit (AGU) and useful payload. AGU pulls the control lines attached to the control surfaces of RAP and provides required maneuverability to the system. Estimation of load on control lines is essential for design and development of Airborne Guidance Unit (AGU). This paper presents the mathematical methods of the estimation of load on control lines the results of which are validated by experiments. The mathematical estimate of the load on control lines was carried out by developing a model similar to the aircraft control surface hinge moment estimation. The mathematical model was incorporated in 9DOF model to arrive at real time load estimation on control lines during inflation and subsequent steady flight condition. Experimental results are obtained during flight trials by using load cells on control lines and current sensor on power line of actuators. The mathematical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The load on control lines are within 6 to 8% of the suspended load.", "keywords": [ "Payload (computing)", "Line (geometry)", "Actuator", "Control system", "Moment (physics)", "Power (physics)", "Control theory (sociology)", "Simulation", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Control (management)", "Automotive engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.joast.org/index.php/joast/article/download/534/523" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2623151556", "doi": "10.4050/f-0071-2015-10227", "title": "Passive Stabilization and Stability Quantification of Helicopter Sling Load Payloads", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-05-05", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Daniel Nyren", "Marc Tardiff", "Kenneth J. Desabrais" ], "first_author": "Daniel Nyren", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Helicopter Sling Load, while the most accurate form of aerial delivery, can be the most costly and inefficient materiel delivery option due to payload instabilities. These instabilities cause a reduction in airspeed and, therefore, increase the risk of being exposed to enemy fire while in hostile areas, increase the time of delivery, reduce the effective mission range, and increase the mission cost. This paper describes the design, wind tunnel, and half-scale flight testing of several flexible (fabric) passive stability concepts, including rigging changes and materiel prototypes. The most successful device demonstrated was a fin attached between the aft two sling legs. This fin was simple to attach to the payload and could be compact enough to store in a pocket. A method of quantifying stability of tethered bluff bodies was also demonstrated as the integration of the Fast Fourier Transform in three primary load instability motions. This stability coefficient showed excellent correlation with qualitative data, and therefore could be used to rank effectiveness of stability devices.", "keywords": [ "Sling (weapon)", "Computer science", "Stability (learning theory)", "Aerospace engineering", "Environmental science", "Aeronautics", "Engineering", "Structural engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10227" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163898887", "doi": "10.1007/s13272-026-00975-x", "title": "A structured methodology for comparing advanced air mobility concept of operations using functional properties at different levels of abstraction", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-08", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Andrea Montaruli", "Manuel Lombardi", "Kristopher Hernandez Fandino", "Riccardo Patriarca" ], "first_author": "Andrea Montaruli", "venue": "CEAS Aeronautical Journal", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": "Abstract In emerging aeronautical domains, such as Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), Concept of Operations (ConOps) serves as a critical reference for systems design and development, often characterized by the lack of real-world data. The coexistence of multiple alternative ConOps for the same operational process creates the need for rigorous comparative framework capable of assessing preliminary performance and feasibility. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel methodology for systematically comparing ConOps based on the functional properties embedded within their descriptions. Leveraging the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) and the Functional Random Walker (FRW) simulation, the proposed approach enables the comparison of local and overall performance indicators, with the aim of identifying the most suitable ConOps to support early design decisions in complex aeronautical systems. The methodology accounts for variability in abstraction levels and data availability addresses seven comparison scenarios, and enables application even under limited or estimated data conditions, which is common feature of systems at early-design phases. A case study is then presented, comparing two ConOps for vertiport operation management within the domain of AAM. The analysis demonstrates the method’s capability to highlight clever insights into global and local ConOps performance. Finally, methodological strengths and limitations are discussed, recommending possible ideas for future developments.", "keywords": [ "Abstraction", "Process (computing)", "Domain (mathematical analysis)", "Feature (linguistics)", "Air traffic management", "Abstraction layer" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13272-026-00975-x.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4402685670", "doi": "10.2514/6.2024-4515", "title": "Design, Test and Simulation of the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) Gravity Airdrop System (GADS)", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-07-27", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Usbaldo Fraire" ], "first_author": "Usbaldo Fraire", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center (DEVCOM-SC) Aerial Delivery Division (ADD) is engineering the airdrop capabilities needed to expand C-17 aircraft capacity to deliver the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) to the Soldier to ensure war-winning future readiness. To deliver the JLTV, a new Gravity Airdrop System (GADS) was designed, and a series of ground and flight tests were completed to demonstrate the new capability. A rapid prototype was developed and applied to simulate GADS release sequences using the Airdrop Technology Multi-Operational Simulation (ATMOS) capability. The primary objectives for ATMOS were to evaluate payload collision risks during sequential airdrops, optimize payload spacing and identify unfavorable aircraft loading configurations. The focus of this paper is on the preflight predictions that were delivered to support this effort prior to test execution and how the Modeling and Simulation (M&S) portfolio is expanding to help simulate future airdrop systems and support deliver the Army of 2030.", "keywords": [ "Joint (building)", "Computer science", "Automotive engineering", "Test (biology)", "Aerospace engineering", "Simulation", "Engineering", "Geology", "Structural engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4515" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7167918691", "doi": "10.21741/9781644904251-271", "title": "Extended Reality Technologies for enhanced Public Acceptance of Urban Air Mobility: insights on the State of the Art", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Millene Gomes Araujo" ], "first_author": "Millene Gomes Araujo", "venue": "Materials research proceedings", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract. The aviation sector is currently moving towards the integration of Urban Air Mobility (UAM), a new, safer and more sustainable aerial domain. UAM uses electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) technology and Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to transport goods and people at very low altitudes. However, technological and social sustainability challenges still need to be addressed before it can be fully developed. One of the main challenges is public acceptance of UAM and how to assess levels of acceptance. Acceptance frameworks that have already been successfully exploited in the aviation field can be implemented in the UAM context to investigate such social acceptance of UAM services. Since these methodologies are largely based on subjective perceptions, Extended Reality (XR) technologies have the potential to increase public acceptance of UAM systems, as they offer an immersive visualization of the relevant aspects. In this context, this work presents insights from a literature review on the state of research into the application of XR technologies to public acceptance of UAM. Previous studies have identified future users of UAM as clients of services and infrastructures, air taxi passengers, and pedestrians. Some of the use cases conducted include the development of operational concepts and the design of vertiports and air taxi interiors, as well as visual and auditory perception. Understanding how different aspects of acceptance are addressed can help us to appreciate the potential of XR to enhance such applications.", "keywords": [ "Aviation", "SAFER", "Work (physics)", "Context (archaeology)", "Sustainability", "Drone", "Air traffic control", "State (computer science)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644904251-271" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161965665", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6801783", "title": "Drone Deployment for Blood Transport in India: A National Geospatial Simulation Study", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Sivaram Emani", "Amaya Najma Razmi", "Sargun Kaur Virk", "See PDF" ], "first_author": "Sivaram Emani", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Geospatial analysis", "Population", "Software deployment", "Rural area", "Malaria" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6801783" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4297659275", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2107.10382", "title": "Capacitated Vehicle Routing with Target Geometric Constraints", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-07-21", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Gao, Kai", "Jingjin Yu" ], "first_author": "Gao, Kai", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "We investigate the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) under a robotics context, where a vehicle with limited payload must complete delivery (or pickup) tasks to serve a set of geographically distributed customers with varying demands. In classical CVRP, a customer location is modeled as a point. In many robotics applications, however, it is more appropriate to model such \"customer locations\" as 2D regions. For example, in aerial delivery, a drone may drop a package anywhere in a customer's lot. This yields the problem of CVRG (Capacitated Vehicle Routing with Target Geometric Constraints). Computationally, CVRP is already strongly NP-hard; CVRG is therefore more challenging. Nevertheless, we develop fast algorithms for CVRG, capable of computing high quality solutions for hundreds of regions. Our algorithmic solution is guaranteed to be optimal when customer regions are convex. Numerical evaluations show that our proposed methods significantly outperform greedy best-first approaches. Comprehensive simulation studies confirm the effectiveness of our methods.", "keywords": [ "Vehicle routing problem", "Robotics", "Computer science", "Pickup", "Heuristic", "Context (archaeology)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Point (geometry)", "Mathematical optimization", "Payload (computing)", "Regular polygon", "Drone" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.10382" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4280637363", "doi": "10.2514/6.2022-2755", "title": "Low Density Non Standard Aircraft Payload Deployments", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-05-13", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Terence M. Rose", "Mehdi Ghoreyshi", "Adam Jirásek", "Gregory M. Noetscher", "Keith Bergeron" ], "first_author": "Terence M. Rose", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Modeling and Simulation (M&S) are powerful tools for exploring edge cases that can be considered too high risk for testing initially on aircraft. When deploying from the ramp, a bundle must be at least 28 psi on the smallest surface. Weight requirements have been time tested to show that the bundle, such as vehicles, water, or weight tubs, would not be blown into the tail or fuselage. Recently some non-standard payload developments from Aerial Delivery Division (ADD) at U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center (DEVCOM Soldier Center) have brought into question the requirements when there are open surfaces, low density payloads, and non-uniform mass distributions. High-fidelity, multi-physics simulation results will lead to a better understanding of new cases, what payload limits could be adjusted, and ramifications of pushing the limits too far. The ability to examine this test matrix is enabled by the HPCMP CREATE-AV Kestrel software suite.", "keywords": [ "Payload (computing)", "Fuselage", "Bundle", "Suite", "Computer science", "Aerospace engineering", "Software", "Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution", "Engineering", "Aeronautics", "Simulation", "Telecommunications" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2755" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415239215", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2508.14380", "title": "Fair-CoPlan: Negotiated Flight Planning with Fair Deconfliction for Urban Air Mobility", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-20", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nicole Fronda", "Phil Smith", "Bardh Hoxha", "Yash Vardhan Pant", "Houssam Abbas" ], "first_author": "Nicole Fronda", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is an emerging transportation paradigm in which Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) autonomously transport passengers and goods in cities. The UAS have different operators with different, sometimes competing goals, yet must share the airspace. We propose a negotiated, semi-distributed flight planner that optimizes UAS' flight lengths {\\em in a fair manner}. Current flight planners might result in some UAS being given disproportionately shorter flight paths at the expense of others. We introduce Fair-CoPlan, a planner in which operators and a Provider of Service to the UAM (PSU) together compute \\emph{fair} flight paths. Fair-CoPlan has three steps: First, the PSU constrains take-off and landing choices for flights based on capacity at and around vertiports. Then, operators plan independently under these constraints. Finally, the PSU resolves any conflicting paths, optimizing for path length fairness. By fairly spreading the cost of deconfliction Fair-CoPlan encourages wider participation in UAM, ensures safety of the airspace and the areas below it, and promotes greater operator flexibility. We demonstrate Fair-CoPlan through simulation experiments and find fairer outcomes than a non-fair planner with minor delays as a trade-off.", "keywords": [ "Planner", "Operator (biology)", "Flight plan", "Flight planning", "Plan (archaeology)", "Path (computing)", "Service (business)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.14380" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415232847", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5611967", "title": "An Integrated Charging, Scheduling and Allocation Approach for Urban Air Mobility Fleet Management", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Zefan Wu", "Yan Xu", "Hanlin Wu", "Kaiquan Cai" ], "first_author": "Zefan Wu", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Scheduling (production processes)", "Fleet management", "Air traffic control", "Job shop scheduling", "Aviation" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5611967" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171032737", "doi": "10.3397/nc_2026_0192", "title": "Characterization of Urban Air Mobility Noise Sources based on Concurrent Full-Scale Community Noise and Cabin Noise Measurements", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-20", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Juliet Page", "Shane V. Lympany", "Matthew Szoke", "Maicon Secchi", "Rafael Macedo", "Micah Downing", "Eric Greenwood" ], "first_author": "Juliet Page", "venue": "NOISE-CON proceedings", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Blue Ridge Research and Consulting (BRRC) and Archer Aviation conducted acoustic flight tests of a full-scale multi-rotor electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft in November 2024 in Salinas, California. The vehicle was the pre-production version of Archer's Midnight aircraft, and testing included concurrent community noise and cabin noise measurements across a range of flight conditions. BRRC deployed microphones on the ground in two different arrays to measure community noise enroute and near a vertiport while microphones onboard the aircraft concurrently measured cabin noise. Archer recorded synchronized aircraft trajectory and propeller state data. Tightly synchronized trajectory, community noise, and cabin noise measurements provide a unique dataset. In hover, when lift is generated by the propellers, the dominant noise sources are mostly tonal. In cruise, when lift is primarily generated by the wings, broadband noise is dominant. In transition, when both the propellers and wings generate lift, the aircraft produces both tonal and broadband noise. These characteristics are consistent between the ground and the cabin microphones. Empirical data analysis using the Vold-Kalman order tracking filter revealed individual tonal noise contributions from each of the 12 propellers and the remaining broadband noise sources.", "keywords": [ "Noise (video)", "Aircraft noise", "Noise measurement", "Takeoff", "Ambient noise level", "Lift (data mining)", "Broadband", "Noise floor" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2026_0192" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171488960", "doi": "10.1007/s40864-026-00282-y", "title": "Assessing Advanced Air Mobility as Infrastructure in Saxony", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Franziska Hasselmann" ], "first_author": "Franziska Hasselmann", "venue": "Urban Rail Transit", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": "Abstract This study assesses advanced air mobility (AAM) as an infrastructure option in Saxony, focusing on institutional divergences across spatial scales. AAM, consisting of autonomous, electrically powered aircraft such as eVTOLs, is examined through an infrastructural inversion that treats it as infrastructure rather than as emerging technology. This shift highlights not only physical components such as vertiports, energy supply, and communication systems, but also the need for assessment approaches beyond purely technological evaluations. AAM infrastructure may be provided under public, private, or hybrid arrangements. To capture this complexity, this study applies the author-developed infrastructure asset management taxonomy (IAMT), reflecting the professional practice of infrastructure asset managers trained to integrate multiple appraisal methods. Using IAMT, the analysis evaluates the potential economic, ecological, and social impacts of AAM. The results suggest that integration of AAM into Saxony’s public transport networks faces significant constraints under current institutional and policy conditions, since existing e-mobility strategies already cover the roles AAM might fulfil. By emphasising institutional divergences, the study contributes to understanding equity and distributional effects in infrastructure development and concludes that successful adoption requires context-specific planning sensitive to multi-scalar governance.", "keywords": [ "Transport infrastructure", "Equity (law)", "Asset management", "Spatial planning", "Asset (computer security)", "Transportation infrastructure", "Air transport", "Cover (algebra)", "Infrastructure planning" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40864-026-00282-y.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4405824655", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5072017", "title": "Urban Air Mobility Fleet Management Under Uncertainty: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Emin Burak Onat", "Albert Cao", "Raja Sengupta", "Mark M. Hansen" ], "first_author": "Emin Burak Onat", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Reinforcement learning", "Reinforcement", "Fleet management", "Computer science", "Environmental science", "Aeronautics", "Transport engineering", "Artificial intelligence", "Engineering", "Structural engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5072017" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4312557069", "doi": "10.1121/10.0015779", "title": "Experiential design tools for acousticsi—A retrospective and look ahead at the use of sound and visualizations for transportation noise", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-10-01", "type": "conference-abstract", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ryan Biziorek", "David Hiller", "Vincent Jurdic", "Ana Luisa Maldonado", "Henry Harris", "Cameron Heggie", "Paul Her", "Calum Sharp", "A. D. Thomas", "James Woodcock", "Devin Bean", "Joseph Digerness", "Jon Swan", "Bettine Gommer" ], "first_author": "Ryan Biziorek", "venue": "The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America", "publisher": "Acoustical Society of America", "abstract": "Originally conceived and developed to inform the design of some of the world’s best arts and culture venues, over the past 10+ years, Arup SoundLab has also been used to create sound demonstrations that simulate and gauge response to environmental sound. Sound demonstrations combine aural and visual simulations to enable clients, designers, major stakeholders and the general public to experience and better understand sound. They provide robust objective information to support decision making and help shape better outcomes for all. The SoundLab has been used to inform the design of vertiport infrastructure; to assess annoyance and possible health impacts of novel noise sources; to inform local and international policy on noise; and to provide information on the early prototyping of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) vehicles. These applications will be described in this presentation, including recent simulations for the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT) and a human response study for the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) to provide insight into people’s response to AAM noise impacts. As AAM applications broaden, auralisation and visualisation processes are being developed to facilitate understanding of planning, permitting and design processes. The immersive experience provides information that is valuable to the various parties involved.