Organisation that cooperates with and are registered at the National AIDS/STI Control Committee.

Organisations that have their office in Diebougou and mainly work in Bougouriba province and intervene in Bapla.

Organisation that conducts activities that fall under the health sector.

These are the organisations that are not Governmental Institutions.

Organisations that work all over the country and have their head office in Ouagadougou.

Organisation that conducts activities in the field of Rural Development.

Improve the access to medicines.

There is a lack of creativity.

The educational quality is poor.

Through experience people will change their behaviour.

Deterioration of family relations.

The governance is not strong, becaus the corruption has increased.

The population is young but of poor quality. Factors that influence the human resources are quality and quantity.

Willingness to move forwards.

The lagal system is not attractive to outside investors.

Youth are frightened and do not leave to the cities anymore, since they noticed that they, who came back from the cities, came to die.

In Burkina Faso the natural resources are poor. The natural resources can be divided in - Underground - Above ground - Climat

- In relation to Rural Development: poverty in the case of the government and the parents. - Poverty due to HIV/AIDS: Systematic impoverishment of the family: The family spends all their savings and often utilises and sells their food surpluses or other resources to cover the medical costs.

NGO's are able to contribute in the improvement of human resources, to reduce poverty.

AIDS reduces the production capacity: If there is a patient within the family, the patient does not work or work less, and the patient preoccupies family members. This consumes time and reduces the labour force.

Convince people to do the HIV-test and especially promoting the adaption of positive attitudes when one knows he/she carries the virus.

Reduce the public sexuality in the rural areas, for example: - Certain night-clubs - Certain dance parties - Porno films

Sensitise people so that they will adapt preservative attitudes.

If a brother dies, the other brother marries his wife, but nowadays this not always the case anymore. Nowadays this costume is less frequently practised, due to the fact men are afraid of women who might be sick.

Non-adoption of training information, due to the quality of the training (not in the local language).

There should be communication.

The healthy working force reduces.

Selfishness of the people from the North (a political problem).

Children are left alone, which is a disaster.

- Insufficient rainfall is a natural obstacle for rural development. - Change in the rain cycle.

Providing training, education, sensitisation and communication, and also medicines. In the rural areas, grassroots organisation, associations, NOG's (micro and meso-organisations) need to contribute to all this.

The solidarity needs to predominate. At community level, the organisations need to solve the child problem.

Lack of training.

Lack of training in the local language.

Effects of harmful antropic actions (excessive wood cutting).

See comment sensitisation.

See comment 'Care taking of orphans'.

Organisations need to be objective with choosing their partners; serious partners.

Lack of material resources and finance to undertake rural development initiatives.

AIDS is a favourable factor of poverty. If people get ill, they are not able to gain money to life.

More than 96% illiteracy, which causes a problem. The language should be appropriate for the target group.

Involve the people concerned, HIV-infected and affected, to spread the right information.

Development is not really possible without healthy labour forces: for example, if the people who give sensitisation are infected, they can not sensitise anybody anymore.

Since 1992 our association only has 5 female-bicycles, which cause a logistical problem. There is no permanent financial support anymore, only from time to time.

Lack of material resources and finance to undertake rural development initiatives.

Lack of available resources to meet our needs (within the villages) For example: Women need to walk 15 km to find wood.

We need the ARV (Anti-Retro Virus), to help the sero-positive people. The state with the assistance of NGO's, the World Bank, the IMF, are responsible for these solutions.

Financial means are needed to conduct the fight against HIV/AIDS.

The people that are in the strenght of their life die, with the consequence that there are no labour forces.

Lack of financial means for travelling (logistics).

- At rural development level:The consequence due to a lack of financial means for logistics and personnel is for example: Not all animals can be vacinated at the same time, so there are animals that die. - Due to HIV/AIDS: If a producer is infected, he sells the total herd for his treatment. The consequence is that he is totally ruined.