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Presentation (obstetrics)", "Agency (philosophy)", "Sound design", "Experiential learning", "Noise (video)", "Sound (geography)", "Noise pollution", "Annoyance", "Human–computer interaction", "Acoustics", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0015779" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165860248", "doi": "10.36394/jls.v23.i1.30", "title": "Exploring Air Taxi Regulations in the UAE: A Legal Framework Analysis", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-31", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Khawlah Salim", "Mohammed Farooqui" ], "first_author": "Khawlah Salim", "venue": "مجلة جامعة الشارقة للعلوم القانونية", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Air taxi including UAM, represents a revolutionary shift in urban transportation, integrating electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) technologies for passenger, cargo, and mail transit. This study focuses on the regulatory framework for air taxis operational requirements in the UAE, emphasizing the General Civil Aviation Authority's (GCAA) advancements in implementing policies such as CAR-UAM, CAR-AutoUAS, and CAR-HVD. These frameworks address key operational areas, including Certification of the Operators, Registration and Airworthiness, Pilot licensing Safety regulation, Air Navigation services regulations, and Vertiport Regulations In spite of these efforts, challenges remain, particularly in the pilot's licensing and the safety of such operations.The study highlights essential deficiencies in UAE regulations compared to global standards set by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The study also evaluates the sufficiency of existing frameworks to meet operational and safety challenges posed by air taxis, especially within low-altitude urban airspace.Using a qualitative methodology, the study reviews academic literature and regulatory frameworks to offer a comprehensive understanding of UAM's legal landscape. Recommendations are provided for refining the UAE's air taxi regulations to enhance safety, efficiency, aligning with international best practices and ensuring the successful incorporation of air taxis into urban environments.", "keywords": [ "Civil aviation", "Taxis", "Aviation", "Certification", "Agency (philosophy)", "Legislation", "European union", "Aviation engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://spu.sharjah.ac.ae/index.php/JLS/article/download/7534/2273" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163595363", "doi": null, "title": "Like Uber or Like Buses? Economic Feasibility Analysis of UAM for Airport Access", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-30", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Shangqing Cao", "Rishi Kumar Srinivasan", "Raja Sengupta", "Mark Hansen" ], "first_author": "Shangqing Cao", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "The airport access use case is a promising early-stage application for Urban Air Mobility (UAM). Understanding the operational paradigm of UAM at airports is crucial for making equitable and effective regulatory and management decisions. A central open question is whether UAM will be integrated into the airport transportation network as a conventional scheduled transit service, such as subways and rail, or as a Transportation Network Company (TNC) characterized by dynamic supply-demand matching. In this paper, we propose a two-stage framework for conducting an economic feasibility analysis of UAM networks. In the first stage, we introduce a joint-supply-demand variable pricing problem to evaluate the impact of dynamic pricing on UAM operations. This model uses a binary logit formulation to capture the trade-off between travel time advantages and fare levels. In the second stage, the determined demand is used as input for the Electric Urban Air Mobility Vehicle Routing Problem with Non-linear Charging Time (eUAMVRP-NL), which optimizes fleet scheduling and charging decisions to derive operating revenue and cost estimates. We apply this framework to a case study of the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) access market with an eight-spoke vertiport network. Our results indicate that UAM operations benefit significantly from TNC-like management; a variable pricing policy can increase operating profits by more than 100\\% compared to fixed-pricing schemes. Furthermore, we identify economies of stage length in longer UAM flights.", "keywords": [ "Revenue", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Variable (mathematics)", "Revenue management", "Flow network", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Operating cost", "Dynamic pricing", "Vehicle routing problem" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.00504" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7203764059", "doi": "10.1002/9781394359325.ch03", "title": "Airspace Management and Integration", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-23", "type": "other", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kevin A. Adkins PhD" ], "first_author": "Kevin A. Adkins PhD", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) requires an airspace system that departs from many of the assumptions underlying contemporary air traffic management. This chapter examines how AAM integrates into shared airspace environments characterized by high operational density, low-altitude flight, and increased reliance on automation. The discussion begins with the foundational structure of present-day airspace to establish the baseline for AAM integration. The analysis then defines the conditions required for scalable airspace integration. These conditions include predictable aircraft behavior, precise trajectory conformance, cooperative information exchange, and the transition from human-centered tactical control to automation-supported coordination. Automation is presented as a prerequisite for managing dense traffic environments, enabling distributed separation assurance, strategic flow management, and supervisory oversight in place of continuous controller intervention. The role of supervised autonomy is examined as an intermediate operational model that supports the transition from onboard piloting to remote supervision. Urban low-altitude airspace introduces additional constraints that shape system design, including obstacle density, sensor degradation, localized atmospheric variability, and reduced maneuvering volume. Structured routing, corridor design, and vertiport-linked airspace geometry are examined as mechanisms for organizing traffic within these constraints. Finally, the chapter examines the tightly coupled communication, navigation, and surveillance architecture required to support cooperative sensing, trajectory predictability, and distributed separation assurance. Collectively, these elements define the airspace framework required for safe, scalable, and predictable AAM operations.", "keywords": [ "Air traffic control", "Separation (statistics)", "Air traffic management", "Free flight", "Obstacle", "Automation", "Trajectory", "Air traffic controller", "Scalability" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394359325.ch03" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7164191147", "doi": "10.4050/f-0082-2026-0091", "title": "Effects of Partial Boundaries and Variable Wind Conditions on a Free-Flying Multirotor Platform", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-05", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Sage Herz", "Julia Taylor", "Lauren Clar", "Matthew H. McCrink" ], "first_author": "Sage Herz", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "The effects of hover operations near a partial boundary structure were assessed for a free-flying quadrotor platform under both wind-off and wind-on conditions. The partial boundary structure was selected to replicate a building facade or urban vertiport environment, providing a realistic operational context for these free-flight tests. Test points were chosen to investigate operations near the partial boundary wall and edge, and across a range of partial ground effect conditions to capture the progressive onset of ground effect characteristics. Regions of degraded vehicle performance, quantified primarily by rotor thrust coefficient (CT ) and power requirements, emerged near the partial boundary edge. These performance trends were attributed to localized changes in rotor inflow profile, characterized by near-field rotor pressure measurements. Partial ground effect was found to not resemble full ground effect until much of the vehicle had traversed over the partial boundary, with the vehicle airframe and fuselage serving as the primary factor driving the onset and development of ground effect characteristics. Under wind-on conditions, the interaction between the wind freestream and the partial boundary structure significantly shaped vehicle performance and handling qualities. The most adverse handling qualities coincided with regions of peak flow vorticity, highly unsteady flow, and large velocity gradients at the shear layer above the partial boundary.", "keywords": [ "Inflow", "Rotor (electric)", "Airframe", "Fuselage", "Context (archaeology)", "Aerodynamics", "Boundary layer", "Ground effect (cars)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0091" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7160734339", "doi": null, "title": "Yasmina Platt, FDOT AAM & Connected Technology Division", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-08", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Yasmina Platt" ], "first_author": "Yasmina Platt", "venue": "Scholarly Commons (Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)", "publisher": "Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University", "abstract": "Day2 - A3: Airspace & Air Traffic: Yasmina Platt Yasmina Platt has worked for airports, sponsors, consultants, advocates and aircraft Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in many capacities including aircraft sales, research, advocacy, policy, marketing, aviation infrastructure (airport/heliport/vertiport) planning, design, and management. Having led infrastructure efforts for one of the leading electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft OEMs and helping a variety of clients with vertical flight projects, Yasmina is at the forefront of the Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) sector. Additionally, as an actively licensed pilot and flight instructor (CFI and CFII), rated in single and multi-engine airplanes, seaplanes, and helicopters, Yasmina brings unique user insights. Yasmina is the National Aviation Planning & Advisory Lead for AtkinsRéalis. She leverages her extensive and broad aviation experience to aid airports and heliports by optimizing their existing assets and planning future assets to be efficient and future-proof. She is currently serving FDOT as Florida’s AAM Principle of Aircraft Safety and Integration Development. Yasmina is working on all AAM initiatives for FDOT, including the development of the SunTrax Air facility and the deployment of the eVTOL and AAM Integration Pilot Program (eIPP). She holds a B.S. in Professional Aeronautics from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) and a M.S. in Transportation Planning and Management from Texas Southern University (TSU).", "keywords": [ "Aviation", "Takeoff", "Original equipment manufacturer", "Aviation engineering", "Software deployment", "Cockpit", "General aviation", "Variety (cybernetics)", "Flight plan" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://commons.erau.edu/faam-symposium-gallery/23" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2732479846", "doi": "10.4050/vfs-f49-1029", "title": "Civil Tiltrotor: Flight Simulation Development of Instrument Procedures", "year": 1993, "publication_date": "1993-05-19", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Peter Douglas. Klein", "Paul R. Wilkinson", "Leon A. Zmroczek" ], "first_author": "Peter Douglas. Klein", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Bell Helicopter TEXTRON, Inc., Boeing Defense & Space Group, Helicopters Division, and NASA have conducted real-time, piloted simulation research demonstrating the ability of tiltrotor aircraft to execute steep instrument approaches to vertical landings. Approaches with glide slopes as steep as 25° have been successfully demonstrated in simulation. Guidance cues provided for the pilots included raw flightpath deviation data and flight director steering commands. The low speeds associated with the steepest approaches introduce unique problems that favor the use of flight director guidance or modified pilot control strategies. Steep approaches are expected to be a normal requirement for center-city vertiport operations, but existing instrument procedures and air traffic control procedures do not support the steep approach capabilities of vertical flight aircraft. The Federal Aviation Administration has recognized this and directed the development of the Vertical Flight IFR Terminal Area Procedures (VERTAPS) program plan. VERTAPS will develop instrument procedures and air traffic control procedures to take advantage of the unique capabilities of vertical flight aircraft while safely and efficiently integrating them into the national airspace system. A structured combination of simulation and flight test evaluations will be used to develop vertical flight instrument procedures, develop air traffic control procedures, and validate simulation as a tool for instrument procedure development.", "keywords": [ "Aeronautics", "Computer science", "Environmental science", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f49-1029" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2012017710", "doi": null, "title": "Pose and Wind Estimation for Autonomous Parafoils", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-12-09", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Charles W. Hewgley" ], "first_author": "Charles W. Hewgley", "venue": "Calhoun: The Naval Postgraduate School Institutional Archive (Naval Postgraduate School)", "publisher": "Naval Postgraduate School", "abstract": "This dissertation presents two contributions to the development of autonomous aerial delivery systems (ADSs), both of which advance the prospect of enabling an ADS to land on a moving platform, such as the deck of a ship at sea. The first contribution addresses the problem of estimating the target’s position and velocity. A novel, dual-rate estimation algorithm based on Unscented Kalman filtering allows the ADS to use visual measurements from a fixed monocular sensor to estimate the target’s motion even when the ADS’s swinging motion in flight causes the target to be out of view. The second contribution addresses the problem of planning a landing trajectory considering winds in the vertical air mass between the target’s height and the ADS’s altitude. A wind model that assumes a logarithmic relationship between horizontal wind velocity and height in the air mass enables the ADS’s guidance algorithm to plan a valid landing trajectory in the presence of these winds. This dissertation contains simulation results for the visual estimation algorithm that show that estimation errors are minimal after estimator convergence. Flight test results indicate that the wind modeling algorithm was useful for computing landing trajectories.", "keywords": [ "Trajectory", "Estimator", "Kalman filter", "Computer science", "Wind speed", "Convergence (economics)", "Simulation", "Control theory (sociology)", "Artificial intelligence", "Meteorology", "Geography", "Mathematics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstreams/bc820422-0b62-47a3-843a-c92a3831a617/download" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7165889864", "doi": "10.3390/urbansci10070353", "title": "Assessing the Effect of Hypothetical Urban Air Mobility Demand Redistribution on Signalized Intersection Performance: A Microsimulation Study of Threshold Effects", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alica Kalašová", "Miloš Poliak", "Peter Fabian", "Kristián Čulík" ], "first_author": "Alica Kalašová", "venue": "Urban Science", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "abstract": "This study examines the potential effect of hypothetical Urban Air Mobility (UAM) demand redistribution on congestion and signalized intersection performance in the urban environment of Topoľčany, Slovakia. Based on a calibrated microsimulation model, scenarios involving the redistribution of a portion of ground traffic demand away from the road network were analyzed at 30% and 50% during the morning peak period. The evaluation focused primarily on travel times and intersection load. The results indicate that a moderate reduction in ground traffic demand leads to a significant reduction in travel times and traffic intensity. The most substantial improvement was observed in the 30% redistribution scenario. In comparison, a further increase to 50% did not yield proportional benefits, suggesting a nonlinear threshold effect in the transport system’s performance. It should be emphasized that the UAM scenarios in this study do not represent a full operational simulation of Urban Air Mobility, including aerial corridors, vertiports, waiting times, intermodal transfers, or airspace capacity. Instead, they represent demand redistribution scenarios used to evaluate the response of the existing signalized road network to reduced ground traffic demand. The study identifies limitations arising from simplified model assumptions and the absence of broader environmental, operational, and social considerations. Nevertheless, the findings show that even a moderate reduction in road traffic demand, potentially associated with future multimodal mobility concepts, can contribute to improved traffic efficiency in congested urban networks.", "keywords": [ "Microsimulation", "Redistribution (election)", "Intersection (aeronautics)", "Traffic congestion", "Public transport", "Rush hour", "Air traffic control" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/10/7/353/pdf?version=1782394067" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415068593", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2506.11400", "title": "A Step-by-Step Guide to Creating a Robust Autonomous Drone Testing Pipeline", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-13", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yan Jiang", "Yao Deng", "Sebastian Schroder", "Linfeng Liang", "Gambhir, Suhaas", "Alice James", "Avishkar Seth", "James Pirrie", "Yihao Zhang", "Zheng Xi" ], "first_author": "Yan Jiang", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Autonomous drones are rapidly reshaping industries ranging from aerial delivery and infrastructure inspection to environmental monitoring and disaster response. Ensuring the safety, reliability, and efficiency of these systems is paramount as they transition from research prototypes to mission-critical platforms. This paper presents a step-by-step guide to establishing a robust autonomous drone testing pipeline, covering each critical stage: Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) Simulation Testing, Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Testing, Controlled Real-World Testing, and In-Field Testing. Using practical examples, including the marker-based autonomous landing system, we demonstrate how to systematically verify drone system behaviors, identify integration issues, and optimize performance. Furthermore, we highlight emerging trends shaping the future of drone testing, including the integration of Neurosymbolic and LLMs, creating co-simulation environments, and Digital Twin-enabled simulation-based testing techniques. By following this pipeline, developers and researchers can achieve comprehensive validation, minimize deployment risks, and prepare autonomous drones for safe and reliable real-world operations.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Software deployment", "Pipeline (software)", "System integration", "Key (lock)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.11400" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7133211304", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-8820048/v1", "title": "Pico-X: 24.9-nW State-Retention Light Weight MCU for Year-Scale Autonomous Operation in Flexible Landing-Pad Sensor Networks", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-02", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Yanfeng Jiang", "Yuyang Xiong", "Xinlong Mao" ], "first_author": "Yanfeng Jiang", "venue": "Research Square", "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Microcontroller", "Scalability", "Power (physics)", "Interface (matter)", "Battery (electricity)", "Chip", "Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution", "Power consumption", "Wireless sensor network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8820048/v1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4417128640", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2510.09283", "title": "Safety Analysis of eVTOL Operations based on STPA", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-10", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Mariat James Elizebeth", "Shufeng Chen", "Halima El Badaoui", "Siddartha Khastgir", "Jennings, Paul" ], "first_author": "Mariat James Elizebeth", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft are expected to be quieter and more cost-effective than helicopters, offering major economic and social benefits through improved connectivity. Their adoption will require new ground infrastructure and airspace redesign, introducing risks involving multiple stakeholders (Regulators, eVTOL operators, Air navigation service providers, Vertiport operators, OEMs, Pilots, etc.). To assess these risks for the UK airspace, systems-thinking based System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) was conducted. To manage the large number of Unsafe Control Actions (UCAs) and requirements generated due to the complexity of the analysis, a novel extension to STPA for the prioritization of results was applied. 317 UCAs were identified in total out of which 110 high-priority UCAs were analyzed (Step-4), resulting in 377 causal factors and 432 requirements. These were prioritized to produce a targeted list of 124 distinct high-priority requirements, 56 of which were identified as gaps in existing aviation regulations, policies, or procedures.. These highlight opportunities for regulatory updates in areas such as organizational performance, certification processes, training, collision avoidance, energy management, and automation. The findings provide regulators with safety considerations that could shape new or updated regulations, compliance methods, and guidance materials for the safe deployment of eVTOLs.", "keywords": [ "Software deployment", "Certification", "Aviation", "Process (computing)", "Service (business)", "Control (management)", "Air traffic control", "Aviation safety" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.09283" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2908556860", "doi": "10.5070/v424110629", "title": "Cost Effectiveness and Efficacy of Ground-Control Techniques for Pest-Control in New Zealand", "year": 2010, "publication_date": "2010-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "James , G. Ross", "T. Eason Charles", "C. Ogilvie Shaun" ], "first_author": "James , G. Ross", "venue": "Proceedings - Vertebrate Pest Conference", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The brushtail possum, introduced to New Zealand in 1858, is a significant conservation pest and a major vector of bovine tuberculosis. Previous control-simulation studies have suggested that aerial delivery of bait containing sodium fluoroacetate (1080) is the most cost effective (large scale) possum control strategy. Over the past decade, considerable improvements in groundcontrol techniques have been developed by private contractors and bait manufacturers. These techniques are not reliant on 1080, and there have been major cost reductions as the new baits and delivery mechanisms have been optimized. In addition to this, our research team (in collaboration with Connovation Research Ltd.) have recently developed a new bait station design that has the potential to be left out in the field for up to 5 years without the need for servicing. These devices are self setting and have the ability to deliver gel or liquid spray, and ‘target-specific’ toxicants. Preliminary cost analysis suggests that this new bait station design has the potential to save NZ$21 million per annum from the amount currently spent on possum ground control.", "keywords": [ "Brushtail possum", "Pest control", "Bovine tuberculosis", "Integrated pest management", "Control (management)", "Environmental science", "Engineering", "Biology", "Computer science", "Ecology", "Medicine", "Tuberculosis" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1z60925n/qt1z60925n.pdf?t=pj62qg" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7155004263", "doi": "10.2514/1.d0559", "title": "Integrating Aircraft Performance in Traffic Flow Management Analysis for Advanced Air Mobility", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-20", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Victoria Gonzalez", "Ian Levitt", "Jacqueline L. Huynh" ], "first_author": "Victoria Gonzalez", "venue": "Journal of Air Transportation", "publisher": "American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics", "abstract": "Integrating advanced air mobility (AAM) into existing airspace will require substantial research and development regarding how diverse vehicles can operate cooperatively and safely in congested environments. Effective integration of AAM will hinge on the ability to develop robust, alternative traffic flow management techniques tailored specifically to the unique demands of AAM. This research introduces an air traffic management simulation framework for AAM operations, implemented in the open-source platform BlueSky. The framework characterizes airspace through demand models and vertiport networks and integrates high-fidelity vehicle performance and source noise models, enabling a deeper evaluation of flow management methods and the connection between noise and aircraft operations for mixed fleets of unique AAM vehicles. Performance is assessed through metrics of efficiency, safety, energy usage, and community noise exposure. The framework is exercised for an example AAM airspace design in the Dallas–Fort Worth region, incorporating a departure scheduling algorithm and a conflict resolution method based on the speeds of aircraft in conflict. Results demonstrate that the speed-based algorithm resolves over 90% of arrival conflicts across all demands, though it increases energy use, particularly for faster aircraft. Results also show a reduction in community noise exposure with the application of the speed-based method for mixed aircraft fleets.", "keywords": [ "Air traffic control", "Noise (video)", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Air traffic management", "Noise control", "Energy (signal processing)", "Energy management" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0559" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163712251", "doi": "10.25236/ijfet.2026.080110", "title": "Fixed Winged VTOL Tailsitter Drone for Snake Antivenin Delivery", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "

Zihan Jin

" ], "first_author": "

Zihan Jin

", "venue": "International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering Technology", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This research paper involves the design and testing of a crewless aerial vehicle (UAV) specifically designed to rapidly deliver snake antivenin (AV) to remote areas with especially poor infrastructure. Delays in the delivery of AV to treat snakebite envenomation (SBE) due to poor road infrastructure and a lack of local medical centers often result in avoidable permanent disability or death, which creates a problem that must be fixed. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a fixed-wing Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) tailsitter UAV could maintain the cold-chain integrity of snake AV while achieving a flight range of over 60 kilometers under one hour. To do this, we designed a brand-new airframe with a cool-preserving payload holder and a GPS guided autonomous navigation system. We conducted multiple test flights while ensuring payload temperature, battery consumption, and positional accuracy. The prototype maintained a consistent internal temperature below 8ºC for over one hour in an ambient temperature of 30°C. The drone can also autonomously take off and land vertically, and automatically transition from VTOL to cruising mode with 90% accuracy. However, long-distance testing data is still lacking, and more testing is required to determine whether drones of this specification can meet their flight performance targets. We conclude that drone-based delivery of snake AV is feasible over at least 60 kilometers in all terrain. These findings suggest that investing in temperature-stable UAVs could significantly reduce snakebite mortality rates in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Future work will focus on long-distance and full-mission testing and on developing a system that allows medical staff or emergency services responders to easily provide a location for the snake AV to the drone operators.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Payload (computing)", "Airframe", "Global Positioning System", "Takeoff and landing", "Fixed wing", "Envenomation" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://francis-press.com/uploads/papers/zKmxUofy9h3nz02NtgiY3NHtOUqbWmApmyUlw82W.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W293168251", "doi": null, "title": "Combined 1991 and 1992 Robinson - 22B (R-22) Parking Test Results", "year": 1993, "publication_date": "1993-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Rosanne M. Weiss" ], "first_author": "Rosanne M. Weiss", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Tests were conducted in the fall of 1991 and 1992 at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center to examine issues regarding rotor tip clearances for parking areas at heliports. These tests were initiated as a follow-on to previous parking tests documented in DOT/FAA/CT-TN88/30, 'Heliport Surface Maneuvering Test Results,' and DOT/FAA/CT-TN/92/1, 'Helicopter Nighttime Parking Test Results-UH-l.' Since those tests utilized a medium-size helicopter with a rotor diameter of 48 feet, similar tests were requested using a smaller helicopter with a rotor diameter of less than 30 feet. This report documents the results of these follow-on parking tests which used a Robinson-22B (R-22) helicopter. Over 480 maneuvers were conducted at the FAA Technical Center's National Concepts Development and Demonstration Heliport/Vertiport, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ. All were conducted under head, tail, and crosswind conditions, both with and without an obstacle on the helipad. Pilot subjective data, in reference to these maneuvers, were collected via post- maneuver and post-flight questions. Data collection and analysis methodology and objective, as well as subjective issues, are discussed. Statistical and graphical analysis of pilot performance and perception data are provided. Conclusions are drawn about considerations that must be given to parking clearance criteria at heliports. Heliport, Heliport parking, Rotor tip clearance.", "keywords": [ "Aeronautics", "Crosswind", "Engineering", "Flight test", "Aviation", "Test (biology)", "Transport engineering", "Rotor (electric)", "Helicopter rotor", "Obstacle", "Simulation", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA273550" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4379874863", "doi": "10.2514/6.2023-4050", "title": "Feasibility Analysis of a Flying Car with In-Wheel Electric Ducted Fans", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-06-08", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Markus M. Sailer", "David E. Lampl", "Sophie Franziska Armanini" ], "first_author": "Markus M. Sailer", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4050.vid A majority of known vehicle concepts with driving and flying capabilities are a compromise solution, resulting in drawbacks in both operating modes. An approach based on implementing ducted fans concentrically inside the wheels promises synergies thanks to high functional integration. This article presents and discusses conceptual solutions, design considerations and challenges. Electric propulsion in combination with thorough transmission design allows for high-performance lateral and longitudinal driving dynamics. The same motors can be used for flight. The rims have a double function as duct for the integrated fan, which allows for higher lift generation with a smaller fan diameter. The in-wheel electric ducted fan unit is tilted for flight mode. This enables Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL), allows for vertiport usage, and offers time-saving potential in case of traffic congestion. The presented mission reflects this use case. The feasibility of two different electric designs is assessed with a design approach involving Monte Carlo Simulations. A feasibility assessment framework based on momentum theory shows that even best-case setups imply infeasible requirements for battery technology. Thus, a turbo-electric approach is sized with an empty weight model respecting car properties and performance characteristics of modern helicopter engines. The obtained design is further analyzed with regard to noise emissions and time savings potential. A parameter study adds confidence in the feasibility statement.", "keywords": [ "Automotive engineering", "Aeronautics", "Aerospace engineering", "Computer science", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4050" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7168339238", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2607.12198", "title": "Designing Hierarchical Hub-and-Spoke Drone-Based Networks for Delivering Time-Sensitive Healthcare Items", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-13", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Sayed Hamid Hosseini Dolatabadi", "Tanveer Hossain Bhuiyan", "Bo Zeng", "J. Tyler Kennedy", "Brian O Neill" ], "first_author": "Sayed Hamid Hosseini Dolatabadi", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Timely distribution of medical items (e.g., whole blood and vaccines) across regional healthcare networks often requires high-volume delivery operations from central facilities (e.g., blood banks) to intermediate regional hospitals, followed by rapid last-mile deliveries to points of injury. Traditional ground-based delivery systems often suffer from limited responsiveness (e.g., traffic congestion) and operational inefficiencies (e.g., blood waste). Leveraging aerial-drone-based delivery systems offers a promising solution for the fast and efficient delivery of time-sensitive medical items across regional healthcare networks. Therefore, we study a hierarchical hub-and-spoke drone-based network for delivering time-sensitive medical items with distinct release and due times to fixed and mobile delivery destinations. We consider a heterogeneous fleet of drones with distinct characteristics (e.g., cost, battery capacity, and speed) and different multi-trip delivery modes. We propose an efficient mixed-integer programming model for location/allocation of mobile delivery destinations, as well as routing and scheduling drones to minimize the total investment and operational costs of the drone delivery network while maintaining the delivery due times. We develop a customized exact solution method integrating problem-specific reformulations and dynamic cutting planes, as well as a fast heuristic algorithm by leveraging a simplified problem variant. Results based on a real-life case study of whole blood delivery data from Pendleton, Oregon, United States, and actual drone flight test data demonstrate that our exact and heuristic solution methods are 31 and 3,375 times faster, respectively, than the Gurobi solver. Results also show that allowing drones to perform multiple trips is 142.8% more cost-efficient than single trips.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "TRIPS architecture", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Heuristic", "Healthcare delivery", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Health care" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.12198" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7213954318", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.21093", "title": "A Mean-Field Approach for Safe Routing of Multi-Destination Urban Air Mobility Networks", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-17", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Nameer Fawwaz Ahmed", "Cody Harrison Fleming", "Yasser Shoukry" ], "first_author": "Nameer Fawwaz Ahmed", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "As Urban Air Mobility (UAM) systems scale toward high-density operations, managing autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) traffic requires control frameworks that are both tractable and safety-critical. This paper presents a principled optimal control-theoretic foundation for routing in multi-destination UAM networks subject to vertiport capacity and flow constraints. We first model the network as a destination-conditioned Continuous-Time Markov Chain (CTMC) to capture the stochastic transitions between queueing, service, and flight states. To ensure tractability, we employ a mean-field fluid approximation and derive the underlying system dynamics as a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. A key contribution of this work is the formal proof of the positive invariance of the queue-free state space. We demonstrate that under specific underloaded conditions, a system initialized without queues will remain queue-free indefinitely. This result allows us to transform a complex, infinite-dimensional continuous-time optimal control problem into a tractable, finite-dimensional algebraic optimization. The resulting framework jointly optimizes for travel time and multi-hop efficiency while ensuring network-wide stability. We validate the approach by characterizing the steady-state flow equilibria and providing sufficient conditions for safe, congestion-free operation in large-scale mobility systems.", "keywords": [ "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Markov chain", "Set (abstract data type)", "Markov process", "Class (philosophy)", "Flow network", "Key (lock)", "Queue", "State (computer science)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.21093" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7151267735", "doi": "10.13016/m2jtxu-bgqs", "title": "Demand Modeling for Advanced Air Mobility: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-16", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Kamal Acharya", "Waleed Raza", "Katherine N. Vasiloff", "Zhenbo Wang", "Liang Sun", "Houbing Song" ], "first_author": "Kamal Acharya", "venue": "Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)", "publisher": "University of Maryland, College Park", "abstract": "Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) has attracted increasing research and industry attention as a potential extension of passenger and cargo transportation systems, supported by developments in electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, autonomy, and integrated traffic management. Unlike conventional transportation systems, AAM presents unique challenges to demand modeling due to untested routes, new vehicle classes, and evolving user behavior. This paper conducts a comprehensive survey of demand modeling approaches relevant to AAM, encompassing econometric models, discrete choice frameworks, simulation-based approaches, machine learning techniques, and hybrid methods. Our evaluation focuses on four core modeling stages: trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice, and assignment. We further analyze the key factors influencing demand and assess their implications for model design and forecasting accuracy. Research gaps are identified in areas such as airspace routing, vertiport placement, capacity constraints, weather resilience, and community acceptance. To address these, we highlight the need for infrastructure-aware, behaviorally grounded, and real-time adaptive demand models. We outline future research opportunities including fine-grained temporal and spatial resolution, multimodal integration, induced demand representation, and equity considerations. By categorizing current methods and synthesizing emerging directions, this survey establishes a critical research agenda to guide policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in advancing robust and socially responsible AAM demand forecasting.", "keywords": [ "Demand forecasting", "Key (lock)", "Demand management", "Discrete choice", "Equity (law)", "Supply and demand", "Mode (computer interface)", "Air traffic control", "Demand patterns" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.13016/m2jtxu-bgqs" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128355534", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18531672", "title": "Cost-effectiveness of Drone versus Road Transport for Blood Delivery in Rural Rwandan Obstetric Emergencies: A Short Report", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-12-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alice Mukamana", "Jean de Dieu Uwimana", "Jean-Paul Niyonzima" ], "first_author": "Alice Mukamana", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "Postpartum haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality in rural Rwanda. Timely access to blood products is frequently delayed by difficult terrain and inadequate road infrastructure, contributing to preventable deaths. This short report conducted a comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) versus conventional road transport for emergency blood delivery to rural health centres in Rwanda's Eastern Region. A decision-analytic model was developed using operational data from a drone delivery service and comparator road transport data. The analysis incorporated direct costs of transport, storage, and personnel, alongside health outcome data related to blood delivery times for obstetric haemorrhage. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per life-year saved. Drone delivery was more cost-effective than road transport for distances over 25 kilometres. The model estimated that drone delivery reduced the mean time to blood receipt by 58%. The ICER for drone delivery fell below a commonly referenced cost-effectiveness threshold for Rwanda. Drone-based delivery of blood products for obstetric emergencies in rural Rwanda is a cost-effective strategy compared to road transport, particularly for longer distances. It can reduce transport-related delays in emergency care. Policy makers should consider integrating drone delivery networks into national blood supply chains for remote areas. Further operational research is needed to optimise integration with existing emergency response systems and assess scalability. drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, cost-effectiveness, maternal health, postpartum haemorrhage, blood delivery, Rwanda, emergency obstetric care This analysis provides evidence for health policy and planning, demonstrating the economic and operational viability of drone technology in strengthening emergency blood supply systems.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Receipt", "Rural area", "Telemedicine", "Health care", "Pregnancy", "Service delivery framework" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18531672" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4379876465", "doi": "10.2514/6.2023-4500", "title": "UAM Demand Capacity Modeling through Ensemble Learning", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-06-08", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sricharan K. Ayyalasomayajula", "Steven Lavenstein", "Kleoniki Vlachou", "David Miller", "Stephen Kozak" ], "first_author": "Sricharan K. Ayyalasomayajula", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4500.vid This paper presents “UAM Demand Capacity Modeling through Ensemble Learning” (UDC-ModEL) as a decision-support tool to address the constraints and requirements of both Urban Air Mobility (UAM) operators and Providers of Services for UAM (PSUs). The motivation for UDC-ModEL arose from the fact that the expected electric vertical takeoff/landing aircraft (eVTOL) to enable UAM, while offering many advantages over conventional gasoline fueled aircraft, suffer from critical limitations: long charging times, small battery reserves to implement hold patterns and other congestion mitigation procedures, and so on. Consequently, UAM operators require accurate understanding of available airspace capacity to schedule their operations and manage their fleet’s energy resources. That is, there is a need for accurate estimation of available capacity and how the prevalent demand can be balanced, known as demand capacity balancing (DCB). UDC-ModEL was developed to accurately and rapidly model DCB at UAM vertiports by leveraging the latest advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence and is agnostic to the UAM market’s location or the eVTOL fleet mix used by a UAM operator. We applied UDC-ModEL to New York City (NYC) as a test case, whose results will also be described in this paper.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Battery capacity", "Takeoff", "Schedule", "Capacity planning", "Battery (electricity)", "Operations research", "Simulation", "Automotive engineering", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4500" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3120978342", "doi": "10.2514/1.d0186", "title": "Integration of Network Scheduling Using Accrued Delay Across Vehicle Connectivity", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Husni Idris", "Christopher Chin", "Antony D. Evans" ], "first_author": "Husni Idris", "venue": "Journal of Air Transportation", "publisher": "American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics", "abstract": "Current air traffic management processes lack integration among elements of the airspace system such as airport and airspace resources, often due to disconnected and inconsistent use of information, models, and metrics. This integration is hindered further by the separation between the traffic management problem, which has focused on a gate-to-gate flight model, and the management of connecting vehicles, crews, and passengers between flights. To help induce such integration, an accrued delay metric is used to continuously measure the delay that a flight has accumulated during the flight and inherited from previous flights through the turnaround at airports. The authors presented previously an application of this metric to mitigate the delay propagation between management initiatives during a flight. In this paper, the authors extend this metric to mitigate delay propagation through vehicle turnaround. It is first shown through a historical data analysis that this delay propagation is a significant source of delay for airline operators and that schedule padding hides some of it. Then, accrued delay along a vehicle trip is shown to mitigate some of this propagation across the network. Through an abstract, closed, three-node network example, using accrued delay is shown to help implicitly coordinate the distributed scheduling among the nodes. These nodes may represent a set of airports or a set of vertiports in an urban air mobility environment. It is shown that prioritizing flights that have accrued high delay at previous nodes significantly reduces the variance of flight delay.", "keywords": [ "Scheduling (production processes)", "Computer science", "Network delay", "Propagation delay", "Metric (unit)", "National Airspace System", "Schedule", "Air traffic control", "Set (abstract data type)", "Real-time computing", "Computer network", "Engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0186" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4282557986", "doi": "10.2514/6.2022-2835", "title": "Auralization of eVTOL vehicles through empirical assumptions or simple analytical model", "year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-06-13", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ana Luisa Maldonado", "Vincent Jurdic", "David Hiller", "Henry Harris" ], "first_author": "Ana Luisa Maldonado", "venue": "28th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics 2022 Conference", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Aircraft noise auralisations are an important emerging technology that enables stakeholders and communities to hear and understand the noise signatures of aircraft and to understand their impact on populated areas. The incorporation of simulated aircraft (and different operations and environments) in the process of creating auralisations and sound demonstrations allowed for the evaluation of novel Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft types (and their components) and flight procedures. These auralisations are used to inform the design of vertiport infrastructure; to assess annoyance and possible health impacts of novel noise sources; and to inform local and international policy on noise, including a recent pilot study for EASA . In the absence of noise data from AAM aircraft manufacturers, these auralisations were created using empirical assumptions and more recently, an analytical model. As AAM applications broaden and more data becomes available, the simple acoustic model of aircrafts, such as multicopter, vector thrust or lift and cruise, can be refined to include further dominant sources and more accurate input parameters. Currently, dominant sources of tonal and broadband noise are modelled and combined. Once operational conditions such as trajectory, rate of climb, cruise speed and receiver position are defined, sound propagation is modelled using the NASA Auralisation Framework (NAF) software and auralised using Arup SoundLab. As a result, the listener can hear the sound of an aircraft that may not yet exist and aircraft manufacturers are able to optimise the aircraft noise signature at an early prototyping stage. This paper describes the evolution of these models and the current methodology to generate them.", "keywords": [ "Computer science", "Noise (video)", "Cruise", "Climb", "Lift (data mining)", "Cruise missile", "Cockpit", "Simulation", "Aerospace engineering", "Engineering", "Missile", "Artificial intelligence" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2835" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4416923499", "doi": "10.1109/dasc66011.2025.11257317", "title": "Enhanced Vision-Based Obstacle Sensing During UAM Approach and Landing Operations", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-14", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Paolo Veneruso", "Enrico Miccio", "Roberto Opromolla", "Giancarmine Fasano", "Giacomo Gentile", "Carlo Tiana" ], "first_author": "Paolo Veneruso", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This paper presents a vision-based obstacle sensing architecture designed for Urban Air Mobility approach and landing operations. The proposed system is integrated within a vision-aided navigation pipeline and comprises two main modules: an air-to-air module, responsible for detecting nearby flying vehicles that could pose collision risk, and an air-to-ground module, which assesses the occupancy status of the assigned landing area. In the air-to-air module, a preliminary analysis defines the sensing requirements, focusing on the Field of View (FOV) needed to detect any potential intruding drone. These requirements lead to the selection of a region of interest in the acquired images that fully encompasses any potential colliding intruder, and support the development of strategies to mitigate collision risks near vertiports. Once intruders are ensured to fall within the sensor FOV, the air-to-air detection pipeline includes a global appearance-based intruder detector, a local motion-based confirmation logic, and a tracker to evaluate the trajectory criticality. On the air-to-ground side, the system verifies the safety of the landing area by applying a classification Convolutional Neural Network to the image portion corresponding to the designated landing pattern, which is provided by the vision-aided navigation module. A highfidelity simulation environment is developed to generate representative datasets and validate the performance of the proposed obstacle sensing architecture in urban scenarios.", "keywords": [ "Obstacle", "Pipeline (software)", "Trajectory", "Collision avoidance", "Collision", "Object detection", "Obstacle avoidance", "Convolutional neural network", "Occupancy grid mapping" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc66011.2025.11257317" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128382235", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18531670", "title": "Cost-effectiveness of Drone versus Road Transport for Blood Delivery in Rural Rwandan Obstetric Emergencies: A Short Report", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-12-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Alice Mukamana", "Jean de Dieu Uwimana", "Jean-Paul Niyonzima" ], "first_author": "Alice Mukamana", "venue": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "publisher": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "abstract": "Postpartum haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality in rural Rwanda. Timely access to blood products is frequently delayed by difficult terrain and inadequate road infrastructure, contributing to preventable deaths. This short report conducted a comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) versus conventional road transport for emergency blood delivery to rural health centres in Rwanda's Eastern Region. A decision-analytic model was developed using operational data from a drone delivery service and comparator road transport data. The analysis incorporated direct costs of transport, storage, and personnel, alongside health outcome data related to blood delivery times for obstetric haemorrhage. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per life-year saved. Drone delivery was more cost-effective than road transport for distances over 25 kilometres. The model estimated that drone delivery reduced the mean time to blood receipt by 58%. The ICER for drone delivery fell below a commonly referenced cost-effectiveness threshold for Rwanda. Drone-based delivery of blood products for obstetric emergencies in rural Rwanda is a cost-effective strategy compared to road transport, particularly for longer distances. It can reduce transport-related delays in emergency care. Policy makers should consider integrating drone delivery networks into national blood supply chains for remote areas. Further operational research is needed to optimise integration with existing emergency response systems and assess scalability. drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, cost-effectiveness, maternal health, postpartum haemorrhage, blood delivery, Rwanda, emergency obstetric care This analysis provides evidence for health policy and planning, demonstrating the economic and operational viability of drone technology in strengthening emergency blood supply systems.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Receipt", "Rural area", "Telemedicine", "Health care", "Pregnancy", "Service delivery framework" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18531670" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7137105342", "doi": "10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423677", "title": "Optimal Fleet Sizing for On-Demand Urban Air Mobility Services Using Queueing-Theoretical Approach", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-18", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Byeong Tak Park" ], "first_author": "Byeong Tak Park", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Urban Air Mobility (UAM) offers a solution to alleviate traffic congestion by providing on-demand mobility services in urban airspace. Due to the inherently stochastic nature of on-demand requests, maintaining high service avail-ability-particularly vehicle availability at vertiports-poses a significant challenge in planning on-demand UAM services. In this study, we develop a closed Jackson network model with passenger loss to model the dynamics of on-demand UAM systems. We formulate a profit-maximization problem to optimize fleet size while ensuring minimum service availability. The proposed mathematical formulation explicitly incorporates demand uncertainty and evaluates the trade-off between proactive fleet provisioning and reactive passenger compensation strategies. We present an iterative exact search solution method to compute optimal fleet size and demonstrate its effectiveness in a Seoul City case study, where a fleet of 40 vehicles maximizes profit in the baseline. We further show that incorporating reactive passenger compensation strategies increases optimal fleet sizes (to 48 and 55 vehicles for moderate and high compensation levels, respectively) to maintain the target service availability, at the cost of significantly reduced profitability. These findings provide quantitative insights for UAM fleet operators and policymakers planning on-demand mobility services.", "keywords": [ "Sizing", "Key (lock)", "Air traffic control", "Work (physics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423677" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7213227665", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.13565", "title": "Scaling Chance-Constrained Correlated Equilibrium Computation for Exclusive Resource-Assignment Games", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-11", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Jaehan Im", "Ufuk Topcu", "David Fridovich-Keil" ], "first_author": "Jaehan Im", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "The chance-constrained correlated equilibrium concept provides a robust coordination technique for self-interested agents whose costs are uncertain to a central coordinator, but the number of joint actions considered in its computation grows exponentially with the number of agents. We propose an exact-one resource-assignment restriction for games in which agents compete for shared resources and simultaneous use of a resource is undesirable or unsafe. The restriction allows each resource to be assigned to exactly one agent, reducing the number of joint actions considered from O(2^(nr)) to O(n^r) for n agents and r resources. The resulting problem is solved over the restricted joint action set while retaining all incentive constraints associated with unilateral deviations. We show that the feasible set of the restricted problem is exactly the convex hull of the chance-constrained pure Nash equilibria contained in the exact-one assignment set, yielding a necessary and sufficient condition for nonemptiness. We further derive a sufficient condition under which all chance-constrained pure Nash equilibria of the unrestricted game are retained by the restriction. Numerical experiments in a vertiport departure-corridor coordination scenario demonstrate a 99.81% reduction in median computation time relative to the unrestricted formulation while achieving equivalent coordination performance.", "keywords": [ "Nash equilibrium", "Computation", "Set (abstract data type)", "Scaling", "Coordination game", "Convex hull", "Correlated equilibrium", "Regular polygon", "Reduction (mathematics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.13565" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W77112357", "doi": null, "title": "Dual-Use Technology Program for a Passenger-Cargo Rotorcraft", "year": 1999, "publication_date": "1999-01-26", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Dave J. Dreyfuss", "Calvin Shipbaugh", "Jeff Hagen", "Richard Buenneke" ], "first_author": "Dave J. Dreyfuss", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Declining budgets are reducing the number of new military acquisition starts. The Army needs to consider new ways of doing business that will permit it to get the most from the acquisition dollars available. One possibility is to exploit dual-use technology programs. The Arroyo Center investigated the feasibility of the notion that the commercial aircraft industry could develop a rotorcraft for the civilian market that would also have application to the military, primarily as a replacement for the CH-47 helicopter. The authors identified and analyzed three likely markets: commuter passenger service in conjunction with same-day cargo deliveries; servicing of offshore oil rigs; and emergency medical services (EMS). The commercial passenger-cargo market is not likely to be viable because the rotorcraft's costs exceed by a wide margin those of the competing fixed-wing aircraft, even if the cost analysis counts the potential savings accruing from the convenience of vertiport locations in or near downtown areas. The offshore oil rig market and the EMS market both prefer a vehicle size of about 7-15 passengers, smaller than the Army's most pressing replacement needs. Further, neither of these markets looks feasible from the standpoint of rate of return on invested capital, if the total investment costs had to be recovered (no subsidies). The authors cannot recommend dual-use as a clear remedy for the Army's need for a near-term medium-heavy rotorcraft, but do suggest the examination of several cost-reducing technologies.", "keywords": [ "Service (business)", "Subsidy", "Fleet management", "Engineering", "Investment (military)", "Business", "Transport engineering", "Aeronautics", "Operations management", "Marketing", "Economics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA428204" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7111767696", "doi": null, "title": "CONTROL AND IN-FLIGHT DIAGNOSTIC OF B-52–TYPE AIRCRAFT", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-06-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": null, "authors": [ "Hogin, Benjamin W." ], "first_author": "Hogin, Benjamin W.", "venue": "Calhoun: The Naval Postgraduate School Institutional Archive (Naval Postgraduate School)", "publisher": "Naval Postgraduate School", "abstract": "The democratization of rapidly advancing drone technology has enabled access to a warfare space previously denied to malicious actors with limited resources. This thesis explores potential weaponization of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) autopilot units, for use in a ballistic aerial delivery mission by adopting the well-established approach of a computed aerial release point (CARP). Simulation of a model B-52 aircraft equipped with a COTS autopilot to deliver a payload to the CARP was used to establish the prerequisite technological and expertise requirements inherent in achieving desired performance of the CARP mission, despite adverse flight conditions. The current state of the art in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hardware, sensors, and navigation algorithms was evaluated and used to inform the level of augmentation to a nominal COTS autopilot to enable higher levels of precision. To accomplish the objective, a framework was established to rapidly evaluate the aerodynamics, guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) components of a UAV. In the developed simulation environment, a properly tuned and implemented COTS autopilot presents a menacing threat. As a result of this study, GPS denial was identified as a promising avenue in mitigating the UAV weapons delivery threat and is recommended as the subject of future research.", "keywords": [ "Autopilot", "Payload (computing)", "Drone", "Global Positioning System", "State (computer science)", "Control (management)", "Point (geometry)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/10945/65548" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413899311", "doi": "10.20944/preprints202509.0148.v1", "title": "Inverse Procedure to Initial Parameter Estimation for Air-Dropped Packages Using Neural Networks", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Beata Potrzeszcz-Sut", "Marta Grzyb" ], "first_author": "Beata Potrzeszcz-Sut", "venue": "Preprints.org", "publisher": null, "abstract": "This study presents an inverse approach utilizing neural networks to support the initial parameter estimation for air-dropped packages. The research is motivated by the growing need for accurate and autonomous systems in aerial delivery missions, particularly in environments where satellite navigation signals (e.g., GPS) are unavailable or degraded. In the first step, a forward neural network is trained to predict key flight parameters—range, flight time, and impact velocity—based on predefined initial conditions such as drop velocity, angle, and height. In the second step, an inverse neural network is developed to estimate these initial conditions based solely on the desired outcome parameters. A hybrid computing architecture combining simulation and neural modeling is proposed to generate sufficient training data and reduce computational cost. The results demonstrate that the proposed inverse model can accurately reconstruct the initial parameters under both deterministic and random test scenarios, provided that the input values lie within the well-represented domain of the training set. The approach offers a robust, low-cost alternative to traditional methods, potentially enabling real-time mission planning and decision support for humanitarian, scientific, or military applications.", "keywords": [ "Artificial neural network", "Inverse", "Estimation", "Computer science", "Estimation theory", "Applied mathematics", "Algorithm", "Mathematics", "Artificial intelligence", "Engineering", "Geometry" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/a2ea6f453bdfc20f937abc8db96ed1aa/download_pub" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4412486783", "doi": "10.2514/6.2025-3245", "title": "Using Agents to Evaluate Performance and Ambiguity of Decentralized Advanced Air Mobility Operating Practices", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-07-16", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jeffrey M. Henderson", "Erin M. Bongo", "Thomas Adcock", "Lesley A. Weitz", "Haochen Wu", "Max Z. Li" ], "first_author": "Jeffrey M. Henderson", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) utilizes electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft to transport passengers and cargo. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is exploring shifting strategic deconfliction, demand and capacity balancing, conformance monitoring, and other traffic management responsibilities for these future AAM operations to private third parties under the Extensible Traffic Management (xTM) concept. Stakeholder-developed agreements between operators and the FAA, known as Cooperative Operating Practices (COPs), will be part of the xTM concept. This paper presents an agent-based modeling approach to evaluate decentralized strategic deconfliction COPs, which were used to schedule AAM flights based on operational priority rules without a centralized service provider or authority. COPs were found to be fair from the AAM operator perspective based on simulated fixed and on-demand scheduling within a seven-vertiport network in the Los Angeles area. Schedule stability was most impacted by aircraft departing at a different time than scheduled. An ambiguity analysis, leveraging a large language model (LLM), evaluated whether scenarios arise in which the operational priority is difficult to discern based on the COPs. This type of analysis can inform revisions to COPs that reduce inconsistencies during scheduling. Explicitly assigning priorities to landed aircraft and providing tiebreakers that apply under all conditions were necessary revisions identified by the ambiguity analysis.", "keywords": [ "Ambiguity", "Computer science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3245" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128556066", "doi": null, "title": "A Survey of Medical Drones from Flight Dynamics, Guidance, Navigation, and Control Perspectives", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-05", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Roshan Kumar Chhetri", "Sarocha Jetawatthana", "Thanakorn Khamvilai" ], "first_author": "Roshan Kumar Chhetri", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "The integration of drones into the medical field has revolutionized healthcare delivery by enabling rapid transportation of medical supplies, organs, and even emergency assistance in remote or disaster-stricken areas. While other survey papers focus on the healthcare supply chain, operations, and medical emergency response aspects, this paper provides a comprehensive review of medical drones from the perspectives of flight dynamics and guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) systems. We first discuss the medical aerial delivery mission requirements and suitable uncrewed aerial system (UAS) configurations. We then address payload container design and optimization, and its effect on supplies and overall flight dynamics. We also explore the fundamental principles of GNC in the context of medical drone operations, highlighting key challenges arising from vibration, air temperature, pressure, and humidity, which affect the quality of medical supplies. The paper examines various GNC algorithms that can mitigate these challenges, as well as the algorithms' limitations. With these considerations, this survey aims to provide insights into optimizing GNC frameworks for medical drones, emphasizing research gaps and directions to improve real-world healthcare applications.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Context (archaeology)", "Payload (computing)", "Health care", "Control (management)", "Quality (philosophy)", "Key (lock)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.06969" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2590598548", "doi": null, "title": "Flight Analysis of an Autonomously Navigated Experimental Lander for High Altitude Recovery", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-04", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jeffrey Chin", "Justin E. Niehaus", "Debra Goodenow", "Storm Dunker", "David R. Montague" ], "first_author": "Jeffrey Chin", "venue": "NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)", "publisher": "NASA Headquarters", "abstract": "First steps have been taken to qualify a family of parafoil systems capable of increasing the survivability and reusability of high-altitude balloon payloads. The research is motivated by the common risk facing balloon payloads where expensive flight hardware can often land in inaccessible areas that make them difficult or impossible to recover. The Autonomously Navigated Experimental Lander (ANGEL) flight test introduced a commercial Guided Parachute Aerial Delivery System (GPADS) to a previously untested environment at 108,000ft MSL to determine its high-altitude survivability and capabilities. Following release, ANGEL descended under a drogue until approximately 25,000ft, at which point the drogue was jettisoned and the main parachute was deployed, commencing navigation. Multiple data acquisition platforms were used to characterize the return-to-point technology performance and help determine its suitability for returning future scientific payloads ranging from 180 to 10,000lbs to safer and more convenient landing locations. This report describes the test vehicle design, and summarizes the captured sensor data. Various post-flight analyses are used to quantify the system's performance, gondola load data, and serve as a reference point for subsequent missions.", "keywords": [ "Survivability", "SAFER", "Aeronautics", "Flight test", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Payload (computing)", "Systems engineering", "Real-time computing", "Aerospace engineering", "Simulation", "Computer security" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20160004964.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7127401854", "doi": "10.2514/6.2026-2579", "title": "Vision-based Approach and Landing with Distributed Sensing and Hierarchical Mixture of Experts", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-08", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Evan Kawamura", "Sarah Xiong", "Keerthana Kannan", "Thomas Lombaerts", "Vahram Stepanyan", "Chester V. Dolph", "Nelson Brown", "Corey A. Ippolito" ], "first_author": "Evan Kawamura", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) operations face significant navigation challenges during approach and landing, particularly in dense urban environments where GPS may be degraded or unavailable. Prior work has developed an onboard Vision-based Approach and Landing System (VALS) and a ground-based Vision Distributed Sensing (VIDIS) network. VALS provides onboard state estimation by fusing Coplanar Pose from Orthography and Scaling with Iterations (COPOSIT) measurements with inertial data in an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), while VIDIS leverages distributed ground-based cameras and bundle adjustment to estimate the incoming aircraft state. At longer ranges, when onboard detection of landing-zone features is limited, VIDIS serves as the primary navigation source; as the aircraft approaches the landing zone and onboard feature observability improves, VALS becomes increasingly dominant. This paper introduces a Hierarchical Mixture of Experts (HME) framework that dynamically combines VALS and VIDIS estimates based on their relative performance, enabling resilient navigation under both nominal and off-nominal conditions. Simulation results, including scenarios with injected navigation anomalies, demonstrate that the proposed HME architecture maintains continuous and accurate state estimation by adaptively prioritizing the most reliable navigation source. These results highlight the potential of combined airborne and ground-based navigation to enhance safety, robustness, and operational readiness for future AAM vertiport operations.", "keywords": [ "Observability", "Global Positioning System", "Kalman filter", "Inertial navigation system", "Feature (linguistics)", "State (computer science)", "Extended Kalman filter" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2579" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7128523914", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2602.06969", "title": "A Survey of Medical Drones from Flight Dynamics, Guidance, Navigation, and Control Perspectives", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-05", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Roshan Kumar Chhetri", "Sarocha Jetawatthana", "Thanakorn Khamvilai" ], "first_author": "Roshan Kumar Chhetri", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "The integration of drones into the medical field has revolutionized healthcare delivery by enabling rapid transportation of medical supplies, organs, and even emergency assistance in remote or disaster-stricken areas. While other survey papers focus on the healthcare supply chain, operations, and medical emergency response aspects, this paper provides a comprehensive review of medical drones from the perspectives of flight dynamics and guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) systems. We first discuss the medical aerial delivery mission requirements and suitable uncrewed aerial system (UAS) configurations. We then address payload container design and optimization, and its effect on supplies and overall flight dynamics. We also explore the fundamental principles of GNC in the context of medical drone operations, highlighting key challenges arising from vibration, air temperature, pressure, and humidity, which affect the quality of medical supplies. The paper examines various GNC algorithms that can mitigate these challenges, as well as the algorithms' limitations. With these considerations, this survey aims to provide insights into optimizing GNC frameworks for medical drones, emphasizing research gaps and directions to improve real-world healthcare applications.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Context (archaeology)", "Payload (computing)", "Health care", "Control (management)", "Quality (philosophy)", "Key (lock)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.06969" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7154602857", "doi": "10.1142/s230138502830003x", "title": "A Survey of Medical Drones from Flight Dynamics, Guidance, Navigation, and Control Perspectives", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-04-16", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Roshan Kumar Chhetri", "Sarocha Jetawatthana", "Thanakorn Khamvilai" ], "first_author": "Roshan Kumar Chhetri", "venue": "Unmanned Systems", "publisher": "World Scientific", "abstract": "The integration of drones into the medical field has revolutionized healthcare delivery by enabling rapid transportation of medical supplies, organs, and even emergency assistance in remote or disaster-stricken areas. While other survey papers focus on the healthcare supply chain, operations, and medical emergency response aspects, this paper takes a different perspective. It provides a comprehensive review of medical drones from the standpoint of flight dynamics and guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) systems. We first discuss the medical aerial delivery mission requirements and suitable uncrewed aerial system (UAS) configurations. We then address payload container design and optimization, and its effect on supplies and overall flight dynamics. We also explore the fundamental principles of GNC in the context of medical drone operations, highlighting key challenges arising from vibration, air temperature, pressure, and humidity, which affect the quality of medical supplies. The paper examines various GNC algorithms that can mitigate these challenges, as well as the algorithms’ limitations. With these considerations, this survey aims to provide insights into optimizing GNC frameworks for medical drones, emphasizing research gaps and directions to improve real-world healthcare applications.