- At rural development level: Lack of personnel, managerial staff. - Due to HIV/AIDS: At the moment personnel decease trainings do not continue for a while.

High cost for products, that the producers can not afford.

Sensitisation should be done, let the population know that AIDS is an economic problem.

The medicines need to become cheaper and accessible for the sick.

The political powers need to spend all the financial means to achieve a continuous fight.

AIDS destroys the rural population: with the disease we are not able to work, and we do not gain any money. Development is difficult if there are more people sick than healthy.

- All social categories need to contribute to fight against AIDS (Muslim communities, Christian communities, not only a intellectual level, but also at the level of hospitals, all communities). - The political powers need to spend all the financial means to achieve a continuous fight. Working with the grassroots and international organisation.

Changing the mentality is difficult and therefore also the production methods. You need to deal with the realities of today. Old methods should be renewed with new applicable (technical) methods.

- Sensitisation is very important and needs to be continued. For example: localise the people who think HIV/AIDS does not exist, because that is a catastrophe. - We need to make the people with HIV conscience, so that they do not contaminate others.

Changing the mentality is difficult and therefore also the production methods.

The people who produce the medicines need to lower the prise.

Commercialisation flow problems.

Competition between organisations. Every country or organisation has its own flag/proud.

The organisations that work in the same areas do not speak the same language. There are no joined efforts (cooperation).

The donors are the basis. The organisations work according to the donor's wishes.

Lack of financial means for education.

They need to find a cure. With a disease, which does not have any medicines, we need to find a vaccine and medicines that are adopted to people.

Lack of transformation: Agri-Food-Business Industries.

Subsidies from the South.

The orientation of NOG's and donor's are still not at grassroots level (participatory). Lack of participation of the population.

Problems in product quality.

People pay medicines and finish all their savings.

Sensitisation should continue.

AIDS hits the population, the most active people. The people, who are caught by the disease, are the ones who could develop the economy.

The medicines should be available for all infected people.

There are not enough education centres. These should be created.

Loss of labour forces and a production decrease.

The people need to accept doing the HIV-test, they need to know their serological status. People want to do the HIV-test, but the lack of medicines and the lack of financial means to buy the medicines, discourages people to do the HIV-test.

The education centres do not always function well. The functions of the centres should be reorganised.

The youth who need to work fall ill, which decreases the production.

Lack of agricultural materials.

Not everywhere there are health trainings. Some people need to walk 25 km.

Not everywhere there are schools, which causes a problem.

Excision practices, that generally happen in groups with the same objects or knife which are not cleaned. This gives contamination problems.

At national level: Create employment for people. Lack of work, financial means and food is the poverty that favours prostitution.

Not everywhere there is clean water.

All development departments need to join in the fight against AIDS. All sectors can do something, the different departments, the NGO's, and the associations. For example: the agricultural department can provide AIDS information during the poverty reduction activities.

People have the right of education, of medical attention, 2 meals a day, clean water, and clothing.

The costume of scarification: cicatrices identify ethnic groups (for example: the utilisation method (in groups and without cleaning objects) could cause a problems, like AIDS.

Always sensitise people.

Sick people, who do not work, have nothing.

At national level: provide the necessary financial means to take care of the sick people.

There are the practices and the mentality of people. There are always costumes that cause problems. For example: At health level: - Ceremonies which are not good for the health, but which people do not want to give up. - Due to mentality there are still people who refuse to drink tap water or to construct latrines. At AIDS level: - In the case of AIDS there are traditional practices: when a men dies and leaves his wife behind, the small brother marries his wife. - See also the factors 'Circumcision and excision' and 'Scarification'

Uncertain climat.

If someone is sick he can not do much anymore. He is limited. He puts all his savings in the treatment. He spends money, but nothing returns.

To make men conscience that sexual intercourse outside the marriage is bad, so that everybody needs to be faithful to his/her partners, and that boys and girls abstain until marriage. Our organisation provides this information.