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Context (archaeology)", "Payload (computing)", "Control (management)", "Health care", "Quality (philosophy)", "Key (lock)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1142/s230138502830003x" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4417056915", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2503.24301", "title": "QUADRO: A Hybrid Quantum Optimization Framework for Drone Delivery", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-31", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "James B. Holliday", "Darren Blount", "Hoang Quan Nguyen", "Samee U. Khan", "Ky Luu" ], "first_author": "James B. Holliday", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "Quantum computing holds transformative potential for optimizing large-scale drone fleet operations, yet its near-term limitations necessitate hybrid approaches blending classical and quantum techniques. This work introduces Quantum Unmanned Aerial Delivery Routing Optimization (QUADRO), a novel hybrid framework addressing the Energy-Constrained Capacitated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Routing Problem and the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Scheduling Problem. By formulating these challenges as Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problems, QUADRO leverages the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm for routing and scheduling, enhanced by classical heuristics and post-processing. We minimize total transit time in routing, considering payload and battery constraints, and optimize makespan scheduling across various drone fleets. Evaluated on adapted Augerat benchmarks (16-51 nodes), QUADRO competes against classical and prior hybrid methods, achieving scalable solutions with fewer than one hundred qubits. The proposed results underscore the viability of hybrid quantum-classical strategies for real-world drone logistics, paving the way for quantum-enhanced optimization in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum era.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Job shop scheduling", "Payload (computing)", "Heuristics", "Scalability", "Quantum" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.24301" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7171319620", "doi": "10.1016/j.ast.2026.113300", "title": "Physics-informed graph neural networks for forecasting eVTOL-induced traffic state perturbations in real-world road networks", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-26", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yue Chen" ], "first_author": "Yue Chen", "venue": "Aerospace Science and Technology", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Residual", "Graph", "Benchmark (surveying)", "Metric (unit)", "Smoothness", "Topology (electrical circuits)", "Laplace operator", "Laplacian matrix", "Dimension (graph theory)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.113300" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163264466", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2606.00504", "title": "Like Uber or Like Buses? Economic Feasibility Analysis of UAM for Airport Access", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-30", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Shangqing Cao", "Rishi Kumar Srinivasan", "Raja Sengupta", "Mark Hansen" ], "first_author": "Shangqing Cao", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "The airport access use case is a promising early-stage application for Urban Air Mobility (UAM). Understanding the operational paradigm of UAM at airports is crucial for making equitable and effective regulatory and management decisions. A central open question is whether UAM will be integrated into the airport transportation network as a conventional scheduled transit service, such as subways and rail, or as a Transportation Network Company (TNC) characterized by dynamic supply-demand matching. In this paper, we propose a two-stage framework for conducting an economic feasibility analysis of UAM networks. In the first stage, we introduce a joint-supply-demand variable pricing problem to evaluate the impact of dynamic pricing on UAM operations. This model uses a binary logit formulation to capture the trade-off between travel time advantages and fare levels. In the second stage, the determined demand is used as input for the Electric Urban Air Mobility Vehicle Routing Problem with Non-linear Charging Time (eUAMVRP-NL), which optimizes fleet scheduling and charging decisions to derive operating revenue and cost estimates. We apply this framework to a case study of the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) access market with an eight-spoke vertiport network. Our results indicate that UAM operations benefit significantly from TNC-like management; a variable pricing policy can increase operating profits by more than 100\\% compared to fixed-pricing schemes. Furthermore, we identify economies of stage length in longer UAM flights.", "keywords": [ "Revenue", "Scheduling (production processes)", "Variable (mathematics)", "Revenue management", "Flow network", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Operating cost", "Dynamic pricing", "Vehicle routing problem" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00504" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4400199252", "doi": "10.1007/978-981-97-3998-1_94", "title": "Investigation on the Folding Method and Inflation Process of Ram Air Parachute", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jinhong Li", "Liu Qi", "Zhang Hong Hui", "Yuling Duan", "Gang Yu" ], "first_author": "Jinhong Li", "venue": "Lecture notes in electrical engineering", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Folding (DSP implementation)", "Inflation (cosmology)", "Process (computing)", "Computer science", "Aerospace engineering", "Materials science", "Mechanics", "Aeronautics", "Mechanical engineering", "Engineering", "Physics", "Theoretical physics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3998-1_94" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163591034", "doi": "10.2514/6.2026-4069", "title": "Dynamic Skylanes: Integrating Urban Air Mobility Into Door-to-Door Solutions Using Strategic Airspace Allocation", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-06-04", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Jung Ho Park", "Jordan Kam", "Vishwanath Bulusu", "Raja Sengupta" ], "first_author": "Jung Ho Park", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This article presents dynamic directional lane allocation in urban air mobility (UAM) corridors as a discrete-time mixed-integer linear program (MILP). This formulation activates, deactivates, and reverses lane direction as bi-directional airspace demand evolves. We model demand from disaggregate ground travel data by decomposing each trip into a multi-modal sequence with first-, middle-, and last-mile legs and routing the UAM-served middle-mile segment through a vertiport-side dispatch model. We use the San Francisco Bay Area as a case study by placing a multi-region spanning corridor between Contra Costa county and Silicon Valley. We find that the dynamic policy cuts unused airspace capacity by 5x, increases mean lane utilization from 36-48% to 67% at the same service level relative to baselines, and reduces commuting-population mean travel time by up to 21.6%. These results show that dynamic configuration of airspace capacity alleviates a significant percentage of the under-utilization issue of lane-based UAM airspace design and UAM concept of operations. This dynamic allocation also provides a safe, structural way to increase throughput, making UAM a more viable complement to multimodal door-to-door mobility systems.", "keywords": [ "Air traffic control", "Aviation", "Key (lock)", "Process (computing)", "Context (archaeology)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4069" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7118307876", "doi": "10.60575/7j3k-km60", "title": "Proceedings of DLR/DGLR 5th Innovative Air Mobility Symposium", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-05", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Praveen Kumar Selvam", "Bianca Isabella Schuchardt" ], "first_author": "Praveen Kumar Selvam", "venue": "elib (German Aerospace Center)", "publisher": "Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)", "abstract": "The aim of the annual symposium is to share research results and discuss recent developments and questions on current research activities and industrial developments in the field of innovative air mobility, including advanced, urban, and regional air mobility, passenger and cargo transport. The symposium will provide an excellent opportunity for scientists and engineers from industry, research institutions and universities to exchange knowledge and findings of current studies, and to discuss directions for future research and development. The main topics to be discussed at 2025's IAM Symposium are How to overcome current challenges of IAM concepts? How can air mobility concepts be extended to smart inter-modal systems? Who are the stakeholders in IAM and what are their interests? How to take the next steps towards the safe introduction of air taxis or cargo drones and the necessary infrastructure in urban and regional areas? How does U-space play a role in IAM air traffic management? How to develop, construct and validate emerging new vertiport concepts? How can the gaps in the existing transportation system be identified and can IAM help? How can societal concerns such as safety, security, privacy, noise, and sustainability be addressed? What are recent advances in the simulation capabilities for IAM noise? How can the noise effect be assessed and what is the impact on humans? How can advances in autonomy and artificial intelligence be leveraged to enable IAM operations?", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Taxis", "Field (mathematics)", "Sustainability", "Construct (python library)", "Air traffic control", "Autonomy" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.60575/7j3k-km60" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7163822565", "doi": "10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.80939", "title": "Entrepreneurship Development in Kurnool District: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Perspectives", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-30", "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "S. Mansoor Rahman", "Dr H. Akther Banu" ], "first_author": "S. Mansoor Rahman", "venue": "International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Entrepreneurship is crucial for regional economic growth, especially in areas with many resources but not many industrial opportunities. This paper aims to explore the possibilities, problems and the potential of developing entrepreneurship in the Kurnool district. The district has a plethora of economic activities that include mining, farming, cottage industries and new industrial infrastructure. And with the advent of a drone hub, the opportunities are wide for the budding entrepreneurs. These are the avenues that make things easy for entrepreneurs to grow in different dimensions and in different areas. The paper also focuses on the important opportunities in business, like processing granite and cement; agro-based industries, like extracting oil and mango pulp; and traditional industries, like handloom weaving. Also emerging areas like renewable energy, logistics and 80 enabled services are opening new means for businesses to grow. The mega industrial hub at Orvakal and the industrial park built by the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation add to the district's industrial potential. The government programmes like the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Startup India and Standup India are all government programmes that promote entrepreneurship. The study talks about certain structural problems, like how agriculture doesn't generate much value, how industrial infrastructure isn't used enough, how logistics and cold storage facilities aren't good enough, and how many skilled workers are moving to cities. Mechanisation is a threat to traditional sectors, and SMEs have problems with money, getting into markets, and following rules. The report concludes that Kurnool district has a lot of potential to become a centre for entrepreneurship in the region, but only if the right policies are put in place. Some of these policies include strengthening MSMEs, enhancing infrastructure and logistics, promoting agro-processing, and assisting individuals in acquiring new skills. A balanced approach that combines traditional strengths with modern industrial growth can help the region's economy flourish in a way that is fair and long-lasting", "keywords": [ "Entrepreneurship", "Government (linguistics)", "Corporation", "Christian ministry", "Agriculture", "Drone", "Industrial park" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.ijfmr.com/papers/2026/2/80939.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3186652188", "doi": "10.2514/6.2021-2173", "title": "Statistical Assessment of the Influence from Uncertainties in Acoustical Data for UAM Vehicles on Noise Metrics", "year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-07-28", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Michael Bauer" ], "first_author": "Michael Bauer", "venue": "AIAA AVIATION 2021 FORUM", "publisher": null, "abstract": "View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2173.vid Urban Air Mobility (UAM) may rapidly change the future of individual air transportation in the years to come. Air-taxis equipped with electric propulsion are thought to bring relief to bigger cities which are suffering from congestion and pollution by emissions, but UAM systems will be still connected to novel air traffic noise. After having established several scenarios dealing with UAM vehicles and describing the acoustic characteristics of a variety of potential air-taxi concepts, a broader study on UAM traffic management has been performed by the author. Because of the large number of different air taxi concepts and their multiple operational conditions, each with its own sound characteristics, a deeper knowledge of future air-taxis’ noise emissions will be crucial for the understanding of situations around vertiports and air-taxi routes. This includes the question, how uncertainties in the vehicles’ properties of sound emission, such as power spectrum and directivity, are going to influence noise metrics which are describing community noise and noise impact on the ground. One approach to answer this question is given by the study described here: four different air-taxi systems, provided with generic acoustic properties, were investigated by extensive flyover simulations and statistical assessments in the presence of artificial variations of their acoustic emission data. The results for different noise metrics and their sensitivities regarding these variations were discussed, first conclusions were drawn.", "keywords": [ "Noise (video)", "Taxis", "Noise pollution", "Computer science", "Directivity", "Traffic noise", "Environmental science", "Roadway noise", "Noise control", "Propulsion", "Air pollution", "Environmental noise" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2173" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415952866", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-8031282/v1", "title": "Informing Metropolitan Noise Mitigation for Urban Air Mobility Operations", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-06", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Yair N. Guerrero", "Aidan Molloy", "Nicole Artemyev", "Matthew A. Clarke" ], "first_author": "Yair N. Guerrero", "venue": "Research Square", "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Metropolitan area", "Aircraft noise", "Takeoff", "Annoyance", "Noise (video)", "Aviation", "Noise pollution", "International airport", "Noise control" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-8031282/latest.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4413780651", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5406544", "title": "A Scalable Framework for the Management of STPA Requirements: a Case Study on eVTOL Operations", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shufeng Chen", "Halima El Badaoui", "Mariat James Elizebeth", "Siddartha Khastgir", "Paul Jennings", "Takuya Nakashima" ], "first_author": "Shufeng Chen", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Scalability", "Computer science", "Process management", "Business", "Database" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5406544" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W3107881676", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-45308-4_3", "title": "Modelling a Future Routing Concept for the Urban Air Mobility", "year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Moritz Hildemann", "Carlos Delgado" ], "first_author": "Moritz Hildemann", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Flexibility (engineering)", "Scalability", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Transport engineering", "Air quality index", "Noise (video)", "Computer science", "Space (punctuation)", "Noise pollution", "Engineering", "Geography", "Computer network" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45308-4_3" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4387572205", "doi": "10.1111/trf.381_17554", "title": "P‐TS‐44 | Improving Blood Availability in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries through Drone‐Based Blood Delivery: Conclusions from an International Working Group.", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-10-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Sahil Virk", "H. Arora", "Lucy Asamoah‐Akuoko", "Meghan Delaney", "Marie Paul Nisingizwe", "Nobhojit Roy", "Y. Abdella", "G. Swaibu", "Vishaka Raguveer", "N. Raykar" ], "first_author": "Sahil Virk", "venue": "Transfusion", "publisher": "Wiley", "abstract": "Millions live without access to sufficient blood transfusion services in remote regions of low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), effectively creating “blood deserts.” The traditional blood banking system is logistically complex and expensive to implement in rural settings, requiring considerable transfusion-specific infrastructure and workforce, and reliant on road travel. Where innovative, multidisciplinary approaches are needed in blood deserts, drone-based blood delivery can aid in streamlining the infrastructure needs and reduce transport time. To explore the potential of drone-based blood delivery for blood transfusions in LMIC blood deserts, a white paper was developed focusing on the current applications of this technology, identifying knowledge gaps, and implementation considerations including future arenas for research and policy. Six international experts (“delegates”) in surgery, transfusion medicine, and public policy were convened as a part of the Innovative Blood Transfusion Strategies for Blood Deserts in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Radcliffe Seminar. The exploratory process included guided reviews of peer-reviewed and gray literature, three group discussions with delegates, seven individual interviews with delegates and additional experts, and a large group discussion with the remaining sixteen delegates during the Seminar. We summarized the current state of the field and existing technologies after extensive research and recognized that while there are smaller companies entering this space, Zipline is the most widely recognized currently. Several factors including geographical and regulatory guidelines, public-private partnerships, and infrastructure would require consideration for successful implementation. Knowledge gaps and barriers namely blood availability, community engagement, and capital investment were identified and to overcome these challenges an implementation plan was laid prioritizing important areas for future study, advocacy, and legislation. Innovative strategies are urgently needed to address the lack of blood transfusion services in LMIC blood deserts. The white paper provides an outline for addressing the challenges associated and leveraging the potential benefits of drone-based delivery to improve blood delivery.", "keywords": [ "Medicine", "Blood transfusion", "Low and middle income countries", "Family medicine", "Developing country", "Library science", "Surgery", "Economic growth" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.381_17554" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7213920504", "doi": "10.1016/j.tre.2026.105218", "title": "Planning urban air mobility network with travel mode choice under uncertainty", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Taisheng Du", "Qiong Tian", "Yuankai Zhang", "Xiaojing Chen", "Feng Tian", "Jiangtao Li" ], "first_author": "Taisheng Du", "venue": "Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Equivalence (formal languages)", "Minification", "Mode (computer interface)", "Network planning and design", "Benders' decomposition", "Key (lock)", "Mode choice", "Decomposition", "Stochastic modelling" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2026.105218" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415248168", "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2505.03460", "title": "LogisticsVLN: Vision-Language Navigation For Low-Altitude Terminal Delivery Based on Agentic UAVs", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-06", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Xinyuan Zhang", "Yonglin Tian", "Fei Lin", "Yue Liu", "Ma, Jing", "Kornélia Sára Szatmáry", "Feiyue Wang" ], "first_author": "Xinyuan Zhang", "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "publisher": "Cornell University", "abstract": "The growing demand for intelligent logistics, particularly fine-grained terminal delivery, underscores the need for autonomous UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)-based delivery systems. However, most existing last-mile delivery studies rely on ground robots, while current UAV-based Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) tasks primarily focus on coarse-grained, long-range goals, making them unsuitable for precise terminal delivery. To bridge this gap, we propose LogisticsVLN, a scalable aerial delivery system built on multimodal large language models (MLLMs) for autonomous terminal delivery. LogisticsVLN integrates lightweight Large Language Models (LLMs) and Visual-Language Models (VLMs) in a modular pipeline for request understanding, floor localization, object detection, and action-decision making. To support research and evaluation in this new setting, we construct the Vision-Language Delivery (VLD) dataset within the CARLA simulator. Experimental results on the VLD dataset showcase the feasibility of the LogisticsVLN system. In addition, we conduct subtask-level evaluations of each module of our system, offering valuable insights for improving the robustness and real-world deployment of foundation model-based vision-language delivery systems.", "keywords": [ "Software deployment", "Modular design", "Robustness (evolution)", "Scalability", "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Construct (python library)", "Focus (optics)", "Pipeline (software)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.03460" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7124128809", "doi": null, "title": "Implementation of U-space Test Environment at the National Experimental Test Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems of the German Aerospace Center: Development of an Utilization Concept to Extend Testing Possibilities for Innovative Air Mobility", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-17", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Kristin Wendt", "Joonas Lieb", "Praveen Kumar Selvam" ], "first_author": "Kristin Wendt", "venue": "elib (German Aerospace Center)", "publisher": "Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)", "abstract": "U-space, as a digitalized ecosystem for unmanned air traffic, enables safe and secure integration of numerous Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the existing airspace. To offer a testing environment for research as well as industrial partners the German Aerospace Center (DLR) initiated the internal research project AREA U-space (Air Space Research Area U-space) in order to implement a U-space sandbox at the National Experimental Test Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems at DLR Cochstedt. Besides the integration of the four mandatory services being network identification, geoawareness, flight authorization and traffic information service, services of higher Uspace levels will be implemented as well. The higher levels of U-space, U3 - Advanced services and U4 - Full services, represent the evolution of U-space toward full integration with manned aviation. U3 introduces dynamic airspace management, tactical conflict resolution, and real-time data exchange with Air Traffic Control (ATC), enabling UAS to operate safely in increasingly complex and dense environments. U4 builds on this by incorporating full automation, advanced decision-making support, and seamless coordination with Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems. This level supports autonomous Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations and scalable Innovative Air Mobility (IAM), making U-space a fully interoperable part of the broader airspace ecosystem. One of the higher U-space level services will be the collaborative interface with ATC developed by DLR. The collaborative interface with ATC is a core feature of U3 and U4 U-space levels, enabling shared situational awareness and dynamic airspace management between manned and unmanned traffic. After end of project in 2026, the U-space environment should be available for UAS flight test campaigns conducted by DLR institutes and external industrial partners. In addition to flight test campaigns showing the readiness of U-space service capabilities, UAS flight trials with services offered by different U-space Service Providers (USSPs) are conceivable at DLR Cochstedt. By this, the planned U-space environment enables a wide range of testing possibilities with the scope of IAM and the opportunity to advance the U-space services and its environment at the DLR Cochstedt. To address the topic of the future use of the U-space sandbox by DLR-internal as well as external users of the test center, a long-term utilization concept will be developed. One part of this concept will be a collection of needs of potential users in the future. This research aims to give an overview on the identified research needs, interests and requirements from various stakeholders and different actors. Furthermore, an approach to identify needs of potential industrial end-users will be detailed and elaborated. In this context various methods for collecting input from interested users are being considered and evaluated in terms of their applicability. Hence, a long-term roadmap for the use of the implemented U-space environment at DLR Cochstedt will be detailed and used to ensure a long-term prospect of use for the U-space sandbox at the testing facility in Cochstedt. By this, one of the addressed aspects will be the integration of the U-space test environment into the existing as well as planned infrastructure at the test center. Due to the continuous development in the field of IAM, there is a need to extend testing possibilities as well. One example for a potential approach is to take the opportunity to enable UAS flight tests in combination with the vertiport demonstrators, which will be realized in the DLR internal research project VERTIFIED (Vertiport Research Infrastructure For Innovation Exploration and Demonstration) until 2028.", "keywords": [ "Interoperability", "Air traffic control", "Aerospace", "Situation awareness", "System integration", "Drone", "Interface (matter)", "Command and control", "Aviation", "Flight management system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://elib.dlr.de/221888/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W271747870", "doi": null, "title": "Small Unit Resupply Kit: SMURK", "year": 2005, "publication_date": "2005-02-08", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Charles B. Flournoy" ], "first_author": "Charles B. Flournoy", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract : The SMURK is a boxed container designed to absorb speed impact with the ground. Its primary method of delivery is by helicopter, but it also can be delivered by fixed wing transport aircraft. The SMURK delivery system takes various shapes and sizes, but in general one should picture an elongated rectangular cardboard box, three feet long with fins like a traditional high drag or Snake eye bomb. The fins stabilize and decelerate the box as it spirals to the ground. On impact, the foam, air bags, or a combination thereof that fills the nose compartment absorbs a majority of the impact. The passing of the loud helicopter muffles its impact. The Marines on the deck open the aft end of the SMURK and retrieve whatever supplies they need to sustain themselves. For example, a SMURK can be tailor-loaded in the rear area by a supporting unit. Depending on the situation, a SMURK may contain 20 or 30 filled magazines of 5.56 mm ammunition and several smoke grenades, or it may be filled with life-saving plasma, morphine, intravenous supplies, and so on. This paper discusses scenarios in which the SMURK may be used, historical uses for the SMURK, what makes the SMURK different from other aerial delivery systems, us of the SMURK in humanitarian assistance operations, and development of the SMURK.", "keywords": [ "Ammunition", "Marine engineering", "Container (type theory)", "Aeronautics", "Drag", "Deck", "Windshield", "Cushioning", "Expanded polystyrene", "3d printed", "Engineering", "Aerospace engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a505238.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4410826489", "doi": "10.3897/aca.8.e155577", "title": "Drones contributing to LTER: challenges and opportunities", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-28", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ricardo Dı́az-Delgado" ], "first_author": "Ricardo Dı́az-Delgado", "venue": "ARPHA Conference Abstracts", "publisher": "Pensoft Publishers", "abstract": "Drones or UAVs are becoming widely used for uncountable scientific applications. Quick, easy and synoptic observations from the air enable to retrieve spatial explicit information on land, water or human infrastructures. Customized drone missions provide insights on targeted areas adapted to specific user requirements, such as spatial resolution, re-visiting schedule or sensor characteristics. For instance, ecological monitoring benefits from periodically replicated flights which contribute to understand ecosystem dynamics including phenology, disturbance effects or trends. Available drone hubs can implement repeated semi-autonomous flights. Ad-hoc missions allow monitoring restoration actions, recovery after disturbance or identifying invasive species and algal blooms. A diverse array of cameras and sensors have been miniaturized enough to be mounted onboard of drones. Optical cameras, including multi and hyperspectral can map vegetation and flora as well as biophysical parameters from land and wetlands. LiDAR sensors can easily map canopy heights, including understory, revealing biomass distribution in forested areas. Thermal cameras provide land surface temperature for energy-surface modeling or identify hotspots in wildlife census. Drone mapping also contribute to in situ validation of Earth Observation products, offering an intermediate scale for up-sampling procedures. Drones are not only suitable for mapping. We can also use them to collect samples in a systematic way, or to autonomously fly below tree canopies. In this talk I will provide a review on both the most frequent drone applications for LTER that can be used to measure and upscale certain eLTER Standard Observations and the upcoming opportunities based on new technologies. I will also address the main challenges to adopt drone missions as regular activities in eLTER sites and platforms, dealing with available and affordable equipment, required training and permits, mission design and processing workflows.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Data science", "Computer science", "Environmental planning", "Geography", "Biology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://aca.pensoft.net/article/155577/download/pdf/" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7203734303", "doi": "10.3233/atde260620", "title": "Study on Impact Characteristics and Motion Responses of Autonomous Mobile Sonobuoy During Water Entry", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-08-17", "type": "book-chapter", "language": null, "authors": [ "Muzi Cui", "Junwen Liang", "Ruosi Zha" ], "first_author": "Muzi Cui", "venue": "Advances in transdisciplinary engineering", "publisher": "IOS Press", "abstract": "As a novel trans-medium platform, the autonomous mobile sonobuoy broadens the operational envelope of small-to-medium vessels and unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) by eliminating the necessity for aerial delivery. However, the intense slamming loads encountered during high-speed water entry pose a significant risk to structural integrity and sensitive internal electronics. Given that projectile geometry fundamentally dictates impact hydrodynamics, this study investigated the influence of varying nose profiles and wing configurations on slamming loads and transient motion attitudes. Numerical simulations were conducted by employing a viscous flow solver integrated with a dynamic overset mesh technique to handle large-amplitude body motions. The results indicated that a hemi-ellipsoidal nose shape with a fineness ratio of 1:1.5 can significantly reduce the peak slamming load. Furthermore, the deployment of wings can effectively attenuate the impact energy, thereby mitigating localized loads on internal components. Additionally, small-angle water entry and a seaplane-style landing approach can further optimize load distribution. This study provides critical support for the lightweight and impact-resistant design of airborne sonobuoys, enhancing their safety and operational reliability during water entry.", "keywords": [ "Slamming", "Projectile", "Envelope (radar)", "Wing", "Solver", "Reliability (semiconductor)", "Angle of attack", "Motion (physics)", "Flow (mathematics)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.3233/atde260620" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2965360422", "doi": "10.5957/mt1.1968.5.2.175", "title": "United States Army Shallow-Draft Boat Program", "year": 1968, "publication_date": "1968-04-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "John F. Sargent" ], "first_author": "John F. Sargent", "venue": "Marine Technology and SNAME News", "publisher": null, "abstract": "The increased emphasis on counterinsurgency-type operations forced the Army to consider means to improve logistics in swamps and inundated areas. The intent of this consideration was to complement aerial movement of men and supplies. Although this type of ground operation has a long history in military annals, prevailing circumstances have created an unprecedented demand for improved mobility in that environment. The unit of load arbitrarily established was a ton of supplies or a squad of troops, depending on the mission. The end item expected to carry that load had to be simple, cheap, and easily reproduced. Conventional boat designs tested in heavy watergrowths proved totally inadequate; consequently, a major part of the effort was directed to obtaining a propulsion system which was capable of swamp negotiation as well as good open-water performance. In the propulsion study, waterjets, sine disks, paddle wheels, rule propellers, and the airscrew were tested and evaluated. The use of a unique propulsion system was further complicated by boundary requirements of minimal navigational draft, of envelope size compatible with surface and aerial delivery, and of a weight allowing manhandling for limited distances overland. Selection was finally narrowed to the water-jet and the airscrew-propelled boat. Development of these two craft is currently in the final phase of tests and evaluations for field use.", "keywords": [ "Propulsion", "Marine engineering", "Engineering", "BARGE", "Hull", "Drum", "Aeronautics", "Spillage", "Envelope (radar)", "Operations research", "Mechanical engineering", "Aerospace engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1968.5.2.175" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7148781217", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.6516944", "title": "State estimation and control of multi--segment slung loads for rotorcraft transport", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authors": [ "Emanuele L. de Angelis", "Elia Costantini", "Fabrizio Giulietti" ], "first_author": "Emanuele L. de Angelis", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Underactuation", "Control theory (sociology)", "Swing", "Payload (computing)", "Controller (irrigation)", "Accelerometer", "Stability (learning theory)", "Kalman filter", "Work (physics)", "Filter (signal processing)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6516944" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7127317166", "doi": "10.2514/6.2026-2745", "title": "Approach Pattern Automation With Quadratic Bézier Curve Trajectory Planning", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-08", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Michael R. Variny", "Jay Paul Wilhelm" ], "first_author": "Michael R. Variny", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Current procedures for sequencing and scheduling arriving aircraft are designed to handle 2-3 aircraft at a time and rely heavily on communication between air traffic controllers and pilots. However adherence to a First Come First Served (FCFS) order, along with the use of holding patterns or go-arounds, may lead to inefficient energy usage and unnecessary delays. Scaling the Federal Aviation Administration’s current scheduling methods to a high-density, semi-autonomous airspace, such as Advanced Air Mobility, presents possible challenges in terms of controller workload, aircraft sequencing, and cascading delays. Scheduling challenges become even more pronounced at vertiports, where aircraft can approach and land from any direction. The presented work investigates trajectory planning techniques that ensure multiple aircraft can make coordinated arrival path interceptions while adhering to assigned sequences and Scheduled Times of Arrival (STAs). Time-optimal trajectories composed of Bézier curves and Dubins path segments are developed and optimized for interception. Planned trajectories are autonomously executed by each agent in a landing sequence to meet precise STA requirements. In two experiments where 20 aircraft utilized time-optimal trajectory planning to autonomously enter an approach pattern, no aircraft violated its sequence assignment and the mean absolute deviation between arrival time and STA was under 2 seconds. The average percent error between Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) of the Bézier trajectory and the STA was under 0.3% in both experiments.", "keywords": [ "Scheduling (production processes)", "Trajectory", "Air traffic control", "Motion planning", "Trajectory optimization", "Path (computing)", "Arrival time", "Sequence (biology)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2745" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4231080855", "doi": "10.1016/s1571-0866(07)80012-1", "title": "Chapter 6 1952 Field season", "year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-01-01", "type": "book-chapter", "language": "en", "authors": [], "first_author": null, "venue": "Developments in quaternary science", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Geography", "Peninsula", "Glacier", "Snow", "Archaeology", "Physical geography", "Geology", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Meteorology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0866(07)80012-1" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2514954095", "doi": null, "title": "Flight Analysis of an Autonomously Navigated Experimental Lander", "year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-04", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jeffrey Chin", "Justin E. Niehaus", "Debra Goodenow", "Storm Dunker", "David R. Montague" ], "first_author": "Jeffrey Chin", "venue": "NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)", "publisher": "NASA Headquarters", "abstract": "First steps have been taken to qualify a family of parafoil systems capable of increasing the survivability and reusability of high-altitude balloon payloads. The research is motivated by the common risk facing balloon payloads where expensive flight hardware can often land in inaccessible areas that make them difficult or impossible to recover. The Autonomously Navigated Experimental Lander (ANGEL) flight test introduced a commercial Guided Parachute Aerial Delivery System (GPADS) to a previously untested environment at 108,000 feet Mean Sea Level (MSL) to determine its high-altitude survivability and capabilities. Following release, ANGEL descended under a drogue until approximately 25,000 feet, at which point the drogue was jettisoned and the main parachute was deployed, commencing navigation. Multiple data acquisition platforms were used to characterize the return-to-point technology performance and help determine its suitability for returning future scientific payloads ranging from 180 to 10,000 pounds to safer and more convenient landing locations. This report describes the test vehicle design, and summarizes the captured sensor data. Various post-flight analyses are used to quantify the systems performance, gondola load data, and serve as a reference point for subsequent missions.", "keywords": [ "Survivability", "SAFER", "Aeronautics", "Flight test", "Computer science", "Payload (computing)", "Engineering", "Systems engineering", "Real-time computing", "Aerospace engineering", "Simulation", "Computer security" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20160010274/downloads/20160010274.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7168163329", "doi": "10.26467/2079-0619-2026-29-3-8-17", "title": "Decentralization of unmanned air traffic control", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-07-09", "type": "article", "language": "ru", "authors": [ "A. L. Gorbunov" ], "first_author": "A. L. Gorbunov", "venue": "Civil Aviation High TECHNOLOGIES", "publisher": "Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation", "abstract": "The pace of change in unmanned aviation is so rapid that the latest developments in this field become obsolete before they have passed the stage of technical design. This fate is most likely to befall the work currently being carried out in the Russian Federation on the development of unmanned air traffic control systems within the framework of the National Technology Initiative and other government programs, as they are aimed at the logistics of deliveries of relatively large (of kilograms) cargoes. However, the main challenge for unmanned aviation today is that drone delivery of small online purchases is the near future of mass retail, more than 50 percent of which is already online. This means billions of aerial deliveries per year using small drones flying on arbitrary, unpredictable trajectories, unguided by operators, with conflicts involving tens or hundreds of delivery drones. This perspective is out of step with current developments and requires new conceptual solutions. The paper suggests the main theses of the concept of unmanned air traffic control, taking into account the modern realities of the digital society. The algorithmic basis for automatic conflict resolution of small drones is formed – based on linear programming mathematical apparatus for optimal solution of the problem of safe passage of drones in areas of mass conflict.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Aviation", "Air traffic control", "Pace", "Control (management)", "Government (linguistics)", "Field (mathematics)", "Aviation engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://avia.mstuca.ru/jour/article/download/2777/1489" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7213664087", "doi": "10.31891/2219-9365-2025-83-18", "title": "Decentralized last-mile delivery using ai and 5G: improving efficiency and speed in next-generation networks", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "uk", "authors": [ "Ю. Я. Лещенко", "І. І. Мороз", "М. С. Юхимчук", "Yu. Ya. Leshchenko", "І. О. Мороз", "М. Yukhymchuk" ], "first_author": "Ю. Я. Лещенко", "venue": "Repository of Vinnytsia National Technical University (Vinnytsia National Technical University)", "publisher": "Vinnytsia National Technical University", "abstract": "This paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) into decentralized last-mile delivery systems, aiming to improve efficiency, scalability, and customer satisfaction. Building on previous research, which employed AI-driven optimization techniques such as genetic algorithms and real-time weather data integration, the study highlights how 5G technology can overcome existing challenges related to network latency, data transmission speed, and coordination within decentralized logistics networks. The ultra-fast data transfer rates and ultra-low latency of 5G enable real-time route optimization, dynamic fleet management, and seamless coordination between multiple delivery nodes, significantly reducing delivery times and operational costs. The paper also examines the role of AI-powered autonomous vehicles supported by 5G, which can address the shortage of couriers and enhance delivery safety and efficiency in densely populated areas. Furthermore, the research analyzes potential applications of blockchain technology in last-mile logistics, particularly in enhancing transparency, authenticity verification, and automation through smart contracts. Key technical challenges such as infrastructure costs, limited network coverage, interoperability, cybersecurity, interference, and energy consumption are also discussed, along with potential solutions including network slicing, adaptive interference management, and blockchain-based security models. The study emphasizes the future potential of combining 5G, AI, and blockchain in creating sustainable, adaptive, and customer-oriented logistics ecosystems. Promising directions include machine learning for demand prediction, on-demand and drone-based deliveries, energy optimization, and advanced indoor navigation supported by 5G. Overall, the paper argues that integrating 5G into decentralized last-mile delivery not only addresses existing limitations but also opens avenues for innovation in logistics, contributing to economic growth, environmental sustainability, and improved quality of urban life.", "keywords": [ "Key (lock)", "Efficient energy use", "Energy consumption", "Automation", "Data transmission", "Big data", "Cloud computing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/51723/2/201535.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7116712979", "doi": "10.1109/issc67739.2025.11291475", "title": "Shortest Path Planning for Fleets of Delivery Drones: Evaluating the Benefit of Including a Temporal Dimension in the Routing Network", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-09", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "C. S. Nolan", "Paul Cuffe" ], "first_author": "C. S. Nolan", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "As the commercial deployment of drone delivery services accelerates worldwide, efficient airspace utilisation has emerged as a key challenge for urban logistics. This paper examines the limitations of purely spatial two-dimensional networks for drone routing purposes and evaluates the efficacy of adding a temporal dimension to enhance available airspace capacity. With multiple operators seeking to deploy drone fleets in crowded airspace, simplistic spatial routing approaches risk congestion and reduced service reliability. Our simulations compare spatial and spatio-temporal approaches using sequential drone delivery routing scenarios, demonstrating that temporal networks significantly reduce path deviations and eliminate logjamming effects. Additional simulations evaluate how varying edge lengths affect spatio-temporal network performance, revealing tradeoffs between granularity, capacity, and computational requirements. Results indicate that selecting between spatial and spatiotemporal networks involves balancing computational cost against achievable network capacity. Spatial networks offer simplicity and low computation complexity, while spatio-temporal networks provide superior capacity at greater computational expense. These findings provide valuable guidance for the development of scalable drone traffic management systems as aerial delivery services expand in urban environments.