Make use of the leaders (people that are respected). Knowing the leaders in the village, village heads, landlords/traditional chief, and the administrators. All these people can help the village people.

Exclusion of participation: Within a project, people need to participate and contribute. If they do not contribute, they think it is not their business. Because people need to pay money, the poorest people who can not contribute are excluded.

The government is responsible and need to find the necessary financial means. NGO's need to mobilise funds.

Illiteracy: cannot write in the local language, can not take any notes.

The loss of healthy labour forces suppresses development. Because they are sick, they can not work, and do not attain meetings.

Environmental studies are not correctly conducted.

- Before sensitisation we need to study the environment (see comment 'Environmental study').

At the level of education, it is dramatic when teachers fall ill and are not able to teach the children anymore.

The mentality of the people (culture) is difficult to change. For example: men decide everything and women do not have any rights.

There is a lack of community participation. For example: from the 30 persons only 3 come to follow the training.

Low political development at governmental level. Lack of political policies, pressure in certain domains, such as literacy training, education and rural infrastructure.

There is no access to ARV. The access is limited, which results in the fact that there is no pressure for the people to identify their serological status.

AIDS is a public health and development issue. A prevalence rate of 6,5% in 2002. - The solidarity system is still strong. For example: if someone has AIDS we do not abandon this person, so it consumes the time of family members, and reduces the agricultural production. (In Burkina Faso, 80% of the population are farmers). - Medical costs. 45% of the population lives beneath the poverty line.

Insufficient roads.

The approach should be multi-sectoral. The Health sector has shown its insufficiency, and therefore all other sectors should join in the fight against AIDS.

A decrease in labour forces, the work forces of the village or families. They can not work, which attacks the village, the family and the economy, the development.

AIDS orphans, can not follow education anymore.

They could also alleviate poverty. Because people are poor, they end up in the prostitution for example. This exists in the city and in villages. If we combat that, AIDS will not spread with the same speed as present.

They ones need to sensitise all social strata's, make them conscious about the existence of the disease. There are people who believe that the disease does not exist in reality, and do not adopt a protected behaviour.

Children go to school until 12 years old, but after that there are not many who can pay the secondary school. This problem is related to poverty. 20% of the population is able to pay the education for the secondary school, until the diploma after three years of secondary education (BEPC, Brevet d'Etudes du Premier Cycle). The cause is a lack of financial means.

A person that is sick can not work. If he goes to the hospital, the family pays the medical costs. The family members stay with the sick person in the hospital, and are also not able to work. Afterwards there is less money and food available for the family. If the person dies, the family organises a funeral. If there are no financial means, they need to borrow money. This causes extreme poverty. For example: If a person works in Ivory Coast, he gains money for the family. After he falls ill he returns to the family. He consumes all the money and there is no money left for the family. This causes extreme poverty.

Lack of education, especially the level of women. Children go to school until 12 years old, but after that there are not many who can pay the secondary school.

See comment 'Production system'.

Everybody needs to give prevention education. At the beginning it was only part of Health, but since 1997 everybody is involved.

See comment HIV/AIDS.

See comment 'Production system'.

- The production and equipment level is very low. 80% of the agricultural work is done without equipment. Causes and effects of this problem are: It gives a problem of labour forces. There is a strong migration in Bapla area, rural migration. The women, children, and elderly are unequipped and can not produce. The region shows 5 months (November-March) of abundancy, where the people have a good life. During 4 months people have a poor life, and only eat leaves. This means that their living standards are very poor. In July/August the stores are almost empty. From October, the people have not enough money to pay the education of children, which gives an educational problem. - The technical level. The people do not know the technical production methods. This is related to a lack of equipment and education.