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Scalability", "Key (lock)", "Routing (electronic design automation)", "Software deployment", "Dimension (graph theory)", "Service (business)", "Path (computing)" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/issc67739.2025.11291475" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4411850560", "doi": "10.4050/f-0081-2025-0396", "title": "Downwash and Outwash of Counter-rotating Coaxial Rotors Hovering in-ground Effect", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-20", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Aditya Suvithiraj Rajendiran Vijayaraj", "Zachary T. Moore", "Vrishank Raghav" ], "first_author": "Aditya Suvithiraj Rajendiran Vijayaraj", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This study investigates the evolution of axial and radial velocities in the downwash-outwash region of a counter-rotating coaxial rotor hovering in-ground effect (IGE). The presence of the ground deflects the axial flow of the rotor wake radially outward, with mean radial velocities reaching approximately 2Vh along the ground. Based on the observed velocity profiles, the wake was classified into three distinct regions: the downwash region characterized by maximum wake contraction, the transition region where flow turns from axial to radial, and the outwash region exhibiting wall jet behavior. Results show that increasing inter-rotor spacing d/R and rotor height above ground (z/R)l extends the downwash and transition regions, delaying the onset of radial outwash. Aerodynamic loads on personnel were estimated, showing maximum mean forces and moments of 120N and 120Nm, remaining within safety thresholds for untrained personnel. However, the loads exceeded these limits for heavy-category helicopters with higher disk loading. Instantaneous velocities revealed unsteady behavior driven by tip vortex convection, with peak velocities reaching 2.8Vh and peak loads approximately 50% higher than mean values, as identified using the 98th percentile approach. Frequency analysis confirmed that fluctuations at the rotor frequency dominated the unsteadiness in the rotor wake. These findings provide critical insights for safe rotorcraft operation near ground surfaces and contribute to informed vertiport design and personnel safety guidelines.", "keywords": [ "Outwash plain", "Coaxial", "Downwash", "Aerospace engineering", "Physics", "Materials science", "Geology", "Mechanics", "Electrical engineering", "Engineering", "Vortex", "Geomorphology" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0396" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4410557580", "doi": "10.5194/icuc12-575", "title": "Effects of Urbanization on Low-Altitude Wind Conditions Around Airport Approach Paths", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-21", "type": "conference-abstract", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yoonjeong Choi", "Dooyoung Kwon", "Wan-Sik Won" ], "first_author": "Yoonjeong Choi", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "While South Korea has undergone rapid urbanization concentrated in its metropolitan area, this development has likely affected meteorological conditions and nearby airports. Gimpo International Airport, located in Seoul, has experienced the effects of increasing urbanization in its surrounding areas. Gimpo International Airport is a core transportation hub for the metropolitan area, with an annual passenger volume of 34.73 million passengers. Its importance is expected to grow further with the planned installation of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) vertiports by 2030.This study examines the correlation between the expansion of urbanization and low-altitude wind conditions around Gimpo International Airport.Pilots have reported an increased frequency of turbulence during approach procedures at Gimpo International Airport. This study analyzes the impact of the expansion of high-rise buildings around the airport on wind conditions resulting from urbanization.To conduct this analysis, ERA5 reanalysis data was utilized to collect wind data at 3,000ft altitude (approximately 925hPa), while Automated Weather Station (AWS) observational data was employed to obtain surface wind information. Subsequently, wind direction and speed were compared between these two altitudes.The impact of urbanization on wind conditions was evaluated considering the changes in building distribution along approach routes. Comparing the meteorological conditions over the past 30 years between downtown and the airport area has revealed a significant difference in wind speed.Due to the difference in this wind speed, the effect of turbulence or shear is considered to be increased. This study quantitatively examines the influence of urbanization on aircraft approach procedures and UAM operational altitude, providing foundational data for ensuring UAM safety and serving as a key reference for analyzing the safety of aircraft operations.", "keywords": [ "Low altitude", "Urbanization", "Altitude (triangle)", "Meteorology", "Environmental science", "Atmospheric sciences", "Wind speed", "Geography", "Economics", "Mathematics", "Geology", "Economic growth" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/icuc12-575" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4415499886", "doi": "10.1002/ett.70276", "title": "Variable Grid‐Based Path‐Planning Approach for UAVs in Air‐Ground Integrated Network", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-24", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Yilong Ren", "Ya Gao", "Wenxiang Xu", "Chien‐Ming Chen", "Mohammed Amoon" ], "first_author": "Yilong Ren", "venue": "Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies", "publisher": null, "abstract": "ABSTRACT The operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in low‐altitude airspace is a key component in the Space‐Air‐Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN). Efficient and rational path planning is essential for UAV operations. Existing path‐planning algorithms typically rely on uniform‐grid models based on Cartesian coordinate systems, which seldom account for the unique characteristics of UAV terminal airspaces. UAV terminal airspaces are often defined as cylindrical volumes where multiple UAVs converge at vertiports, allowing for higher operational densities compared to en‐route airspaces. While a fine‐grained grid model is essential for UAV terminal airspace, it is inefficient for en‐route airspace due to excessive computational costs. This paper presents a path‐planning approach based on a variable grid model to find the optimal path while effectively utilizing airspace resources and minimizing computational overhead. Specifically, for the UAV terminal airspace, we propose the Grid‐Optimized A* Path‐Planning (GO‐APP) algorithm, which establishes a sector‐grid model based on a cylindrical coordinate system to find the optimal path. Extending to the en‐route airspace, the Variable‐Grid A* Path‐Planning (VG‐APP) algorithm integrates the GO‐APP and A* algorithms to search the optimal path by stages. Simulations indicate that as the obstacle density in terminal airspace increases from 10% to 40%, GO‐APP demonstrates a path length improvement ranging from 0.78% to 24.46% relative to A*. In generating a path from en‐route airspace to terminal airspace, VG‐APP significantly outperforms A*, reducing path length by up to 15.39% along with improving computational efficiency by 30.54%. Additionally, experiments in the real‐world city of Hangzhou validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.", "keywords": [ "Terminal (telecommunication)", "Path (computing)", "Key (lock)", "Variable (mathematics)", "Grid", "Cartesian coordinate system", "Obstacle", "Motion planning" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.70276" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7214211176", "doi": "10.1002/dta.70151", "title": "Impact of Drone Versus Car Transport on Anti‐Doping Sample Integrity Over Short Distances: A Proof‐Of‐Concept Study", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-24", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "I. Al‐Mohannadi", "Maneera Al-Jaber", "Maryam Ali Al‐Nesf", "Waseem Samsam", "Abdulaziz Farooq", "N. M. Thomas", "Mark Campbell Stuart", "N. Robinson", "G. Zangenfeind", "D. Rovira", "N. Mohamed‐Ali", "Alka Beotra", "V. Mohamed-Ali", "Mohammed Al‐Maadheed" ], "first_author": "I. Al‐Mohannadi", "venue": "Drug Testing and Analysis", "publisher": "Wiley", "abstract": "This study investigated whether drone transportation resulted in measurable changes in biological variables relevant to the Athlete Biological Passport, including the urinary steroid profile, haematological factors, selected clinical markers and the untargeted metabolome in dried blood spots (DBS). Urine, blood and DBS from healthy volunteers were analysed after car, drone or no transport, over 5 or 20 km. Haematological factors were assayed by a haematology analyser, steroid profile by GC-/LC-MS and metabolomics by UPLC-MS/MS. Drone was faster than car across both distances, and performance was unaffected by high temperatures (29°C-32°C) or wind speed (12-20 km/h). Haematological, urinary steroid and routine clinical chemistry markers showed no significant differences between car and drone at either distance. Metabolomic analysis showed that most metabolites from DBS samples remained stable relative to no transport: 88% at 5 km and 81%-84% at 20 km for both modes. Using a control-anchored equivalence framework, 92.3% of metabolites were classified as equivalent between car and drone at 5 km, and 88.0% at 20 km, with strong correlation across the full metabolome (r = 0.78 at 5 km, p-value < 0.001; r = 0.82 at 20 km, p-value < 0.001). This is the first report to evaluate drone transport across all major anti-doping sample matrices (urine, whole blood and DBS) using both targeted clinical assays and untargeted metabolomics. Steroid profile, haematological and clinical markers, as well as most DBS-derived metabolites, were equivalent following drone delivery compared with car transport, making this mode of sample transport a possible option during major sporting events.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Metabolome", "Metabolomics", "Whole blood", "Urinary system", "Poison control" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/dta.70151" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4402685689", "doi": "10.2514/6.2024-4519", "title": "Bleed Air Actuation for a Single Surface Parafoil", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-07-27", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Donald J. Ward", "Andrea L. Vu", "Mark Costello" ], "first_author": "Donald J. Ward", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Bleed air actuation using upper surface spoilers is a lightweight, cost-effective control strategy for achieving glide slope modulation in ram air parafoils. The addition of glide slope control to airdrop systems significantly increases the accuracy of terminal guidance strategies and thereby improves the probability of a successful resupply or delivery mission. This work aims to extend the glide slope control capabilities of bleed air spoilers to single surface parafoils. These canopies are lighter weight and lower volume than ram air parafoils of a similar size and offer a more compact, guided aerial delivery solution. However, with significantly differing flow physics from ram-air canopies, single surface parafoils present a novel challenge for the implementation of bleed-air actuators. A 2D CFD model is used to establish a comparison between actuation concepts for control authority and robustness. The bleed-air actuator design problem is abstracted by considering the airdrop concept of operations and the high-level concepts are proposed for each critical function. The most relevant concepts are flight tested in unpowered flight and video footage is used to evaluate opening and sealing behavior. A counter-weighted design is found to fulfill the design requirements of reliable sealing and venting of bleed-air, at the cost of increasing system weight.", "keywords": [ "Bleed", "Computer science", "Business", "Advertising" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4519" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W250531288", "doi": null, "title": "We Measure Success through the Eyes of the War Fighter", "year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-12-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Duncan J McNabb" ], "first_author": "Duncan J McNabb", "venue": "Air & Space Power Journal", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract : United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) provides strategic mobility to our nation. No other government, commercial, or private agency can move as much to as many places as quickly. The past two years have been among the most challenging in USTRANSCOM s history. In the face of unfavorable strategic headwinds caused by our national debt and uncertain security environment, the team at USTRANSCOM has set in place a strategy to balance these challenges in an effective, efficient manner. No one can be certain where the next crisis in the world may occur, but assured global access will guarantee our readiness. We will expand our strategic access by leveraging our role as the GDS to improve key infrastructure and use diplomacy to open new lines of communication, as demonstrated by the NDN and arctic overflight. We will also improve our ability to deliver to the point of need by exploiting new systems such as low-cost, high-speed airdrop and transformational systems such as hybrid airships. The historic and deliberate placement of forward operating posts beyond ground lines of communication in Afghanistan, completely reliant on aerial delivery, speaks volumes about the trust we have earned from our Soldiers, who know that USTRANSCOM and its air component will always ALWAYS deliver.", "keywords": [ "Business", "Government (linguistics)", "Agency (philosophy)", "General partnership", "Computer security", "Point (geometry)", "Public relations", "Computer science", "Political science", "Finance" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a555501.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4414956730", "doi": "10.1109/iccsce65566.2025.11182645", "title": "AI-Powered Ballistic Assistant in Free Fall Object Release Tasks", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-22", "type": "conference-paper", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Adam Erik", "Muhammad Ilyas", "S. Imran Moazzam" ], "first_author": "Adam Erik", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Precision aerial delivery of free-falling objects remains a critical challenge for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), particularly in dynamic wind conditions. Traditional methods—relying on manual control or active stabilization mechanisms—often struggle with accuracy and adaptability. While recent advances in data-driven control systems suggest the potential of deep learning for ballistic prediction, existing approaches either require complex hardware (e.g., guided payloads) or lack robustness to environmental disturbances. This study introduces an AI-powered ballistic assistant that enhances free-fall accuracy through real-time integration into drone position control. By leveraging a deep neural network (DNN) trained on extensive physics-based simulations—covering diverse wind conditions and release altitudes—the system predicts relative target distance and optimizes release points autonomously. Experimental results demonstrate the drone with the integrated AI assistant achieves significantly improved accuracy compared to manual release. At altitudes up to 200 meters, the system maintains 89.9% accuracy, gradually declining to 10% at 400 meters due to increasing environmental variability. Across 1700 test episodes at varying altitudes, the AI -assisted approach achieves a 76.80 % overall landing accuracy, outperforming manual control in the same simulation environment.", "keywords": [ "Drone", "Robustness (evolution)", "Artificial neural network", "Position (finance)", "Deep learning", "Control system" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce65566.2025.11182645" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7112878753", "doi": null, "title": "ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL AERIAL SYSTEMS AND FUEL-EFFICIENT UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAV) IN SUPPORT OF SPARE PARTS DELIVERY OF SHIPS AT SEA", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": null, "authors": [ "Juarez, Guillermo Jr.", "Ball, Kylie" ], "first_author": "Juarez, Guillermo Jr.", "venue": "Calhoun: The Naval Postgraduate School Institutional Archive (Naval Postgraduate School)", "publisher": "Naval Postgraduate School", "abstract": "This project conducts cost analysis of traditional aerial delivery systems using the MH-60S Seahawk and CMV-22B Osprey, against emerging fuel-efficient hybrid vertical takeoff and landing (HVTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), like Unmanned Aerospace’s GH-4 Gyrocopter. Spare parts are essential for maintaining operational readiness of the Department of Defense (DoD) ships. A lack of spare parts can result in excessive downtime and inability to support the mission. When a part is unavailable, it must be flown in from shore or another vessel, typically using rotary-wing or tiltrotor aircraft like the MH-60S and CMV-22B. These expensive delivery methods can limit aircraft availability for other critical missions. With the emergence of fuel-efficient UAVs, it is important to investigate their potential as a feasible and cost-effective solution to delivering spare parts to ships at sea. This study evaluates the acquisition and operational costs associated with both types of systems, considering multiple factors. It finds that UAVs, particularly the Kargo UAV, provide a cost-saving advantage over traditional aerial logistics platforms like the MH-60S Seahawk and CMV-22B Osprey. Therefore, it recommends that the Department of the Navy (DON) conduct pilot programs to further assess the performance, reliability, and interoperability of UAVs in logistical roles.", "keywords": [ "Spare part", "Downtime", "Navy", "Takeoff", "Interoperability", "Takeoff and landing" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/10945/74105" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7212641277", "doi": "10.25500/edata.bham.00001747", "title": "Research data from Phase 4 of ESRC/Innovate UK Future Flight Social Science Research Director", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-09-14", "type": "dataset", "language": null, "authors": [ "Fern Elsdon‐Baker", "Louise Reardon", "Will Mason‐Wilkes", "Adam Michael Packer", "Alexander J. Carter", "Alisi Mekatoa" ], "first_author": "Fern Elsdon‐Baker", "venue": "University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)", "publisher": "University of Birmingham", "abstract": "Between 2025 and 2026, Future Flight technologies saw major advancements across multiple fields. Phase Four of the Innovate UK Future Flight programme ran from late September 2025 to March 2026. It aimed to further accelerate the adoption of advanced air mobility technologies including electric vertical take-off and landing vehicles (i.e. eVTOLs) and drones in the UK via Strategic Growth and Regional Demonstrator projects. This dataset was collected November 25-March 26 as part of a broader social science research programme led by Prof. Fern Elsdon-Baker (University of Birmingham). The research was funded by the ESRC in partnership with Innovate UK and the Department for Transport. The University of Birmingham’s Future Flight Social Science programme analysed barriers, opportunities, and social impacts, offering key insights to support scale-up in the UK, alongside a unique historical snapshot of public and stakeholder views upstream of commercialisation of a new and potentially disruptive technology. This includes the following: 1. Regional Case Study 1 (Drones for flooding and environmental monitoring Somerset): 5 focus groups with members of the public living in, and around, Somerset, and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders conducted between January and February 2026. 2. Regional Case Study 2 (eVTOLs Bicester Vertiport): 6 focus groups with members of the public living in, and around, Bicester and Oxfordshire conducted between February and March 2026. 3. Regional Case Studies Study 3 (Medical Drones, Wales): 2 focus groups in February 2026 with publics living in around Talbot Green and Wrexham. 4. National Focus Groups (Trade-Offs between medical, policing and commercial us drones): 6 focus groups with members of the public across the UK conducted in March 2026. 5. Public perceptions of the Darlington Amazon delivery drone trial: regional survey data (designed by UoB, data collected by YouGov in Feb/March 2026) and focus groups report (delivered by YouGov in March 2026). The data files are as follows: 1. Regional Case Study 1 (Drones for flooding and environmental monitoring Somerset).zip – zip folder containing anonymised interview and focus group transcripts and protocols in MS Word format. 2. Regional Case Study 2 (eVTOLs Bicester Vertiport).zip – zip folder containing anonymised focus group transcripts and protocols in MS Word format; pre-post survey responses in MS Excel format; pre- and post-survey questions in MS Word format. 3. Regional Case Studies Study 3 (Medical Drones, Wales).zip – zip folder containing anonymised focus group transcripts and protocols in MS Word format; pre-post survey responses in MS Excel format; pre- and post-survey questions in MS Word format. 4. National Focus Groups (Trade-Offs between medical, policing and commercial use drones).zip – anonymised focus group transcripts and protocols in MS Word format; focus group materials in MS PowerPoint format. 5. Public perceptions of the Darlington Amazon drone delivery trial.zip – regional survey data in MS Excel format, focus group report in PDF format. 6. Reports and appendices – eVTOL report commissioned by the Department for Transport in PDF format.", "keywords": [ "Social research", "Phase (matter)", "Research data", "Data collection", "Key (lock)", "Applied research" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.25500/edata.bham.00001747" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4386810884", "doi": "10.7315/cde.2023.273", "title": "Analysis of Real-Time Simulation Model for Determining the Drop Point from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-09-17", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ho-Jin Hwang" ], "first_author": "Ho-Jin Hwang", "venue": "Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering", "publisher": null, "abstract": "With the increasing importance of initial response in emergency maritime rescue systems, there has been a rise in applications involving aerial delivery or dropping of objects from unmanned vehicles. Training plays a vital role in supporting mission execution in military and emergency situations. However, real-world training encounters limitations in terms of cost and safety, making virtual training a viable alternative. This paper analyzes and proposes approaches for realtime simulation of dropping object from unmanned vehicles for educational training purposes. The educational training simulation models can be classified into three categories: physics-based simulation mathematical models, data-driven search models, and probability-based simulation estimation models. Physics-based models ensure accuracy, but real-time processing is challenging. Data-driven models, on the other hand, cannot adapt to new input conditions. Therefore, a probability-based simulation estimation model, considering uncertainties, is deemed suitable for educational training simulations. The probability-based model provides estimation outputs based on probability distributions, accommodating diverse variables. To implement a specific probability-based estimation model, diverse environmental input conditions should be utilized, and simulation results must be compared and validated against mathematical models. The model", "keywords": [ "Point (geometry)", "Simulation modeling", "Computer science", "Simulation", "Training (meteorology)", "Estimation", "Engineering", "Systems engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.7315/cde.2023.273" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7111784105", "doi": null, "title": "Towards the 3rd dimension of urban transport: Is the upcoming model of advanced urban mobility just another aircraft network?", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Andritsos, Konstantinos" ], "first_author": "Andritsos, Konstantinos", "venue": "Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln)", "publisher": "Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research", "abstract": "European cities are increasingly facing challenges such as traffic congestion, environmental pressures, limited spatial resources, and rising demands for mobility. Urban Air Mobility (UAM), facilitated by electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) and other unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), is emerging as a potential solution to these issues by adding a third dimension to urban transport. While technological advancements in this area are progressing rapidly, the existing legal framework remains fragmented and inadequately adapted to the unique conditions of low-altitude, on-demand air operations over EU cities. This dissertation explores the legal implications of integrating UAM into urban environments across Europe. It examines how UAM fits within current mobility concepts, evaluates its operational interactions with the European Union and international aviation law, and assesses whether existing regulations are sufficient for large-scale deployment. Key topics discussed include aviation safety and certification, airspace access and the related questions of municipal or regional airspace sovereignty, the legal status of vertiports, and liability frameworks under the Montreal and Rome Conventions, as well as EU passenger regulations. The influence of important institutions, such as the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), EUROCONTROL, and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), is analysed in relation to shaping future regulatory paths. Through doctrinal legal analysis and case studies of Hamburg and Astypalaia, this dissertation identifies significant gaps in the current regulatory system. It argues that existing frameworks only partially address UAM and that a coherent, multifaceted approach is necessary to ensure safety, legal certainty, and public acceptance.", "keywords": [ "Aviation", "Civil aviation", "European union", "Dimension (graph theory)", "Agency (philosophy)", "Air traffic control", "Aviation safety", "Liability", "Aviation law" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/79315/1/PhD%20Dissertation%20Konstantinos%20Andritsos.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7162647217", "doi": "10.1016/j.rtbm.2026.101723", "title": "Geospatial assessment of time savings for urban air mobility in multi-airport regions: Evidence from the São Paulo–Congonhas Airport shuttle", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Jussan Knupp Ribeiro", "Giovanna Miceli Ronzani Borille", "Mauro Caetano", "Evandro José da Silva" ], "first_author": "Jussan Knupp Ribeiro", "venue": "Research in Transportation Business & Management", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Geospatial analysis", "Aviation", "Air traffic control", "Real-time data", "Air pollution", "Global Positioning System" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2026.101723" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7167179565", "doi": null, "title": "Elektrikli Dikey Kalkış ve İniş Araçlarının Teknolojik Gelişimi Üzerine Çok Boyutlu Bir Yaklaşım", "year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-10", "type": "article", "language": "tr", "authors": [ "ÖZGE YILKICI", "Nalan Akyurt", "Didem Rodoplu Şahin" ], "first_author": "ÖZGE YILKICI", "venue": "DergiPark (Istanbul University)", "publisher": "Istanbul University", "abstract": "Purpose The main objective of this study is to thoroughly examine the integration potential of electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) systems into urban transportation networks through multiple perspectives, specifically focusing on legal regulations, technological advancements, Air Traffic Control (ATC) integration, and user acceptance.Methodology: The research was designed with a qualitative approach to evaluate the four key perspectives. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with a group of experts (legal professionals, engineers, air traffic controllers, apron staff) and potential users. The interview data were coded using MAXQDA software and analyzed in detail using the thematic analysis method.Findings: The findings indicate that despite the rapid evolution of eVTOL technology, the current legal framework has not yet fully adapted to this progress, revealing regulatory gaps. Furthermore, it was determined that significant infrastructure investments are required for Air Traffic Management systems to accommodate eVTOL integration, and that potential users possess limited knowledge and awareness regarding this new mode of transport.Practical Implications: The study provides guidance to relevant stakeholders on how to fully realize the potential of eVTOL technologies in creating a revolutionary transformation in urban mobility. It highlights the necessity of adopting a holistic strategy that involves updating legislation, accelerating infrastructure (vertiports and ATC systems) investments, and increasing user awareness.Originality: This study makes a significant and original contribution to the field by offering a comprehensive, multi-perspective qualitative assessment that integrates the legal, technological, operational, and social acceptance dimensions of eVTOL integration, and by processing data from primary sources (expert and user interviews) using thematic analysis.", "keywords": [ "Thematic analysis", "Thematic map", "Air traffic control", "Key (lock)", "Field (mathematics)", "Software", "Control (management)", "Qualitative research" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5495479" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W315081216", "doi": "10.21236/ad0431128", "title": "OPERATIONAL DEMONSTRATION AND EVALUATION OF THE FLEXIBLE WING PRECISION DROP GLIDER IN THAILAND, MARCH-JULY 1963", "year": 1963, "publication_date": "1963-11-01", "type": "report", "language": "en", "authors": [ "William R. Quinn" ], "first_author": "William R. Quinn", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "An operational demonstration and evaluation is made of the Ryan Flexible Wing Precision Drop in Thailand during March-July 1963. Thirty five drops were made. The glider is a radio-controlled aerial delivery system deployed from an aircraft with the capability of delivering a 300 lb payload to a designated landing zone at night or in all-weather conditions. The system consists of three main components: a reinforced cardboard cargo container, an aluminum control box, and a folded inflatable wing housed in the recessed center of the control box. In a packed, ready for flight condition, the system measures 24x32x48 inches and weighs approximately 386 lb. The high lift capability of the glider wing permits a 3.1 to 1 glide ratio, allowing a horizontal offset of 3.1 ft for every foot of altitude. This permits the pilot to release the cargo some distance away from the drop zone, avoiding enemy fire, unfavorable terrain, and disclosure of the position of friendly forces at the drop zone to the enemy. Horizontal offset can be increased or decreased depending on location of the drop aircraft in relation to the wind. The wing has a fixed rate of descent for a given cargo weight which can be increased by steep turns. It is about 11 ft/sec for a 300-lb payload. (Author)", "keywords": [ "Glider", "Wing", "Drop (telecommunication)", "Aeronautics", "Engineering", "Aerospace engineering", "Marine engineering", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://doi.org/10.21236/ad0431128" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7134198103", "doi": "10.1016/j.cstp.2026.101776", "title": "Optimizing rural logistics: A bi-layer heuristic for the truck-drone location-routing problem with multiple drone stations", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-03-07", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Lirong Wu", "Hang Zhang", "Hang Zhang", "Zehao Wang", "Yuankai Zhang", "Suile Wang" ], "first_author": "Lirong Wu", "venue": "Case Studies on Transport Policy", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Drone", "Heuristic", "Solver", "Truck", "Flexibility (engineering)", "Heuristics", "Ant colony optimization algorithms", "Genetic algorithm" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2026.101776" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7161770617", "doi": "10.2514/6.2026-3552", "title": "Experimental Investigation of Propeller Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics in Ground Effect Over Solid and Perforated Surfaces", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-05-20", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "Mohammad S. Khan", "Amaratsinh Rathod", "SH. S. Vemuri" ], "first_author": "Mohammad S. Khan", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "This experimental study examines the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic behavior of a two-bladed propeller operating in ground effect over solid and perforated ground surfaces. Measurements are conducted at 5000 and 7000 RPM across a range of height ratios spanning in-ground-effect (IGE) and out-of-ground-effect (OGE) conditions. Three configurations are considered: a solid baseline, an impermeable cavity-backed perforated surface, and a fully permeable perforated surface. From an aerodynamic perspective, the presence of perforations has minimal influence, with thrust and torque coefficients remaining comparable across all cases. Aeroacoustic results show that perforated surfaces primarily redistribute acoustic energy rather than providing an overall reduction in noise. In IGE conditions, the impermeable configuration attenuates higher blade passing frequency (BPF) harmonics while preserving downstream shielding, resulting in reductions of up to ~7 dB in near-field OASPL at outer radial locations. The permeable configuration exhibits mixed behavior in the far-field, showing attenuation in the reflection zone but amplification in the shielded zone due to acoustic transmission through the perforations, whereas in the near-field, it redistributes energy toward mid-frequency broadband content, resulting in a moderate increase in OASPL. Near-field coherence analysis indicates scale-selective suppression of turbulence-induced noise for the impermeable configuration and evidence of flow-induced acoustic reorganization for the permeable case. Overall, the impermeable configuration offers a balanced, low-penalty noise mitigation approach, while the permeable configuration is better suited for targeted attenuation. These findings may hold relevance for vertiport ground surface design and UAV operational strategies.", "keywords": [ "Aerodynamics", "Aeroacoustics", "Ground effect (cars)", "Propeller", "Noise (video)", "Computational aeroacoustics" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-3552" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2950082032", "doi": null, "title": "HELICOPTER-TYPE ROTOR DECELERATORS.", "year": 1963, "publication_date": "1963-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "R.R. Tyndall" ], "first_author": "R.R. Tyndall", "venue": "Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Helicoptr-type rotors appear attractive for the deceleration, trajectory control, gliding descent and final recovery of almost all types of aero space payloads. The potential of rotors is based upon (1) their inherent virtues of L/D gliding capability, controllability, and soft, flared landing; (2) past experience with uncontrolled rotor-decelerated air-dropped stores; and (3) helicopters having the capabilities of control, autorotation, and flare-out to land. Aero nautical Systems Division, as well as other Government agencies, believes that rotor decelerators have potential, particularly in light of the desired expansion of limited war capability, and is conducting applied research to explore the basic feasibility of using rotors for aerospace payload recovery. This effort involves both wind tunnel testing in the transonic-super sonic range, and free-flight testing at deployment speeds up to Mach 0.9 and analyses. To date, wind tunnel tests have demonstrated the deployment, operating, and drag characteristics of an eight-foot diameter rotor decelerator through a Mach number range from 0.5 to 1.5. Analyses have indicated that rotors, as well as providing subsonic performance capability, may have potential as hypersonic glide and drag devices. Thus, rotor decelerator potential embraces the spectrum ranging from relatively low-speed aerial delivery of payloads to suborbital and orbital space vehicle recovery. (Author).", "keywords": [ "Aerospace engineering", "Transonic", "Rotor (electric)", "Payload (computing)", "Engineering", "Aeronautics", "Mach number", "Drag", "Aerospace", "Airframe", "Wind tunnel", "Hypersonic speed" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015095317445" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7166924748", "doi": null, "title": "Digitization of Wind Tunnel Experiments: An AI-Based Approach to Wind Field Reconstruction and Visualization", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Dingyang Geng" ], "first_author": "Dingyang Geng", "venue": "Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)", "publisher": "Concordia University", "abstract": "As various unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) begin executing diverse missions over urban areas, they are transforming city logistics from two-dimensional ground transportation to three-dimensional aerial delivery. However, the gradient flow field variations around buildings and unpredictable air currents within dense urban canyons pose significant challenges for safe UAV flight. Therefore, a method capable of reconstructing the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) relationship within urban wind fields and analyzing their three-dimensional structure is a key foundation for advancing urban logistics from flat to three-dimensional operations. This study aims to achieve the informatization of flow field data in atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnels using deep learning-based reconstruction methods. Smoke visualization techniques were deployed to track airflow around buildings, while computer vision-based algorithms reconstructed wind fields from sparse multi-angle video recordings to investigate fluid-structure interactions between structures and flow fields. Furthermore, measurements from porous pressure probes validated the deep learning model’s predictions of velocity profiles and turbulence intensity under low wind speed conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach successfully reconstructs high-resolution, time-series flow fields within complex, obstructed three-dimensional simulated urban environments using machine learning techniques.", "keywords": [ "Visualization", "Wind tunnel", "Airflow", "Terrain", "Flow (mathematics)", "Field (mathematics)", "Turbulence", "Wind engineering", "Wind direction" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/996755/1/Geng_MASc_S2026.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2568342081", "doi": null, "title": "C-130J Hercules Transport Aircraft (C-130J)", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-12-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Anthony Zompetti" ], "first_author": "Anthony Zompetti", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract : The C-130J Hercules Transport Aircraft (C-130J) is a medium-range, tactical airlift aircraft designed primarily for transport of cargo and personnel within a theater of operations. Variants of the C-130J perform other missions including rescue and recovery, air refueling, special operations, fire-fighting and weather reconnaissance. The C-130J can carry more than 40,000 pounds of cargo (pallets or a varied number of wheeled vehicles) or be configured to carry up to 84 paratroopers. The enhanced cargo handling system reduces crew workload and can be quickly adapted to accommodate any combination of passenger, cargo or aero-medical airlift missions. Two primary methods of aerial delivery are used for equipment delivery: parachutes pulling the load from the aircraft; and the Container Delivery System that uses the force of gravity to pull supplies from the aircraft. The C-130J can also operate from austere landing zones with as little as 3,000 feet of dirt runway. A stretched version of the C-130J offers aircrews 55 feet of cargo compartment length. The additional 15 feet in length over previous versions of the C-130 translates into 30% more useable volume for increased seating, litters, pallets or airdrop platforms thus providing a significant advantage in the reduction of sorties necessary for mission completion. The C-130J offers a greater value when compared to any other tactical airlifter.", "keywords": [ "Aeronautics", "Crew", "Runway", "Marine engineering", "Pallet", "Firefighting", "Air cargo", "Engineering", "Workload", "Transport engineering", "Computer science", "Mechanical engineering" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1018999.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2569282251", "doi": null, "title": "Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV)", "year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-12-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Shane Fullmer" ], "first_author": "Shane Fullmer", "venue": null, "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract : The primary mission of the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) is to provide protected, sustained, and networked light tactical mobility to the Joint forces, capable of worldwide deployment across the full spectrum of military operations and mission profiles under all weather and terrain conditions. The JLTV will be transportable over long distances within any theater of operations through numerous lift assets and options, from sealift and amphibious shipping to airlift (both fixed and rotary wing) and low velocity aerial delivery. It will provide mobility to reconnaissance units and direct fire in support of combat maneuver, with substantial payload for personnel, equipment, and supplies. The JLTV will support command, control, and communication in both stationary and on-the-move modes, enabling interoperability with Joint and coalition forces in decentralized operations over extended ranges in complex and dynamic operational environments. System Description: the JLTV Family of Vehicles is comprised of two variants based upon a common automotive platform, a two-seat Combat Support Vehicle (CSV) and a four-seat Combat Tactical Vehicle (CTV), as well as a companion trailer. The two-seat CSV variant has a payload capacity of 5,100-pounds. The four-seat CTV variant has a payload capacity of 3,500-pounds. Variant may be further equipped with multiple mission package configurations, such as the CSV Shelter Carrier and the CTV Heavy Guns Carrier.", "keywords": [ "Payload (computing)", "Software deployment", "Ammunition", "Joint (building)", "Interoperability", "Aeronautics", "Engineering", "Artillery", "Lift (data mining)", "Computer science", "Computer security" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1019469.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W2316011600", "doi": "10.7603/s40690-014-0003-3", "title": "A study of the active controlled useful load parachute systems in terms of subsystem design, test and methods", "year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ümit Mercan", "Gökhan İnalhan" ], "first_author": "Ümit Mercan", "venue": "Havacılık ve uzay teknolojileri dergisi", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Abstract Taking into account the geograhy and the geostrategic location of Turkey, it has become a necessity to perform tasks which are time sensitive such as natural disaster, search and rescue and airlift of ammunition and supplies to operation zones by using unmanned parachute systems. Turkish Air Force (TURAF) Headquarters, in response to this necessity, has claimed its place in the race of possesing new generation unmanned systems and devices which are suitable for developing technology and other improvements of the era in the fields of aviation and space sciences. Within this scope, TURAF closely follows the active controlled useful load-carrying system technology which can be operated in two different options, remote controlled and autonomous, and aims to possess this technology by producing it using local means and sources. Across the World, the system actively used for this purpose are known as Guided Precision Aerial Delivery Systems (GPADS). GPADS technology, which has not been used in Turkey yet, has been studied in detail with this thesis. In this context, a description of the concepts regarding the system TURAF needs has been made, and the technical specifications that the system on draft requires have been put forward. At the end of the study, it has been concluded that the system can be produced domestically with the cooparation of institutions and organizations in Turkey, and that the ram air canopy which produces the best flight performance results should be used during the design phase provided that the compulsory military standarts are met.", "keywords": [ "Scope (computer science)", "Context (archaeology)", "Systems engineering", "Aviation", "Aeronautics", "Operations research", "Engineering", "Computer science", "Aerospace engineering", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.7603/s40690-014-0003-3" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7124236888", "doi": null, "title": "Poster Session", "year": 2026, "publication_date": "2026-01-22", "type": "conference-paper", "language": null, "authors": [ "BCAAS" ], "first_author": "BCAAS", "venue": "Scholarly Commons (Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)", "publisher": "Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University", "abstract": "Research Posters: Automating Carry-on Baggage Control: Operational and Financial Analysis of a BrazilianCase Tulio Souza, Giuliano Avila, Anderson Vicente, Ricardo Barbosa, Isabela Zatti, Robin Roberts, and Maria Petrescu Bridging the Gap: An Exploration of Pilot-Automation Interaction from Initial Training to Airline Operations in Gen Z Pilots Mary Bender, Parneet Makkar, Allysa Hayden, Vanesa Miksa, and Elizabeth Blickensderfer Data-Driven Wind Thresholds for Flight Training: An ADS-B and Surface Weather Analysis Taeyun Yoo and João Souza Dias Garcia Development of an Aircraft-Mounted Fused Sensor System for Real-Time Detection and Classification of Weather Phenomena Sanjana Singh and Stephen Medeiros Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Scheduling Practices at Part 141 Flight Schools to Reduce Flight Instructor Fatigue Favour Obarewon Is Artificial Intelligence Smarter than a Fifth Grader? A Review of Current AI Validation Methods and Their Suggested Use in Aviation Eva Lobaton, Desirae Walton, Zoe Spanos, Grace Gonzalez, Elizabeth R. Merwin, Andrew Schneider, Joseph R. Keebler, and Elizabeth H. Lazzara Flying High and Feeling Faint: An Exploration into Handling In-Flight Medical Emergencies Ujaia J. Cunningham, Grace M. Gonzalez, and Elizabeth H. Lazzara Performance, Acoustics, and Safety Risks of UAM Rotors in Vertiport Atmospheric Conditions Stanley Ossyra and Vadim Voropayev State Capacity and Global Aviation Safety: A Study of Small Island Developing States and ICAO Compliance Rean Clinton Understanding the Lifestyle Challenges and Well-Being of Professional Pilots Tiago Dikerts De Tella and Flavio A. C. Mendonca", "keywords": [ "Aviation", "Flight training", "Feeling", "Session (web analytics)", "Civil aviation", "Pilotage" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://commons.erau.edu/bcaas-annual-srs/2026/agenda/7" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W7112967443", "doi": null, "title": "FUTURE AIR TRANSPORTATION RAMIFICATION: URBAN AIR MOBILITY (UAM) CONCEPT: URBAN AIR MOBILITY", "year": null, "publication_date": null, "type": "article", "language": null, "authors": [ "Mehmet Necati CÄ°ZRELÄ°OÄžULLARI", "Pınar BARUT", "Tapdig IMANOV" ], "first_author": "Mehmet Necati CÄ°ZRELÄ°OÄžULLARI", "venue": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "publisher": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "abstract": "Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a new concept offered for solving urban transportation system problems, contributing to reducing traffic congestion, atmospheric pollution and mobility around metropolitan areas which is progressively an evolved aviation market. Facing the evolved dynamics in the airspace and on the ground, developed new technologies are able to withstand against destroy transportation infrastructures of the big cities, making it necessary to develop UAM services in the megapolises and regional transportation sector. Based on new technologies and modern business approaches, applying the next generation aviation infrastructure makes it capable of setting up a novel air traffic within the urban environment. This case study aims to explore the urban air transport advantages, particularly adoption of UAM, which might be an alternative next generation air transportation system. Referring to the collected operational data and design performances of the UAM, in this paper, we will try to describe a multi approach studying differences between traditional aviation transportation and UAM operation. The first step of the study consists of defining an airspace classification for UAM mission and use of applicable requirements for air navigation service providers and second part of the study describes performing UAM infrastructure and design of vertiports necessary for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) vehicles. Detailed design specification is not included in this study but limited characteristics are indicated according to the VTOL manufacturer that are obtained from the test results. As far as VTOL vehicles have not started their mission yet, the UAM operators are at the stage of development to set up their future operation. The expected trend provides justifiable assumptions of the necessity of establishing the new transportation ramification within the aviation industry, upon transforming existing business activities and regulations.", "keywords": [ "Aviation", "Metropolitan area", "Air pollution", "Service (business)", "Air traffic control", "Air transport", "Transportation planning", "Level of service" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://prizrenjournal.com/index.php/PSSJ/article/view/335" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4404870671", "doi": "10.31031/acam.2023.07.000678", "title": "Contaminated Waters and Depleted Soils: Impact in Nutrition", "year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-12-22", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Ana Lúcia Ramalho Mercê" ], "first_author": "Ana Lúcia Ramalho Mercê", "venue": "Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine", "publisher": null, "abstract": "Toxic elements can contaminate edible crops either from water (rainfall, wastewater…), air (atmospheric dust, aerial delivery of pesticides, industrial and mine activities, heavy traTic ways, chemtrails…), and soil (contaminated site, industrial and mine activities…).Many transition metals are essential to many enzymatic and proteomic biochemistry, these metal ions being susceptible of being replaced by the toxic ones that bear similar chemical properties.They all end up in human bodies with various nefarious consequences.Metal uptake by roots of the edible crops is dependent on the metal chemistry and its speciation according to redox and pH conditions of the soil, the plants in question and the soil geology.Some chemistry theory concerning acids and bases, very easy to grasp, are presented in order to understand how some metal ions and metalloids can be more tenacious to be detoxified in our body than others, that are excreted easier.These considerations are stated in the Pearson's Hard and Soft Acids and Bases Theory (HSAB), where soft Lewis acids and bases are relatively large, polarizable atoms, ions, and molecules and hard Lewis acids and bases are relatively small and less polarizable, explaining the synthetic and natural molecules structure acting as antidotes for intoxication chelation treatment and prevention.Some chemical antidotes for heavy metal intoxication are discussed, synthetic and natural ones, the latest present in medicinal herbs and other edible plants.", "keywords": [ "Soil water", "Environmental science", "Environmental chemistry", "Chemistry", "Soil science" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "http://crimsonpublishers.com/acam/pdf/ACAM.000678.pdf" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/W4405513984", "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.5061024", "title": "Data Collection and Analytics Using Mobile Phones for Safe Landing and Takeoff Procedures of Last-Mile Delivery Drones", "year": 2024, "publication_date": "2024-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Joel Stenroos", "Harry Edelman", "Jussi Kalliola" ], "first_author": "Joel Stenroos", "venue": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "publisher": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "abstract": null, "keywords": [ "Mile", "Drone", "Takeoff", "Aeronautics", "Analytics", "Last mile (transportation)", "Computer science", "Data collection", "Engineering", "Data science", "Aerospace engineering", "Geography" ], "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5061024" } ]