Problem for Rural Development: Socio-cultural appearances: peoples believe, habits, and customs. For example: - People do not sell maize, because it's a custom. Like this they can not gain any money, though they are sure that there is food for the family. - If there is no sorghum, they think a funeral can not be held. This is an element of believe. - People do not eat chickens, but sell or give chickens at a funeral. Problem for HIV/AIDS: Persons that has AIDS do not think they are infected by HIV/AIDS. They say it is witchcraft or another disease. Persons that has AIDS do not think they are infected by HIV/AIDS. They say it is witchcraft or another disease.

For the sick people they need to make arrangements for medicines, but these are very expensive.

Schools are insufficient.

Lack of financial means.

The sick population can not work. The family spends everything to support the sick person. This gives economical problems. This is a relation between HIV/AIDS and development.

If you can read and write, it will accelerate the development. For example: If people are literate, technicians can easily do their job.

The literacy training for adults is insufficient.

In rural areas there is poverty. If you want to develop you need something to start with.

The production is insufficient.

People are underdeveloped. People still work with a hoe (daba), while in Europe people work with tractors. Without agricultural equipment they are not able to develop.

People need to find courage to do the HIV-test.

- The population needs to be conscious about the AIDS problems. - The population should know about AIDS, needs to understand the development of AIDS.

Taking care of the sick people, to avoid contamination to others.

Socio-cultural: the traditions still exist. Our civic actions have negatively modified these traditions. People are attached to their traditions. We need to propose alternatives for the traditions. For example: According to tradition, if a man marries a woman, he needs to give a bullock and cauries (old traditional money). Depending on the ethnic, they give bullocks, sheep, chickens, guinea-fowls and cauries. People are not able let this tradition go, so we need to propose an alternative.

- There is a lack of financial means at government level. The construction of shoolbuildings has affect on the efficiency of teachers. - There is a lack of financial means in the rural areas, especially if people experience difficulties.

In rural areas: people who have AIDS are not able to work with the same productivity as healthy people, which is a burden for the family, a medical cost, and social cost. If a person is infected, he cannot work anymore, the production decreases and the sick person needs care.

Develop initiatives to create proper income generation activities for PLWHA. For example: the sick people should not always be dependent on the rural environement. Permit them to keep livestock, for example: provide a woman with a scheep to breed. Afterwards she can sell the scheep, gain some money and repay the scheep. Everybody needs to contribute: the community, the sick people themselves, the countries that have more financial means.

People with HIV/AIDS need to be involved with the activities.

In rural areas the majority of the people life from agriculure and livestock. The methodes are still old-fashion.

Sensitisation within communities should continue.

In central and rural areas: societal problems: the beginning of the fight against AIDS has given the disease permission to develop at large scale. We have stigmatised the disease, due to the fact that people are abandoned.

The traditions (The culture of peasants). The burdens of society (customs). We are born with the customes, but things are changing.

The relation should be seen as follows: If the habits that create problems (no changes) decreases (habits change in a positive way) the production system will increase.

Inaccessibility problems, for example: not everybody understands the French language in the rural areas.

The international comittees, who are the fund providers, need to choose together with the authorities the most appropriate NGO's or people for the job.

Lack of support (finance).

There is a lack of information, especially in the rural areas.

Roads, infrastructure (logistical problems, people cannot go from one place to another).

Re-organise the community-based organisations (community groups, organisations, NGO's, religious and even cultural confessions). For example: To pass on information, organisations need to know whom the chief or respected person is within a village. This means that it is better to find the person to whom the peasants listen and trust, instead of a stranger to whom the people don't listen.

Lack of TV/radio within the rural areas (lack of information).

Sensitise all husbands, men (example of a woman: It is good to sensitise women, but it is more important to sensitise the husbands).

Lack of support (technical materials).

Example: A father had 7 children, 5 sons and 2 daughters. The first son was married, but after 3 years of marriage he died. The father gave the woman to his second son. After a while he also died, and the father gave the woman to his third son, who also died. Arriving at his fourth son, he refused to marry the wife of his brothers. After a while the woman got sick and after testing they discovered that she was sero-positive.

Lack of support (training).